ornamental tree selection & guide give h g …it is very important to select tree species that...
TRANSCRIPT
It is very important to select tree species that are
suitable for the site and the intended purpose of the
planting. Well-chosen trees can produce many
benefits, such as increased property values and
energy savings, while poorly-chosen trees can be
costly.
First determine the real function of the tree. Is it
for shade, wind protection, privacy, aesthetics, or
architectural elements?
Decide between a
deciduous or ever-
green tree. Decidu-
ous trees drop their
leaves in winter,
while evergreen
species retain
leaves throughout
the year. The
choice depends
largely on the func-
tion of the tree.
Evaluate the best location for planting. The site
should have enough space for the tree height and
width at maturity and for its roots. Trees too large
for a site lead to increased maintenance costs in
the future and usually ruin the desired effect.
Don’t plant large trees under power lines or next to
walkways, patios and foundations, since their roots
are wide spreading.
Select species that are adapted to the
local climate. Some trees require
summer irrigation, while others do
not. Avoid planting species that are
adapted to dry summer conditions in
highly irrigated sites (such as lawns).
Trees can be selected for interesting
leaf/flower color and shape, bark
patterns and branching characteris-
tics. When considering these features,
avoid placing a tree where flower pet-
als, fruit, and leaf or bark litter falls on
walkways or in ponds or pools. Select trees that
are tolerant of local insect and disease problems
and avoid those that are commonly susceptible.
Planting slow growing trees among fast growing
trees adds longevity to a landscape. In general,
slow growing trees live longer than fast growing
ones, which are often weak wooded and subject to
limb failure. Mixing these trees also creates an
instant landscape effect.
A large deciduous shade tree on a west or south
side of a house can provide shade and reduce utili-
ty costs by up to 15%. Trees placed to shade large
areas of pavement reduce reflective heat, making
TREES AND UTILITIES - Selecting the right tree for the right place in the landscape is an important decision
your landscape into three areas: the tall, medium , and short (or low) zones.
Underground utilities should be located prior to tree planting. Locate under-
ground lines by requesting an Underground Service Alert (USA) by calling 811
two days before digging. This simple and free service ensures safety for the
excavator, and homeowner and prevents damage to underground utilities.
Although many roots and utility lines co-exist underground without incident, be
aware that many tree roots extend over twice the diameter of the canopy. Dur-
ing digging root damage can occur, which may affect a tree's health.
Homeowners should not attempt to prune trees near power lines. Call a certi-
fied utility tree worker or your local utility company. High-voltage lines are
not usually insulated, and direct contact will result in electric shock. Children
should be warned never to climb trees near powerlines.
Proper tree selection and placement around utilities can eliminate potential pub-
lic safety hazards, reduce expenses by utilities and their ratepayers, and improve
the appearance of landscapes. Planting a tree in an inappropriate location can
mean future repeated tree pruning, tree interference with utility service or even
tree removal. So, remember to look up and down before selecting a tree.
Utility service is delivered to our homes by overhead or underground distribu-
tion systems. Overhead lines can be electrical, telephone, cable or television.
Underground lines include services such as water, sewer, and natural gas. These
vital systems necessitate the proper selection of tree species and planting site.
Planting trees under utility lines can pose a hazard to humans by electrical shock
and to personal property from fires. In California one of the leading causes of
power outages is tree interference. These outages can affect public safety, cause
business losses and residential inconvenience. In addition, millions of dollars
are spent on removal or clearance of vegetation. Inappropriate trees planted
under utility lines require annual pruning, which often leads to an unnatural
shape, structural weakness, and greater stress which increases susceptibility to
disease and insect invasion.
When planning for a tree, consider the mature tree height and the available
space overhead and underground. To aid in identifying tree placement, divide
or
patios, walkways and streets cooler. Remember
large trees have wide growing roots and should be
placed at least 15’ away from permanent structures
and foundations.
Trees provide habitat for wildlife by giving shelter
and providing food. Selecting a fruit or nut tree
can provide spring flowers, autumn leaf color and
a harvest for wildlife and humans.
When choosing a tree, research local recommenda-
tions and consult with local Cooperative Extension
offices, nurseries, and ISA certified arborists.
Mature trees in parks, botanical gardens, arbore-
tums, and private plantings provide realistic vision
of a tree species characteristics.
TREE SELECTION - Careful and well planned tree selection helps ensure the future health of the tree
ORNAMENTAL TREE SELECTION & GUIDE FOR HOME GARDENS & LANDSCAPES
From the UC Master Gardeners of Tulare & Kings Counties
Shape and Form
Colorful
Flowers
Leaf Shape or fall
Color
Fruit and nut trees provide
spring flowers, autumn color
and a harvest
Trees provide
habitat for
wildlife
Trees provide privacy
and protection from
strong winds
Street trees provide
shade and reduce
reflective heat
Trees add curb appeal and
increase property values
Summer shade from
deciduous trees placed
on either south or west
sides can lower utility
costs by 10-15% and
allow for solar heating
in winter months
Tall Zone: Tall or large
canopy tree. Place well
away from structure. Low Zone: Trees that are
suitable for placement
under powerlines and are
not taller than 20’.
Medium Zone: Trees no
taller than 40’. Use to
decorate or frame a house.
Give
me to a
friend!
Please
recycle
me...
Trunk characteristics: Some species are intentionally grown as multi-trunk trees. Otherwise there should be one trunk that extends to the top as a single leader. Trees that have developed multiple leaders should be avoided. The trunk should have a gradual top down taper and caliper appropriate for its height. Taper is the decrease of the trunk diameter (caliper) with increasing height. Trees with taper and appropriate caliper are better able to withstand wind and stand upright unsupported. Listed are suggested calipers at 6" above soil surface for three container sizes. Foliage and branching: The tree should have healthy foliage with good leaf color, size and appearance. The canopy should be free of dead
or broken branches. Branches should be spaced with even distribution both radially around and vertically along the entire trunk. Branch diameter should be no larger than 2/3 the diameter of the trunk. Small diameter branches on the lower trunk aid in trunk development and provide protection from sun-burn. These temporary branches can be removed as the tree grows. Freedom from injury, stress and pests: Carefully inspect the tree including around the nursery stake. The trunk, branches and leaves should be free of wounds, lesions, bleeding, diseases,
insects, and sunburn. The tree should appear free from water stress. The container soil should not be dry or excessively wet. Some signs of inconsistent soil moisture are root discoloration, shriveling, and foul odors. When selecting a nursery tree, knowing what is normal for the species is of value. Keep in mind that a young tree will need pruning in its early years to develop into a strong, well formed mature tree.
When selecting a tree from a nursery, take into consid-
eration its overall health. Inspect the roots, trunk char-
acteristics, foliage and branching. Be sure it is free
from injury and pests.
Root Structure:
Root characteristics have a great influ-
ence on the survival, vigor and health
of a tree. Check the root system before
purchasing the tree by lifting it from
the container. The root system should
fill the container and keep the root ball
intact, but not be so developed and
overgrown that there are numerous
large roots circling the perimeter of the
root ball. The small roots should be
firm and white inside.
Clear away some of the surface soil.
Roots should flare out evenly and
should not circle around the trunk.
Checking for other root deformations,
like kinked roots, is difficult without
washing away some soil.
Remove the nursery stake. If the trunk
falls over, leans substantially, or is loose
at the soil line when pulled upwards, then there may be
some irreparable root deformities and that tree should
not be chosen.
Container Size 5 gal
15 gal
24 in. box
Trunk Diameter 0.5 to 0.75 inch
0.75 to 1.5 inch
1.5 to 2.5 inch
Good
Poor
TREE PLANTING - Proper tree planting helps ensure young tree survival
Fall is the best planting season of the year.
The soil moisture and temperature are generally favorable.
Plants will transpire less water due to shorter days and cool-
er temperatures.
Roots have more time to develop before warm summer
temperatures arrive.
Trees can be planted during other seasons, but are likely to require
additional attention. For instance, trees planted in summer will need
regular watering until they become established.
Prior to planting, evaluate the site. Identify soil conditions that
may limit root development, such as surface compaction or hardpan (a
sub-surface compact layer). If surface compaction exists, till the soil
until it is loose. If hardpan exists, break through the layer using an
auger or digging bar to allow water movement and rooting into soil
Prepare the planting hole:
Be aware of the location of underground utilities and pipes prior to digging.
Hole should be at least twice the diameter of the root ball and as deep as the root
ball. If soil is unfavorable for root growth, dig hole as wide as practical, such as 3-4
times the root ball diameter.
Plant "high" in all but sandy soils, so top of root ball is 1-2 inches above grade.
Roughen the sides of the hole with a shovel to aid intermingling of backfill soil
with existing soil to provide easier root penetration.
Remove the tree from the nursery container and cut or shor ten matted and circling
roots at the periphery of the root ball.
Place tree into the planting hole on firm soil to avoid settling. Face the crook of a
grafted union away from the afternoon sun to reduce the potential of sunburn. Once tree
is positioned, backfill with original soil. Adding a planter mix or other physical amend-
ment is not necessary except in situations of extremely high sand or clay content, which
are rare. Press the backfill soil firmly around the root ball, but do not compact. Do not
put fill soil on top of the root ball.
Water thoroughly immediately, paying attention to wetting the container soil and
the surrounding soil. Mulch the planted area with coarse organic matter (such as wood
chips) to retain soil moisture and control weeds, but do not pile it against the trunk.
Fertilization is not recommended at planting unless a known mineral deficiency
exists. Don’t plant within a foot of the trunk because lawns and plants compete with
young tree roots for water and nutrients and can reduce growth. Avoid damage to the
trunk from string trimmers and mowers.
Only minor pruning to remove damaged branches and codominant stems (double
leaders) is recommended at planting. Allow branches growing low on trunk to remain,
but cut them back. These temporary branches will nourish the trunk and prevent sun-
burn.
Irrigation for several months following planting is cr itically impor tant. Fill the
basin at least once a week in spring and fall. In the summer, water more frequently, if
needed. After 1-2 months, irrigation frequency can usually be reduced, but trees should
QUALITY NURSERY TREE SELECTION - High quality trees help ensure good performance in landscapes
Poor
Better
Water basin
Spread thin layer of
coarse organic matter
(mulch) keep 3” away
from trunk
Plant slightly higher than
grown in nursery
Keep competing
plants 1’ away from
tree trunk
Keep temporary
branches to provide
food and sunburn
protection to trunk
Dig hole at least twice
the diameter of container
with slightly sloping
sides
Remove any shoots
up to 6” above soil
Fill with original soil Rest root ball on firm soil
to avoid settling
TREE STAKING - Stake Trees for protection, anchorage and support
Staking trees is undesirable, but sometimes necessary. Considerations for
staking depend upon trunk strength, expected wind and site conditions, and
vehicular or pedestrian traffic.
Not all trees require staking
Many young trees can stand upright alone and grow
straight, whereas others need support, anchorage,
or protection until trunk taper and caliper and/or
root systems develop to support the tree upright.
Improperly staked trees or those staked too long will take
longer to stand upright when untied, become susceptible to
rubbing and injury from stakes and ties, and grow less in trunk
caliper. Proper staking costs a little more and takes a little
more time, but is worth the end result. Most staking is done at
planting, so have supplies handy.
Supportive staking of newly planted
trees is recommended when the trunk is
not strong enough to hold the top up-
right or to return upright after being
deflected.
Anchor staking is needed when a
trunk can hold the top upright, but the
root ball is too small to support them
both so the entire tree leans.
To determine if staking is necessary,
remove the nursery stake. If the tree
cannot stand upright on its own, then
staking is needed.
To properly stake a tree, follow these steps:
1) Two stakes should be placed into the ground outside of the root ball on oppo-
site sides of the tree so the prevailing wind can blow through the two
stakes. Remove the nursery stake.
2) To determine the height of the support tie,
support the trunk with two fingers starting at 3
feet above the soil and move fingers upward until
the tree is supported enough to stand upright. Place
ties 6 inches above this point. Avoid attaching the
ties too high on a young tree where the trunk is more
succulent and prone to breakage.
3) If using a wooden stake, cut off excess stake at 2 to 3 inches
above the ties to avoid branch injury.
4) Protect trees from vandalism or vehicles, if necessary.
To aid in this, wrap wire caging around the tree stakes.
As part of a regular maintenance routine, check
the ties to avoid girdling or restricting of the trunk
and for breakage. The stakes should be checked
to insure they remain upright and do not damage
the trunk or branches by rubbing.
