Organization of Living Organization of Living Things and Life ProcessesThings and Life Processes

BIOLOGY: BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFETHE STUDY OF LIFE..

I. Organization of Living ThingsI. Organization of Living Things

ORGANISMORGANISM

BODY SYSTEMSBODY SYSTEMS

ORGANSORGANS

TISSUESTISSUES

CELLSCELLS

ORGANELLESORGANELLES

MOLECULESMOLECULES

MULTICELLULARMULTICELLULARORGANISMSORGANISMS

UNICELLULARUNICELLULARORGANISMSORGANISMS

Complex- many cells

simple-ONE celled

II. Chemical Composition II. Chemical Composition of Living Thingsof Living Things

A. Living things are made of A. Living things are made of four main four main elementselements CarbonCarbon (C), (C), hydrogen hydrogen (H), (H),

oxygen oxygen (O), and(O), and

nitrogennitrogen (N) (N)

B. These elements combine to B. These elements combine to form form moleculesmolecules..

Carbohydrates (glucose)

Proteins (& enzymes)

1. Organic Molecules contain BOTH carbon and

hydrogen proteins, fats, carbohydrates,

nucleic acids

DNA

2. Inorganic molecules - does not contain bothboth carbon & hydrogen but can contain other combinations of elements

Includes Includes salts salts (NaCl) and minerals(NaCl) and minerals Acids and basesAcids and bases Gases – Gases – oxygen oxygen (O(O2) and ) and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide (CO (CO2))

Water Water (H(H2O) –most abundant substance in the O) –most abundant substance in the

human bodyhuman body

III. Four Characteristics of ALL III. Four Characteristics of ALL Living ThingsLiving Things

A.A. Living things are made of Living things are made of CELLSCELLS that contain that contain DNADNA

B.B. Living things have a Living things have a METABOLISMMETABOLISM to help them to help them use use energy energy to live, grow, and develop. to live, grow, and develop.

THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS.

C.C. Living things maintain Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS: HOMEOSTASIS: a a stablestable internal internal environmentenvironment

Ex: Your body sweats in order to maintain a proper internal temperature

D.D. Living things Living things REPRODUCEREPRODUCE

IV. Similarities and Differences IV. Similarities and Differences Among Living ThingsAmong Living Things

A. Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar AND different ways

B. All living things carry on the B. All living things carry on the life life functions.functions.

V. Life Functions or ProcessesV. Life Functions or Processes

1. NUTRITION: The process of obtaining food (nutrients).

IngestionIngestion –taking food in. –taking food in. DigestionDigestion- breaking down of food so that it can be - breaking down of food so that it can be

absorbed by the body.absorbed by the body. Egestion- elimination of Egestion- elimination of undigestedundigested food (solid food (solid

waste).waste).

Heterotroph -vs-autotroph nutrition – d o you know the difference?

Life Functions or ProcessesLife Functions or Processes2. TRANSPORT : The absorption of materials

and the circulation (distribution) of materials to all the cells of an organism.

3. RESPIRATION : The chemical activities that release energy from food.{Ex. Oxygen + glucose yields carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY]

This energy is needed to maintain life (called ATP).

Life Functions or ProcessesLife Functions or Processes

4. SYNTHESIS : : “to make” combining simple substances to make more complex substances, or making things the body needs. [Ex. Starches from simple sugars]

5. EXCRETION : Getting rid of cellular waste such as CARBON DIOXIDE(CO2), WATER (H2O) and SALTS (NaCl).

6. REGULATION : Responding (or coordinating ) to changes in the environment to maintain homeostasis. EX: Your pupils dilate to react to low lighting situation.

7. GROWTH: increase in living matter by increasing cell size or cell number

8. REPRODUCTION: ability of organisms to form more of its own kind

*(not needed for an organism’s survival but necessary for the survival of the species)

METABOLISM: the sum total of all life processesneeded to sustain life

Vocab Quizlet on LE homepage http://www.kenton.k12.ny.us/Page/3908

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