organisms' life processes and basic needs · organism kingdoms plant kingdom animal fungi...

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funded by the

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CAPITAL REGION SCIENCE EDUCATION PARTNERSHIP

ORGANISMS' LIFE PROCESSES AND

BASIC NEEDS

National Science Foundation

Assessment in the Service of Standards - Based Teaching

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9911868Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendation expressed this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Organisms’ Life Processes and Basic Needs Table of Contents

1 Organisms 2 Organism Kingdoms 3 Life Processes and Basic Needs

Across Kingdoms 4 Organisms 5 Life Processes 6 Life Processes: Growth 7 Life Processes: Development 8 Life Processes: Reproduction 9 Life Processes: Sexual

Reproduction 10 Life Processes: Asexual

Reproduction 11 Life Processes: Nutrition 12 Life Processes: Synthesis 13 Life Processes: Synthesis of

Complex Chemicals 14 Life Processes: Synthesis of

Complex Structures 15 Basic Needs: Oxygen for

Respiration 16 Life Processes: Excretion 17 Life Processes: Excretion in

Plants and Animals 18 Life Processes: Regulation 19 Life Processes: Transport 20 Life Processes: Respiration

21 Life Processes: Respiration in Plants and Animals

22 Basic Needs: All Organisms 23 Basic Need: Energy 24 Basic Need: Oxygen in Air 25 Basic Need: Oxygen Dissolved

in Water 26 Basic Need: Water 27 Basic Needs: Nutrients 28 Basic Needs: Nutrients –

Fertilizers 29 Basic Needs: Nutrients –

Animal Food 30 Basic Needs: Plants 31 Basic Needs: Animals 32 Life Processes and Basic Needs:

A Comparison of Plants and Animals

33 Respiration and Photosynthesis: Comparison 1




37 Animal Movement

38 Plant Movement 39 Tropisms 40 Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motion 41 Taxonomy 42 Taxonomists 43 Taxonomical Groups 44 Taxonomical Kingdoms 45 Animal Kingdom: Vertebrates

and Invertebrates 46 Vertebrates: Examples 47 Invertebrates: Examples 48 Kingdom Protista 49 Kingdom Plantae 50 Kingdoms Eubacteria and

Archebacteria 51 Kingdom Fungi 52 Classification Example:

Animals 53 Scientific Models 54 Natural Systems 55 Ecosystems, Terrariums and

Aquariums 56 Ecosystems, Terrariums and

Aquariums

reproduce

reproduce

live in

called

are a class of cold-blooded



are

are

are

areed by

have

occur in

are are

are classified into

ORGANISMS

kingdoms

six large groups

Over 1,100,000 ORGANISMS

Earth's biosphere

ORGANISMS

ORGANISMS' LIFE PROCESSES AND BASIC NEEDS

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Capital Region Science Education Partnership 1

reproduce

is a is a

is a

is a is a

is a

are an example ofare an example of

is a kind of is a kind of

are a class of

are

occur in

ORGANISM KINGDOMS

KINGDOM AnimalPlant

Fungi

Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Protista

bacteria

Algae

Mushrooms


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carry outhave

from different

have some

that are

have some

that are

is the

contain

LIFE PROCESSES AND BASIC NEEDS ACROSS KINGDOMS

Organisms

BASIC NEEDS

LIFE PROCESSES

KINGDOMS

the same and some that are different

BASIC NEEDS

LIFE PROCESSES


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are usually

havealmost always

are made up of

are

havecarry out

are are

ORGANISMS

living things

basic needslife process( es)

AnimalsPlants

ORGANISMS


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are members of the

LIFE PROCESSES

LIFE PROCESSESinclude

Growth

Development

Reproduction

Nutrition

Synthesis

Excretion

Regulation

Transport

Respiration


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is

is an example of is an example of

can not

secrete

are

that get

from

an increase in weight and volume of an organism

LIFE PROCESS: GROWTH

GROWTH

animal GROWTHplant

GROWTH

the increase in height, diameter, and weight of a tree over the years

the increase in height, breadth and weight of a child between the ages of 4 and 8 years


