organizational behaviour 16e attitudes and job satisfacction chapter 3

7/23/2019 Organizational behaviour 16e Attitudes and Job Satisfacction Chapter 3

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Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge)

Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

1) ________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.A) Attitude

B) Behavior C) AppearanceD) Demeanor E) erformanceAns!er" AE#planation" A) Attitudes are evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, aboutobjects, people, or events. $he% reflect ho! one feels about something.&'" 1Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith its

stud%

*) $he statement, +A person !ho eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates doublestandards+ is an evaluative statement. uch an opinion constitutes the ________ component of anattitude.A) cognitiveB) affectiveC) reflectiveD) behavioralE) reactiveAns!er" A

E#planation" A) $he cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the !a%things are, !hich is e#emplified in the statement, +A person !ho eats meat and then fights foranimal rights demonstrates double standards.+&'" 1Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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2) 3hich of the follo!ing statements represents the cognitive component of attitude4A) have decided to inform m% supervisor that !ill be 5uitting m% job.B) intend to !or6 during the !ee6end to meet the month7s deadline.C) feel upset about having to !or6 during Christmas.D) t is disappointing to 6no! that did not get a good evaluation.

E) $his job is not giving me an opportunit% to e#plore m% s6ills.Ans!er" EE#planation" E) $he cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the !a%things are, !hich is e#emplified in the statement, +$his job is not giving me an opportunit% toe#plore m% s6ills.+&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

8) Abigail 9ones is a sales e#ecutive at 'rbit Ban6 in Brussels. he is the best performer on herteam and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the compan%. :o!ever, shefeels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard !or6. During lunch, she sa%s to hercolleague, + have been getting the largest accounts for the ban6 for the past eight months. ;et,m% manager never ac6no!ledges the 6ind of effort put in to get these accounts.+ 3hichcomponent of attitude is being demonstrated b% 9ones4A) positive componentB) cognitive componentC) affective componentD) behavioral componentE) reflective componentAns!er" BE#planation" B) $he cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the !a%things are, !hich is e#emplified in the statement, +-% manager never ac6no!ledges the 6ind ofeffort put in to get these accounts.+&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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0) 3hich of the follo!ing is an e#ample of the affective component of an attitude4A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a projectB) rel%ing on the information of a compan%7s annual reportC) perceiving !histle<blo!ing as the right thing to doD) feeling hurt at being unfairl% accused of a !rongdoing

E) deciding to fire an emplo%ee because of underperformanceAns!er" DE#planation" D) $he affective component refers to the emotional, or feeling, segment of anattitude.&'" 1Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

=) 9ohanna >ouse feels disheartened because she !as not selected for the campaign e#change

program in Amsterdam. 3hich component of an attitude does >ouse7s feeling represent4A) cognitiveB) affectiveC) reflectiveD) behavioralE) reactiveAns!er" BE#planation" B) $he affective component represents the emotional, or feeling, segment of anattitude.&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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?) 9anice :artle% !or6s as a !riter at a fashion magaine in @e! ;or6. he !as recentl% as6ed b% her editor to !rite an article on +1/ must<haves for the autumn season.+ :er editor has no!sent bac6 the article sa%ing it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. 9aniceis upset and disappointed about the feedbac6. 3hich component of an attitude is represented inthis scenario4

A) positive componentB) cognitive componentC) affective componentD) behavioral componentE) evaluative componentAns!er" CE#planation" C) $he emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude is 6no!n as the affectivecomponent. t is reflected in this scenario because 9anice is upset and disappointed about thefeedbac6 received.&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6ills

Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

) imberle% -a%field recentl% evaluated her subordinate7s progress report. he no! plans toinform her about the objectives she did not achieve and ho! she can perform better. B% doingthis, -a%field !ill be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude.A) cognitiveB) affectiveC) reflectiveD) behavioralE) reactiveAns!er" DE#planation" D) $he behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in acertain !a% to!ard someone or something. B% planning to inform her subordinate of her performance, -a%field is demonstrating the behavioral component of attitude.&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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) 3hich of the follo!ing statements is an e#ample of the behavioral component of an attitude4A) have decided to appl% for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.B) am thrilled to 6no! that the human resource department is loo6ing for a climate campaigner.C) $he position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting.D) $he position of a climate campaigner !ill allo! me to e#plore m% s6ills as a campaigner.

E) thin6 the position of a climate campaigner involves e#tensive travel.Ans!er" AE#planation" A) $he behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in acertain !a% to!ard someone or something. $he statement, + have decided to appl% for the position of a campaigner in the climate department+ represents an intention to appl% for the position and demonstrates the behavioral component of attitude.&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and

values

1/) arah -a%er !or6s as a securit% officer and is in charge of 6eeping trac6 of !ho is in theoffice at an% given time. he notices that some emplo%ees do not sign out of the office !hen the%go out for meals, !hich ma6es it difficult to 6eep trac6 of attendance of emplo%ees. Even though-a%er has repeatedl% as6ed the emplo%ees to sign out, the% have not follo!ed her advice. heno! decides to report the issue to her supervisor. 3hich of the follo!ing components of anattitude is being demonstrated b% -a%er4A) affectiveB) behavioralC) positiveD) cognitiveE) 6no!ledgeAns!er" BE#planation" B) $he behavioral component of an attitude is an intention to behave in a certain!a% to!ard someone or something. -a%er7s intention to report the issue to her supervisorrepresents the behavioral component of her attitude.&'" 1AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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11) $he theor% of cognitive dissonance !as proposed b% ________.A) Abraham -aslo!B) &eon estinger C) eert :ofstedeD) Dar%l Bem

E) van etrovich avlovAns!er" BE#planation" B) n the 1=/s, &eon estinger argued that attitudes follo! behavior. estinger proposed that cases of attitude follo!ing behavior illustrate the effects of cognitive dissonance,an% incompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept

1*) 3hich of the follo!ing does cognitive dissonance indicate bet!een t!o or more attitudes or

bet!een behavior and attitudes4A) congruit%B) tenacit%C) solidarit%D) consistenc%E) incompatibilit%Ans!er" EE#planation" E) Cognitive dissonance is defined as an% incompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Discuss the effects of stress in the !or6place and methods of stressmanagement

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12) An% incompatibilit% bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes resultsin ________.A) organiational dissonanceB) cognitive dissonanceC) attitudinal clarification

D) positivit% offsetE) affective reactanceAns!er" BE#planation" B) Cognitive dissonance is defined as an% incompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes. 'rganiationaldissonance, attitudinal clarification, positivit% offset, and affective reactance are not t%pes ofattitude or behavior in 'B.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Discuss the effects of stress in the !or6place and methods of stress

management

18) 9ulie recentl% joined a %outh center as a counselor !ho provides support services for teenagemothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics,should the% decide to avail of such services. $his aspect of her !or6, ho!ever, conflicts !ith herreligious beliefs. :er manager, %le, is a!are of this and e#pects her to submit her resignation atan% time, but 9ulie continues to carr% out her duties in a sincere manner and sho!s no signs of5uitting her job. 3hich of the follo!ing best e#plains this situation4A) 9ulie allo!s her professional life to be dictated b% her religious ideals.B) 9ulie refuses to ac6no!ledge the hard truths of life.C) 9ulie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.D) 9ulie is unable to empathie !ith the teenagers !ho visit the %outh center.E) 9ulie does not realie the importance of her !or6 to societ%.Ans!er" CE#planation" C) n the case of cognitive dissonance, research has generall% concluded that people see6 consistenc% among their attitudes and bet!een their attitudes and their behavior. nthis scenario, 9ulie achieves this consistenc% b% ac6no!ledging the fact that people have thefreedom of choice and this allo!s her to carr% on !or6ing at the %outh center. f 9ulie allo!edher professional life to be dictated b% her religious ideals or did not understand the importance of her !or6 to societ%, then she !ould most li6el% not continue !or6ing at the center. imilarl%, ifshe refused to ac6no!ledge the hard truths of life or !as unable to empathie !ith the teenagers!ho visited the %outh center, then she !ould be more li6el% to resign.&'" *

AACB" >eflective $hin6ingDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Critical $hin6ing&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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onia !or6s as a lab research assistant at rost &abs, !hich conducts trials for cosmetic productssuch as spra%s, d%es, ointments, soaps, and the li6e. he joined the firm right out of college andhas been !or6ing there for almost t!o %ears no!.

10) 3hich of the follo!ing, if true, !ould most strengthen the argument that onia is

e#periencing cognitive dissonance4A) he believes that cosmetics help boost !omen7s self<confidence.B) he believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.C) he majored in pharmacolog% as part of her master7s degree program in college.D) he recentl% received a positive performance revie! from her supervisor.E) he is confounded b% the fact that the cosmetic industr% ra6es in almost F? billion annuall%.Ans!er" BE#planation" B) Cognitive dissonance implies an incompatibilit% bet!een t!o or more attitudesor bet!een behavior and attitudes. f onia believes that testing products on animals is unethicaland %et conducts trials for cosmetic products, !hich !ould most li6el% be conducted on animals,it !ould suggest that she is e#periencing a conflict bet!een her behavior and attitude. f onia

believes that cosmetics help boost !omen7s self<confidence, it !ould !ea6en the argument thatshe is e#periencing cognitive dissonance, as !ould the fact that she majored in pharmacolog%,!hich is a discipline related to the field of cosmetic testing. A positive performance revie! isirrelevant or, at the most, onl% slightl% !ea6ens the argument that she is e#periencing cognitivedissonance. $he fact that onia is confounded b% the annual revenue generated b% the cosmeticindustr% is irrelevant to the argument.&'" *AACB" >eflective $hin6ingDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Critical $hin6ing&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues




1=) 3hich of the follo!ing, if true, !ould !ea6en the argument that onia is e#periencingcognitive dissonance4A) he believes that beaut% is merel% a superficial aspect of one7s personalit%.B) he does not !ear ma6eup as she is a!are of the ingredients that go into ma6ing these products.