Remove the stakes and ties when the tree is
able to stand upright on its own, usually within
one year.
Staking is not recommended for most conifers
and other trees with branching close to the ground. These trees are usually
shorter with sturdy trunks and root systems adequate to hold the tree upright.
Wrong Right
TREE DISORDERS: PESTS & PROBLEMS - Insect, disease, weed & cultural problems
Plant disorders that affect the health
of a tree may be caused by living
organisms, for example insects,
diseases, weeds, and vertebrate
pests; or they may be the result of
abiotic (nonliving) factors, such
as water stress, high temperatures,
or nutrient deficiencies.
Insect pests are character ized
by their mouthparts: sucking,
piercing or chewing. Typical
symptoms for chewing insects are
holes in leaves or bark, while
distorted growth or stippling of
the leaves is typical of sucking
pests.
Many insects leave clues that can
help in identification, such as
honeydew, cast skins, or fecal
pellets.
Common tree
diseases are caused by fungi,
bacteria, and viruses. Disease
severity may range from almost
harmless to extremely detri-
mental for the life of a tree.
Most fungi are beneficial to the
environment because they feed and decompose
dead organic matter. Fungal fruiting structures
(e.g., mushrooms, conks, and puffballs) can often
be seen in landscapes.
Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper pest
management. Correct plant identification and
careful examination of all plant symptoms, weath-
er conditions, and maintenance practices are nec-
essary for accurate diagnosis.
Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) Information: Most
plants can tolerate some level of
injury from insects and diseases.
Treatment is needed only if a
plant’s health is affected or
symptoms are aesthetically unfa-
vorable. Consult the UC IPM website at http://
www.ipm.ucdavis.edu for useful and practical
information to help identify and manage pests in
the landscape.
Abiotic Disorders: Not all plant problems are
caused by insects, plant pathogens or other living
pests. Many problems are caused by abiotic or
nonliving factors such as adverse environmental
conditions or improper maintenance practices.
Abiotic disorders can be caused by too much or
too little watering, nutrient deficiency or excess,
intolerable soil pH, drastic temperature changes,
excessive salt concentration in soils, poor soil
texture or structure, air pollution or mechanical
injury.
To avoid some tree disorders, select trees that are
known to be resistant to insects or diseases. Avoid
plant species not suited to the chosen location, soil
conditions or climate zone.
Pathogenic fungi produce toxins
and enzymes that disrupt normal
plant growth. Plant symptoms
include darkened, necrotic or
sunken lesions, yellow or brown
spots, distorted foliage, masses of
powdery spores, droopy leaves or shoots and pro-
fuse twig growth.
Many fungi can stay alive in a
dormant state for months, so
garden sanitation is important
in disease prevention.
Bacteria infect host plants by
entering through wounds or
natural openings. Some symp-
toms are very similar to damag-
ing fungal diseases but also include galls, vascular
wilt and cankers. They spread by splashing water,
insects or human activity
Virus diseases may be vec-
tored by insects such as
aphids, whiteflies, or thrips
and/or mechanically transmit-
ted through contact with tools.
Virus diseases cannot be
controlled once they are in the
plant.
Weeds and Vertebrate Pests: Mistletoe is an
example of a parasitic weed that affects tree
health. Gophers, squirrels, and meadow mice, can
damage tree roots and trunks.
Scale
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S.
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s in
sum
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see
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aut
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and
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ast
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f Cal
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icro
phyl
lum
), s
mal
ler
in s
ize,
slo
wer
gro
win
g, p
ale
yello
w
flow
ers.
Pal
o V
erde
,
'Des
ert M
useu
m'
Cer
cid
ium
'Des
ert
Mu
seu
m'
a 3-
way
hyb
rid
20' T
20' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
Larg
e, 1
" in
divi
dual
yello
w fl
ower
sU
prig
ht r
ound
ed
A h
ybrid
tha
t co
mbi
nes
best
tra
its o
f all
thre
e pa
rent
s.
Pal
e gr
een
bark
, de
licat
e br
anch
es,
filte
red
shad
e.
Ligh
t gr
een
stem
s an
d le
aves
. F
low
ers
in s
prin
g. T
oler
ates
hea
t an
d dr
ough
t. P
rune
onl
y to
enh
ance
form
.
This
hyb
rid is
tho
rnle
ss,
prod
uces
few
see
d po
ds,
and
drop
s ve
ry li
ttle
litt
er.
Red
bud,
Eas
tern
Cer
cis
can
aden
sis
'Fo
rest
Pan
sy'
'Lav
end
er T
wis
t'
25-3
0' T
25-3
0' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Ros
y pi
nk,
smal
l
and
abun
dant
R
ound
ed
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
Fas
test
gro
win
g re
dbud
. S
ingl
e or
mul
ti-tr
unk
form
s.
Glo
ssy,
att
ract
ive
hear
t-sh
aped
leav
es.
Flo
wer
s on
bar
e br
anch
es in
ver
y ea
rly s
prin
g.
Yel
low
fall
colo
r.
Tol
erat
es m
ore
wat
er t
han
nativ
e
Wes
tern
red
bud.
'F
ores
t P
ansy
' (20
' T,
25' W
) ha
s pu
rple
leav
es a
nd n
eeds
afte
rnoo
n sh
ade.
'L
aven
dar
Twis
t' (5
-6' T
, 6-
8' W
) ha
s pi
nkis
h-pu
rple
flow
er w
ith w
eepi
ng c
onto
rted
bra
nche
s, n
eeds
afte
rnoo
n sh
ade.
Red
bud,
Eas
tern
'Okl
ahom
a'
Cer
cis
can
aden
isis
var
.
texe
nsi
s 'O
kla
ho
ma'
15' T
15' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Pur
ple-
red,
sm
all
and
abun
dant
R
ound
edN
ativ
e to
Tex
as a
nd O
klah
oma.
Sin
gle
or m
ulti-
trun
k fo
rms.
Thi
ck,
glos
sy h
eat
resi
stan
t, h
eart
-sha
ped
leav
es.
Flo
wer
s on
bar
e br
anch
es in
ver
y ea
rly s
prin
g.
Yel
low
fall
colo
r.
Red
bud,
Mex
ican
C
erci
s m
exic
ana
15' T
15' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Pin
kish
pur
ple,
smal
l and
abun
dant
Rou
nded
Nat
ive
to M
exic
o.
Mos
t w
idel
y di
strib
uted
is a
sin
gle
trun
k fo
rm.
Lea
ther
y bl
ue-g
reen
, he
art-
shap
ed le
aves
.
Flo
wer
s on
bar
e br
anch
es in
ver
y ea
rly s
prin
g.
Yel
low
fall
colo
r. V
ery
hard
y (t
oler
ates
hea
t an
d fro
st).
Red
bud,
Wes
tern
C
erci
s o
ccid
enta
lis
10-1
8' T
10-1
8' W
Low
Mod
erat
e
Bril
liant
mag
enta
,
smal
l and
abun
dant
Rou
nded
Nat
ive
to s
outh
wes
t U
S,
prol
ific
in C
A fo
othi
lls.
Usu
ally
mul
ti-tr
unke
d.
Larg
e he
art-
shap
ed le
aves
. F
low
ers
on b
are
bran
ches
in v
ery
early
spr
ing.
Y
ello
w fa
ll co
lor.
See
d po
ds p
ersi
st o
n tr
ee in
win
ter.
Res
ista
nt t
o
oak
root
fung
us.
Ver
y dr
ough
t to
lera
nt.
DE
CID
UO
US
Orn
amen
tal
Tre
es f
or
Ho
me
Gar
den
s an
d L
and
scap
es
Des
ert W
illow
, Des
ert
Cat
alpa
Ch
ilo
psi
s li
nea
ris
15-3
0' T
10-2
0' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
Whi
te,
pink
, or
purp
le t
rum
pet
shap
e
Rou
nded
, sp
read
ing
Nat
ive
to S
outh
wes
t an
d M
exic
o. W
ispy
, op
en g
row
th.
Long
, na
rrow
2-5
" le
aves
. F
ragr
ant
flow
ers
from
sprin
g to
fall.
D
evel
ops
shag
gy b
ark
and
twis
ting
trun
k.
Dro
ps le
aves
ear
ly.
Per
sist
ent
seed
pods
thr
ough
win
ter.
S
ever
al v
arie
ties
avai
labl
e.
Frin
ge, C
hine
seC
hio
nan
thu
s re
tusu
s20
' T
15-2
0' W
Mod
erat
eS
low
Nar
row
, fri
nge
like
whi
te fl
ower
s bo
rne
in la
cey
clus
ters
Upr
ight
rou
nded
Nat
ive
to C
hina
. F
emal
e an
d m
ale
tree
s.
Bot
h be
ar fl
ower
s in
late
spr
ing;
onl
y fe
mal
es b
ear
fruit.
F
ringe
type
flow
ers
last
abo
ut 3
wee
ks in
spr
ing
befo
re d
ropp
ing,
but
not
rea
l mes
sy.
Han
dsom
e gr
ay-b
row
n ba
rk
prov
ides
win
ter
inte
rest
. G
ood
patio
tre
e.
Chi
talp
a
Ch
ital
pa
tash
ken
ten
sis
'Pin
k D
awn
'
'Mo
rnin
g C
lou
d'
20-3
0' T
20-3
0' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
Clu
ster
s of
pin
k,
whi
te o
r la
vend
er,
frilly
tru
mpe
t
shap
ed la
rge
flow
ers
Rou
nded
, sp
read
ing
anth
racn
ose?
Pow
dery
mild
ew?
Con
stan
t bl
osso
m
and
leaf
dro
p in
sum
mer
Hyb
rid o
f Cat
alpa
and
Chi
lops
is t
rees
, pr
ovid
es a
tou
gh d
roug
ht t
oler
ant
tree
with
att
ract
ive
flow
er c
lust
ers
and
long
blo
om p
erio
d fro
m s
prin
g th
roug
h fa
ll. L
eave
s 4-
5 in
ches
long
, 1
inch
wid
e.
Rap
id g
row
th
som
etim
es c
ause
s ba
rk t
o sp
lit a
nd w
eep,
but
usu
ally
rec
over
s. A
void
ove
rwat
erin
g. 'P
ink
Daw
n' p
ink
flow
ers.
'Mor
ning
Clo
ud' w
hite
flow
ers.
Sm
oke
Tre
eC
oti
nu
s co
gg
ygri
a15
-20'
T
15-2
0' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Ros
y be
ige
"sm
oke
puffs
" B
road
urn
sha
pe
Nat
ive
from
sou
ther
n E
urop
e to
cen
tral
Chi
na.
Rou
nd le
aves
; pu
rple
leaf
var
ietie
s ar
e av
aila
ble.
F
low
ers
in
sprin
g.
Inflo
resc
ence
res
embl
es s
mok
e pu
ff an
d is
long
last
ing.
N
eeds
fast
dra
inag
e.
Res
ista
nt t
o oa
k ro
ot
fung
us.
Nat
ural
ly m
ulti-
stem
med
, bu
shy
grow
th h
abit.
Fal
l col
or.
Gin
kgo,
Mai
denh
air
Tre
e
Gin
kg
o b
ilo
ba
'Fai
rmo
un
t'
'M
agya
r'
'Sar
ato
ga'
40-5
0' T
25-3
5' W
Mod
erat
eV
ery
slow
Pla
nt m
ale
tree
sP
yram
idal
Fem
ale
tree
s w
ith
foul
sm
ellin
g fru
it
Nat
ive
to C
hina
.
Sel
ect
mal
e tr
ees;
frui
t fro
m fe
mal
e tr
ees
are
foul
sm
ellin
g.
Fan
-sha
ped
leav
es.
Ligh
t
gree
n le
aves
of s
prin
g an
d su
mm
er t
urn
gold
in fa
ll, e
vent
ually
dro
ppin
g al
l at
once
.
'Fai
rmou
nt',
'Mag
yar'
and
'Sar
atog
a' a
re g
ood
varie
ties.
'A
utum
n G
old'
is le
ast
desi
rabl
e.
Hon
ey L
ocus
t
Gle
dit
sia
tria
can
tho
s
iner
mis
'Sh
adem
aste
r'
35-7
0' T
25-3
5'
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Fas
tIn
cons
picu
ous
Upr
ight
ova
l, w
ith
arch
ing
bran
ches
Thor
ny b
ranc
hes
&
trun
ks
1' lo
ng s
eed
pods
Nat
ive
to C
entr
al a
nd E
aste
rn N
orth
Am
eric
a. B
right
yel
low
gre
en,
fern
like
leav
es t
o 10
" lo
ng,
late
to
leaf
out;
yel
low
fall
colo
r. T
rees
pro
vide
filte
red
shad
e. "
Iner
mis
" se
lect
ions
are
tho
rnle
ss w
ith fe
w o
r no
pod
s.
