organic molecules. overview of vocabulary organic molecules = made of carbon. organic molecules are...

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Organic Molecule s

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Page 1: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Organic Molecules

Page 2: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Overview of VocabularyOrganic molecules = made of carbon.

Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers put together.

Monomers are single units that, when repeated, make up a polymer.

Mono = one (Monogamy)Poly = many (Polygamy)

Page 3: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

In other words…

Page 4: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Types of Organic Molecules

1. Lipids

2. Carbohydrates

3. Proteins

4. Nucleic Acids

Page 5: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Lipids

Have 3 main functions1. Long-term energy storage

2. Repel water (because they are non-polar)

3. Main component of the cell membrane

Page 6: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Lipids

No monomer

Lipids are composed of two partsFatty acid tails

Gycerol

Page 7: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Lipids Types and Functions

Fat – used for long-term energy storage

Wax – used to repel water

Phosopholipids – Used in the cell membrane

Page 8: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

CarbohydratesTypes and functions

Sugar – used for quick energy

Starch – used for long-term energy storage.

Cellulose – used for structural support in cell walls of plants

Fiber – used to help diet

Page 9: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Carbohydrates

Monomer – Monosaccharide

Monosaccharide – one sugar.

Glucose is an example

Since these are simple they are broken down easily and used for quick energy.

Page 10: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Carbohydrates

Polymer – Polysaccharide

Polysaccharide – many sugars.

Cellulose is an example

These are long and complicated so they are used for long-term energy storage or support.

Page 11: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Carbohydrates

Have four main uses1. Quick energy

2. Structural support

3. Long-term energy storage

4. Dietary support

Page 12: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Proteins

Main FunctionsControl Chemical Reactions

Makes up structural material in the body

Hormones

Transport and storage molecules

Antibodies

Page 13: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Proteins

Monomer = Amino Acids

20 different amino acids

Page 14: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Proteins

Polymer = Proteins

These are large complicated structures made of hundreds of amino acids and have four different levels of structure.

Page 15: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Enzymes

Type of protein

Used to speed up chemical reactions

Page 16: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

How Enzymes Work

Normally two chemicals will bind together, but it takes energy to bond them to each other.

Enzymes attach to both chemicals and help them bond, which lowers the energy needed for them to bond.

This makes the chemical reaction occur much faster.

Page 17: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

How Enzymes Work

Page 18: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Two things that will affect how quickly

enzymes workpH

Temperature

If the pH or temperature is too high or too low the enzyme will work slower

Page 19: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Nucleic Acids

Have 2 main functions1. Store genetic material2. Make proteins

Page 20: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Nucleic Acids

Monomer = Nucleotides

Many nucleotides make up nucleic acids

Nucleotides are made of three things1. Sugar

2. Phosphate

3. Base

Page 21: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Nucleic Acids

Polymers = DNA or RNA (Nucleic Acids)

Page 22: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Nucleic AcidsTypes and Functions

DNA – Used for the storage of genetic information

RNA – Used in protein synthesis

Page 23: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Vitamins

Organic molecule that aids in bodily functions

Vitamin A: Helps with vision, hair, skin, nails

Vitamin C: Helps in healing the body (cuts, sores, disease

Vitamin D: Helps the body with bone growth

Vitamin K: Helps the blood clot

Page 24: Organic Molecules. Overview of Vocabulary Organic molecules = made of carbon. Organic molecules are called polymers because they are made of many monomers

Minerals

Inorganic compounds that help with bodily functions

Help to control nerves and muscles by sending “impulses” or signals from one cell to another

Potassium – fish, yogurt, dark leafy greens

Magnesium – legumes, green vegetables

Calcium – milk, cheese, almonds

Sodium – table salt, sauces, soups, dressings