C) he recentl% attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used incosmetics.D) he believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers !ith safe products.E) he feels that this field of !or6 does not allo! her to utilie her full potential.Ans!er" DE#planation" D) Cognitive dissonance implies an incompatibilit% bet!een t!o or more attitudesor bet!een behavior and attitudes. f onia believes that research and testing are integral to providing consumers !ith safe products, it !ould suggest that her attitude and behaviorGconducting trials) are in s%nc !ith one another, thereb% !ea6ening the argument that she ise#periencing cognitive dissonance. f she believes that beaut% is a superficial aspect of one7s

personalit% and does not !ear ma6eup because she is a!are of the ingredients that go intoma6ing such products, then it !ould impl% an incongruence bet!een her behavior and attitude,thereb% strengthening the argument. imilarl%, if onia is a!are of the harmful effects of thechemicals used in cosmetics, it !ould strengthen the argument that she is e#periencing cognitivedissonance. f she feels that this field of !or6 does not allo! her to utilie her full potential, it!ould also strengthen the argument for cognitive dissonance.&'" *AACB" >eflective $hin6ingDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Critical $hin6ing&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues




1?) Anna 9onas o!ns a manufacturing firm in ndonesia and strongl% believes that it is importantthat !or6ers7 rights be respected. :o!ever, because of the recent economic meltdo!n, she ma6esthe management pa% !or6ers a !age !hich is belo! ethical standards. n addition, the !or6ingconditions are belo! standards because of lo! investment in safet% e5uipment. he 6no!s heractions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. 9onas is most li6el% to be

e#periencing ________.A) cognitive dissonanceB) emotional contagionC) ethical evasionD) self<concordanceE) positivit% offsetAns!er" AE#planation" A) $here is a contradiction in !hat Anna 9onas is feeling and the situation in !hichshe finds herself. he is e#periencing cognitive dissonance, !hich ma% be defined asincompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behaviorand attitudes.

&'" *AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Discuss the effects of stress in the !or6place and methods of stressmanagement

1) 3hich of the follo!ing statements is most li6el% to be true regarding cognitive dissonance4A) :igh dissonance is accompanied b% high re!ards.B) eople are less inspired to reduce dissonance !hen it is !ithin their control.C) eople are less li6el% to reduce dissonance !hen the behavior is crucial.D) eople are more motivated to reduce dissonance !hen attitudes are important.E) $he desire to reduce dissonance is not affected b% moods and emotions.Ans!er" DE#planation" D) estinger argued that people !ill be more motivated to reduce dissonance !henthe attitudes or behavior are important or !hen the% believe the dissonance is due to somethingthe% can control.&'" *Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept

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1) 9oseph ierce is the managing director of Dra6e Coal o!er lant in @orth ;or6shire. :e6no!s that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team stud%impacts of coal on the environment. After 6no!ing the facts, he faces a high degree ofdissonance bet!een his values and behavior. 3hich of the follo!ing is he most li6el% to do toreduce the dissonance bet!een his belief and behavior4

A) get government sanction to build and develop more po!er plants across the countr%B) increase revenue b% building po!er plants in developing and underdeveloped countriesC) reassure the public that there is no correlation bet!een environment and coal productionD) hire more emplo%ees to fill positions in ne! po!er plant stationsE) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal po!er stationsAns!er" CE#planation" C) estinger proposed that cases of attitude follo!ing behavior illustrate the effectsof cognitive dissonance, an% incompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or moreattitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes. >esearch has generall% concluded that people dosee6 consistenc% among their attitudes and bet!een their attitudes and their behavior. $he% either alter the attitudes or the behavior, or the% develop a rationaliation for the discrepanc%.

&'" *AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application

*/) &eon estinger argued that ________ follo!Gs) ________.A) behaviorH attitudesB) emotionsH attitudeC) attitudesH behavior D) thought processesH moodsE) conductH feelingsAns!er" CE#planation" C) 3hile estinger argued that attitudes follo! behavior, other researchers as6ed!hether there !as an% relationship at all.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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*1) im Anderson !or6s as a campaign manager at an environmental organiation in 'tta!a. nthe past fe! months, she has noticed that one team member, 9anice enneth, has sho!n a lot of potential as the ne#t project lead. :o!ever, Anderson heard from the grapevine that ennethma% be 5uitting the job. he no! needs to 6no! !hether she has the intention to lead thecampaign in the ne#t fe! months, !hich are crucial months for the campaign. 3hich of the

follo!ing 5uestions !ould best help Anderson understand enneth7s intention to!ard the project4A) :o! do %ou li6e %our job on the !hole4B) Do %ou li6e the !or6 culture in the organiation4C) Do %ou see %ourself !or6ing !ith us in the ne#t = months4D) Are %ou motivated enough to achieve all project milestones4E) Are %ou happ% !ith %our overall job performance4Ans!er" CE#planation" C) pecific attitudes tend to predict specific behaviors, !hereas general attitudestend to best predict general behaviors. or instance, as6ing someone about her intention to sta%!ith an organiation for the ne#t = months is li6el% to better predict turnover for that person than

as6ing her ho! satisfied she is !ith her job overall. 'n the other hand, overall job satisfaction!ould better predict a general behavior, such as !hether the individual !as engaged in her !or6or is motivated to contribute to her organiation.&'" *AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

**) 3ith reference to cognitive dissonance, in !hich of the follo!ing situations is the attitude< behavior relationship most li6el% to be strong4A) $he affective component of the attitude is !ea6.B) $he behavior is not affected b% the cognitive component of the attitude.C) $he attitude does not reflect the person7s fundamental values.D) $he behavior is affected b% e#ternal factors and is not entirel% under the control of the person.E) $he attitude refers to something !ith !hich the person has direct e#perience.Ans!er" EE#planation" E) $he attitude<behavior relationship is li6el% to be much stronger if an attituderefers to something !ith !hich a person has direct personal e#perience.&'" *Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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*2) 3hich of the follo!ing is true !ith regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships4A) Attitudes that our memories can easil% access are more li6el% to predict our behavior.B) eneral attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors.C) Attitudes are less li6el% to be remembered if fre5uentl% e#pressed or tal6ed about.D) $he relationship bet!een an attitude and a behavior is !ea6er if an attitude involves a direct

relation to personal e#perience.E) Conflicts bet!een attitudes and behavior occur !hen there are no social pressures.Ans!er" AE#planation" A) Attitudes that our memories can easil% access are more li6el% to predict our behavior. 'ne !ould be more li6el% to remember attitudes one fre5uentl% e#presses. o the moreone tal6s about an attitude on a subject, the more li6el% one is to remember it, and the moreli6el% it is to shape a behavior.&'" *Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and

values

*8) 3hich of the follo!ing is most li6el% to be related to reduced absences and lo!er resignationrates4A) high job involvementB) high cognitive dissonanceC) lo! ps%chological empo!ermentD) lo! organiational commitmentE) high emotional contagionAns!er" AE#planation" A) :igh job involvement is related to reduced absences and lo!er resignationrates.&'" 2Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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*0) ________ refers to a positive feeling about one7s job resulting from an evaluation of itscharacteristics.A) 9ob satisfactionB) 9ob designC) ositivit% offset

D) Constructive dismissalE) ic6etingAns!er" AE#planation" A) 3hen people spea6 of emplo%ee attitudes, the% usuall% mean job satisfaction,!hich describes a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.A person !ith a high level of job satisfaction holds positive feelings about his or her job, !hile a person !ith a lo! level holds negative feelings.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith its

stud%

*=) 3hich of the follo!ing statements represents a person7s job attitude4A) enjo% m% !or6 because it offers me challenges and helps me hone m% net!or6ing s6ills.B) believe m% !or6 has a direct impact on the processes of the organiation.C) believe m% !or6 performance indicates m% caliber and potential.D) agree !ith the organiation about its commitment to the environment.E) believe in the organiation7s objectives about supporting the underprivileged.Ans!er" AE#planation" A) 3hen people spea6 of emplo%ee attitudes, the% usuall% mean job satisfaction,!hich describes a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.A person !ith a high level of job satisfaction holds positive feelings about his or her job, !hile a person !ith a lo! level holds negative feelings.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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*?) 3hich of the follo!ing actions best represents ell%7s high job involvement4A) ell% al!a%s complains about her !or6 to her colleagues.B) ell% activel% ta6es part in team activities and proactivel% ta6es up additional jobresponsibilities.C) ell% shares the organiation7s vision of supporting rene!able energ%.