'Sha
dem
aste
r' ha
s m
ore
desi
rabl
e up
right
bra
nch
stru
ctur
e.
Chi
nese
Fla
me
Tre
eK
oel
reu
teri
a b
ipin
nat
a20
-40'
T
20-4
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
eY
ello
w fl
ower
clus
ters
U
prig
ht s
prea
ding
Sel
f-sow
n se
edlin
gs
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn A
sia.
A
ttra
ctiv
e la
nter
n-lik
e pa
pery
see
d po
ds in
sha
des
of o
rang
e, r
ed o
r sa
lmon
form
quic
kly
afte
r flo
wer
s an
d pe
rsis
t in
to fa
ll.
Mor
e at
trac
tive
seed
pods
tha
n G
olde
nrai
n Tr
ee.
Dee
p, n
on-
inva
sive
roo
ts.
Ada
pted
to
man
y so
ils a
s lo
ng a
s dr
aina
ge is
goo
d. G
ood
tree
to
plan
t un
der.
Gol
denr
ain
Tre
e
Ko
elre
ute
ria
pan
icu
lata
'Fas
tig
ata'
'R
ose
Lan
tern
' 'S
epte
mb
er'
20-3
5' T
25-4
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
Fra
gran
t, b
right
yello
w,
show
y
flow
er c
lust
ers
Ope
n, u
prig
ht,
roun
ded
Sel
f-sow
n se
edlin
gs
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn A
sia.
Ope
n br
anch
ing
give
s lig
ht s
hade
. B
uff c
olor
ed la
nter
n-lik
e pa
pery
see
d po
ds c
an
hang
on
tree
into
win
ter.
A
dapt
ed t
o di
ffere
nt s
oils
. T
akes
win
d, c
old,
hea
t an
d dr
ough
t.
Pru
ne t
o sh
ape.
'Fas
tigat
a' (
25' T
, 3'
W)
is c
olum
nar,
'Ros
e La
nter
n' h
as p
inki
sh s
eed
pods
, 'S
epte
mbe
r' bl
oom
s 1
mon
th
late
r ot
hers
.
Gol
den
Cha
in T
ree
Lab
urn
um
x w
ater
eri
'Vo
ssii
'
15-3
0' T
10-2
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
eF
ragr
ant,
brig
ht
yello
w
Ope
n, u
prig
ht,
vase
shap
e
Bas
al s
ucke
rs,
larg
e
seed
pods
, al
l par
ts
are
toxi
c ex
peci
ally
seed
pods
Nat
ive
to c
entr
al a
nd s
outh
ern
Eur
ope.
'V
ossi
i' is
mos
t w
idel
y gr
own
and
grac
eful
var
iety
with
flow
er c
lust
ers
20"
long
. D
oes
bett
er w
ith a
ftern
oon
shad
e.
Brig
ht g
reen
leav
es d
ivid
ed in
to t
hree
leaf
lets
. Te
nden
cy t
o be
a
shru
b, b
ut u
sual
ly p
rune
d to
sin
gle
trun
k.
Cra
pe M
yrtle
Lag
erst
roem
ia i
nd
ica
up t
o 25
' T
up t
o 25
' WM
oder
ate
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
e
Sho
wy
flow
ers
in
sum
mer
Rou
nded
Pow
dery
mild
ew,
aphi
ds a
nd h
oney
dew
Nat
ive
to C
hina
. G
row
in fu
ll su
n. S
how
y su
mm
er fl
ower
s in
sha
des
of w
hite
, pi
nk,
mag
enta
, re
d an
d
lave
nder
. F
all c
olor
and
att
ract
ive
bark
pro
vide
add
ed in
tere
st.
Gro
wn
as a
sin
gle
or m
ulti-
trun
k.
Man
y
culti
vars
ava
ilabl
e.
Cra
pe M
yrtle
hybr
ids
Lag
erst
roem
ia h
ybri
ds
(in
dic
a x
fau
riei
)
8-25
' T
8-25
' WM
oder
ate
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
e
Sho
wy
flow
ers
in
sum
mer
Rou
nded
Aph
ids
and
hone
ydew
Hyb
rids
from
Chi
nese
and
Jap
anes
e sp
ecie
s. C
ultiv
ars
sele
cted
for
hard
ines
s, m
ildew
res
ista
nce,
and
impr
oved
fall
colo
r. G
row
in fu
ll su
n. S
how
y su
mm
er fl
ower
s in
sha
des
of w
hite
, pi
nk,
mag
enta
, re
d an
d
lave
nder
. F
all c
olor
and
att
ract
ive
bark
pro
vide
add
ed in
tere
st.
Gro
wn
as a
sin
gle
or m
ulti-
trun
k.
Am
eric
an S
wee
t Gum
Liq
uid
amb
ar s
tyra
cifl
ua
'Ch
ero
kee
'
'Ro
tun
dil
ob
a'
'Wo
rple
sdo
n'
60' T
30' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
eIn
cons
picu
ous
Pyr
amid
al
Sur
face
roo
ts,
spin
y
roun
d se
edpo
ds,
chlo
rosi
s
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
Map
le li
ke le
aves
pro
vide
mag
nific
ent
fall
colo
r.
Pur
chas
e fo
r fo
liage
col
or c
hoic
e.
Nee
ds n
eutr
al o
r sl
ight
ly a
cid
soil
cond
ition
s; c
hlor
osis
dev
elop
s in
alk
alin
e so
ils.
'Rot
undi
loba
' pro
duce
s no
seed
pod
s an
d ha
s ro
unde
d le
af e
dge.
Tul
ip T
ree
Lir
iod
end
ron
tu
lip
ifer
a70
' T
40' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
to F
ast
Larg
e, t
ulip
-
shap
ed,
yello
w
gree
n w
ith o
rang
e
cent
er
Ova
lA
phid
s an
d
hone
ydew
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
Unu
sual
leaf
and
flow
er s
hape
. Ta
kes
year
s to
blo
om.
Blo
oms
conc
eale
d by
leav
es
and
are
high
in t
ree.
G
reat
yel
low
fall
colo
r.
Per
form
s be
st in
neu
tral
to
slig
htly
aci
d so
il.
Sha
llow
fles
hy
root
s in
hibi
t un
derp
lant
ing.
'Arn
old'
or
'Fas
tigia
tum
' (50
' T,
15' W
) is
col
umna
r an
d bl
oom
s in
just
a fe
w y
ears
.
Mag
nolia
, Sau
cer
Mag
no
lia
x so
ula
ng
ean
a
'Lil
ipu
tian
'
'Ru
stic
a R
ub
ra'
up t
o 25
' T
25' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Slo
w
Whi
te,
pink
, or
purp
lish
red,
tul
ip
shap
ed,
fragr
ant
flow
ers
3-6"
wid
e
Upr
ight
, sp
read
ing,
beco
min
g ro
und
with
age
Sen
sitiv
e to
alk
alin
ity
Sou
lang
eana
s ar
e co
mm
only
cal
led
the
tulip
tre
e be
caus
e of
flow
er s
hape
. T
hey
tend
to
be s
mal
ler
tree
s
with
mul
titru
nks
com
pare
d to
M.
gran
diflo
ra.
B
loom
s la
te w
inte
r in
to s
prin
g.
Goo
d la
wn
tree
s.
Man
y
culti
vars
ava
ilabl
e. 'L
illip
utia
n" is
sm
alle
r (1
8' T
, 10
-15'
W).
'Rus
tica
Rub
ra' (
20' T
, 20
' W)
grow
s fa
ster
and
is
mor
e tr
ee li
ke;
has
rose
red
flow
ers
and
seed
pod
s.
Mag
nolia
hyb
rids
Mag
no
lia
x sp
p.
'Bu
tter
flie
s'
'Gal
axy'
'Vu
lcan
' 'Y
ello
w B
ird
'
20-4
0' T
15-2
5' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
e
Larg
e an
d sh
owy,
size
and
col
or
diffe
rs
Pyr
amid
al t
o ov
alS
ensi
tive
to a
lkal
inity
Slig
htly
frag
rant
blo
oms
in m
id-s
prin
g be
fore
leav
es e
mer
ge.
Avo
id p
lant
ing
in e
xtre
mel
y ho
t lo
catio
ns,
such
as s
ites
with
hot
, re
flect
ive
surfa
ces.
'But
terfl
ies'
(2
0' T
, 15
' W)
light
yel
low
4-5
" flo
wer
s w
ith r
ed s
tam
ens.
'Gal
axy'
(35
' T,
20' W
) gr
ows
fast
, br
ight
red
pur
ple
blos
som
s up
to
5" a
cros
s.
'Vul
can'
(25
' T,
25' W
) ru
by
red
blos
som
s, 1
0-12
" ac
ross
. 'Y
ello
w B
ird' (
40' T
, 20
' W)
tal
ler
with
dee
pest
yel
low
5"
flow
ers.
Mag
nolia
, Sta
rM
agn
oli
a st
ella
ta10
' T
20' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Slo
w
Whi
te,
3" a
cros
s,
man
y na
rrow
peta
ls
Rou
nded
Sen
sitiv
e to
alk
alin
ityP
rofu
se b
loom
com
es la
te w
inte
r to
ear
ly s
prin
g, b
efor
e le
afou
t.
Pal
e gr
een
leav
es.
Sm
all s
hrub
by t
ree;
nic
e
acce
nt t
ree.
F
inel
y te
xtur
ed a
ppea
ranc
e fro
m t
wig
s an
d le
aves
.
Flo
wer
ing
Cra
bapp
le
Mal
us
spp
.
'Pra
irif
ire'
'R
ed J
ade'
'Sn
ow
Dri
ft'
'Str
awb
erry
Par
fait
'
20' T
20-2
5' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
Sho
wy
sprin
g
bloo
m w
ith s
mal
l
whi
te-p
ink
blos
som
s
Gra
cefu
lly s
prea
ding
,
roun
ded
Aph
ids,
fire
blig
ht,
som
e su
cker
s, s
mal
l
fruit
Nat
ive
to N
orth
Am
eric
a, E
urop
e, A
sia.
'P
rairi
fire'
, 'S
now
drift
' and
'Str
awbe
rry
Par
fait'
cul
tivar
s ar
e he
at,
pest
,
and
dise
ase
resi
stan
t. 'P
rairi
fire'
has
dee
p pi
nkis
h re
d flo
wer
s; y
oung
leav
es a
re m
aroo
n be
fore
tur
ning
gre
en;
redd
ish
bark
. 'R
ed J
ade'
(15
' T,
15' W
) is
gra
cefu
l, w
eepi
ng fo
rm w
ith s
mal
l, si
ngle
whi
te fl
ower
s; r
ed fr
uit;
mod
erat
e di
seas
e re
sist
ance
. D
ozen
s of
cra
bapp
le c
ultiv
ars
are
avai
labl
e.
Tup
elo
Nys
sa s
ylva
tica
'fo
rum
'35
' T
20' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
e
Inco
nspi
cuou
s,
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e
tree
s
Pyr
amid
al w
hen
youn
g, r
ound
ed w
ith
age
Fem
ale
tree
s pr
oduc
e
smal
l fru
its t
hat
drop
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
Rel
ativ
ely
new
tre
e fo
r S
JV.
'For
um' c
ultiv
ar is
sel
ecte
d fo
r its
form
. F
iery
ora
nge-
red
fall
colo
r.
Chi
nese
Pis
tach
eP
ista
cia
chin
ensi
s
'Kei
th D
avey
'
30-4
0' T
30-4
0' W
Low
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
eIn
cons
picu
ous
Rou
nded
Fem
ale
tree
s pr
oduc
e
drie
d cl
uste
rs o
f tin
y
seed
bal
ls
Nat
ive
to C
hina
. U
sefu
l str
eet,
sha
de,
or g
arde
n tr
ee.
Goo
d fa
ll co
lor.
To
lera
tes
a w
ide
rang
e of
soi
ls a
nd
wat
er c
ondi
tions
. R
oots
are
not
pro
blem
atic
nea
r si
dew
alks
or
driv
eway
s.
'Kei
th D
avey
' is
a po
pula
r m
ale
graf
ted
culti
var
prod
ucin
g no
frui
t an
d de
ep r
ed fa
ll co
lor.
