Organization of LifeEcology

K. Stacker SEV2. Students will demonstrate an understanding

that the Earth is one interconnected system

Element a: Describe how the abiotic components

(water, air, and energy) affect the biosphere.

Element b: Recognize and give examples of the

hierarchy of the biological entities of the biosphere (organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere).

Essential Question: Why can’t an organism survive in total isolation?

Water Food Shelter

L

I

F

E

The Game of Life•The object of the game is to fill in the spaces under each category with words or phrases related to the topic of LIFE.•The first space under each category has to be filled in with a word or phrase that starts with the letter ‘L’.•The second space under each category must start with the letter ‘I’ and so on.•There are no right or wrong answers in this game. If you can explain how a word or phrase relates to life and to the category you get credit for it.

•10 points for words or phrases no one has thought of.•5 points for words or phrases someone else has thought of.•0 points for blank spaces.

What to Do!

When ever you see this symbol

Be prepared to write.

Copy Every Question & Answer

BiospherePart of Earth that

Supports Life -Examples: desert, forest, oceans

Abiotic FactorsNonliving elements

-Only the physical surroundingsExamples: air, soil, light, Moisture/water

Biotic FactorsAll living elements

Examples: bacteria, animals, Plants, fungi

EcosystemInteractions between abiotic

and biotic elements

What is Ecology?

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their environment.

Why & How are living things interrelated?All living things are interrelated because we need the same basic elements: food, water,and shelter. We are all dependent upon one another for these needs.

What is the definitionOf Biosphere, Abiotic, Biotic, and Ecosystem?

Types ofEcosystems

Terrestrial-land

Ex: forests & Deserts

Aquatic-water

FreshwaterEx. Lakes & streams

Saltwater(Marine)

Ex. oceans

What are the 2 Types of Ecosystems?

What are the 2 Types of Aquatic Ecosystems?

What are the Characteristics

of an Ecosystem?

COMPLEX

All organisms related to each

other in complicated

ways

SELF-SUSTAINING

Nothing needs to be added

**Additions might cause more harm

than good**

DIVERSE

Contains many different species

Characteristics of an

Ecosystem

What determines the type of ECOSYTEM that will develop?

• Two of the most important things that determine the type of ecosystem that will develop in a given part of the world are temperature and precipitation (rainfall).

What affects the kinds of ORGANISMS that will live in a particular

ECOSYSTEM?

• Many other things affect what kinds of organisms will be part of the different ecosystems, such as: seasonal fires, type of soil, types of plants, wind, closeness to the sea…

Organism

Populations

Communities

Ecosystems

Biosphere

What is The Organization of Life?How do you know if something is living? All organisms:•Are made up of cells•Grow/develop•Adapt/change/evolve•Reproduce

Each level of the pyramid is linked to those above it.

For each level, provide a definitionand an example

Doe

Deer, Elk, Wolves, Trees, Bears, Mice, Etc.

Deer

All Ecosystems are Part of the Biosphere

Plants/Animals + Habitats

Organism-a single

living thing(doe)

Organism-a single

living thing(doe)

Populations•Groups of organisms that

interbreed (species) and live in the same place at the same time

•Compete for food, water and shelter(deer)

Populations•Groups of organisms that

interbreed (species) and live in the same place at the same time

•Compete for food, water and shelter(deer)

Communities•A collection of interacting populations

•A change in one population effects all other populations in the community (major or minor effects)Includes predator-prey relationships and competition(deer, elk, wolves, trees, bears, wood mice, etc.)

Communities•A collection of interacting populations

•A change in one population effects all other populations in the community (major or minor effects)Includes predator-prey relationships and competition(deer, elk, wolves, trees, bears, wood mice, etc.)

EcosystemsInteractions between populations in a community (biotoic factors) and

the physical environment (abiotic factors)(plants/animals + habitats—stream, mountains, etc.)

EcosystemsInteractions between populations in a community (biotoic factors) and

the physical environment (abiotic factors)(plants/animals + habitats—stream, mountains, etc.)

Biosphere-part of earth that supports lifeExtends from high up in atmosphere to ocean floor

Diverse—supports a wide range of organisms (ocean vs. desert vs. forest)(All ecosystems are part of the biosphere)

Biosphere-part of earth that supports lifeExtends from high up in atmosphere to ocean floor

Diverse—supports a wide range of organisms (ocean vs. desert vs. forest)(All ecosystems are part of the biosphere)

Putting it all Together:The Organization of Life

All organisms:

•Made up of Cells

•Grow/develop

•Adapt/change/evolve

•Reproduce

Each level of the pyramid is linked to those above it.

What is a Habitat? Niche?

What is a habitat?• Where an organism lives• Shared by many species• Organism develop strategies

to live and reproduce in their habitats

• Can change or disappear rapidly

What is a niche?• Role a species has in its

environment. “Job”• Organisms have unique

strategies and structures which reduce competition with other species in the habitat

• Advantageous to occupy a niche that is very different from other species in the environment - no two animals can occupy the same niche

• Change is gradual (evolution)

What is Symbiosis? Symbiosis is a close, long-term relationship or association between

two or more species (species interactions).

What are the types of symbiotic relationships?

Types of

symbiosisDefinition Helpful? Harmful? Neutral? Example

Parasitism

A relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another (by living off the other)

X

Dogs & ticks

Tapeworms & humans

Commensalism

A relationship in which one organism benefits and no harm comes to the other

X

Clownfish & Sea Anemone

Barnacles & Whales

Mutualism A relationship in which both organisms benefit

X Lichen (Moss and Algae)

E. Coli & Humans

BiospherePart of Earth that

Supports Life -Examples: desert, forest, oceans

Abiotic FactorsNonliving elements

-Only the physical surroundingsExamples: air, soil, light, Moisture/water

Biotic FactorsAll living elements

Examples: bacteria, animals, Plants, fungi

EcosystemInteractions between abiotic

and biotic elements

What is Ecology?

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their environment.

Why & How are living things interrelated?All living things are interrelated because we need the same basic elements: food, water,and shelter. We are all dependent upon one another for these needs.

What is the definitionOf Biosphere, Abiotic, Biotic, and Ecosystem?

How do you know if something is living? All organisms:•Are made up of cells•Grow/develop•Adapt/change/evolve•Reproduce