orta asya hayvan üslubunun modern resim eğitiminde değerlendirilmesi.pdf

Marmara niversitesi

Resim-

Doktora Tezi

Mehtap DEDE KODAMAN

i

NSZ

B e ncelikle

a, sonra da e m. Aileme de destek

bulundular. yce

Atlye

konusunda bilgilendirmeleri iin Yrd.Do.Dr. Pesent

,tezin uygulama ve

leri;

, Orta Asya Hayvan slubu

konusundaki engin bilgisi ,

derslerinde edindirdikleri ve belge

Hocam, m.

, iin

ederim.

ederim. nce beni ynlendiren ve sonrada

sirgeme

O

gsterdikleri

tezimi

Bu

, ktphane ve mzelere de

Marmara niversitesi Rektr Prof.Dr.Necla PUR , Dekan, idareci,

ii

Trakya niversitesinde doktoraya gnderen

, nla

ca

Yrd.Do.Dr. Mehtap ve Neriman

Tezde sz geen ve , ,

hocam

, tecrbeleri

eviri iin Okutman zgr AKMAN ok

- -08.04.2007; Louvre

Delhi - Orta A ve

Hayvan slubunun hem yerinde hem de

incelemem nemliydi. Alaska sa 15-30 Nisan

2008 Teksin Sanat Galerisinde yarar

Tez konusu g

tirilecektir. Bu

mutlaka

zerinde daha ok

iii

ZET

ORTA ASYA HAYVAN SLUBU NDE

Erken

devir Trk son derece zengin ve besleyici bir kaynak

incelenmesi;

bu slubun

bu

geleneksel Trk sanatlar

; sanat tarihi, modern sanat

slubun yntem olarak da denen ;

ilk tim

Bu tezin konusu geleneksel Trk s

Orta Asya Hayvan slubu olan

i de destekleyip

dneminde slu

hem de konuyu sevdirir niteliktedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

iv

ABSTRACT

IN MODERN PAINTING EDUCATION

One of the main subject of Art Education is the development of identity in art.

Early period Turkish Arts are extremely rich source.

curriculum which inc ludes Animal Style with the origin of Central Asia and

Its spread and development, how it has been the resource of traditional Turkish

art, art history, modern art and particularly its impacts on contemporary

Turkish art are shown in the study. A curriculum in which basic information

was obtained about style and style was experimented as a method was prepared

and was tested at the last year of the primary education. Finally, the process

and the results were analyzed.

The topic of this thesis is Animal Style of Central Asia which is considered as

both the source of the traditional art and the origin of the illustration, the

pattern and the design . Teaching and trying the Animal Style of Central Asia

can be the basis in terms of bringing in the basic design principles which are

regarded as the basis of the illustration. These roots have the structure that are

able to support modern methods by abstracting and giving style and then are

able to conduct them. Evaluation of this style which has very high creativity

dimension in education system, will have a positive effect on the mental

development of young people . Engaging abstraction by the help of style to the

youth during formal operation period is both clear and attractive.

Key Words:

Central Asian Animal Style, Art Education, Modern Art, Abstraction, Stylize

v

ZET .....................................................................................................................

........................................................................................... V

..........................................................................................

..............................................................................................

BLM I ................................................................................................................ 1

...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.PROBLEM ........................................................................................................ 1

1.2.AMA ............................................................................................................... 5

1.3.NEM ............................................................................................................... 6

1.4. VARSAYIMLAR ............................................................................................. 9

1.5. SINIRLILIKLAR .............................................................................................. 9

1.6. TANIMLAR ....................................................................................................10

Hayvan slubu ...................................................................................................10

Bilgi testi ............................................................................................................10

...............................10

1.7. KISALTMALAR .............................................................................................10

BLM II ..............................................................................................................11

............................................................................................11

BOYUT ..........................................................................11

......................................................................................11

2.1.2. Hayvan slubu ..........................................................................................15

.........................................................44

......................................................................70

............................................77

vi

.......................................................................................... 107

2.2.1.Biim ....................................................................................................... 107

............................................................................................. 119

.................................................................... 159

.......................... 159

UYGULAMALARI ...................................................... 178

................................................ 178

.................................................................. 181

............................................. 193

........................................................ 194

2.4.5. Orta Asya Hayvan s ........... 206

BLM III ........................................................................................................... 216

YNTEM ............................................................................................................. 216

................................................................................ 216

3.2. EVREN VE RNEKLEM ............................................................................. 216

LARI ...................................................................... 216

3.4. UYGULAMA ................................................................................................ 217

................................................................... 218

BLM IV .......................................................................................................... 219

BULGULAR VE YORUM ................................................................................... 219

BLM V ............................................................................................................ 239

.................................................................. 239

KAYN AKA ....................................................................................................... 241

EK-1 DERS PLANI .............................................................................................. 282

EK- .............................................................................................. 283

vii

EK-3 ORTA ASYA HAYVAN SLUBU KONU

PROGRAMI ......................................................................................................... 285

EK- AYRINTILAR ........ 297

EK-

........................................................................................ 300