Lond
on P
lane
Tre
e
Pla
tan
us
x ac
erfo
lia
'Blo
od
go
od
' 'Y
arw
oo
d'
'Co
lum
bia
'
40-8
0' T
30-4
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Fas
tIn
cons
picu
ous
Bro
adly
pyr
amid
al
Leaf
litt
er;
ball
shap
ed s
eed
pods
hang
on
tree
thr
ough
win
ter
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
Scu
lptu
ral b
ranc
h pa
tter
n in
win
ter.
Cre
amy
new
bar
k w
eath
ers
to g
ray.
Tol
erat
es
mos
t so
il co
nditi
ons
and
air
qual
ity.
Dee
ply
lobe
d le
aves
tur
n du
sty
brow
n in
fall.
'B
lood
good
' res
ista
nt t
o
anth
racn
ose
and
ofte
n us
ed in
mal
ls,
park
s, s
hopp
ing
cent
ers.
'Y
arw
ood'
res
ista
nt t
o m
ildew
and
som
ewha
t
to a
nthr
acno
se.
Cal
iforn
ia S
ycam
ore
Pla
tan
us
race
mo
sa30
-80'
T
20-5
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Fas
tIn
cons
picu
ous
Bro
adly
pyr
amid
al t
o
roun
ded
Leaf
litt
er;
ball
shap
ed s
eed
pods
hang
on
tree
thr
ough
win
ter;
ant
hrac
nose
Nat
ive
to C
alifo
rnia
. F
ast
grow
ing
larg
e tr
ee w
ith b
eaut
iful f
orm
. A
ttra
ctiv
e ba
rk,
deep
ly lo
bed
larg
e le
aves
.
Gro
ws
natu
ral a
long
wat
er w
ays.
B
row
n le
aves
han
g on
tre
e un
til s
prin
g gr
owth
sta
rts.
Plu
m, P
urpl
e-Le
af
Pru
nu
s ce
rasi
fera
'Kra
ute
r V
esu
viu
s'
'New
po
rt'
'Th
un
der
clo
ud
'
'Pu
rple
Po
ny'
10-2
0' T
12-2
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
to F
ast
Pal
e pi
nk,
prof
use
bloo
m in
spr
ing
Rou
nded
Aph
ids,
frui
t
Nat
ive
to s
outh
east
Eur
ope,
sou
thw
est
Asi
a.
Dar
k pu
rple
folia
ge h
olds
col
or t
hrou
ghou
t se
ason
. W
ill fa
il if
soil
is w
ater
logg
ed fo
r pr
olon
ged
perio
ds.
O
ld c
ultiv
ars
prod
uce
heav
y cr
op o
f red
1½
inch
frui
t,
e.g.
'Atr
opur
pure
a' .
New
er,
popu
lar
culti
vars
incl
ude:
'Kra
uter
Ves
uviu
s' h
as d
arke
st fo
liage
, pr
oduc
es li
ttle
or
no fr
uit.
'New
port
' bea
rs w
hite
to
pale
pin
k flo
wer
s, p
rodu
ces
a li
ttle
frui
t.
'Pur
ple
Pon
y' (
10-1
2'T,
12'
W)
is
smal
ler
and
fruitl
ess.
Che
rry,
Flo
wer
ing
Pru
nu
s 'O
kam
e'
(P.
inci
sa x
P.
cam
pan
ula
ta)
25' T
20' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
eP
ale
pink
, pr
ofus
e
bloo
m in
spr
ing
Upr
ight
ova
lA
phid
sN
ativ
e to
Asi
a. D
ark
gree
n, fi
ne t
extu
red
folia
ge w
ith y
ello
w-o
rang
e to
red
fall
colo
r. V
ery
early
, lo
ng-la
stin
g
bloo
m.
Avo
id h
eavy
, po
orly
dra
inin
g so
ils.
Will
fail
if so
il is
wat
erlo
gged
for
prol
onge
d pe
riods
.
Pea
r, C
alle
ry
(Flo
wer
ing)
Pyr
us
call
erya
na
'Cap
ital
' 'C
han
ticl
eer'
'Jac
k'
'New
Bra
dfo
rd'
'Sil
ver
Bal
l'
15-4
0' T
10-3
0' W
Mod
erat
eF
ast
Whi
te,
prof
use
bloo
m in
spr
ing
Var
ies,
dep
endi
ng o
n
culti
var
Fire
blig
ht
Nat
ive
to A
sia.
Ver
y ea
rly s
prin
g bl
oom
. F
orm
s ve
ry s
mal
l ine
dibl
e fru
it, n
ot c
onsi
dere
d pr
oble
mat
ic.
Fal
l
colo
r ra
nges
yel
low
, re
d, t
o pu
rple
. 'C
apita
l' up
right
bra
nche
s fo
rm d
istin
ct c
olum
nar
shap
e (4
0' T
, 15
' W),
copp
ery
fall
colo
r.
'Cha
ntic
leer
' res
ista
nt t
o fir
eblig
ht,
nar
row
ly p
yram
idal
(40
' T,
15' W
), r
eddi
sh p
urpl
e fa
ll
colo
r. 'J
ack'
com
pact
, up
right
ova
l for
m (
15' T
, 10
' W),
yel
low
fall
colo
r.
'New
Bra
dfor
d' b
road
ly o
val t
o
roun
ded
shap
e (3
5' T
, 30
' W),
yel
low
to
oran
ge r
ed fa
ll co
lor,
str
onge
r br
anch
es t
han
'Bra
dfor
d.'
'Silv
er B
all'
roun
ded
dwar
f var
iety
(12
' T,
12' W
), s
ilver
y fo
liage
, ye
llow
-ora
nge
fall
colo
r, v
ery
resi
stan
t to
fire
blig
ht.
Pea
r, E
verg
reen
Pyr
us
kaw
akam
ii
15-3
0' T
15-3
0' W
Mod
erat
eF
ast
Whi
te,
prof
use
bloo
m in
spr
ing
Rou
nded
Fire
blig
ht
Nat
ive
to T
aiw
an.
Ver
y ea
rly s
prin
g bl
oom
. F
orm
s ve
ry s
mal
l ine
dibl
e fru
it, n
ot c
onsi
dere
d pr
oble
mat
ic.
Glo
ssy
gree
n le
aves
. N
eeds
pru
ning
whe
n yo
ung,
att
ract
ive
tree
whe
n pr
oper
ly s
hape
d. C
an b
e es
palie
red.
Rou
gh,
dark
, te
xtur
ed b
ark
prov
ides
gre
at c
ontr
ast
with
whi
te b
loom
. To
lera
tes
man
y so
ils.
Ver
y su
scep
tible
to fi
rebl
ight
. A
n ev
ergr
een
tree
onl
y w
here
win
ters
are
mild
.
Co
mm
on
na
me
Bo
tan
ical
nam
eM
atu
re
Siz
e
Wa
ter
ne
ed
s
Gro
wth
rate
Flo
we
rsT
ree
Sh
ap
eP
ote
nti
al
Pro
ble
ms
Co
mm
en
ts
DE
CID
UO
US
Orn
am
en
tal
Tre
es f
or
Ho
me G
ard
en
s a
nd
Lan
dscap
es
Oak
, Crim
son
Spi
re
Qu
ercu
s h
ybri
d
(Q.
alb
a x
Q.
rob
ur)
'Cri
mso
n S
pir
e'
45' T
15' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Inco
nspi
cuou
sC
olum
nar,
nar
row
at
top
Deb
risH
ybrid
bet
wee
n th
e w
hite
and
Eng
lish
oaks
. D
ark
gree
n to
blu
e gr
een
folia
ge t
hat
turn
s ru
sty
red
in fa
ll.
Col
umna
r sh
ape
is d
istin
ctiv
e. A
corn
s ab
out
3/4"
long
.
Oak
, Hun
garia
n or
Italia
n
Qu
ercu
s fr
ain
etto
'Fo
rest
Gre
en'
'Tru
mp
'
50' T
30' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sU
prig
ht o
val
Deb
ris
Nat
ive
to s
outh
ern
Italy
, B
alka
ns,
and
Rom
ania
. S
tron
g ce
ntra
l lea
der
prov
ides
sym
met
rical
sha
pe.
Dee
p
gree
n, g
loss
y, lo
bed
leav
es c
reat
e at
trac
tive
sum
mer
folia
ge.
Yel
low
ish
fall
colo
r.
Dro
ught
res
ista
nt a
nd
adap
tabl
e. 'F
ores
t G
reen
' and
'Tru
mp'
are
sug
gest
ed c
ultiv
ars.
2-
4 ro
und
acor
ns p
er c
lust
er 1
/2 t
o 3/
4" lo
ng.
Oak
, Val
ley
Qu
ercu
s lo
bat
a75
' T
75' W
Low
Slo
wIn
cons
picu
ous
Rou
nded
, op
enD
ebris
Nat
ive
to C
alifo
rnia
's C
entr
al V
alle
y.
Mas
sive
, m
ajes
tic t
ree
with
age
, re
quire
s gr
eat
spac
e fo
r ro
ots
and
cano
py.
Nee
ds m
inim
al w
ater
ing
once
est
ablis
hed
and
over
wat
erin
g ca
uses
ear
ly t
ree
failu
re.
Cho
ose
unde
rsto
ry p
lant
s ca
refu
lly.
Rai
n of
deb
ris t
hrou
ghou
t ye
ar fr
om o
lder
tre
es c
an b
e a
nuis
ance
. Le
aves
are
deep
ly c
ut w
ith r
ound
ed lo
bes.
Inte
rest
ing,
har
mle
ss g
alls
form
on
leav
es.
Aco
rns
are
1.5
- 2"
in s
ize.
Imm
une
to S
udde
n O
ak D
eath
.
Oak
, Pin
Qu
ercu
s p
alu
stri
s50
-80'
T
30-4
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
to F
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sP
yram
idal
bec
omin
g
open
rou
nded
Deb
risN
ativ
e to
eas
tern
US
. W
on't
tole
rate
alk
alin
e so
ils.
Can
be
plan
ted
in la
wns
. Le
aves
are
3-6
inch
es lo
ng,
deep
ly c
ut.
Dea
d le
aves
han
g on
tre
e un
til n
ew g
row
th b
egin
s in
spr
ing.
Rou
nded
aco
rns
to 3
/4"
in d
iam
eter
.
Oak
, Reg
al P
rince
Qu
ercu
s ro
bu
r x
Q.
bic
olo
r 'L
on
g'
45' T
18' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Inco
nspi
cuou
sC
olum
nar
to n
arro
w
oval
Deb
risA
dapt
able
hyb
rid o
f Eng
lish
and
swam
p w
hite
oak
. G
loss
y, b
right
gre
en le
aves
with
yel
low
fall
colo
r. N
otab
le
colu
mna
r fo
rm.
Aco
rns
abou
t 1"
long
.
Oak
, Red
Qu
ercu
s ru
bra
50-7
5' T
50' W
Mod
erat
eF
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sS
prea
ding
and
roun
ded
Deb
ris
Nat
ive
to E
aste
rn N
orth
Am
eric
a. D
eep-
root
ed,
high
bra
nchi
ng h
abit,
ope
n sh
ade.
N
eeds
fert
ile s
oil a
nd
regu
lar
wat
er,
suita
ble
for
law
ns.
New
leav
es a
re r
ed t
o ye
llow
, da
rk g
reen
in s
umm
er,
turn
ing
dark
red
to
oran
ge b
row
n in
fall.
A
corn
s ab
out
1" lo
ng.
Japa
nese
Pag
oda
(Chi
nese
Sch
olar
)
So
ph
ora
jap
on
ica
'Reg
ent'
50-7
0' T
50-7
0' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Cre
amy
clus
ters
of
flow
ers
in s
umm
er
follo
wed
by
pods
Upr
ight
rou
nded
Flo
wer
s an
d po
ds
can
stai
n ha
rdsc
ape
Nat
ive
to C
hina
and
Kor
ea.
Sm
ooth
bar
k w
hen
youn
g th
at e
vent
ually
rou
ghen
s an
d fu
rrow
s de
eply
. L
eave
s
are
6-10
inch
es lo
ng,
com
pose
d of
7-1
7 le
afle
ts.
Pod
s ar
e 2-
3.5
inch
es lo
ng.
'Reg
ent'
is e
xcep
tiona
lly
vigo
rous
and
uni
form
.
Goo
d la
wn
tree
.