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is the

is an example of is an example of

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

DEVELOPMENT

LIFE PROCESSES: DEVELOPMENT

change in the structure or form of an organism

animal development

plant development

Hatching of a fish egg

Germination of a seed


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is the formation of a new organism


is a type of is a type of

is

live inare a class of cold-blooded

help

are

REPRODUCTION

LIFE PROCESSES: REPRODUCTION

Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

from a single organism

from the union of a female cell and a

male cell

the formation of new organisms


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reproduce

reproduce

is a is a

is a

is a is a

is a

called



are

are a class of

are

are

areed by

have

occur in

are are

are classified into

LIFE PROCESSES: SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Fish, birds, mammals (dogs, cats, humans)

Plants with flowers (roses, daisies, dandelions, orchids)

sexually

sexually


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reproduce

reproduce

are examples of

when theywhen they

when they

is

in

involves the

in

involves

are are

LIFE PROCESSES:ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Yeast, bacteria, jellyfish, and starfish

Mosses and algae

asexually

asexually

Plant cuttings, bulbs, tubers, runners, and rhizomes

asexualreproduction


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is the

that supply that supply

NUTRITION

LIFE PROCESSES:NUTRITION

process of obtaining nutrients

energyraw materials (chemical building blocks) for maintenance, repair,

growth and reproduction


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is the process of

LIFE PROCESSES:SYNTHESIS

constructing more complex materials and structures from simpler materials

SYNTHESIS


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synthesize

are

fats, starches, sugars, proteins, and cellulose

Plants and animals

LIFE PROCESSES:SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX CHEMICALS

complex chemicals synthesized from simpler chemicals


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synthesize

are

synthesize

are

bone, muscle, skin, hair, nails, scales, feathers, and

blood

Animals

LIFE PROCESSES:SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX STRUCTURES

complex structures synthesized from simple chemical compounds

Plants

roots, stems, leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds


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dissolved in present in the

is a is a

BASIC NEEDS:OXYGEN FOR RESPIRATION

OXYGEN

water air

basic need


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is

into

EXCRETION

LIFE PROCESSES:EXCRETION

the process by which organisms transfer the waste products produced by life processes

their environments


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reproduce

excrete excrete

when theywhen they

excrete

when they

oxygen

LIFE PROCESSES:EXCRETION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

PLANTS

photosynthesize

PLANTS AND ANIMALS

carbon dioxide water

respire


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reproduce

reproduce

are examples of

is

in

involves the

in

involves

are are

LIFE PROCESSES:REGULATION

REGULATION

all the activities that

help to maintain an organism's homeostasis

(internal equilibrium)

animals

nervous and endocrine (hormone)

systems

plants

hormones


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of human

areare

is the process by which

in in

For example,

LIFE PROCESSES:TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT

substances enter and leave cells and

become distributed within the cells

small and simple organisms, materials

are exchanged directly with the

external environment

larger organisms is more complex than simple organisms

a circulatory system transports materials to, and wastes away, from

the cells of the organism


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is the process of

RESPIRATION

LIFE PROCESSES:RESPIRATION

the conversion of chemical energy into other forms of energy ( heat and muscle contraction)


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take in excrete

LIFE PROCESSES:RESPIRATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

When RESPIRing, PLANTS AND

ANIMALS

oxygencarbon dioxide

and water


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is a

is a

are

is aBASIC NEED(S) of ALL

ORGANISMS

Water

Oxygen

Raw materials (chemical building blocks) for

synthesis

Energy

BASIC NEEDS:ALL ORGANISMS


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for plants comes from the

require

for animals comes from

All life processes

ENERGY

BASIC NEED: ENERGY

sun food


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use oxygen from the

use oxygen from the

use oxygen from the

use oxygen from the

BASIC NEED:OXYGEN IN AIR

AIR

Most plants and animals that live on

land

Porpoises and whales live in

water, but

Trees, grass, and flowering plants

Humans, domestic animals, wild animals


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use oxygen that is

use oxygen that is use oxygen that is

BASIC NEED:OXYGEN DISSOLVED IN WATER

DISSOLVED IN WATER

Seaweed and algaeFish

Plants and most animals that live in

water


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is a are composed primarily of