EK- YARATICILIK LTLER

................................................................... 317

viii

................................................................................ 219

.. 222

.................. 223

- .. 224

Tablo 5 Te ................... 225

................. 226

.............. 227

Tablo 8 Temel tasa .............. 228

.................. 229

.......... 230

.............. 231

Tablo 12 ....... 231

............ 232

...... 233

................. 234

Tablo ............ 235

........ 236

............................................................................................................................. 237

.............................................................................................. 282

Tablo 20 .............................. 317

Tablo 21 ................................ 317

ix

M.. 5.yy

............................................................18

M.. 305-

44;cf.Charrire,nos.263,268.Washington niversitesi

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..................................................................................................19

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x

..................................................21

(M..

........................................................................21


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......................................................21


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..............................................................................21


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.........................................................................21

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....22

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n: Rudenko 1953, pl. LXXVII,

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http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/shm/shmpazyryk.html adresinden

..............................................................................23

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xi

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18 Ak-

bulunan geyik ........................................................................................................26

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geyik grnmnde. ...............................................................................................28


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M.. 305-

xii

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http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/shm/shmpazyryk.html

...............................................................................................................................29

...............29

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..........................................................................34

s.2.

...........................................................35

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Hermitage Mzesi ...................................................................................................53

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.............................55

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......................................55

xiv

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............................................................55

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a niversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstits

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M.(2004b

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ve Kodaman, M.(2004b

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ler Enstits Resim-

...................................................................................................................58

M..

M.. 305-288, 1929

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tage)


-Szent- M..

keisi mcadelesi ....................................................................................................58

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-

ien.ac.at/NHM/Prehist/Stadler/Halbturn96/Nagyszentmiklos/k02c.html adresinden

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Bizans dnemi Balkanlar ya da

1250 1300 ..............................................................................................................58

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.........................60

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......................63

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b

-

- ......................................................................64

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Harris Brisbane Dick tar

M.. 5.yy. .............................................64

Graziano Baccolini, The Crypt of Montovolo is Actually an Intact Etruscan Temple

!?Prof. Graziano Baccolini Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Universit di Bologna

xviii

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65

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file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625439file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625439file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625439file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625439file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625439file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625439file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625440

xix

4198673226189&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226189

&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500781&fromDept=true&baseIndex=3

....................................69

www.geocities.com/RainForest/3982/thalp1.gif adresinden 21.11.2008 tarihinde

...............70

Doniger, W., Michell, G.,1989, Animals in Four Worlds,Sculptures From India, The

University of Chicago Press, Chicago ve London, s.189, Resim, 168

ya da in (eyer) ....................................................70

Doniger, W., Michell, G.,1989, Animals in Four Worlds,Sculptures From India, The

University of Chicago Press, Chicago ve London, s.189, Resim, 168

.........................................................................71

http://www.artlex.com, an

- ...............................72

http://www.bronze-gallery.com/sculptors/artist.cfm?sculptorID=4

.......................................................................................................74

M.C. Escher resmi web sitesi http://www.mcescher.com/ adresinden 14.02.2010

k esprisi .......................................................................74

Engineering 6 (2003) s.159,Figr 7

Escherde gemeler,1969 ............................................................................75

M.C. Escher resmi web sitesi

-) Brotherly Relations 1993, 56x45 cm ..........................75

56x45 cm, gallery cz resmi web sitesi,

http://www.gallery.cz/gallery/en/Vystava/2000_06/Ramec_V.html adresinden

............................................76

kabartmalar .............................................................................................................79

Parlak,T.,(2007). Tur-

Fakltesi, s.483
file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625441file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625445

xx

rtum Hahuli (10. yy.

........................................................................................................79

koleksiyonundan

...........................................................................80

http://ireminkaravani.blogspot.com/2008/06/blog-post_20.html adresinden

.............................................................................82

.........................................................................82

,V. P. Darkevich, Khudozhestvennyi metall Vostoka

VIII -XIII vv. Proizvedeniia vostochnoi torevtiki na territorii evropeiskoi chasti SSSR

i Zaural'ia (Moscow: Nauka, 1976).

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/museums/gim/earlyeurasia.html adresinden

...........................................................83

-68, 125,Resim 77

-1600 .................................................83

Akar, A., 1988, Treasury of Turkish Designs, Dover Publications Inc., New York,

s.99

...............................84

................................84

1996, Thames &Hudson

...............................................86

...................................................................86

M.. M..252-

238 .........................................................................................................................87

xxi

-

M..252-


..........................................................................................88

Kurgan No: 6. 39.5 x 35.7 cm.; frag. 18/2, 21 x 15 cm.