Japa
nese
Sno
wdr
op
(Sno
wba
ll or
Sno
wbe
ll)
Sty
rax
jap
on
ica
'Sn
ow
Ch
arm
'
'Sn
ow
con
e'
30' T
30' W
Hea
vyS
low
Whi
te b
ell-s
hape
d
flow
ers
hang
in
clus
ters
Rou
nded
, sp
read
ing
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn A
sia.
S
lend
er t
runk
with
str
ongl
y ho
rizon
tal b
ranc
hes.
Nee
ds w
ell d
rain
ed,
non-
alka
line
soil
and
afte
rnoo
n sh
ade.
Sca
llope
d m
argi
ns o
n da
rk g
reen
3"
long
ova
l lea
ves.
Red
or
yello
w fa
ll co
lor.
Non
-
aggr
essi
ve r
oots
. 'S
now
Cha
rm' l
arge
r le
aves
, ro
unde
d fo
rm (
20' T
, 20
' W).
'S
now
cone
' den
se b
road
pyr
amid
(25'
T,
20' W
).
Bal
d C
ypre
ss
Tax
od
ium
dis
tich
um
'Cas
cad
e F
alls
'
'Sh
awn
ee B
rave
'
50-7
0' T
20-3
0' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
cone
sP
yram
idal
Nat
ive
to s
outh
east
ern
US
. F
eath
ery,
yel
low
-gre
en le
aves
. S
mal
l rou
nded
con
es.
Inte
rest
ing
silh
ouet
te in
win
ter.
'C
asca
de F
alls
' is
fast
gro
win
g w
eepi
ng fo
rm (
20' T
, 20
' W).
'Sha
wne
e B
rave
' for
ms
a na
rrow
pyr
amid
15-2
5' W
.
Littl
e-Le
af L
inde
n
Til
ia c
ord
ata
'Ch
ance
llo
r'
'Co
rin
thia
n' '
Gre
ensp
ire'
'Har
vest
Go
ld' '
Su
mm
er
Sp
rite
'
30-5
0' T
15-3
0' W
Hea
vyM
oder
ate
Clu
ster
s of
yello
wis
h-w
hite
flow
ers
Pyr
amid
alA
phid
s
Nat
ive
to E
urop
e.
Goo
d la
wn
tree
. Le
aves
hav
e da
rk-g
reen
upp
er a
nd s
ilver
und
ersi
des,
ser
rate
d m
argi
ns.
Flo
wer
s de
velo
p in
to s
mal
l nut
lets
tha
t lo
ok li
ke b
errie
s, r
arel
y a
nuis
ance
. Y
ello
w fa
ll co
lor.
'Cha
ncel
lor'
uprig
ht-t
ight
ly p
yram
idal
(35
' T,
20' W
), 'C
orin
thia
n' c
olum
nar
shap
e (4
5' T
, 15
' W),
'Gre
ensp
ire' (
40' T
, 30
' W),
'Har
vest
Gol
d' g
olde
n ye
llow
in fa
ll (4
0' T
, 30
' W),
'Sum
mer
Spr
ite' s
low
-gro
win
g dw
arf f
orm
(20
' T,
10' W
).
Elm
, Chi
nese
(Chi
nese
Eve
rgre
en
Elm
)
Ulm
us
par
vifo
lia
'Ath
ena
Cla
ssic
' 'D
rak
e'
'Tru
e G
reen
'
30-5
0' T
35-4
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Fas
tIn
cons
picu
ous
Var
ies,
dep
endi
ng o
n
culti
var
Sof
t sc
ale,
hone
ydew
, an
d so
oty
mol
d
Nat
ive
to A
sia.
Pen
dulo
us b
ranc
hing
can
bec
ome
dens
e, t
hin
bran
ches
to
avoi
d w
ind
dam
age
and
min
imiz
e
scal
e in
fest
atio
n.
Mot
tled
bark
. U
sual
ly d
ecid
uous
, ra
rely
sem
i-eve
rgre
en in
our
are
a.
'Ath
ena
Cla
ssic
'
broa
dly
roun
ded
(35'
T,
50' W
),
'Dra
ke' (
35' T
, 35
' W)
has
smal
ler
leav
es a
nd a
wee
ping
hab
it.
'Tru
e G
reen
'
(50'
T,
65' W
) ha
s sm
all,
deep
gre
en le
aves
.
Cha
ste
Tre
eV
itex
ag
nu
s-ca
stu
s15
-25'
T
15-2
5' W
Mod
erat
eF
ast
6-12
" sp
ikes
of
pink
, w
hite
, or
lave
nder
flow
ers
Rou
nded
, sp
read
ing
Vol
unte
er s
eedl
ings
Nat
ive
to M
edite
rran
ean
and
Cen
tral
Asi
a. B
loom
s su
mm
er t
o fa
ll an
d at
trac
ts b
utte
rflie
s an
d hu
mm
ingb
irds.
Rou
nded
, pe
pper
corn
-like
see
ds fa
ll an
d oc
casi
onal
ly s
prou
t. S
mal
l, de
licat
e lo
okin
g tr
ee,
usua
lly m
ulti-
trun
k th
at t
hriv
es in
sum
mer
hea
t.
Look
s be
st w
ith a
nnua
l pru
ning
to
shap
e. P
alm
ate
leav
es a
re s
light
ly
arom
atic
, gr
eyis
h gr
een.
P
refe
rs w
ell-d
rain
ed s
oil.
Res
ists
oak
roo
t fu
ngus
.
Zelk
ova,
Saw
leaf
Zel
ko
va s
erra
ta
'Gre
en V
ase'
'Hal
ka'
'Mu
sash
ino
'
'Vil
lag
e G
reen
'
'Wir
eles
s'
25-5
0' T
15-4
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
to fa
stIn
cons
picu
ous
Vas
e sh
aped
to
spre
adin
g, d
epen
ds
on c
ultiv
ar
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn A
sia,
rel
ated
to
elm
tre
es.
Sm
ooth
, gr
ay b
ark
and
narr
owly
ova
l, 2-
3.5"
long
, sa
w-t
ooth
ed
leav
es.
Take
s w
ide
rang
e of
soi
ls;
drou
ght
and
win
d to
lera
nt.
Pru
ne w
hen
youn
g to
dev
elop
goo
d br
anch
stru
ctur
e. 'G
reen
Vas
e' (
45' T
, 30
' W),
vas
e-sh
ape
with
upr
ight
arc
hing
bra
nche
s, g
race
ful,
prod
uces
dap
pled
shad
e, o
rang
e fa
ll co
lor.
'Hal
ka' (
45' T
, 35
' W),
fast
est
grow
ing,
upr
ight
vas
e, g
race
ful,
yet
dens
e ca
nopy
,
yello
w fa
ll co
lor.
'M
usas
hino
' (45
' T,
15' W
) na
rrow
, up
right
vas
e, a
lmos
t co
lum
nar,
idea
l for
nar
row
spa
ces,
yello
w fa
ll co
lor.
'Vill
age
Gre
en' (
40' T
, 40
' W),
rou
nded
-vas
e, d
ense
, da
rk g
reen
folia
ge,
rust
y re
d fa
ll co
lor.
'Wire
less
' (24
' T,
36' W
), b
road
ly s
prea
ding
vas
e, g
ood
unde
r ut
ility
line
s, r
ed fa
ll co
lor.
Co
mp
ile
d b
y M
. L
eS
tra
ng
e &
C.
Ro
nk,
UC
Ma
ste
r G
ard
en
er
Pro
gra
m o
f T
ula
re &
Kin
gs
Co
un
tie
s-
2011
Co
mp
iled
by M
. L
eS
tran
ge
& C
. R
on
k,
UC
Ma
ste
r G
ard
en
er
Pro
gra
m o
f T
ula
re &
Kin
gs C
ou
nti
es
- 2011
Co
mm
on
na
me
Bo
tan
ical
nam
eM
atu
re
Siz
e
Wa
ter
ne
ed
s
Gro
wth
rate
Flo
we
rsT
ree
Sh
ap
eP
ote
nti
al
Pro
ble
ms
Co
mm
en
ts
Aca
cia,
Sho
estr
ing
Aca
cia
sten
op
hyl
la30
' T
20' W
Low
Fas
t
Cre
amy
flow
er
clus
ters
, 1/
2" r
ound
balls
Wee
ping
Nat
ive
to t
ropi
cal r
egio
ns in
clud
ing
sout
hwes
tern
US
. P
ale
gree
n, d
roop
ing
leav
es,
unus
ually
nar
row
to
16
inch
es lo
ng.
P
rovi
des
light
filte
red
shad
e. N
ew b
ark
is m
aroo
n in
col
or.
Flo
wer
s in
spr
ing.
Arb
utus
, Mar
ina
Arb
utu
s 'M
arin
a'20
-40'
T
20-4
0' W
Low
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
e
Clu
ster
s of
urn
shap
ed r
osy
pink
flow
ers
Upr
ight
spr
eadi
ng,
then
droo
ping
Dec
orat
ive
fruit,
aph
ids
Hyb
rid o
f unc
erta
in p
aren
tage
. V
ery
sim
ilar
to A
. un
edo,
but
easi
er t
o gr
ow a
s a
sing
le t
runk
and
has
larg
er
leav
es.
Spr
ing
and
fall
bloo
m.
Arb
utus
, Str
awbe
rry
Arb
utu
s u
ned
o
'Elf
in K
ing
'
'Oct
ob
erfe
st'
'Co
mp
acta
'
20-4
0' T
20-4
0' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eS
low
Clu
ster
s of
urn
shap
ed w
hite
-pin
k
flow
ers
Upr
ight
rou
nded
Dec
orat
ive
fruit,
aph
ids
Nat
ive
to s
outh
ern
Eur
ope
and
Irela
nd.
Bra
nche
s an
d tr
unk
have
dee
p re
d-br
own,
pee
ling
bark
. D
ark
gree
n
leav
es.
Spr
ing
bloo
m.
Att
ract
ive
mul
ti-tr
unk
tree
s w
hen
full
grow
n. C
an b
e pl
ante
d in
law
ns.
Dw
arf v
arie
ties
incl
ude
'Elfi
n K
ing'
(5'
T),
'Oct
ober
fest
' (8'
T),
and
'Com
pact
a' (
10' T
).
Bee
fwoo
d, S
he-O
akC
asu
arin
a st
rict
a20
-35'
T
20-3
5' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sU
prig
ht r
ound
edC
one-
like
fruit
Nat
ive
to A
ustr
alia
. D
ark
gree
n br
anch
es lo
ok li
ke p
ine
need
les.
To
lera
tes
dry
or w
et s
oil,
salin
ity,
heat
and
win
d.
Litt
le p
runi
ng n
eede
d.
Ced
ar, I
ncen
seC
alo
ced
rus
dec
urr
ens
75-9
0' T
10-1
5' W
Mod
erat
eS
low
to
Mod
erat
e
Sm
all b
row
nish
cone
sN
arro
wly
pyr
amid
al
Nat
ive
to m
ount
ain
area
s of
Ore
gon,
CA
, w
este
rn N
evad
a an
d no
rthe
rn B
aja
CA
. D
ark
gree
n fo
liage
in fl
at
spra
ys.
Att
ract
ive
brow
n ba
rk.
Pun
gent
frag
ranc
e. T
akes
hot
sum
mer
tem
pera
ture
s an
d to
lera
tes
poor
soi
ls.
No
prun
ing
need
ed.
Gre
at t
ree
for
scre
enin
g or
win
dbre
ak.
Ced
ar, B
lue
Atla
s
Ced
rus
atla
nti
ca
'Gla
uca
'
'Gla
uca
Pen
du
la'
65' T
30' W
Mod
erat
eS
low
to
Mod
erat
eIn
cons
picu
ous
Bro
adly
pyr
amid
al
Pol
len;
sap
suck
ers
Nat
ive
to N
orth
Afri
ca.
Ced
ars
are
coni
fers
and
bea
r ne
edle
s in
tuf
ted
clus
ters
. N
eedl
es le
ss t
han
1 in
ch
long
.
Dra
mat
ic a
ccen
t tr
ee.
Silv
ery-
blue
folia
ge.
Avo
id h
eavy
cla
y so
ils a
nd p
rovi
de g
ood
drai
nage
. 'G
lauc
a
Pen
dula
' (2
0' T
, 15
' W)
is a
wee
ping
form
with
blu
e ne
edle
s.
Ced
ar, D
eoda
rC
edru
s d
eod
ara
80' T
40' W
Mod
erat
eF
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sP
yram
idal
Nat
ive
to H
imal
aya.