D) ell% disli6es the unethical practices follo!ed b% her emplo%er.E) ell% !ants to continue !or6ing for the organiation because man% of her college friends are!or6ing there.Ans!er" BE#planation" B) 9ob involvement measures the degree to !hich people identif% ps%chologicall%!ith their job and consider their perceived performance level important to self<!orth. Emplo%ees!ith a high level of job involvement strongl% identif% !ith and reall% care about the 6ind of !or6 the% do.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate

(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

*) :igh levels of both job involvement and ps%chological empo!erment are positivel% relatedto ________.A) !ithdra!al behavior B) positivit% offsetC) organiational citienshipD) emotional contagionE) cognitive dissonanceAns!er" CE#planation" C) :igh levels of both job involvement and ps%chological empo!erment are positivel% related to organiational citienship and job performance.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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*) Emplo%ees7 beliefs in the degree to !hich the% influence their !or6 environment, theircompetence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonom% is termed as ________.A) ps%chological empo!ermentB) organiational dissent

C) organiational commitmentD) emplo%ee engagementE) secondar% actionAns!er" AE#planation" A) Emplo%ees7 beliefs in the degree to !hich the% influence their !or6environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonom% istermed as ps%chological empo!erment.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

2/) $he degree to !hich a person identifies !ith his or her job, activel% participates in it, andconsiders his or her performance as being important to self<!orth is referred to as ________.A) emotional contagionB) job involvementC) job stabilit%D) emotional dissonanceE) direct actionAns!er" BE#planation" B) 9ob involvement measures the degree to !hich people identif% ps%chologicall%!ith their job and consider their perceived performance level important to self<!orth. Emplo%ees!ith a high level of job involvement strongl% identif% !ith and reall% care about the 6ind of !or6 the% do.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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21) n her !or6 in the publishing industr%, Iera &orano see6s out ne! authors !ho sheconsiders promising. n the past t!o %ears, she has found a number of ne! !riters !hose !or6she thought !as e#ceptional and immersed herself in the tas6 of helping them shape theirmanuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she !as e#tremel% proudof the results, none of the authors she !or6ed !ith !ere chosen for publication. After learning

about her management7s decision, she is e#tremel% frustrated and is beginning to resent the jobshe does. :o!ever, she 6no!s there is nothing she can do and continues !or6ing because of thegood per6s and salar% benefits the job offers. :o! can &orano7s job attitude be best described4A) lo! job involvementB) lo! job satisfactionC) high ps%chological empo!ermentD) high positivit% offsetE) lo! emotional contagionAns!er" BE#planation" B) Iera is beginning to have a negative feeling to!ard her job resulting in lo! jobsatisfaction. he believes that she has invested tremendousl% in the organiation, !hich sho!s a

high job involvement. he also demonstrates a lo! ps%chological empo!erment because shesuccumbs to the situation and feels there is nothing she can do to ma6e the situation better.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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2*) Ben has been !or6ing as a process e#ecutive at an accounting firm for the past t!o %ears. Ahard !or6er, his !or6 is of good 5ualit% and he often puts in e#tra hours at the office to ensurehis schedules are on trac6. @oticing his efforts, the management offers him a */ percent hi6e.$!o months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organiation, at a senior position. 3hich of the follo!ing best e#plains this situation4

A) Ben felt the hi6e !as un!arranted.B) Ben, though highl% s6illed, lac6ed ambition.C) Ben !as motivated b% the prospect of e#trinsic re!ards.D) Ben found his !or6 to be routine and monotonous.E) Ben !as gunning for a position at the competing firm all along.Ans!er" DE#planation" D) Even if Ben !ere a highl% competent emplo%ee, he !ould be more li6el% to 5uitin spite of the salar% hi6e if he found his !or6 to be routine and monotonous. $his implies a lac6of job satisfaction and involvement. f Ben felt the hi6e !as un!arranted, it !ould still not drivehim to resign from the firm. imilarl%, if Ben !ere motivated b% the e#trinsic re!ards, it !ouldnot e#plain his leaving the firm as he !as given a salar% hi6e. t cannot be argued that Ben

lac6ed ambition as he found emplo%ment !ith another firm, at a senior position. t also cannot beargued that Ben !as aiming for a position at the competing firm all along, because he !or6ed asa process e#ecutive for t!o %ears and he joined a startup compan%.&'" 2AACB" >eflective $hin6ingDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Critical $hin6ing&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

22) 3hich of the follo!ing 5uestions best helps understand an emplo%ee7s organiationalcommitment4A) Do %ou feel %ou have a good !or6ing relationship !ith team members4B) Do %ou feel the organiation !ill ta6e care of %ou and %our famil% in times of need4C) Do %ou enjo% %our !or6 even in the face of challenges4D) Does the organiation provide valuable feedbac6 to help %ou increase productivit%4E) Do %ou believe in the organiation7s objective on sustainable !or6 practices4Ans!er" EE#planation" E) $he degree to !hich an emplo%ee identifies !ith a particular organiation andits goals and !ishes to maintain membership in the organiation is referred to as organiationalcommitment.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%

(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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28) 'rganiational commitment is defined as ________.A) the degree to !hich emplo%ees identif% !ith the organiation the% !or6 for and its goalsB) the state of discord caused b% opposition of values bet!een people !or6ing together C) the degree to !hich an emplo%ee7s sense of cognitive dissonance is related to hisJher jobD) the emplo%ee7s degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organiational practices

E) the degree to !hich emplo%ees believe their !or6 impacts their organiation significantl%Ans!er" AE#planation" A) $he degree to !hich an emplo%ee identifies !ith a particular organiation andits goals and !ishes to maintain membership in the organiation is 6no!n as organiationalcommitment.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

20) $he human resource department of :ealth% Eating, a chain of health food stores, recentl%conducted a surve% to anal%e emplo%ee commitment. 3hich of the follo!ing statements is mostli6el% to indicate a high degree of organiational commitment4A) am a great believer in the importance of a health% diet and this is !h% am glad to be!or6ing for a compan% that is tr%ing to ma6e simple, health% food available to all.B) enjo% !or6ing for :ealth% Eating because of the gro!th prospects that it offers and the !iderange of responsibilities each one of us has.C) Even though onl% !or6 in the production department, it7s good to 6no! that m% feedbac6gets considered during our interactive in<house sessions.D) $he challenging nature of the !or6 and the thoughtful and generous !a% the firm treats itsstaff has made :ealth% Eating the best place have ever !or6ed in.E) -% compan% offers me good per6s and benefits.Ans!er" AE#planation" A) $he degree to !hich an emplo%ee identifies !ith a particular organiation andits goals and !ishes to maintain membership in the organiation is referred to as organiationalcommitment.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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2=) ________ is the degree to !hich emplo%ees believe the organiation values their contributionand cares about their !ell<being.A) s%chological empo!ermentB) Emplo%ee engagementC) erceived organiational support

D) 'rganiational commitmentE) 9ob involvementAns!er" CE#planation" C) erceived organiational support G') is the degree to !hich emplo%ees believe the organiation values their contribution and cares about their !ell<being. >esearchsho!s that people perceive their organiation as supportive !hen re!ards are deemed fair, !henemplo%ees have a voice in decisions, and !hen the% see their supervisors as supportive.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

2?) 3hich of the follo!ing 5uestions best helps understand the degree of perceivedorganiational support among emplo%ees4A) Do %ou believe that emplo%ee engagement has a large impact on productivit%4B) Do %ou believe there is sufficient emplo%ee engagement in %our department4C) Do %our beliefs align !ith the organiation7s vision and long<term goals4D) Do %ou feel the long<term goals on sustainable !or6 practices are !or6able4E) Do %ou feel the organiation has sufficient recognition re!ards to value good !or64Ans!er" EE#planation" E) erceived organiational support G') is the degree to !hich emplo%ees believe the organiation values their contribution and cares about their !ell<being. >esearchsho!s that people perceive their organiation as supportive !hen re!ards are deemed fair, !henemplo%ees have a voice in decisions, and !hen the% see their supervisors as supportive.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

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2) &illian tintson !or6s for a global !omen7s rights organiation. n the past fe! months, shehas traveled across the globe for the campaign she !as !or6ing on. n addition, she has been!or6ing !ee6ends to meet campaign milestones. he has no! decided to ta6e a month7s holida%to rela# and get a much<needed brea6. he 6no!s that the organiation !ill understand her needfor a long holida%. 3hich of the follo!ing best represents tintson7s feeling4

A) lo! emplo%ee engagementB) high perceived organiational supportC) lo! organiational commitmentD) lo! job involvementE) high interest in !histle<blo!ingAns!er" BE#planation" B) erceived organiational support G') is the degree to !hich emplo%ees believe the organiation values their contribution and cares about their !ell<being.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate

(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

2) Emplo%ees are most li6el% to perceive their organiation as supportive !hen ________.A) the% e#perience a cognitive dissonance bet!een their job attitude and behavior B) the affective component of the attitude is e#tremel% strongC) there is a !ea6 relationship bet!een their attitude and behavior D) the% have a voice in decisionsE) the% e#perience an emotional contagion !hile performing their job dutiesAns!er" DE#planation" D) eople perceive their organiation as supportive !hen re!ards are deemed fair,!hen emplo%ees have a voice in decisions, and !hen the% see their supervisors as supportive.&'" 2Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

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8/) Antonio uillermo7s !ife !as recentl% diagnosed !ith breast cancer. uillermo had to ta6e aconsiderable amount of time off !or6 to care for their children, and he !as late in completing his portion of a large project. uillermo never feared that his job !as in jeopard% because of hisabsences or his dela% in completion of !or6. @ame the major job attitude associated !ith thise#ample.