transports

of the

is

of human

are dissolved in

take place in

in in

is

BASIC NEED:WATER

WATER

raw material for photosynthesis

Organisms

67-70 percent

chemicals inside cells and

throughout the bodies of

organismsWaste materials

the human body

Biochemical processes

83 percent

blood


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areare

is the process by which

in in

For example,

BASIC NEEDS:NUTRIENTS

NUTRIENTS

Materials (chemical substances) that provide plants and animals with energy

Minerals (chemical substances) that provide plants and animals with the

chemical building blocks (raw materials) for synthesis and growth


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contain

that provide plants with

BASIC NEEDS: NUTRIENTSFERTILIZERS

FERTILIZERS

minerals

chemical building blocks for synthesis and growth


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contains

that provide

that provide

contains

are areANIMAL FOOD

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

proteins, minerals and

vitamins

energychemical building blocks for

synthesis and growth

Plants Animals

BASIC NEEDS: NUTRIENTSANIMAL FOOD


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is a are

are a

is a

BASIC NEED(S) of PLANTS

WaterOxygen and carbon

dioxide

Minerals from the soil

Light energy from the

sun

BASIC NEEDS:PLANTS


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is a is a

are

is a

BASIC NEED(S) of ANIMALS

Water Oxygen

Raw materials (chemical building blocks) from other plants and animals for

synthesis

Energy from food (sugars, starches, fats)

BASIC NEEDS:ANIMALS


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bothonly

is

are

need both

need only

respire and photosynthesize

Plants Animals

LIFE PROCESSES AND BASIC NEEDS:A COMPARISON OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS

respire

A PLANT'S

energy source

the sun

ANIMALS'energy sources

PLANTS and other ANIMALS

Plants

oxygenand

carbon dioxide

Animals

oxygen


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is the

is

RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS:COMPARISON 1

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

conversion of chemical energy into other forms of energy including heat and motion

(such as muscle contractions)

the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of high energy compounds containing carbon,

hydrogen and oxygen


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requires requires

RESPIRATION

oxygen and energy rich compounds

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

light from the sun,carbon dioxide, water, and chlorophyll



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areare

RESPIRATION's products

carbon dioxide and wateroxygen and energy rich compounds (sugars and

starches)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS' products



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are are

contain

that provide plants with

Sun Light

Chlorophyll

RESPIRATION

High Energy Compounds + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy for Life P

(-CnH2nO-) + O 2 CO2 + H2O + Energy

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Carbon Dioxide + Water High Energy Compounds + Oxygen

CO2 + H2O -(CnH2nO)- + O 2



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move

to get to flee

have

havehave

that enable them to move that enable them to

move

that enable them to move

are are

withwith

are in the kingdomis in the kingdom

are a major group of are a major group of

are the

that distinguish

ANIMAL MOVEMENT

Many kinds of ANIMALs

from place to place

legswings

fins

food predators

Birds

Deer, fox, and

squirrels

Fish


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are

but

in response toin response to

that distinguish

fromPLANT MOVEMENT

sun lightchemicals

and forces such as the wind

rooted in the ground

Many kinds of PLANTs

their leaves and stems

move


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respond to

respond to

respond to

respond to

respond to

results fromis

TROPISM

the movement of a part of a plant in response to an external stimulus

Plantslight (phototropism)

gravity (geotropism)

chemicals (chemotropism)

touch (thigmotropism)

water (hydrotropism)

growth of a part of the plant toward or away from an external stimulus

TROPISMS


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is produced

is

by the plant or animal itself

EXTRINSIC MOTION

INTRINSIC MOTION

the movement of plants and animals from place to place as they are carried along by

moving air or water

EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC MOTION


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is the study of

TAXONOMY

TAXONOMY

the organization of organisms into groups that share similar structural and behavioral characteristics


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are scientists who research

structural similarities among organisms and the classification of organisms

TAXONOMISTS

TAXONOMISTS


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are sub-groups of

are sub-groups of

are sub-groups of

are sub-groups of

are sub-groups of

are sub-groups of

TAXONOMICAL GROUPS

Species

Genera

Families

Orders

Classes

Phyla

Kingdoms


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move

is one of is one of

is one of is one ofare in the kingdom

is in the kingdom

are in the kingdomis in the kingdom

are in one of six

is one of is one of

KINGDOMSAnimalia Plantae

FungiProtista

Humans

Grass

Mushrooms Green algae

TAXONOMIC KINGDOMS

All organisms

Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Bacteria


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move

to get to flee

have

havehave

that enable them to move that enable them to

move

that enable them to move

are are

withwith

are a major group of are a major group of

are the

that distinguish

from

ANIMAL KINGDOM: VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES

ANIMALS(Animalia )