S
ofte
r, li
ghte
r te
xtur
e th
an o
ther
ced
ars.
Lo
wer
bra
nche
s sw
eep
dow
n to
gro
und,
upp
er
bran
ches
lilt
upw
ards
, to
p no
ds.
Avo
id h
eavy
cla
y so
ils a
nd p
rovi
de g
ood
drai
nage
. A
void
und
erpl
antin
g.
Nee
ds s
pace
. V
ario
us d
war
f for
ms
avai
labl
e.
Car
ob
Cer
ato
nia
sil
iqu
a30
-40'
T
30-4
0' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Sm
all r
ed fl
ower
s U
prig
ht r
ound
edLa
rge
seed
pod
s,
surfa
ce r
oots
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn M
edite
rran
ean.
G
loss
y da
rk g
reen
, de
nse
folia
ge.
Lea
ves
have
4-1
0 ro
und
leaf
lets
, ea
ch
abou
t 2"
long
. F
low
ers
in s
prin
g.
Flo
wer
s of
mal
e tr
ees
have
not
icea
ble
odor
, bu
t sh
ort-
lived
. F
emal
e tr
ees
prod
uce
1' lo
ng fl
at b
row
n be
an p
ods,
han
g on
tre
e an
d ev
entu
ally
dro
p. P
ods
used
for
caro
b po
wde
r. V
ery
drou
ght
tole
rant
. R
esis
tant
to
oak
root
fung
us.
Cam
phor
Cin
nam
om
um
cam
ph
ora
60' T
60' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Inco
nspi
cuou
s, b
ut
fragr
ant
yello
wU
prig
ht r
ound
edIn
vasi
ve R
oots
Nat
ive
to C
hina
and
Jap
an.
Blo
oms
prof
usel
y in
late
spr
ing.
Pal
e gr
een
arom
atic
leav
es.
Mas
sive
tre
e,
subs
tant
ial s
truc
ture
. N
eeds
spa
ce fo
r ro
ots
and
leaf
litt
er.
Pur
ple
Hop
seed
Do
do
nae
a vi
sco
sa
'pu
rpu
rea'
10-1
5' T
10-1
5' W
Low
to
mod
erat
e
Mod
erat
e
to F
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sS
hrub
-like
Nat
ive
to s
outh
wes
t U
S a
nd H
awai
i. F
ast
grow
ing
shru
b w
ith m
any
uprig
ht s
tem
s.
Can
be
trai
ned
to t
ree
form
. W
illow
-like
gre
en le
aves
tha
t tu
rn p
urpl
e an
d br
onze
in w
inte
r.
Flo
wer
s in
late
spr
ing.
P
aper
y se
ed
pods
are
sho
wy
and
long
last
ing.
Japa
nese
Blu
eber
ryE
laeo
carp
us
dec
ipie
ns
30-6
0' T
20-3
0' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Tiny
whi
te fl
ower
s in
1-3"
clu
ster
s,
fragr
ant
Upr
ight
ova
l
Nat
ive
to C
hina
and
Jap
an.
Inte
rest
ing
leaf
col
or:
new
leav
es a
re r
ust
colo
red
turn
ing
gree
n w
ith a
ge,
and
then
red
in fa
ll. F
low
ers
in s
umm
er.
Blu
e-bl
ack
fruit
rese
mbl
e sm
all o
lives
, bu
t no
t pr
oble
mat
ic.
Lik
es w
ell-
drai
ned
soils
. 'L
ittle
Em
pero
r' (6
-10'
T a
nd W
).
Loqu
at, B
ronz
eE
rio
bo
trya
def
lexa
15-2
5' T
10-2
0' W
Mod
erat
eF
ast
Cre
amy
whi
te
garla
nds
Shr
ub-li
keF
irebl
ight
Nat
ive
to C
hina
. S
hrub
by p
lant
eas
ily t
rain
ed in
to a
tre
e.
Ofte
n es
palie
red.
N
ew le
aves
em
erge
brig
ht
copp
er a
nd h
old
that
col
or fo
r a
long
tim
e be
fore
tur
ning
gre
en.
Flo
wer
s in
spr
ing.
N
o ed
ible
frui
t.
Gua
va, P
inea
pple
Fei
joa
sell
ow
ian
a18
-20'
T
18-2
0' W
Mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
4 w
hite
pet
als
cont
rast
ing
with
tuf
ts
of r
ed s
tam
ens
Shr
ub-li
keF
ruit
drop
Nat
ive
to S
outh
Am
eric
a. S
hrub
by p
lant
eas
ily t
rain
ed t
o a
mul
ti-tr
unk
tree
. In
tere
stin
g ba
rk.
Lea
ves
are
glos
sy g
reen
abo
ve,
silv
ery
whi
te b
enea
th.
Blo
oms
in m
id s
prin
g.
Edi
ble
flow
ers
prod
uce
fruit
abou
t 2-
inch
es lo
ng.
EV
ER
GR
EE
N O
rna
me
nta
l Tre
es
fo
r H
om
e G
ard
en
s a
nd
La
nd
sc
ap
es
Toyo
n, C
hris
tmas
Ber
ry (C
alifo
rnia
Hol
ly*)
Het
ero
mel
es a
rbu
tifo
lia
15-2
0' T
15-2
0' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eS
low
Sm
all w
hite
flow
ers
in fl
attis
h cl
uste
rsS
hrub
-like
Fire
blig
ht
Nat
ive
to C
alifo
rnia
and
Baj
a C
alifo
rnia
. C
an b
e tr
aine
d as
a m
ulti-
trun
ked
tree
. T
hick
, le
athe
ry,
glos
sy d
ark
gree
n le
aves
. F
low
ers
in s
umm
er.
Fal
l to
win
ter
brig
ht r
ed (
rare
ly y
ello
w)
berr
ies
that
are
rel
ishe
d by
bird
s.
A g
ood
subs
titut
e fo
r py
raca
ntha
.
Sw
eets
hade
Hym
eno
spo
rum
fla
vum
12-4
0' T
9-20
' WM
oder
ate
Slo
w t
o
mod
erat
e
Yel
low
flow
ers
with
oran
ge-b
loss
om
hone
y fra
gran
ce
Upr
ight
, sl
ende
r, o
pen
habi
t
Trai
ning
req
uire
d to
stre
ngth
en s
truc
ture
Nat
ive
to A
ustr
alia
.
Nar
row
, gl
ossy
dar
k gr
een
leav
es.
Flo
wer
s in
ear
ly s
umm
er.
Pla
nt in
wel
l-dra
ined
soi
l,
away
from
str
ong
win
ds.
Juni
per,
Can
ary
Isla
ndJu
nip
eru
s ce
dru
s20
-30'
T
12-1
8' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Upr
ight
, irr
egul
arN
eeds
goo
d dr
aina
geG
ray-
gree
n fo
liage
. Lo
ng b
ranc
hes
crea
te s
ofte
r fo
rm c
ompa
red
to c
olum
nar
juni
pers
. D
eer
resi
stan
t. U
sed
for
pool
side
s.
Juni
per,
Blu
e P
oint
Jun
iper
us
chin
ensi
s
'Blu
e P
oin
t'
12' T
8' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Col
umna
rN
eeds
goo
d dr
aina
geN
ativ
e to
Chi
na.
Den
se b
lue-
gree
n fo
liage
mak
es g
ood
scre
en.
Ver
y lit
tle p
runi
ng n
eede
d. D
eer
resi
stan
t.
Use
d fo
r po
olsi
des.
'Blu
e A
rrow
' (2'
W)
Juni
per,
Spa
rtan
Jun
iper
us
chin
ensi
s
'Sp
arta
n'
15' T
3-5'
W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Col
umna
rN
eeds
goo
d dr
aina
geN
ativ
e to
Chi
na.
Den
se,
dark
gre
en fo
liage
. C
ompa
ct a
nd n
arro
w.
Ver
y lit
tle p
runi
ng n
eede
d. D
eer
resi
stan
t.
Use
d fo
r po
olsi
des.
Var
iega
ted
form
ava
ilabl
e.
Juni
per,
Hol
lyw
ood
Jun
iper
us
chin
ensi
s
'kai
zuk
a' (
'toru
losa
')
15' T
10' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Irreg
ular
upr
ight
Nee
ds g
ood
drai
nage
Nat
ive
to C
hina
. R
ich
gree
n fo
liage
. Ir
regu
lar
& u
prig
ht w
ith t
wis
ted
appe
aran
ce.
Dee
r re
sist
ant.
Use
d fo
r
pool
side
s. V
arie
gate
d fo
rm a
vaila
ble.
Juni
per,
'Moo
nglo
w'
Jun
iper
us
sco
pu
loru
m
'Mo
on
glo
w'
9-20
' T
4-8'
W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Pyr
amid
alN
eeds
goo
d dr
aina
geN
ativ
e to
wes
tern
Nor
th A
mer
ica.
S
ilver
gra
y fo
liage
ref
lect
s m
oonl
ight
. D
eer
resi
stan
t.
Use
d fo
r po
olsi
des.
Juni
per,
'Tol
leso
n's
Blu
e W
eepi
ng'
Jun
iper
us
sco
pu
loru
m
'To
lles
on
'
20' T
5 -7
' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Wee
ping
Nee
ds g
ood
drai
nage
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
Dro
opin
g br
anch
lets
of b
lue-
gree
n m
akes
a g
race
ful,
wee
ping
tre
e.
Dee
r re
sist
ant.
Goo
d ac
cent
tre
e.
Juni
per
Jun
iper
us
virg
inia
na
'Blu
e A
rro
w'
'Sk
yro
cket
' 'T
aylo
r'
15-2
0 T
2-3'
W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
berr
y-lik
e sm
all
cone
s
Col
umna
rN
eeds
goo
d dr
aina
ge
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn U
S.
V
ery
narr
ow c
olum
n.
Har
dy a
ltern
ativ
e to
Ital
ian
Cyp
ress
. D
eer
resi
stan
t. G
ood
for
win
dbre
ak.
Bot
h 'S
ky R
ocke
t' (
15-2
0' T
, 2-
3' W
), s
omet
imes
list
ed a
s J.
sco
pulo
rum
, an
d 'B
lue
Arr
ow' (
12-
15' T
, 2'
W)
have
blu
e-gr
ey fo
liage
. 'T
aylo
r' ha
s bl
ue-g
reen
folia
ge a
nd r
each
es 3
0' t
all.
Sw
eet B
ay
(Gre
cian
Lau
rel)
Lau
rus
no
bil
is
'Sar
ato
ga'
20-3
5' T
20-3
5' W
Mod
erat
eV
ery
slow
Sm
all,
yello
wy
whi
te
flow
ers
in s
prin
g
Den
se u
prig
ht,
broa
dens
with
age
Sca
le,
smal
l fru
its
(3/4
") c
an b
e m
essy
,
suck
ers
Med
iterr
anea
n na
tive.
Lea
ther
y, a
rom
atic
, da
rk g
reen
leav
es (
slig
htly
gra
y un
dern
eath
), u
sed
in c
ooki
ng.
Eas
ily s
hape
d, o
ften
hedg
ed.
Als
o us
ed in
top
iary
and
con
tain
ers
for
a fo
rmal
look
. 'S
arat
oga'
is r
esis
tant
to
psyl
lid.
Mag
nolia
, Sou
ther
nM
agn
oli
a g
ran
dif
lora
'Lit
tle
Gem
'
80' T
60' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Slo
wLa
rge,
whi
te
8-10
"
acro
ss,
very
frag
rant
Bro
adly
pyr
amid
al
Mes
sy,
shed
s lit
ter
from
spr
ing
to a
utum
n;
prob
lem
atic
sur
face
root
s
Nat
ive
to t
ropi
cal N
orth
and
Sou
th A
mer
ica.
Lar
ge,
glos
sy le
aves
. T
oler
ates
hea
t an
d da
mp
soils
. C
hlor
osis
a pr
oble
m in
alk
alin
e so
ils.
Den
se s
hade
pre
vent
s la
wn
grow
th b
enea
th.
'Litt
le G
em' (
25' T
, 15
' W)
is m
ore
narr
ow,
has
smal
ler
glos
sy g
reen
leav
es w
ith r
usty
und
ersi
des,
and
sm
alle
r flo
wer
s (5
-6"a
cros
s).
