organizational theory & behavior in education source :dr. mahr muhammad saeed akhtar
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Organizational Theory & Behavior in Education Source :Dr. Mahr Muhammad Saeed Akhtar. Some Objectives. Define organizational behavior Describe what managers do Explain the value of the systematic study List the major challenges and opportunities for managers to use - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Organizational Theory & Behavior in Education
Source :Dr. Mahr Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
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Some Objectives• Define organizational behavior• Describe what managers do• Explain the value of the systematic study• List the major challenges and opportunities for
managers to use • Identify the contributions made by major behavioral
science disciplines to• Describe why managers require a knowledge of • Explain the need for a contingency approach to the
study of • Identify the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB
model
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Mangers
• Individual who achieve goals through other people.
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Organization
• A consciously coordinated social unit, composed or two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
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Management SkillsTechnical Skills: (ability to perform a specific job)Knowledge and proficiency of processes, procedures and
methods (Typing, drawing, designing, preparing budget, teaching, advocating, assembling,
Human Skills: Maintaining a network of relationshipOrganizing and leading peopleMotivation, Communication, and Group dynamics
Conceptual Skills: The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situation.
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What Managers Do
• Planning:Includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities.
• Organization: Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom , and where decisions are to be made.
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• Leading: Includes motivating empolyees, directing others, selecting the most efrective communication channels, and resolving conflicts.
• Controlling: Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations
What Managers Do
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Management Roles
• Interpersonal Roles• Information Roles• Decisional Roles
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Organizational Behavior
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
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Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study
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Intuition
• A feeling not necessarily supported by research
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Systematic Study
Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence.
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Contributing Disciplines to OB
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Psychology
• The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
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Sociology
• The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.
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Social psychology
• An area within psychology that bends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.
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Anthropology
• The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
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Political science
• The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a polical environment.
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Absolutes in OB
Contingency variables
• Situational actors; variables that moderate the relationship between two or more other variables and improve the correlation.
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Challenges and Opportunities in OB1. Respond to globalization2. Managing workforce diversity3. Improving quality and productivity4. Improving people skills5. Empower people6. Coping with temporariness7. Stimulating innovation and change8. Improving ethical behavior
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Workforce Diversity
• The increasing heterogeneity of organizations with the inclusion of different groups.
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Total Quality Management (TQM)
• A philosophy of management that is driven by the constant attainment of customer satisfaction thought the continuators improvement of all organizational processes.
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Reengineering
• Reconsider show work would be done and the organization structured if they were being created from scratch.
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Empowering Employees
• Putting employees in charge of what they do.
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Ethical Dilemma
• Situation in which an individuals is required to define right and wrong conduct
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Coming Attractions: developing an OB model• A model• Dependent variables– Productivity– Effectiveness– Efficiency– Absenteeism– Turnover– organizational citizenship– Job satisfaction
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Model
• Abstraction of reality: simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.
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Dependent variable
• A response that is affected by an independent variable.
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Productivity
• A performance measure including effectiveness and efficiency
• Effectiveness• Achievement of goals• Efficiency• The ratio of effective output to the input
required to achieve it
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Absenteeism
• Failure to report to work
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Turnover
• Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from the organization.
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Organizational Citizenship
• Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
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Job Satisfaction
• A general attitude toward one’s job; the differnce between the amount of rewards workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive.
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Independent variables
The presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable.
1. Individual level2. Group level3. Organization systems level