A) ps%chological empo!ermentB) perceived organiational supportC) organiational commitmentD) emplo%ee engagementE) job involvementAns!er" BE#planation" B) uillermo believed that his organiation !ould be supportive through his timeof stress. $his major job attitude is called perceived organiational support. $he belief and sensethat a person has an effect in the !or6 environment is ps%chological empo!erment.'rganiational commitment, the degree to !hich a person identifies !ith the organiation, and job involvement, the degree to !hich a person identifies !ith the job and participates in it, are

both considered major job attitudes, as is emplo%ee engagement, a person7s involvement !ith the job, but these !ere not !hat calmed uillermo7s fears.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

81) Br%an Eusebius has a positive attitude to!ard his organiation. :e feels the managementtreats all emplo%ees fairl% in matters concerning re!ards, is understanding to!ard their needsand re5uirements, and allo!s them to have a voice in decisions. Br%an7s attitude to!ard hisorganiation is indicative of ________.A) emotional contagionB) positivit% offsetC) perceived organiational supportD) cognitive dissonanceE) self<concordanceAns!er" CE#planation" C) erceived organiational support G') is the degree to !hich emplo%ees believe the organiation values their contribution and cares about their !ell<being. >esearchsho!s that people perceive their organiation as supportive !hen re!ards are deemed fair, !henemplo%ees have a voice in decisions, and !hen the% see their supervisors as supportive.&'" 2AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Appl% the stud% of perception and attribution to the !or6place

**




8*) An individual7s involvement !ith, satisfaction !ith, and enthusiasm for the !or6 heJshe performs is 6no!n as ________.A) emplo%ee engagementB) cognitive dissonanceC) emotional contagion

D) positivit% offsetE) self<concordanceAns!er" AE#planation" A) Emplo%ee engagement refers to an individual7s involvement !ith, satisfaction!ith, and enthusiasm for, the !or6 heJshe does. :ighl% engaged emplo%ees have a passion fortheir !or6 and feel a deep connection to their compan% !hereas disengaged emplo%ees put intime but not energ% or attention into their !or6.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith its

stud%

82) 3hich of the follo!ing is most li6el% to be a characteristic of disengaged emplo%ees4A) $he% feel a deep connection for their organiation.B) $he% have a sense of passion for their !or6.C) $he% have the lo!est levels of turnover.D) $he% put in time but give no attention to their !or6.E) $he% proactivel% ta6e up responsibilities.Ans!er" DE#planation" D) Emplo%ee engagement refers to an individual7s involvement !ith, satisfaction!ith, and enthusiasm for the !or6 the% do. :ighl% engaged emplo%ees have a passion for their!or6 and feel a deep connection to their compan%. 'n the other hand, disengaged emplo%ees putin time but not energ% or attention into their !or6.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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88) $he human resource department of almer nc. is aiming to understand the degree ofemplo%ee engagement in the organiation. 3hich of the follo!ing statements !ould best helpthem in the process4A) Do %ou believe in the organiation7s five<%ear plan4B) Do %ou believe the organiation is concerned about %our !ell<being4

C) Do %ou enjo% %our ever%da% tas6s and achieving project milestones4D) Do %ou feel the organiation values %our !or64E) Do %ou agree !ith the organiation7s stand on sustainable !or6 practices4Ans!er" CE#planation" C) Emplo%ee engagement refers to an individual7s involvement !ith, satisfaction!ith, and enthusiasm for the !or6 he or she does.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

80) 3hich of the follo!ing statements is most li6el% to be true about the major job attitudes4A) $he% are highl% distinct from one another.B) $he% are generall% resistant to change.C) $he% tend to overlap one another.D) $he% are not correlated to one another.E) $he% increase cognitive dissonance.Ans!er" CE#planation" C) Evidence suggests that job attitudes are highl% related. $here is somedistinctiveness among them, but the% overlap greatl%, for various reasons including theemplo%ee7s personalit%.&'" 2Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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8=) $he business head at olaris ervices !as alarmed b% the finding of a recent surve%conducted in<house !hich revealed that most emplo%ees !ere dissatisfied !ith their !or6. :eholds a meeting !ith various department heads to identif% !a%s to stem the bre!ing discontent.'ne manager suggests providing emplo%ees !ith greater training opportunities. 3hatassumption is the manager ma6ing4

A) Emplo%ees feel that their efforts are not being ade5uatel% recognied b% the management.B) Emplo%ees are highl% s6illed and value economic re!ards over and above opportunities forgro!th.C) Emplo%ees are stifled b% the degree of centralied control and bureaucrac% !ithin theorganiation.D) Emplo%ees feel that their emplo%er does not value them enough to ma6e investments in them.E) Emplo%ees feel e#cluded from organiational issues that have an influence on them.Ans!er" DE#planation" D) iven that the manager suggests providing emplo%ees !ith more opportunitiesfor training, he is most li6el% assuming that emplo%ees feel dissatisfied because their emplo%er isnot investing in their gro!th and development. t !ould be incorrect to assume that emplo%ees

are highl% s6illed and value economic re!ards over and above opportunities for gro!th as thisdirectl% conflicts !ith the manager7s suggestion of providing emplo%ees !ith trainingopportunities. t !ould also be !rong to assume that emplo%ees are feeling e#cluded fromorganiational issues, are stifled b% the degree of centralied control and bureaucrac%, and aree#periencing a lac6 of recognition as these are not directl% related to training.&'" 8AACB" >eflective $hin6ingDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Critical $hin6ing&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

8?) 3hich of the follo!ing statements is true about measuring job satisfaction4A) $he single global rating s%stem is not ver% time consuming.B) $he summation of job facets approach ta6es into account cognitive dissonance e#perienced b%emplo%ees.C) $he summation of job facets approach prevents managers from eroing in on problems.D) $he summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular 5uestion.E) $he single global rating approach is rarel% used for measuring job satisfaction.Ans!er" AE#planation" A) $he single global rating s%stem as !ell as the summation of job facets are t!o popular approaches of measuring job satisfaction. $he single global rating method is not ver%time consuming, thus freeing time for other tas6s, and the summation of job facets helps

managers ero in on problems and deal !ith them faster and more accuratel%.&'" 8Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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8) 3hich of the follo!ing is true about the correlation bet!een salar% and job satisfaction4A) a% is not related to job satisfaction for emplo%ees in underdeveloped countries.B) alar% and per6s do not have a role in overall happiness of emplo%ees from poor countries.C) a% does not pla% a critical role in job satisfaction !hen an individual reaches a level ofcomfortable living.

D) inancial per6s and benefits al!a%s create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living.E) :igh salar% level al!a%s creates organiational commitment.Ans!er" CE#planation" C) or people !ho are poor or !ho live in poor countries, pa% does correlate !ith job satisfaction and overall happiness. But once an individual reaches a level of comfortableliving Gin the Knited tates, that occurs at about F8/,/// a %ear, depending on the region andfamil% sie), the relationship bet!een pa% and job satisfaction virtuall% disappears. eople !hoearn F/,/// are, on average, no happier !ith their jobs than those !ho earn closer to F8/,///.&'" 0Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept

&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

8) n ndonesia, comfortable living occurs at about F2/,///. Based on the measurement ofcomfortable living, !hich of the follo!ing is most li6el% to be true4A) eople earning appro#imatel% F*0,/// are content !ith their jobs.B) eople earning belo! F2/,/// are as happ% !ith jobs as those earning F20,///.C) eople earning belo! F2/,/// e#perience a positive correlation bet!een pa% and jobsatisfaction.D) eople earning F0/,/// have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning F8/,///.E) eople7s earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if the% earn F*0,///.Ans!er" CE#planation" C) or people !ho are poor or !ho live in poor countries, pa% does correlate !ith job satisfaction and overall happiness. But once an individual reaches a level of comfortableliving Gin the Knited tates, that occurs at about F8/,/// a %ear, depending on the region andfamil% sie), the relationship bet!een pa% and job satisfaction virtuall% disappears. eople !hoearn F/,/// are, on average, no happier !ith their jobs than those !ho earn closer to F8/,///.&'" 0AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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0/) Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and !or6 in @e! ;or6 Cit%. Comfortableliving in @e! ;or6 occurs at about F8/,/// a %ear. Charles ma6es F*8,/// a %ear, Anna ma6esF2/,/// a %ear, Elle ma6es F0/,/// a %ear, and Adam ma6es F?0,/// a %ear. 3hich of thefollo!ing is most li6el% to be true !ith reference to correlation bet!een pa% and job satisfaction4A) Charles is more satisfied !ith his job in comparison !ith Anna.