Oliv
e
Ole
a eu
rop
aea
'Lit
tle
Oll
ie'
'Maj
esti
c B
eau
ty'
'Sw
an H
ill'
25-3
5' T
25-3
5' W
Low
to
mod
erat
e
Slo
w t
o
Mod
erat
e
Pro
fuse
, tin
y w
hite
flow
ers
Rou
nded
and
spre
adin
g
Oliv
e fru
it; a
llerg
ic
reac
tions
to
polle
n;
basa
l suc
kers
Nat
ive
to M
edite
rran
ean.
Th
rives
in h
ot,
dry
area
s. S
oft
gray
, w
illow
like
leav
es,
bran
ches
gna
rl w
ith a
ge.
Typi
cally
gro
wn
as a
mul
ti-tr
unk
tree
. M
ost
varie
ties
prod
uce
fruit
and
abun
dant
pol
len
that
flar
es a
llerg
ic
reac
tions
; fru
itles
s va
rietie
s av
aila
ble,
som
e m
ay s
till p
rodu
ce p
olle
n.
'Bon
ita' (
25' T
, 25
' W)
less
mes
sy,
tiny,
imm
atur
e fru
it. 'M
ajes
tic B
eaut
y' (
25-3
0' T
, 25
' W)
long
nar
row
, gr
ay g
reen
leav
es g
ive
it an
airy
appe
aran
ce.
'Sw
an H
ill'
(25'
T,
25' W
) de
ep g
reen
leav
es;
little
or
no p
olle
n.
Pin
e, C
anar
y Is
land
P
inu
s ca
nar
ien
sis
60-8
0' T
35' W
Low
Fas
tN
o flo
wer
s, o
nly
cone
s
Upr
ight
, ye
t op
en
cano
py w
hen
youn
g,
pyra
mid
al a
nd
even
tual
ly b
road
cro
wn
Pol
len
prod
uctio
n
incr
ease
s w
ith t
ree
size
, ne
edle
litt
er
Nat
ive
to C
anar
y Is
land
s.
Ver
y ta
ll, e
rect
pin
e w
ith t
iere
d br
anch
ing
and
long
, gr
acef
ul 9
-12
in.
droo
ping
need
les
grou
ped
in 3
s. C
ones
4-9
" lo
ng.
Att
ract
ive
redd
ish-
brow
n fis
sure
d ba
rk.
Pin
e, P
inyo
n
(Nut
)P
inu
s ed
uli
s10
- 20
' T
8-16
' WLo
w
Slo
wN
o flo
wer
s, o
nly
cone
s
Rou
nded
and
spre
adin
g
Pol
len
prod
uctio
n
incr
ease
s w
ith t
ree
size
Nat
ive
to C
alifo
rnia
, N
ew M
exic
o, T
exas
. S
tiff,
dark
gre
en n
eedl
es in
gro
ups
of 2
, th
at a
re 3
/4 -
1.5
inch
es
long
. C
ones
are
2 in
. lo
ng a
nd p
rodu
ce e
dibl
e pi
ne n
uts.
D
ense
sm
all p
ine,
sui
tabl
e fo
r co
ntai
ners
.
Pin
e, A
fgha
n
(Mon
dell)
Pin
us
eld
aric
a30
- 80
' T
15-2
5' W
Low
Fas
tN
o flo
wer
s, o
nly
cone
s
Cla
ssic
sha
pe w
hen
youn
g, t
op s
prea
ds
with
age
Pol
len
prod
uctio
n
incr
ease
s w
ith t
ree
size
Nat
ive
to s
outh
ern
Rus
sia,
Afg
hani
stan
, P
akis
tan.
Brig
ht g
reen
nee
dles
in g
roup
s of
3 t
hat
are
2-3
in.
long
.
Con
es a
re 3
in.
long
.
Pin
e, It
alia
n S
tone
P
inu
s p
inea
40-8
0' T
50-6
0' W
Low
Fas
tN
o flo
wer
s, o
nly
cone
s
Sto
ut a
nd b
ushy
whe
n
youn
g; t
all,
broa
d, a
nd
roun
d he
aded
at
mat
urity
Pol
len
prod
uctio
n
incr
ease
s w
ith t
ree
size
, ne
edle
litt
er
Nat
ive
to S
outh
ern
Eur
ope
and
Turk
ey.
Stif
f, br
ight
gre
en t
o gr
ay n
eedl
es 5
-8 in
. lo
ng in
gro
ups
of 2
. C
ones
are
4-6
in.
long
, gl
ossy
che
stnu
t br
own.
To
lera
tes
heat
. S
ourc
e of
edi
ble
nuts
.
Pin
e, J
apan
ese
Bla
ck
Pin
us
thu
nb
erg
ii
'Dw
arf
Th
un
der
bir
d'
20-4
0' T
10-2
0' W
Low
to
mod
erat
e
Slo
w t
o
mod
erat
e
No
flow
ers,
onl
y
cone
sP
yram
idal
Pol
len
prod
uctio
n
incr
ease
s w
ith t
ree
size
Nat
ive
to J
apan
. N
eedl
es a
re 3
-4½
in.
long
and
arr
ange
d in
2s.
C
ones
are
3 in
. lo
ng.
'D
war
f Thu
nder
head
'
(6' T
, 5'
W in
10
year
s) h
as d
ark
folia
ge.
Pod
ocar
pus,
Fer
n
Pin
eP
od
oca
rpu
s g
raci
lio
r20
-60'
T
10-2
0' W
Hea
vyS
low
to
mod
erat
eIn
cons
picu
ous
Upr
ight
rou
nded
Occ
asio
nal c
hlor
osis
Nat
ive
to e
aste
rn A
frica
. A
mon
g th
e cl
eane
st m
ost
pest
free
tre
es fo
r st
reet
, la
wn,
pat
io,
gard
en o
r sc
reen
.
See
dlin
g tr
ees
have
juve
nile
gro
wth
pha
se w
ith lo
nger
leav
es,
airie
r br
anch
ing.
G
loss
y da
rk g
reen
leav
es 2
"
long
, ½
" w
ide.
With
age
, le
aves
hav
e so
ft gr
ay,
blui
sh-g
reen
cas
t.
Tole
rate
s he
at a
nd m
any
soil
type
s.
Pod
ocar
pus,
Yew
Pin
e
Po
do
carp
us
mac
rop
hyl
lus
P.
m.
mak
i
15-5
0' T
6-15
' WH
eavy
Slo
w t
o
mod
erat
eIn
cons
picu
ous
Nar
row
to
uprig
htO
ccas
iona
l chl
oros
isN
ativ
e to
Chi
na a
nd J
apan
. G
ener
ally
nar
row
to
uprig
ht;
brig
ht g
reen
leav
es 4
" lo
ng,
½"
wid
e.
Tole
rate
s he
at
and
man
y so
il ty
pes.
P.m
. m
aki
is s
low
er a
nd s
hort
er (
8-15
' T,
2-4'
W)
Eng
lish
Laur
elP
run
us
lau
roce
rasu
s15
-30'
T
15-3
0' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Fas
t
Fra
gran
t cr
eam
y
flow
er s
pike
s in
sprin
g.
Rou
nded
Occ
asio
nal s
cale
Nat
ive
to s
outh
east
ern
Eur
ope
to Ir
an.
Glo
ssy,
leat
hery
obl
ong
leav
es t
hat
are
3-7
inch
es lo
ng.
Inco
nspi
cuou
s, s
mal
l bla
ck fr
uit.
Oak
, Cor
kQ
uer
cus
sub
er
60' T
60' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eM
oder
ate
Inco
nspi
cuou
sR
ound
edC
hlor
osis
in h
igh
alka
line
site
s, d
ebris
Nat
ive
to w
este
rn M
edite
rran
ean,
Nor
th A
frica
. Tr
unk
and
larg
e lim
bs a
re c
over
ed w
ith t
hick
cor
ky b
ark,
addi
ng in
tere
st.
Toot
hed,
ova
l, sh
iny
leav
es a
re d
ark
gree
n ab
ove,
gra
y be
neat
h. T
oler
ates
mos
t so
ils e
xcep
t
high
ly a
lkal
ine,
nee
ds g
ood
drai
nage
. R
oots
are
not
pro
blem
atic
. E
gg s
hape
d ac
orns
(ab
out
1" lo
ng).
Oak
, Sou
ther
n Li
ve
Qu
ercu
s vi
rgin
ian
a50
' T
80' W
Mod
erat
e
to h
eavy
Mod
erat
e
to fa
stIn
cons
picu
ous
Rou
nded
Sur
face
roo
ts,
debr
is
Nat
ive
to t
he s
outh
ern
US
. A
ttra
ctiv
e ev
ergr
een
oak
in h
ot in
terio
r cl
imat
es.
Gro
ws
best
in d
eep
rich,
moi
st
soil.
Tol
erat
es la
ndsc
ape
wat
erin
g. H
eavy
-lim
bed
crow
n, t
ree
requ
ires
grea
t sp
ace
for
root
s an
d ca
nopy
.
Sm
ooth
-edg
ed le
aves
, da
rk g
reen
abo
ve,
whi
te b
enea
th.
Med
ium
siz
ed a
corn
s (a
bout
1"
long
) w
ith s
harp
spin
e at
tip
. H
arm
less
, un
usua
l woo
lly o
ak g
alls
form
on
leav
es.
Oak
, Int
erio
r Li
veQ
uer
cus
wis
lize
nii
30-7
5' T
30-7
5' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eS
low
Inco
nspi
cuou
sD
ense
, ro
unde
dD
ebris
Nat
ive
to in
terio
r C
alifo
rnia
and
sou
ther
n O
rego
n. Y
oung
tre
es a
re s
pars
ely
bran
ched
and
ang
ular
, ev
entu
ally
form
ing
dens
e, r
ound
can
opy.
Lea
ves
are
ellip
tical
, gl
ossy
gre
en,
1-4"
long
with
sm
ooth
or
spin
y m
argi
ns
and
poin
ted
tip.
Sle
nder
aco
rns
abou
t 1"
long
.
Italia
n B
uckt
horn
Rh
amn
us
alat
ern
us
'Jo
hn
Ed
war
ds'
15-1
8' T
6-10
' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eF
ast
Inco
nspi
cuou
sR
ound
ed o
val
Vol
unte
er s
eedl
ings
Nat
ive
to M
edite
rran
ean.
Eve
rgre
en s
hrub
eas
ily t
rain
ed in
to a
sin
gle
or m
ulti-
trun
ked
tree
. O
val,
shin
y br
ight
leav
es t
o 2
inch
es lo
ng,
pea-
size
bla
ck b
errie
s.
Tole
rate
s he
at,
full
sun
or p
art
shad
e, li
ttle
to
regu
lar
wat
er.
'Joh
n E
dwar
ds' i
s lo
ng li
ved
Rha
phio
lepi
sR
hap
hio
lep
is
'Maj
esti
c B
eau
ty'
10-2
5' T
8-10
' W
Low
to
mod
erat
e
Slo
w t
o
mod
erat
eLa
rge
pink
clu
ster
s R
ound
ed
Nat
ive
to C
hina
.Typ
ical
ly a
shr
ub,
but
avai
labl
e as
a t
rain
ed s
ingl
e or
mul
ti-tr
unk
tree
. B
loom
s in
spr
ing.
Pro
duce
s da
rk b
lue
¼"
berr
ies
rare
ly a
nui
sanc
e.
Take
s fu
ll su
n to
ligh
t sh
ade,
leaf
bur
n in
ref
lect
ed h
eat.
Ada
pted
to
man
y pl
antin
g si
tes.
Dro
ught
tol
eran
t. M
ust
be s
take
d an
d pr
uned
whe
n yo
ung
to d
evel
op m
ain
trun
k an
d go
od b
ranc
h st
ruct
ure,
req
uire
s so
me
annu
al s
hapi
ng.
Sum
ac, A
fric
anR
hu
s la
nce
a20
-30'
T
20-3
5' W
Low
to
mod
erat
eS
low
Inco
nspi
cuou
s O
pen
spre
adin
g
Nat
ive
to S
outh
Afri
ca.
Thriv
es in
hea
t an
d su
n. C
an b
e tr
aine
d as
sin
gle
or m
ulti-
trun
k tr
ee.
Leav
es d
ivid
ed
into
3 w
illow
like
4-5-
inch
long
leaf
lets
. C
lust
ers
of y
ello
w p
ea-s
ize
fruit
fall
to g
roun
d; d
istin
ctiv
e, r
ough
, re
d-
brow
n ba
rk.
M.
