organization rules…

21
Organization rules…

Upload: mireya

Post on 08-Jan-2016

31 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Classification. Organization rules…. Question: What class is this?. How do you know when to come here? Why do you come to this school? Which block is this? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Organization rules…

Organization rules…

Page 2: Organization rules…

Question: What class is this?

How do you know when to come here?

Why do you come to this school?

Which block is this?

The answers to these questions are all based on a system of organization that the school follows. Who made these rules? (my personal favorite question!!)

Page 3: Organization rules…

In Biology……..• The activity that involves grouping and naming is called

classification. • The branch of Biology that involves classification of

organisms is called taxonomy!!

Not to be confused

with taxidermy!

Bring 'em Back Alive —

SORT OF……

Page 4: Organization rules…

Classification systems have 2 main purposes:

1. To identify organisms

2. To provide basis for recognizing groupings/ relationships between organisms

Page 5: Organization rules…

Keep in mind:

• Classification systems are artificial. They are developed by scientists to deal with the great diversity of life

(currently we’ve named 1.5 million organisms…estimates are that there may be as many as 10 million !!!)

Page 6: Organization rules…

What are some practical uses for a biological classification system?

• Good bug, bad bug?

• Berries at the bog…

Page 7: Organization rules…

History of classification (1):

• 4th century BC: Aristotle observed and grouped over 500 different animals.

• At the same time, Theophrastus grouped plants as

herbsshrubstrees

Page 8: Organization rules…

But, with the increase in travel and the invention of the microscope…

we needed a more efficient, effective system to deal with the increase in information.

History of classification (2):

Page 9: Organization rules…

• Introducing…. Carl Linnaeus• Founder of modern Taxonomy

Born in SwedenStudied at many universitiesMade 4600km expedition to Lapland, where he identified100 botanical species1735, he published Systema Naturae, his

classification of plants based on their sexual parts

1707-1778

1707-1778 1707-1778

History of classification (3):

Page 10: Organization rules…

Linneaus:

• Used structural features of organisms• Recognized that the more features have in common, the

closer their relationship• Created rules for assigning names to organisms• Used a two word system for identifying each kind of

organisms: known as bionomial nomenclature

Page 11: Organization rules…

Binomial nomenclature

• It is a two word Latin name

first name is the genus

second name is the species name

• Both together we call the species name

Page 12: Organization rules…

Examples: Genus: Canis, meaning dogSpecies: familiaris, meaning

domesticatedSpecies name: Canis familiaris

Genus: Felis, meaning catSpecies: catus, domestic Species name: Felis

catus

Page 13: Organization rules…

The Advantages of Binomial Nomenclature

• Advantage 1: Descriptions and different names in different languages = confusion!!!

Page 14: Organization rules…

What is it?

an animal with prickly spikes

lives in the water

called an Itik in Inutitut

called an ourson in French

It’s a sea urchin!!

Paracentrotus lividus

Page 15: Organization rules…

Advantage 2: Binomial Nomenclature indicates similarities between organisms.

Example:Genus: Ursus, meaning bear

U. maritimus

U. americanusU. horribilis

Page 16: Organization rules…

Ailuropoda melanoleuca Phascolarctus

cinereus

Fooled you…

not bears at all…

Page 17: Organization rules…

Advantage 3: Common names can be confusing and misleading.

Examples:

A starfish is not a fishEchinodermata (Spiny-skinned Tide Pool Creatures)

Pisaster brevenspinus

Ringworm is not a wormIt’s a skin infection caused by fungus

Page 18: Organization rules…

Advantage 4: People use many words to name the same organism depending on where they live (same language).

Example: puma = cougar = mountain lion = panther

Felis concolor

Page 19: Organization rules…

• Today, we use seven categories by which to classify each type of organism:

• Each category is called a taxon (7 taxa in all)

Kingdom ( most general)Phylum

Class Order

FamilyGenus

(most specific) Species

Page 20: Organization rules…

Examples:

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda

Class Mammalia Mammalia Insecta

Order Primates Primates Diptera

Family Hominidae Pongidae Muscidae

Genus Homo Pan Musca

species sapiens troglodyte domestica

Page 21: Organization rules…

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia

Order Sirenia

Order Cetacea Order Tubulidentata