B) Anna is more satisfied !ith the job than Adam.C) Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pa%.D) Elle and Adam are most li6el% to have a similar level of job satisfaction.E) Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pa%.Ans!er" DE#planation" D) >esearch sho!s that once a person earns a comfortable living, the correlation bet!een pa% and job satisfaction disappears. $hus, in this scenario, Elle and Adam are li6el% to be e5uall% satisfied !ith their jobs. or those earning under the amount of comfortable living, pa% is related to job satisfaction.&'" 0AACB" Anal%tic 6ills

Difficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

01) Dennis alvan !or6s as a campaigner at reen Earth, an environmental organiation. Ever%month, his organiation arranges a team outing !here the% indulge in football and other team< building activities. $he human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions bet!een emplo%ees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the informationgiven in this case, !hich of the follo!ing is most li6el% to be the reason for alvan7s high levelof satisfaction to!ard his job4A) salar% pac6agingB) promotion and gro!thC) constructive dismissalD) social conte#tE) profile of !or6 Ans!er" DE#planation" D) $here is a strong correspondence bet!een ho! !ell people enjo% the socialconte#t of their !or6place and ho! satisfied the% are overall. nterdependence, feedbac6, socialsupport, and interaction !ith co<!or6ers outside the !or6place are strongl% related to jobsatisfaction even after accounting for characteristics of the !or6 itself.&'" 0AACB" Anal%tic 6ills

Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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0*) Christina :utchins !as recentl% recruited b% a publishing firm in -anhattan. During her firstmonth in the job, she demonstrated positive core self<evaluations. 3hich of the follo!ing did shemost li6el% do4A) mentioned that she !as confident about her basic competenceB) e#pressed dissatisfied !ith the nature of !or6

C) set less ambiguous goals and objectivesD) gave up easil% on tas6s !hen faced !ith difficultiesE) did not consider her !or6 as challenging and fulfillingAns!er" AE#planation" A) eople !ho have positive core self<evaluations are those !ho believe in theirinner !orth and basic competence and are more satisfied !ith their jobs than those !ith negativecore self<evaluations. @ot onl% do the% see their !or6 as more fulfilling and challenging, the% arealso more li6el% to gravitate to!ard challenging jobs in the first place.&'" 0Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application

&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

02) Emplo%ees !ith positive core self<evaluations believe in their inner !orth and basiccompetence and are more satisfied !ith their jobs than those !ith negative core self<evaluations.$he concept of positive core self<evaluations indicates that ________.A) promotions and gro!th opportunities influence job satisfactionB) emplo%ees should be regularl% monitored and provided feedbac6 C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfactionD) personalit% pla%s a role in job satisfactionE) pa% al!a%s has a direct correlation !ith job satisfactionAns!er" DE#planation" D) 9ob satisfaction is not just about job conditions. ersonalit% also pla%s a role init. >esearch has sho!n that people !ho have positive core self<evaluations, !ho believe in theirinner !orth and basic competence, are more satisfied !ith their jobs than those !ith negativecore self<evaluations.&'" 0Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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08) $he e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6 aids in understanding the conse5uences of ________.A) increasing gro!th opportunitiesB) emotional contagionC) dissatisfaction

D) regular feedbac6 E) high emplo%ee engagementAns!er" CE#planation" C) $he theoretical model of the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6 is helpful inunderstanding the conse5uences of dissatisfaction.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

00) $he ________ response includes activel% and constructivel% attempting to improveconditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems !ith superiors, andunderta6ing some forms of union activit%.A) e#itB) voiceC) lo%alt%D) neglectE) acceptanceAns!er" BE#planation" B) $he voice response includes activel% and constructivel% attempting to improveconditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems !ith superiors, andunderta6ing some forms of union activit%.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

*




0=) :enr% :utchins is discontent !ith his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man !ho!ill do !hatever is necessar% to reduce his dissatisfaction !ith the job. :e has decided to just!ait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. :enr%7s response to this problem is termed as ________.A) e#it

B) voiceC) lo%alt%D) neglectE) ratificationAns!er" CE#planation" C) $he lo%alt% response means passivel% but optimisticall% !aiting for conditionsto improve, including spea6ing up for the organiation in the face of e#ternal criticism andtrusting the organiation and its management to +do the right thing.+&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate

(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

0?) usan Daniels !or6s for an event management compan% and is discontent !ith her job because she !as passed over for a promotion. he has no! composed a list of concerns and plansto discuss the issue !ith her supervisor. Daniels7 response to the problem is referred to as ________.A) e#itB) voiceC) lo%alt%D) neglectE) acceptanceAns!er" BE#planation" B) According to the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6, the voice responseincludes activel% and constructivel% attempting to improve conditions, including suggestingimprovements, discussing problems !ith superiors, and underta6ing some forms of unionactivit%.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

2/




0) -aria 3omac6 !or6s for a ban6 in -ichigan and is dissatisfied !ith the !a% her managertreats her. he is planning to 5uit her job and find a ne! position !ith another competitor ban6.:er action represents the ________ response.A) e#itB) voice

C) lo%alt%D) neglectE) acceptanceAns!er" AE#planation" A) $he e#it response, according to the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6,directs behavior to!ard leaving the organiation, including loo6ing for a ne! position as !ell asresigning.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application


0) teve 3erner is unhapp% !ith his job and ta6es ever% possible vacation and sic6 da% to avoidgoing to !or6. n addition, !henever he goes to !or6, he sho!s up late and s6ips importantmeetings. 3erner is e#pressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response.A) e#itB) voiceC) lo%alt%D) acceptanceE) neglectAns!er" EE#planation" E) According to the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6, the neglect response passivel% allo!s conditions to !orsen and includes chronic absenteeism or lateness, reducedeffort, and increased error rate.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

21




=/) 9oe Daile% is unhapp% !ith his job because he has not received the promotion due to himseveral %ears ago. :o!ever, in spite of this, he spea6s up to support his compan%7s actions even!hen the local ne!spaper is criticiing them. 3hich of the follo!ing t%pes of responserepresents his behavior4A) e#it

B) voiceC) lo%alt%D) neglectE) acceptanceAns!er" CE#planation" C) According to the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6, the lo%alt% responsemeans passivel% but optimisticall% !aiting for conditions to improve.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application


=1) arah -a%er !or6s as a mar6eting e#ecutive and has been unhapp% !ith her job profile forseveral months no!. 'ver the months, she has regularl% discussed !ith her manager ho! hers6ills lie in administrative tas6s instead of in mar6eting. n addition, she discusses ho! she canma6e a smooth transition into the administrative role. 3hich t%pe of response is -a%er using inthis situation4A) e#itB) voiceC) lo%alt%D) neglectE) performanceAns!er" BE#planation" B) According to the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6, the voice responseincludes activel% and constructivel% attempting to improve conditions, including suggestingimprovements, discussing problems !ith superiors, and underta6ing some forms of unionactivit%.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and

values

2*




=*) Attending union meetings as a !a% of coping !ith job dissatisfaction is an e#ample of aGn) ________ response.A) e#itB) voiceC) lo%alt%

D) neglectE) ratificationAns!er" BE#planation" B) According to the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6, the voice responseincludes activel% and constructivel% attempting to improve conditions, including suggestingimprovements, discussing problems !ith superiors, and underta6ing some forms of unionactivit%.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes and

values

=2) $o get his compan% through some hard economic times, Ben7s !or6ing hours have just beenreduced from 8/ hours a !ee6 to 22. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pa%, but hesho!s up at !or6 ever% morning and is !illing to patientl% !ait until economic times improveand he can go bac6 to !or6ing full time. 3hich of the follo!ing t%pes of response is beingdispla%ed b% Ben4A) voiceB) neglectC) lo%alt%D) e#itE) acceptanceAns!er" CE#planation" C) Ben demonstrates lo%alt% to the compan% and passivel% !aits for things toimprove, !hich is a constructive response. Ben is not voicing his negative feelings about less!or6, continues to sho! up for !or6, and does not neglect his duties. :e is passive, rather thanactive, in his behavior.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

22




=8) 3hich of the follo!ing is a t%pe of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive4A) lo%alt%B) neglectC) voice

D) reflectE) e#itAns!er" AE#planation" A) &o%alt% is considered a passive constructive response to dissatisfaction.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

=0) $he performance variables productivit%, absenteeism, and turnover are generall% considered

a part of the ________ behaviors in the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6.A) voice and neglectB) neglect and lo%alt%C) voice and e#itD) lo%alt% and voiceE) e#it and neglectAns!er" EE#planation" E) n the e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6, the e#it response directs behaviorto!ard leaving the organiation, including loo6ing for a ne! position as !ell as resigning. $heneglect response passivel% allo!s conditions to !orsen and includes chronic absenteeism orlateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate. E#it and neglect behaviors encompass the performance variablesLproductivit%, absenteeism, and turnover.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

28




==) $he e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6 e#pands emplo%ee response to include voice andlo%alt%Lconstructive behaviors that allo! individuals to ________.A) revolt against the managementB) reject unioniation and focus on team<building activitiesC) identif% ps%chologicall% !ith their jobs

D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactor% !or6ing conditionsE) decrease emotional contagionAns!er" DE#planation" D) $he e#it<voice<lo%alt%<neglect frame!or6 e#pands emplo%ee response toinclude voice and lo%alt%Lconstructive behaviors that allo! individuals to tolerate unpleasantsituations or revive satisfactor% !or6ing conditions.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

