organizational behaviour tutorial presentation

8/10/2019 Organizational Behaviour Tutorial Presentation

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ADM510

ORAGNIZATONAL BEHAVIOR

TOPIC 3: PERCEPTION AND LEARNING

TUTOR:

MADAM. AZIZAN ZAINUDDIN

PREPARED BY:

AFIQAH BINTI MAD KASSIM 2013455736)

FIQRIN HANIS BINTI ROSLI 2013488894)

INTAN SURAIYAH BINTI RAMAT 2013460818

)


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Welcome fellow classmate,

In our discussion today, we will be discussing on thetopic of Perception and Learning (Topic 3).

We will be answering two question as assigned by our

tutor Madam Azizan.

Also, at every end of our answer,weve

provide a taskfor all of you to participate and leave a comment regarding

topic related. Also there shall be a special task to a specific

person.

Lastly, we have also provide a video (question 2 related)

for all of you to watch in the link given. Click on the word

Linkas highlighted or you can also click on the URL address

attached on iLearn. Have fun and good luck !

Thank you

.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi9DIbDMjjkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qi9DIbDMjjk


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QUESTION 1:

Why is it critically important to understand

individual perception, attitudes, decisions and

behavior before assigning someone a specific

role in an organization?


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Self Enhancement

The deepest urge in human nature is the desire tobe important

People always try to perceived themselves and

also others. People expectation about themselves are always

above the moderate level. They believe that theycan achieved beyond their actual abilities and this

attribute their successes personal motivation orability and blaming the external factors for theirmistakes.


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Self Enhancement in Organizational

Settings

When an individual intensify their selfconcept, they will experience better mentaland physical health and adjustment.

For example, if we know who we are andposition in an organization, we will adhereto our responsibility and there will be less

stress as we wont conflict with unrelatedresponsibilities.

Positiveconsequences

Self enhancement causes

people to overestimates fortheir future returns and theywill be less openness tocriticism.

Negativeconsequences


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Self Verification

Self verification explained that peoplemotivated to maintain their existing selfconcept.

Self verification provides important anchorthat guides their thought and actions.

In other words, you let people know about

your characteristics and let other peopleaware that they have to perform up to yourstandard when working together.


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Perceptual process willbe affected becauseemployees easy to

remember anyinformation that

interconnected withtheir self concept.

Eg: For example, anemployer assigned a taskto an employee who hebelieve can perform the

work as the employeeself-verified himself as ameticulous person.

When an individual has aclearer self concept,

people around us will tryto avoid any negative

feedback that contradict

with that self concept.For example, an

employer know that hisemployee is punctualand dedicated. He willless consciously accept

feedback thatcontradicts his employee

self concept.

People are moremotivated with

others that have

rigid self-viewsand this will helpthem to get alongwith boss and theteam members.


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Self Evaluation


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Self Esteem likely known as self confidence.

Theory about self esteem : People have higher self-esteem when they believe they are connected to and

accepted by others. They also less influenced by othersand think more rationally.

Self esteem is internal factor which brings and predictsthe attitude and behaviors, so people who have high self-esteem will tend to have a good attitude like a good

student and a good parent.

Self- Efficacy a persons belief that he/she cansuccessfully complete a task where those with high self-

efficacy have a can-doattitude. They believe they posses the energy, ability, role

perception and resources to perform the task.

Theory of self-efficacy people with higher general self-efficacy have a more positive over all self-evaluation.


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Locus of control a person general beliefs about the amount ofcontrol he or she has over personal life events.

It divides into two which is internal and external. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe their

personal characteristics like ability and motivation will

determine lifesoutcomes (good or bad)

Individual with external locus of control believe that events thathappened in their life are due to the fate, luck or determined by

the conditions in the external environment.

Theory of locus of control people with more internal locus of

control have a more positive self- evalutaion, more successful,

earn more money and can perform well in their task. It is

because internal locus of control is the important internal factor

of one self that will determine the life event that will going to

happen.


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Social SelfPersonal identity internal self concept

It is an attributes that make one individual differ and unique from other individual. It is your own personality and nothing to do with the social groups you are in and deal

with.

For eg : generous, disciplined, perfectionist, talented, outspoken.

Social identity

external self concept

It is about how one individual associate with others. People define themselves by thegroups to which they belong or have an emotional attachment.