VERTEBRATESINVERTEBRATES

backbones no backbones

VERTEBRATES

INVERTEBRATES

Backbones

structures


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live in

called

are a class of warm- blooded





are

areare

areare

areare defined by

havehave

is a is a

are

occur in

are classified into

VERTEBRATESmammals

birds reptiles

fish

amphibians

Frogs

Beavers

VERTEBRATES: EXAMPLES

Tuna

SnakesBlue Jays


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is a

is a

is a is a

are an example of

is a kind of is a kind of

are a class of are a class of

are

are

are

is a is a occur in

INVERTEBRATESArthropods Mollusks

Crustaceans

Fiddler crabs

Land snails

INVERTEBRATES: EXAMPLES


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carry out

from different

have some

that are

is theare the

are primarily contain

KINGDOM PROTISTA

KINGDOM PROTISTA

most diverse structurally of the

5 kingdoms

most complex single-celled

organisms

aquaticchlorophyll


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are usually

havealmost always

almost always

have

are made up of

are

carry out

are are

KINGDOM PLANTAE

KINGDOM PLANTAE

multicellular

cell walls made of cellulose

contain chlorophyll

produce their own organic nutrients by

photosynthesis

great diversity

80 % flowering plants, 15% pines and their relatives, and 5% are simple plants, mosses and ferns


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are theare members of the

Bacterias

KINGDOMS EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA

the simplest and most abundant organisms

KINGDOMS EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA


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is

is an example of

get food can not

secrete

are

that get

from

are

that get

from

KINGDOM FUNGI

KINGDOM FUNGI

from living and dead organisms in their

environment

produce their own food by photosynthesis

digestive enzymes into their surroundings, which break down the molecules of living and dead

organisms into simpler molecules that can be absorbed

Parasites

fungi

living organisms

energy and chemicals for synthesis

Saprofites (saprobes)

fungi

dead organisms

energy and chemicals for synthesis


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is the

is an example of

is a member of the

is a member of the

is a member of the

is a member of the

is a member of the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and the

and theMillipede

Bess Beetle

Pill Bug

Guppy

Fresh Water Snail

Animal Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

Animal Kingdom

phylum Cordata

phylum Arthropoda

phylum Mollusca

class Osteichthyes

class Crustacea

phylum Arthropoda

phylum Arthropoda

class Insecta

class Diplopoda

CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLE: ANIMALS


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is a type of

is

live inare a class of warm- blooded


help

are

are representations of

Scientific Models

SCIENTIFIC MODELS

us and scientists investigate and

understand the natural world

similar to and different from the natural processes, objects, and

systems they represent

natural processes, objects, and systems

SCIENTIFIC MODELS


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is a

is a

is a is a

called




are

are

are a class of are a class of

are

areare

areare defined by

havehave

is a is a

are

occur in

are classified into

NATURAL SYSTEMS

NATURAL SYSTEMS

parts of the natural world questions under investigation

boundariescomponent part(s)

Matter

Organisms

EnergyChemical, biological, and physical processes


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reprodu

reprodu

are example

reproduce

reproduce

when theywhen they

is

in

involves

live in

called

are are

classified into

are

ECOSYSTEMS TERRARIUMS

natural systemsmodels of

terrestrial (land) ecosystems

ECOSYSTEMS, TERRARIUMS AND AQUARIUMS

AQUARIUMS

models of aquatic ( water) ecosystems


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reproduce

is the

that supply

is a

is a

is a

are an example of

is a kind of

Not well defined BOUNDARIES

Well defined

Open systems

Closed systems

ENERGY SOURCE

MATTER

ORGANISMS

PROCESSES

Sun light Artificial sources and sunlight

Great variety Limited variety

Extensive human intervention

Moderate human intervention

Moves in and out of the system

Under human control

ECOSYSTEMS, TERRARIUMS AND AQUARIUMS

ECOSYSTEMSTERRARIUMS AND

AQUARIUMS

MATERIAL and ENERGY EXCHANGE


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is the process of

have

om different

have some

that are


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synthesize

are

are

have

are


6/20/200612:02 PM


synthesize

are


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is

is an example of

dissolved in

is a


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is the

is an example of

is

into


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is a type of

is

reprodu

excrete excrete

when theywhen they

live in


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reprodu

reprodu

are example

reproduce

reproduce

is a

is a

is a

is

in

involvescalled

are are

classified into

are


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