=?) ________ is moderatel% correlated !ith organiational citienship behavior.A) Emotional contagionB) 9ob satisfactionC) AbsenteeismD) $urnover rateE) Cognitive dissonanceAns!er" BE#planation" B) 9ob satisfaction is moderatel% correlated !ith organiational citienship behavior.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

20




=) 9ob dissatisfaction is more li6el% to translate into ________ !hen emplo%ees feel or perceivethe% have man% available alternatives and !hen emplo%ees have high human capital.A) high productivit%B) emplo%ee engagementC) increased customer satisfaction

D) turnover E) organiational citienship behavior Ans!er" DE#planation" D) 9ob dissatisfaction is more li6el% to translate into turnover !hen emplo%mentopportunities are plentiful because emplo%ees perceive it is eas% to move. 3hen emplo%ees havehigh human capitalLi.e., high education, high abilit%Ljob dissatisfaction is more li6el% totranslate into turnover because the% have, or perceive, man% available alternatives.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith its

stud%

=) Knder !hich of the follo!ing conditions is job dissatisfaction most li6el% to result inturnover4A) Emplo%ees have negative core self<evaluation.B) Emplo%ees have high education and abilit%.C) Emplo%ment opportunities are scarce.D) Emplo%ees e#perience emotional contagion.E) Emplo%ees have supportive relationships !ith their co<!or6ers.Ans!er" BE#planation" B) 9ob dissatisfaction is more li6el% to translate into turnover !hen emplo%mentopportunities are plentiful because emplo%ees perceive it is eas% to move. n addition, !henemplo%ees have high human capitalLi.e., high education, high abilit%Ljob dissatisfaction ismore li6el% to translate into turnover because the% have, or perceive, man% available alternatives.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

2=




?/) 9ob dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships !ith co<!or6ers predict a variet% of behaviors organiations find undesirable, including unioniation attempts, substance abuse,undue socialiing, and tardiness. $hese behaviors are indicators of a broader s%ndrome called ________.A) emplo%ee !ithdra!al

B) organiational commitmentC) job involvementD) cognitive dissonanceE) positivit% offsetAns!er" AE#planation" A) 9ob dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships !ith co<!or6ers predict avariet% of behaviors organiations find undesirable, including unioniation attempts, substanceabuse, stealing at !or6, undue socialiing, and tardiness. >esearchers argue these behaviors areindicators of a broader s%ndrome called deviant behavior in the !or6place Gor counterproductive behavior or emplo%ee !ithdra!al).&'" =

Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

?1) >ashid is dissatisfied at !or6. :e feels he is paid too little and as6ed to do too much. $ocompensate for his perceived unjust pa%, he regularl% ta6es !or6 supplies, such as computer in6cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper, home for personal use. >ashid7s behavior is an e#ampleof ________.A) emplo%ee 'CBB) customer satisfactionC) high productivit%D) turnover rateE) deviant behavior Ans!er" EE#planation" E) 9ob dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships !ith co<!or6ers predict avariet% of behaviors organiations find undesirable, including unioniation attempts, substanceabuse, stealing at !or6, undue socialiing, and tardiness. >esearchers argue these behaviors areindicators of a broader s%ndrome called deviant behavior in the !or6place Gor counterproductive behavior or emplo%ee !ithdra!al).&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate


2?




?*) 9ason has been spending a great deal of !or6 time tal6ing to his co<!or6ers about ho!dissatisfied he is !ith the job. :e also has spent 5uite a bit of time discussing unioniation. n thelast !ee6, 9ason has arrived at !or6 into#icated t!ice. :is behavior can be classified as ________ behavior.A) citienship

B) deviantC) organiational commitmentD) positive affectE) satisficingAns!er" BE#planation" B) 9ob dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships !ith co<!or6ers predict avariet% of behaviors organiations find undesirable, including unioniation attempts, substanceabuse, stealing at !or6, undue socialiing, and tardiness. >esearchers argue these behaviors areindicators of a broader s%ndrome called deviant behavior in the !or6place Gor counterproductive behavior or emplo%ee !ithdra!al).&'" =

AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

?2) %nerg% nc. is a medium<sied logistics compan%. $he management is facing tough times asthe !or6ers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant !or6place behaviors suchas stealing and substance abuse during !or6ing hours. $he management is considering variousoptions to curb these counterproductive behaviors. 3hat !ould be a better !a% to deal !ith suchforms of !or6place deviance4A) $he management should let emplo%ees realie their !rongdoing on their o!n.B) $he management should attac6 the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction.C) $he management must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flo! of !or6.D) $he management must suspend emplo%ees !ho engage in deviant !or6place behaviors.E) $he management must restrict the activities that adversel% affect productivit%.Ans!er" BE#planation" B) 3or6ers !ho do not li6e their jobs +get even+ in various !a%s. ince those!a%s can be 5uite creative, controlling onl% one behavior, such as introduction of an absencecontrol polic%, leaves the root cause untouched. $o effectivel% control the undesirableconse5uences of job dissatisfaction, emplo%ers should attac6 the source of the problem, i.e., thedissatisfaction rather than tr% to control the different responses.&'" =

AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

2




?8) 3h% should managers be interested in their emplo%ees7 attitudes4A) $he% result from behavior.B) $he% lead to self<concordance.C) $he% give !arnings of potential problems.D) $he% result in emotional contagion.

E) $he% result in cognitive dissonance.Ans!er" CE#planation" C) -anagers should be interested in their emplo%ees7 attitudes because attitudesgive !arnings of potential problems and influence behavior, resulting in higher or lo!er profitsand productivit%. ome researchers believe that attitudes follo! behavior, not the other !a%around. Although negative attitudes can cause problems, there are man% positive reasonsmanagers should loo6 at job attitudes. 9ob satisfaction and attitudes in the Knited tates aregenerall% high. Cognitive dissonance is the result of a disparit% bet!een an attitude and a behavior.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%


?0) $he most important thing a manager can do to raise emplo%ee satisfaction is to focus on ________.A) emplo%ee pa%B) benefitsC) !or6 hoursD) intrinsic parts of the jobE) emplo%ee productivit%Ans!er" DE#planation" D) $he most important thing managers can do to raise emplo%ee satisfaction isfocus on the intrinsic parts of the job, such as ma6ing the !or6 challenging and interesting.Although pa%ing emplo%ees poorl% !ill li6el% not attract high<5ualit% emplo%ees to theorganiation or 6eep high performers, managers should realie that high pa% alone is unli6el% tocreate a satisf%ing !or6 environment.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

2




?=) A satisfied !or6force does not guarantee successful organiational performance. n order toimprove organiational effectiveness, managers ________.A) must use 2=/<degrees appraisal proceduresB) must provide classroom trainingC) must ma6e jobs easier and targets achievable

D) must offer periodic salar% incrementsE) must tr% to improve emplo%ee attitudesAns!er" EE#planation" E) Creating a satisfied !or6 force is hardl% a guarantee of successfulorganiational performance, but evidence strongl% suggests that !hatever managers can do toimprove emplo%ee attitudes !ill li6el% result in heightened organiational effectiveness.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

??) Attitudes are favorable or unfavorable evaluative statements about objects, people, or events.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" Attitudes in 'B are defined as evaluative statements or judgments concerningobjects, people, or events.&'" 1Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept

?) $he three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" $%picall%, researchers have assumed that attitudes have three components"cognition, affect, and behavior.&'" 1Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

?) $he intent to act in a certain !a% is the affective component of an attitude.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $he affective component is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude. Anintent to act in a certain !a% is the behavioral component of an attitude.

&'" 1Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

8/




/) $he affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" $he affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of anattitude. t sets the stage for the more critical part of an attitude.&'" 1

Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

1) $he cognitive component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain !a%to!ard someone or something.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $he behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in acertain !a% to!ard someone or something.&'" 1


*) According to estinger, people see6 consistenc% bet!een their attitudes and their behaviors.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" estinger argued that an% form of inconsistenc% is uncomfortable and thatindividuals !ill, therefore, attempt to reduce it. $he% !ill see6 a stable state, !hich is aminimum of dissonance.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

2) Cognitive dissonance e#plains the lin6age bet!een attitudes and behavior.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" Cases of attitude follo!ing behavior illustrate the effects of cognitive dissonance,an% incompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

81




8) @o individual can completel% avoid dissonance.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" @o individual can completel% avoid dissonance.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%

(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

0) ndividuals !ill be more motivated to reduce dissonance !hen the% believe the dissonance isdue to something the% cannot control.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" ndividuals !ill be more motivated to reduce dissonance !hen the attitudes or behavior are important or !hen the% believe the dissonance is due to something the% can control.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%


=) f there is an inconsistenc% bet!een an individual7s attitude on a specific issue and hisJher behavior, there are onl% t!o courses of action availableLalter the attitude or alter the behavior.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" f there is an inconsistenc% bet!een an individual7s attitude on a specific issue andhisJher behavior, the individual can either alter the attitude or the behavior, or he or she ma%develop a rationaliation for the discrepanc%.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

?) >e!ards can offset dissonance.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" :igh re!ards accompan%ing high dissonance tend to reduce the tension inherent inthe dissonance.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

8*




) Attitudes that our memories can easil% access are less li6el% to predict our behavior.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" Attitudes that our memories can easil% access are more li6el% to predict our behavior.&'" *


) Discrepancies bet!een attitudes and behavior tend to occur !hen social pressures to behavein certain !a%s hold e#ceptional po!er, as in most organiations.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" Discrepancies bet!een attitudes and behavior tend to occur !hen social pressuresto behave in certain !a%s hold e#ceptional po!er, as in most organiations.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

/) $he attitude<behavior relationship is li6el% to be much stronger if an attitude refers tosomething !ith !hich !e have direct personal e#perience.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" $he attitude<behavior relationship is li6el% to be much stronger if an attitude refersto something !ith !hich !e have direct personal e#perience.&'" *Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

1) 9ob satisfaction describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of itscharacteristics.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" 3hen people spea6 of emplo%ee attitudes, the% usuall% mean job satisfaction,!hich describes a positive feeling about a job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%


82




*) 9ob involvement measures the degree to !hich people identif% ps%chologicall% !ith theorganiation7s mission and vision.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" 9ob involvement is the degree to !hich a person identifies !ith a job, activel% participates in it, and considers performance important to self<!orth.