Le
Str
an
ge
& C
. R
on
k, U
C M
ast
er
Ga
rde
ne
r P
rog
ram
of
Tu
lare
& K
ing
s C
ou
nti
es-
2011
Co
mm
on
na
me
Bo
tan
ical
nam
eM
atu
re
Siz
e
Wa
ter
ne
ed
s
Gro
wth
rate
Flo
we
rsT
ree
Sh
ap
eP
ote
nti
al
Pro
ble
ms
Co
mm
en
ts
EV
ER
GR
EE
N O
rna
me
nta
l T
ree
s f
or
Ho
me
Ga
rde
ns
an
d L
an
ds
ca
pe
s
Co
mp
iled
by M
. L
eS
tran
ge
& C
. R
on
k,
UC
Maste
r G
ard
en
er
Pro
gra
m o
f T
ula
re &
Kin
gs C
ou
nti
es -
2011
Common name Botanical name Comments
Acacia Acacia baileyana Does not tolerate valley heat. Pollen produces moderate allergic reaction.
Acacia, blackwood Acacia melanoxylon Aggressive roots, brittle branches prone to break, litter. Invasive.
Wattle, Silver Acacia dealbata Invasive.
Maple, Silver Acer saccharinumDoes not tolerate valley heat. Aggressive roots, brittle branches prone to
break. Chlorosis in alkaline soils. Aphids and scale insects.
Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissimaDO NOT PLANT. Highly Invasive. Creeping roots sprout new trees. Prolific
self seeding. Single tree becomes a dense thicket over time.
Silk or Mimosa Tree Albizia julibrissin Lots of litter (leaves, spent blooms, and pods). Prolific self seeding.
Birch, White Betula pendula Short-lived. Doesn't tolerate valley heat. Susceptible to borers and aphids.
Chinese Hackberry Celtis sinensis Susceptible to Asian Woolly Hackberry Aphid (lots of honeydew)
Dogwood
Cornus florida
C. kousa C. nuttallii
C.stolonifera
Short lived in hot valley climates. Prefers acidic soil and water. Needs shade.
Draecena Palm Cordyline australis Invasive.
Olive, Russian Elageanus angustifolia Invasive, spreads easily by wildlife.
EucalyptusEucalyptus: red gum, blue
gum, others?
Leaf litter. Extremely flammable. Invasive. Prone to psyllid, borer, and beetle
infestations.
Ash, RaywoodFraxinus angustifloia
'Raywoodii' Aggressive surface roots. Prone to limb breakage. Possible disease dieback.
Ash, ModestoFraxinus velutina coriacea
'Modesto'Prone to Anthracnose disease, summer scorch, and mistletoe.
Ash, Shamel Fraxinus uhdei 'Shamel' Aggressive surface roots, poor branch structure.
Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia A tropical tree not suited for cold valley winters.
Privet, Glossy Ligustrum lucidium Foul flower odor, immense fruit crop stains surfaces, prolific reseeder.
Mayten Maytenus boaria Aggressive surface roots. Unwanted branches along trunk. Potentially invasive.
Mulberry, White Morus alba
Female trees produce large berries that stain. Male trees produce large
amounts of messy pollen. Aggressive surface roots and volunteer seedlings.
Trees have branch structure that is usually mispruned causing multiple, weak
branch attachments and unattractive trees.
Monterey Pine Pinus radiataShort-lived in hot valley climates with livespan of 10-15 years. Plagued by
insects and diseases.
Poplar, White Populus alba
Aggressive surface roots. Prone to root suckering. Attacked by several insect
pests. Female trees bear masses of cottony seeds that are easily wind blown.
Best suited to rural areas and borders of large properties.
Western Cottonwood Populus fremontii
Aggressive surface roots. Prone to root suckering. Attacked by several
insects. Female trees bear masses of cottony seeds that are easily wind
blown. Best suited to rural areas and borders of large properties.
Poplar, Lombardy Populus nigra 'Italica'
Aggressive surface roots. Prone to root suckering. Attacked by several insect
pests. Female trees bear masses of cottony seeds that are easily wind
blown.Best suited to rural areas and borders of large properties.
Quaking Aspen Populus tremuloides
Does not tolerate valley heat. Susceptible to borers. Aggressive surface roots.
Prone to root suckering. Attacked by several insect pests. Female trees bear
masses of cottony seeds that are easily wind blown. Best suited to rural areas
and borders of large properties.
Pear, Aristocrat FloweringPyrus calleryana
'Aristocrat'
Extremely susceptible to fireblight and mistletoe. Messiest of the ornamental
pears with respect to fruit drop. Soft, mushy fruit is inedible and drops in fall.
Purple Robe LocustRobinia pseudoacacia x
R. viscosa
Profuse root suckers. Brittle branches. Long bean pods. Leaf drop in summer.
Susceptible to bark split and crown rot.
Willow, Weeping Salix babylonica Huge tree that requires much water. Attracts aphids, mites, scale, and borers.
Tallow, Chinese Sapium sebiferumDO NOT PLANT. Invasive, prolific self seeder. Messy; drops floral parts,
seeds, and small branches.
Pepper, California Schinus molle
Greedy surface roots and needs room to spread. Avoid over irrigation. Heavy
limbs often break in winds. Can freeze in severe winters. Seeds spread by
birds. Potentially invasive in riparian areas.
Pepper, Brazilian Schinus terebinthefoliusNot suited for valley climate, but occasionally seen. Prolific self seeder and
potentially invasive in wildlands.
Redwood, Coastal Sequoia sempervirens
Planting in the valley is risky. Trees typically perform well for 8-10 years, then
may show summer stress. Prefer acid soils, cool temperatures and high
humidity in summer (the opposite of valley climate). Extreme salt sensitivity
causes brown leaves.
Saltcedar Tamarix chinensis
DO NOT PLANT. Aggressive roots. Uses excessive water. Invasive in
wildlands and efforts are underway to remove and eradicate it. Considered a
fire hazard.
PROBLEMATIC Ornamental Trees - PROCEED with caution or DO NOT PlantCitrus
TreesCitrus varieties
Navel
Orange
'Washington'
'Fukumoto'
'Lane Late'
'Cara Cara'
Juice
Orange
'Valencia'
(Campbell)
(Delta)
(MidKnight)
Blood
Orange'Moro'
Mandarin
'Owari Satsuma'
'Pixie'
'Gold Nugget'
Tangerine
'Murcott'
'Clementine'
'Dancy'
Tangelo 'Minneola'
Grapefruit
'Marsh Seedless'
'Star Ruby'
'Oroblanco'
Lemon'Improved Meyer'
'Lisbon'
Lime'Bearss'
'Mexican'
Kumquat
'Fukushu'
'Nagami'
'Nordmann'
Common name Botanical name
Guadalupe Palm Brahea edulis
Mexican Blue Palm Brahea armata
Mediterranean or
European Fan PalmChamerops humilis
Windmill Palm Trachycarpus fortunei
Chinese Fan Palm,
Fountain PalmLivistona chinensis
California Fan Palm,
California Cotton PalmWashingtonia filifera
Mexican Fan Palm,
Cotton PalmWashingtonia robusta
PALM TREES
FAN Palms (40-70' Tall)
FAN Palms (10-25' Tall)
Common name Botanical name
Pigmy Date Palm Phoenix roebelinii
Pindo Palm Butia capitata
Queen Palm Syagrus romanzoffiana
Canary Island Date Palm Phoenix canariensis
Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera
FEATHER Palms (40-70' Tall)
FEATHER Palms (10-25' Tall)
PALM TREES
Ornamental Tree Selection & Guide provided by the UC Master Gardener Program of Tulare & Kings Counties
Visit our website at http://cetulare.ucdavis.edu and click on Master Gardener
Call anytime and we will return your call: Tulare (559) 684-3326 Hanford: (559) 582-3211, ext 2736
PRUNE MATURE LANDSCAPE TREES WITH THINNING CUTS, DON’T TOP THEM Prune Mature Trees Properly for Longevity, Safety, and Beauty
Proper tree pruning removes dying, diseased or injured wood, crossing or crowded branches, restructures tree shape, or reduces tree height. Proper thinning of the
tree's canopy increases light and air circulation, and reduces wind resistance and
some diseases. Pruning also influences growth and flower bud formation.
There are two types of pruning cuts: thinning
and heading. A thinning cut removes a branch at its point of origin or to another branch. Trees
pruned with thinning cuts are more open and
retain a more natural shape.
A heading cut tops off the
central leader or main scaffold branches back to a stub or to a branch that is too small. Heading cuts (also called topping and
stubbing) disfigure a tree’s
natural shape.
Heading cuts result in vigorous,
upright shoots from latent buds just below the cut. These
shoots are weakly attached to
the trunk or branches. Most proper tree pruning
requires thinning cuts, NOT heading cuts.
Pruning Tips:
Make pruning cuts, just outside the branch collar.
Prune regularly to avoid making large cuts that
remove branches 3-inches or larger in diameter.
Use a 3-saw cut on large limbs to avoid limb breakage and bark damage.
Removing more than 25% foliage in a growing season triggers rapid regrowth.
Prune after leaf fall and during winter or dormant months. Branch structure is
easy to see at this time.
Broken, dead, or pest infested branches can be removed any time of year.
BEFORE PRUNING
THINNING AND
CROWN REDUCTION YES!
Properly trained trees are structurally stronger, easier to maintain, and generally live longer
than untrained trees. Trees that have not been
trained are difficult to prune and more likely to have structural defects that can be costly to fix.
When trees are removed due to structural de-
fects there is the loss of environmental benefits, invested time, and money.
How difficult is it to train a tree? It's easy to structurally prune young trees. It takes a rela-
tively small amount of time and only some
basic equipment like hand pruners, loppers, a pole pruner, handsaw, and ladder.
How to Train Young Trees Trained trees have a strong central leader, verti-
cal spacing between branches, radial distribu-
tion of branches around the trunk, and strong branch attachments. To achieve these traits,
follow the 5 steps listed below. These steps
apply to most deciduous and broad-leaved evergreen trees, regardless of species or use (for
example, park, street, or residential) and should
be followed in sequence. Generally, no more than 25% of a young tree’s canopy should be removed in one year. Training is
recommended during the dormant season.
. Recommended 5 step process:
1. Remove broken, diseased, dying or dead branches. Remove any
sprouts (suckers) that are growing from below the bud union or from the roots of the tree.
1
2. Select a central upright leader (the central stem) of the tree. If more than one leader
exists, then the strongest and most vertical
stem should be selected. Remove or head
back competing upright stems.
3. Select the lowest permanent (scaffold)
branch. This branch is the lowest branch
that will remain on the tree through its life
and is determined by the use and location of the tree. For a street tree, the lowest perma-
nent branch over the sidewalk might be 8 feet,
while over the street it might be 14 feet. Low-est permanent branches for trees in parks or
yards can be lower. (Remember that the cen-
ter of a branch 4 feet from the ground when
young will always be 4 feet from the ground).
4. Select primary scaffold branches and cut back or remove competing branches. The
scaffold branches should be radially spaced
around the trunk and vertically spaced 12 – 15 inches between branches. Select scaffolds
with strong branch attachment with their
diameter being no more than half the diameter of the trunk.
5. Keep some temporary branches below the lowest permanent branch. Re-
move the temporary branches that have a diameter greater than 1/2 of the trunk diameter. Prune back branches that are ¼ to ½ of the trunk diameter, and leave
those that are less than ¼ of the trunk diameter.
TRAIN YOUNG TREES FOR STRUCTURE AND FORM A properly trained tree is easier to maintain than an untrained tree
1 year later
The topped tree is headed
back and only a remnant of a
lovely tree remains.
3 years later Vigorous upright sprouts
emerge. Sprouts are
weakly attached and prone to breakage. They
are abnormal, grow rapid-
ly and cause the tree to lose its natural shape.
6 years later The topped tree is as tall
as the properly pruned tree yet far bushier and
more prone to limb
failure.
1 year later
If pruned properly, correc-
tive thinning and crown
reduction cuts occur but beauty and form are
retained.
3 years later
Growth of thinned
branches is spread evenly throughout
canopy, maintaining
its natural shape.
6 years later
A properly pruned tree
is safer with strongly
attached branches, more beautiful in form, and
its size is better
controlled.
TOPPING AND HEADING, NO!
PLEASE DO NOT TOP TREES!!
Start right by planting trees appropriate for available space at tree’s maturity.
Prune a young tree for structure and form during the first 3-5 years.
Each year apply these 5 steps to a young tree
until good structure and form is achieved.
1. Cut partway through the branch at A
2. Cut it off at B
3. Make the final cut along C-D