Factors determining that you are identified or belong as a member of that particulargroup, are gender (female or male) , age (old, middle age and young), ethnicity (race),

status (minority or majority). Another factor, people sometimes describe themselves by where they work because of

their employer has a good reputation (this is where you determine your identity to whatkind of society you are belong to )

Footnote : Students can refer this subtopic on our question 2 regarding the personalidentity and social identity to understand better and have a clear picture about these.


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PERCEPTION

Perception is closely related to attitudes. Perception

is the process of receiving information about, and

which organisms interpret and making sense of the

world around us. In other words, a person is confronted with a

situation or stimuli. The person interprets the stimuli

into something meaningful to him or her based on

prior experiences. However, what an individualinterprets or perceives may be substantially different

from reality.


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Social Perception

Social perception looks on how an individual sees others

and how others perceive an individual.

This can be accomplished through various means such as

classifying an individual based on 5 classes :

I. A single characteristic (halo effect).

II. Evaluating a persons characteristics by comparison to

others (contrast effect).

III. Perceiving others in ways that really reflect a perceivers

own attitudes and beliefs (projection).

IV. Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the

group to which that person belongs (stereotyping).

V. Causing a person to act erroneously based on another

persons perception (pygmalion effect), or controlling

another persons perception of oneself (impression

management).


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Halo Effect

It well described when an individual draws a generalimpression about another person based on a single

characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance.The perceiver may evaluate the other individual high on manytraits because of his or her belief that the individual is high inone trait.

For example : if an employee performs a difficult accounting

task well due to the managers belief of the employees highintelligence, the manager may also mistakenly perceive thatthe employee having competencies in other areas such asmanagement or technology.

Contrast Effect - relates to how an individual is perceived inrelation to others around him or her. The contrast effect notonly applies to the perception of attractiveness, but it has alsobeen shown to influence self-esteem, public self consciousnessand social anxiety.


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Projectionis the attribution of ones own attitudes and beliefs

onto others. All of us are guilty of unconsciously projecting our

own beliefs onto others. It allows an individual to perceive

others in ways that really reflect oneself because, in general,

people are in favor of those who are most like themselves.

Stereotyping

It is a perceptual process of assigning traits to people based on

their membership in a social category.

Stereotyping can be positivebecause it allows us to organize

a very complex world but it may be considered negative if

used as overly generalized views about groups of individuals.

It is easy shown in the example of gender stereotyping where

it provide specific expectations of male and female behavior.

When those expectations are violated (as in the case of a

women acting assertively), it results in a negative label being

applied to describe the woman.


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Pygmalion Effect

The pygmalion effect or self-fulfilling prophecy, describes apersonsbehavior that is consistent with another individuals

perception. In other words, once an expectation is made known by

another person, an individual will have the tendency tobehave in ways consistent with the expectation. This canhave negative or positive results.

For example : If a manager sets high standards for asubordinatesperformance, he or she will respond accordinglywith high performance. If a manager sets low standards for asubordinatesperformance because the subordinate is viewed

as lacking in ability and/or motivation, the resulting workperformance will be low.

=> Therefore, managers expectations directly influencesubordinatesperformance.


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CONCLUSION

It is essential for a manager to know the behaviourand actions of the employee. This is because, everyemployee brings a different personality and there is

a variety that sometimes we do not aware about it(complexity). Thus, the manager should be able toidentify clear, stable and rigid self-concept of theemployees (Clarity). After the manager succeed in

identifying the self-concept of the employees, themanager will be able to assigned the task based onsimilar personal traits and values (consistency).


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It is true that most of people try to rate

themselves above the average level but the

employer himself cannot predict the realaverage level of a person (self enhancement).

The employer should not put high expectation

on the employees to perform excellently whenassigning the task. Due to high expectation the

employer may deal with frustration and less

openness to criticism (negative consequences of

self enhancement).


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The employer might let the coworkers know

about the characteristics or term and condition

that must be fulfill by the employees (self-verification) because it might help the

employees to guide their thoughts and action

when completing a task given. As from theemployer insight, this will allow him to expect

what to be expected aligned with his employees

self-concept.


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The employer should really understand the employees on howthe employer sees and perceived the employees before assigningcertain task (perception). What kind of social perception that theemployer looks and perceived the employees to perform certain

task ?For example, An employer of the Accountancy Agency requiredto promote the job one of the employee into high level field(audit field) with certain qualifications such as workingexperience, high qualification and strength. So how he perceived

his employees in order to fulfill those requirements ? This is toensure his employees can perform the task well (self-efficacy) andadapt with the organizations environment either condusive orhostile.