&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

2) Emplo%ees7 beliefs in the degree to !hich the% influence their !or6 environment, theircompetence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonom% is 6no!n as ps%chological empo!erment.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" Emplo%ees7 beliefs in the degree to !hich the% influence their !or6 environment,

their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonom% is 6no!n as ps%chological empo!erment.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

8) An individual7s involvement !ith, satisfaction !ith, and enthusiasm for the !or6 he or shedoes is 6no!n as emplo%ee engagement.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" An individual7s involvement !ith, satisfaction !ith, and enthusiasm for the !or6heJshe does is 6no!n as emplo%ee engagement. :ighl% engaged emplo%ees have a passion fortheir !or6 and feel a deep connection to their compan%.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

0) Disengaged emplo%ees have a tendenc% to invest time but not energ% or attention into their!or6.Ans!er" $>KE

E#planation" :ighl% engaged emplo%ees have a passion for their !or6 and feel a deepconnection to their compan%. 'n the other hand, disengaged emplo%ees tend to put time but notenerg% or attention into their !or6.&'" 2Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

88




=) $he single global rating approach to measuring job satisfaction is more sophisticated than thesummation of job facets approach.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $he single global rating approach to measuring job satisfaction is less sophisticated

than the summation of job facets approach.&'" 8Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

?) As6ing emplo%ees ho! the% feel about 6e% elements in a job and then adding the results tocreate an overall job satisfaction score is the single global rating approach to job satisfaction.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $he summation of job facets identifies 6e% elements in a job such as the nature of

the !or6, supervision, present pa%, promotion opportunities, and relations !ith co<!or6ers.>espondents rate these on a standardied scale, and researchers add the ratings to create anoverall job satisfaction score.&'" 8Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

) $he relationship bet!een pa% and job satisfaction virtuall% disappears !hen one earns a pa% pac6age sufficient for or more than the comfortable living amount.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" 3hen an individual reaches a level of comfortable living, the relationship bet!een pa% and job satisfaction virtuall% disappears.&'" 0Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

) +Ioice+ is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.Ans!er" $>KEE#planation" Ioice response is the dissatisfaction e#pressed through active and constructive

attempts to improve conditions.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

80




1//) Activel% and constructivel% attempting to improve conditions is part of the lo%alt% responseto dissatisfaction.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $he lo%alt% response means passivel% but optimisticall% !aiting for conditions toimprove, including spea6ing up for the organiation in the face of e#ternal criticism and trusting

the organiation and its management to do the right thing.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

1/1) +E#it+ is a passive and constructive response to dissatisfaction.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" E#it is an active and destructive response to dissatisfaction.&'" =

Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept

1/*) +@eglect+ is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $he neglect response to dissatisfaction passivel% allo!s conditions to !orsen.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept

1/2) $o effectivel% control the undesirable conse5uences of job dissatisfaction, emplo%ers shouldtr% to control the different responses to dissatisfaction.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" $o effectivel% control the undesirable conse5uences of job dissatisfaction,emplo%ers should attac6 the source of the problemLthe dissatisfactionLrather than tr% tocontrol the different responses.&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

8=




1/8) Creating a satisfied !or6force guarantees successful organiational performance.Ans!er" A&EE#planation" Creating a satisfied !or6force is hardl% a guarantee of successful organiational performance, but evidence strongl% suggests that !hatever managers can do to improveemplo%ee attitudes !ill li6el% result in heightened organiational effectiveness.

&'" =Difficult%" Eas%(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

1/0) 3hat are the three components of an attitude4Ans!er" $he three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.1) $he cognitive component is a description of or belief in the !a% things are.*) Affect is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.2) $he behavioral component of an attitude refers to an intention to behave in a certain !a%

to!ard someone or something.&'" 1Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

1/=) 3h% is it difficult to anal%e the three components of an attitude separatel%4 rovide a!or6place e#ample that demonstrates the three components.Ans!er" $he three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior. ince the% areall related, it is difficult to discuss or anal%e them separatel%. or e#ample, a person ma% believethat he !as unjustl% passed over for promotion. $his is a cognitive evaluation, but it occurs at thesame time that the negative feeling, or affective attitude, ta6es place. $he final behavior ofloo6ing for a ne! job occurs in conjunction !ith both the cognitive and affective attitudes.&'" 1Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

8?




1/?) Describe a !or6place e#ample of ho! people see6 consistenc% among their attitudes andtheir behavior b% reducing cognitive dissonance. $hen, sort %our e#ample into the three maincomponents of attitudes.Ans!er" tudent e#amples ma% var%. $he follo!ing is a sample response. :arr%, !or6ing for atobacco compan%, can ignore the scientific information that tobacco is harmful because he

receives high re!ards in the form of a high salar%. $his allo!s him to reduce the cognitivedissonance bet!een his feelings of discomfort !ith his compan%7s product and his jobsatisfaction. $he cognitive part of :arr%7s attitude is the evaluation that tobacco is harmful. $heaffective part of the attitude is feeling certain discomfort 6no!ing that he !or6s for a compan%that is harming people. $he behavioral component of :arr%7s attitude is ignoring the informationto continue to receive the high salar%.&'" *Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" %nthesis&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

1/) Discuss the cognitive dissonance theor%. :o! do individuals see6 consistenc% among theirattitudes, and bet!een their attitudes and their behavior4Ans!er" Cognitive dissonance refers to an% incompatibilit% an individual might perceive bet!een t!o or more attitudes or bet!een behavior and attitudes. estinger argued that an% formof inconsistenc% is uncomfortable and that individuals !ill attempt to reduce the dissonance and,hence, the discomfort. $he% !ill see6 a stable state in !hich there is a minimum of dissonance.>esearch has generall% concluded that people see6 consistenc% among their attitudes and bet!een their attitudes and their behavior. $he% do this b% altering either the attitudes or the behavior or b% developing a rationaliation for the discrepanc%. $he% can den% that an% clearcausation bet!een the attitude and the behavior has been established. $he% can brain!ashthemselves b% continuall% articulating the benefits of the attitude or the behavior. $he% canac6no!ledge the negative conse5uences of the attitude or behavior, but rationalie it. $he% canaccept the research evidence and begin activel% !or6ing to better the conditions. Alternatel%,the% can 5uit the attitude or the behavior because the dissonance is too great.&'" *Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

8




1/) 9onathan is a scientist for a local manufacturer that emplo%s a large percentage of the smallto!n !here he lives. Kntil recentl%, 9onathan loved his job. :o!ever, it has been discovered thatthe compan% is releasing small amounts of to#ins into the local river. 9onathan is e#tremel% bothered b% this information. Based on !hat %ou 6no! about 9onathan, describe the cognitivedissonance that he is e#periencing and t!o !a%s that 9onathan can alter his behavior or attitude

to reduce the dissonance.Ans!er" tudents7 ans!ers ma% var%. $he follo!ing is a sample response. As a scientist,9onathan is horrified b% the amount of pollution his compan% is generating. $he dissonance hefeels is the contradiction bet!een a sense of lo%alt% and love for his job and his anger at thecompan%7s actions. $o reduce the dissonance, 9onathan could rationalie that all companies pollute and that it is !orth the sacrifice because his compan% provides jobs for the !holecommunit%. 9onathan could accept certain e#cuses and evidence that the compan% provides, suchas that the pollution is not massive and moves do!n river, not reall% affecting his communit%.9onathan can ignore the dissonance because he values his job as a scientist in a communit% !ithfe! jobs.&'" *

AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

11/) Compare and contrast job satisfaction, job involvement, and organiational commitment.Ans!er" 9ob satisfaction refers to an individual7s general attitude to!ard hisJher job. A person!ith a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes to!ard the job, !hile a person !ho isdissatisfied !ith hisJher job holds negative attitudes about the job. 9ob involvement, on the otherhand, measures the degree to !hich a person identifies ps%chologicall% !ith hisJher job andconsiders hisJher perceived performance level important to self<!orth. Emplo%ees !ith a highlevel of job involvement strongl% identif% !ith and reall% care about the 6ind of !or6 the% do.'rganiational commitment is defined as a state in !hich an emplo%ee identifies !ith a particular organiation and its goals and !ishes to maintain membership in the organiation.$hus, high organiational commitment means identif%ing !ith one7s emplo%ing organiation.&'" 2Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" %nthesis&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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111) >achel, a sales e#ecutive at a ban6, earns F20,/// a %ear. :er compan% often allo!s her to!or6 her schedule around her daughter7s school athletic events. he believes in the goals of herorganiation and !or6s hard to!ard achieving them. >achel7s husband, eter, has recentl% joinedan engineering firm as a designer. :e earns F?0,/// a %ear. :is job involves !or6ing long hoursfrom -onda% to rida%, and his !or6 is often stressful. But he enjo%s his !or6 and is passionate

about the projects he !or6s on. Due to eter7s time constraints, his !ife, >achel, attends all theirchildren7s school events. :o! !ould %ou compare >achel and eter7s levels of job satisfaction4Describe ho! %ou !ould measure their satisfaction level if the level of comfortable living intheir countr% is F8/,///. n addition, name at least three major job attitudes that pla% a part ineach of their satisfaction levels.Ans!er" tudents7 ans!ers ma% var%. $he follo!ing is a sample response. >achel is li6el% to beless satisfied than eter in the pure measurement of pa% because she ma6es less than the F8/,///level re5uired for a comfortable living in the Knited tates. :o!ever, she is more li6el% to have ahigher degree of perceived organiational support because her compan% allo!s her a fle#ibleschedule around her famil%, !hereas eter7s compan% does not. >achel sho!s a high level oforganiational commitment because she identifies !ith the organiation7s objectives. eter is

most li6el% to have a high level of job involvement because he feels passionate about and caresfor the job he does. :is level of job satisfaction can be increased b% providing more fle#ibilit%!hereas >achel7s level of job satisfaction can be increased b% increasing her pa%.&'" 8AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard(uest. Categor%" %nthesis&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

11*) 3hat are the major causes of job satisfaction4Ans!er" $he major job satisfaction facets are the !or6 itself, pa%, advancement opportunities,supervision, and co<!or6ers. Enjo%ing the !or6 itself is almost al!a%s the facet most strongl%correlated !ith high levels of overall job satisfaction. -ost people prefer !or6 that ischallenging and stimulating over !or6 that is predictable and routine. or people !ho are poor or !ho live in poor countries, pa% does correlate !ith job satisfaction and !ith overall happiness.'nce an individual reaches a level of comfortable living, ho!ever, the relationship virtuall%disappears. ersonalit% also pla%s a role in job satisfaction. >esearch has sho!n that people !hohave positive core self<evaluations, !ho believe in their inner !orth and basic competence, aremore satisfied !ith their jobs than those !ith negative core self<evaluations. @ot onl% do the% seetheir !or6 as more fulfilling and challenging, the% are more li6el% to gravitate to!ardchallenging jobs in the first place. $hose !ith negative core self<evaluations set less ambitiousgoals and are more li6el% to give up !hen confronting difficulties.

&'" 0Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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112) all% has just been passed over for a promotion and is still earning less than F8/,/// a %ear.he is e#periencing a ver% lo! level of job satisfaction. Describe t!o active responses that all%might underta6e due to her dissatisfaction. Design a plan that all%7s immediate supervisor canuse to diffuse the situation and 6eep her on board !ith the compan%.Ans!er" tudents7 ans!ers ma% var%. $he follo!ing is a sample response. all%7s active

responses could be to voice her dissatisfaction to her supervisor, lobb%ing for her promotion orsee6ing reasons !h% she !as not promoted. :er other active option !ould be to e#it thecompan%, beginning immediatel% to loo6 for another job. f the immediate supervisor is a!are of all%7s dissatisfaction and values her as an emplo%ee, she needs to proactivel% discuss !h% all%!as passed over for the promotion. he could design a training program or a longer term plan ofho! all% can reach her income and responsibilit% goals !ith small measurable steps that !ouldreceive re!ards, such as lunch gift cards or time off, in place of the income that all% feels she isdenied.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" :ard


118) aren is upset !ith her supervisor because she !as denied her re5uested vacation da%s. heis e#periencing a ver% lo! level of job satisfaction but cannot afford to 5uit her job. Describethree negative, passive responses that aren might ta6e due to her dissatisfaction. magine thather manager activel% catches her in a manifestation of !or6place deviance. redict the outcomeof aren7s behavior.Ans!er" tudents7 ans!ers ma% var%. $he follo!ing is a sample response. ince aren cannot5uit her job, her responses !ill be to passivel% neglect her !or6. he could manifest this in anumber of !a%s, from increased absenteeism to !or6place deviance, such as surfing the nternetduring !or6 hours or stealing !or6 supplies. f aren7s manager !ere to catch her surfing thenternet, heJshe !ould most li6el% reprimand aren, increasing her level of dissatisfaction andlevel of job neglect. A better solution !ould be to 5uestion aren regarding the reasons behindher job dissatisfaction and open up lines of communication !hich !ould allo! her a chance toactivel% and positivel% voice her grievance.&'" =AACB" Anal%tic 6illsDifficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Application&earning 'utcome" Describe the factors that influence the formation of individual attitudes andvalues

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110) Compare and contrast the four !a%s that emplo%ees can e#press job dissatisfaction.Ans!er" Emplo%ees can e#press dissatisfaction b% four different !a%s. $hese are e#it, voice,lo%alt%, and neglect. $hese four responses differ along t!o dimensions" constructiveJdestructiveand activeJpassive. Behavior directed to!ard leaving the organiation is defined as e#it behavior.t is active and destructive. 'n the other hand, voice involves activel% and constructivel%

attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems !ithsuperiors, and engaging in some forms of union activit%. n contrast, lo%alt% involves passivel% but optimisticall% !aiting for conditions to improve. t is passive and constructive. @eglect is passivel% allo!ing conditions to !orsen, including chronic absenteeism or lateness, reducedeffort, and increased error rate. :ence, it is a passive and destructive response.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" %nthesis&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

11=) 3hat are core self<evaluations4 Differentiate bet!een positive and negative core self<evaluations.Ans!er" >esearch has sho!n that people !ho have positive core self<evaluations, i.e., people!ho believe in their inner !orth and basic competence, are more satisfied !ith their jobs thanthose !ith negative core self<evaluations. @ot onl% do the% see their !or6 as more fulfilling andchallenging, the% are more li6el% to gravitate to!ard challenging jobs in the first place. $hose!ith negative core self<evaluations set less ambitious goals and are more li6el% to give up !henconfronting difficulties. $hus, the% are more li6el% to be stuc6 in boring, repetitive jobs thanthose !ith positive core self<evaluations.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" %nthesis&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

11?) Discuss !hether emplo%ee satisfaction is related to positive customer outcomes.Ans!er" $he evidence indicates that satisfied emplo%ees increase customer satisfaction andlo%alt%. n service organiations, customer retention and defection are highl% dependent on ho!front<line emplo%ees deal !ith customers. atisfied emplo%ees are more li6el% to be friendl%,upbeat, and responsive, !hich customers appreciate. ince satisfied emplo%ees are less prone toturnover, customers are also more li6el% to encounter familiar faces and receive e#periencedservice. $hese 5ualities build customer satisfaction and lo%alt%.&'" =

Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

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11) s there a relationship bet!een job satisfaction and turnover4 E#plain.Ans!er" $he relationship bet!een job satisfaction and turnover is stronger than bet!eensatisfaction and absenteeism. $he satisfaction<turnover relationship also is affected b% alternative job prospects. or instance, if an emplo%ee is presented !ith an unsolicited job offer, jobdissatisfaction is less predictive of turnover because the emplo%ee is more li6el% leaving in

response to +pull+ Gthe lure of the other job) than +push+ Gthe unattractiveness of the current job).imilarl%, job dissatisfaction is more li6el% to translate into turnover !hen emplo%mentopportunities are plentiful because emplo%ees perceive it is eas% to move. inall%, !henemplo%ees have high +human capital+ Ghigh education, high abilit%), job dissatisfaction is moreli6el% to translate into turnover because the% have, or perceive, man% available alternatives.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

11) 3hat is !or6place deviance4 E#plain.Ans!er" 9ob dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships !ith co<!or6ers predict a variet% of behaviors organiations find undesirable, including unioniation attempts, substance abuse,stealing at !or6, undue socialiing, and tardiness. >esearchers argue these behaviors areindicators of a broader s%ndrome called deviant behavior in the !or6place Gor counterproductive behavior or emplo%ee !ithdra!al). f emplo%ees do not li6e their !or6 environment, the% !illrespond someho!, though it is not al!a%s eas% to forecast e#actl% ho!. 'ne !or6er might 5uit.Another might use !or6 time to surf the nternet or ta6e !or6 supplies home for personal use.&'" =Difficult%" -oderate(uest. Categor%" Concept&earning 'utcome" Define organiational behavior and identif% the variables associated !ith itsstud%

organizational behaviour 16e attitudes and job satisfacction chapter 3

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