On how the employer perceived the employees attitudes and

behavior, he must know how the employees develop themselves,the self-esteem that they have to bring and hold certain positionand tasks. High self-esteem of the employees will make theemployer feels easy to work and build the network relationshiplike easy to communicate and coorporate together which this will

result in accepting each others for both sides in an organization.


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Another important side of how the employer can criticallyunderstand their employees is on the personal identity of oneemployees has and social identity they are belong to before the

employer assigned specific task. This is to avoid misunderstandingthat will occur later in the process of completing the task.

Eg for personal identity: If the employer knows the employeespersonal identity is a multi tasker and organized person, he cansolely assigned one of his employees variety of tasks at one timewhere he also be able to organize them one by one andaccordingly

Eg for social identity: The employer wont give heavy or difficulttasks to a group of new workers (juniors) in early stage. He willpass them to the experienced workers (seniors).

So, this is why a manager (employer) is important to criticallyunderstand individuals perception, attitude, behavior anddecisions before he can decide and assigned his employees to doand perform specific role in the organisation.


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Dear Haziq Zafari and Aiman

Hanis, how do you determine orin what characteristic you

expected from your employee to

be, before you have to assigned

him/her a specific task ?

Others are welcome to give

feedback


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QUESTION 2:

Contrast Personal and Social

identity. Do you define yourself in

terms of the university or college you

attend? Why or why not ? Whatimplication does your response have

for the future of your university or

college ?


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Contrasting between Personal Identity and

Social Identity

Personal Identity SocialIdentity

Also known as Internal Self concept Or know as External Self concept

Personal Identity is an attribute that

make us unique and distinct from peoplein social group

Where people define themselves by the

groups to which they belong or have anemotional attachment

Something about ourselves as an

individual without reference to a larger

group

Complex combination of many

membership arrange in a hierarchy of

importance

People who with Personal Identity

defined themselves by their personal

identities speak out more frequently

against the majority and are less

motivated to follow the terms and wishes

People who with Social Identity defined

themselves by their social self are more

motivated to abide by the teams norms

and more easily influence by peer

pressure.


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Why? Firstly because of its ethnicity that exist as the

nature of UiTM. UiTM is as the only localuniversities that only open its admissions toBumiputeras.

As an implication from the ethnicity, this willgenerate a competitive environment between

UiTM students with other universities studentsof among other races than Bumiputera.

Next is because of its learning methodology.UiTM has more practicality in its learningmethods or module. It is more toward hands-on

rather then theoretical studies. Which allows forthe student to enhance their creativity andinnovation as how demanded by the currentmarket. The students of UiTM were taught toprepare themselves in their soon working life.


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Besides, in terms of language used incommunication. UiTM students were taught tolearn in English language regardless of anycourse. Thus, making English as the medium

language in communicating between lecturesand students. UiTM is also the only localUniversities that implemented the language asmedium of communication.

Last reason is the ethics, etiquette and valuesimplemented and instill to the student of UiTM.There are many terms ethics and etiquette thatthe institute practices, dress ethics, workingethics and many more. And that the institute

constantly instill the value of patriotism,competitiveness and self readiness.This willindirectly contribute in elevating the good nameof UiTM and gives good perception.


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And the implication of our response have for

the future of our university maybe.

The implication for the future of ouruniversity based on our response maybe,UiTM graduates will become the mostemployed fresh graduates in

comparison with other local university.This is the effect of its learningmethodology where it concentrate theirstudent more to what is practical ratherthan theoretical. Besides, most employernowadays are prone to employ freshgraduates who are confident tocommunicate in English as English is nowthe International medium in

communication or in any businesses.


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Another implication to the future of UiTM is

that, UiTM will be able to realize itsmission,vision and at the same time their long term

and short term goal. For example UiTMs

vision, which is to be one of leading

International class universities. Together along

making UiTM a broad-based university and

attain academic excellence to lead the

dynamism of indigenous (bumiputera)in everyprofession in the international area.


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Moreover, because of the various positive

values instilled by UiTM to its students

including the value of leadership andcompetitiveness. It will be known in

generating great leaders of especially

bumiputera to the whole society. Forexample, Datuk Seri Ahmad Farid Ridzuan

the CEO of Media Prima, the person who

manages one of the largest

telecommunication company.


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Tell us what is your opinion, do youdefine yourself by your

university/college? why?

Dear Alia Azmi and Azri Asyraf, if yourea student from another university how

do you define a UiTM student ?

Feel free in sharing your own ideas.


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME

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