-38; pl. 18/2; Hermitage Mzesi

...........................88

-38; pl. 18/2; Hermitage Mzesi

...................................................................................88

. 2, M.. 300-290,

-302, 309-315; Rudenko 1970, pp. 111, 251-253,

260-

website.Washington niversitesi,


.............................................................89

M.. 300-290,

-302, 309-315; Rudenko 1970, pp. 111, 251-253,

260-

website.Washington niversitesi,


...................................................89

.........................................................................90



.......................................................................................90

Sanat ve kltr Yay.Resim 16

............................................91



. )

.................................................................92

xxii

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/8598/motif.htm, adresinden, 20.06.2005

.................................................................................92

Sisteminin

-zek- komoynuz ...................92

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/8598/motif.htm, adresinden, 20.06.2005

.....................................................................92



................................................................................96

-39

Sleyman mhrn

.............................................................................................................96

Sleyman mhr, izim: Mehtap Dede Kodaman

Seluklu sikkelerinde ko boynuzu Sleyman m

sonsuzluk sembolne ( ...........................................................................97

- M.. 5.yy ............................. 105

- M.. 5.yy

Saka kltr,M.. 4.5.yy. ,

ve ,

Blgesi..................................................................................................................... 105

http://mmedia.nsu.ru/museum/Data/obj3684/ENGLISH_INTERFACE_EXIBIT.htm

............................................................................................................... 106

Jeannine Davis-Kimball, Eileen M. Murphy, Ludmila Koryakova and Leonid T.

Yablonksy, Kurgans, Ritual Sites, and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age,

2000, s.296,Oxford: Archeopress.110,Fig.2'den
file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625472file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625473file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625474

xxiii

Merkez simetrili kompozisyonlar .......................................................... 110

Fig.1'den

...................................... 111

Trishina I.V. ,

Fig.2'den

......................................... 112

Fig.1'den

Asimetrik izgisel ritmik kompozisyonlar ............................................. 112

Fig.1'den

kil 128 Asimetrik izgisel ritmik kompozisyonlar ............................................. 113

of Eurasia, vol. 43, no. 4 (Spring 2005)

Fig.1'den

......................................... 114

ve Fig.3'den

......................................... 115

ve Fig.3'den

...................................... 116

gy & Archeology of Eurasia, vol. 43, no. 4 (Spring 2005)

Fig.4'den

Merkezcil asimetrik kompozisyonlar ..................................................... 117

Fig.5'den

Kompozisyonlar .................................................................................................... 118

xxiv

Pazyryk..........

Fig.6'den

............................................................. 125

............................................................. 125

Zahra, 968 ............................................................. 126

M.. 126

-headed Antler Tines: A Study in Image

-143

M..500-1000 Domuz ldrme sahnesi ......................... 129

Pittsburgh niversitesi , Slayt Koleksiyonu Grubu 7,

http://www.pitt.edu/~haskins/group7/group7.html adresinden 18.02.2010 tarihinde

-1340 .......................... 129

Env. LP 16.

http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice_popup.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_i

d=10134198673225769&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673

225769&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500831&bmLocale=en

..... 133

Fot. Dickran Kouymjian

....................................................... 136

-1509)

Fot. Jrgen Howaldt.

............................................................. 140

. -yi Kirmani Hamsesi).Karakoyunlu ...

Trkmen Minyatr resmi .........................................................................................141
file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625494file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625496

xxv

........................................................................................... 141

M.. 350

............................... 146

http://www.tarihikentlerbirligi.org/icerik/haberDetay.asp?newsID=50

........................................................................147

Kells incili 8.yy, Trinityy College,Dublin Pischel,G.Sanat Tarihi Ansiklopedisi,ev.

bul, s.234

. M.. 2000, .............. 147

.................................................................................... 149

11.2x10.0cm, Olbia, M.. 6.yy.Hermitage, St. Petersburg (X.A.I)., Fig.121,

Jacobson, E., 1995, The Art of The Scythians, E.J. Brill, Leiden,-New York-Kln

Sibirya Bronz dkm ..................................................................... 158

Kosarev, M. F. 1984. Zapadnaia Sibir v drevnosti. Moskva. (1984: 202)

Gribova, L. S. 1975. Permski zverinyi stil: Problemy semantiki. Moskva, VII...... 158

Kader Habercileri serisinden,K ........ 161

15x30cm, 2002

http://www.cangoknil.com/popups/kader/3kader_4.htm adresinden 16.06.2010

........................................................................... 161

Kader Habercileri serisinden,Tuval zerine akrilik,40x30cm, 1999-2002

http://www.cangoknil.com/popups/kader/1kader_pars_yeni.htm adresinden

3 ..................................................................................... 163

50x70cm , Akrilik ,

4 ..................................................................................... 164

, Akrilik ,

5, Ferhan Atalay, 2005,100x80,Akrilik .................................................... 165

6 Ferhan Atalay, 2003, 90x90, Akrilik ...................................................... 166

xxvi

7

...................................................... 167

8 , 1997...................................... 168

120x120,tuval zerine

9 , 2000 ............................. 169

60 , eknik ...................... 170

http://www.ozdemiryemenicioglu.com

1 , ...................... 171

http://www.ozdemiryemenicioglu.com

2 , ......................................... 172

3 Rauf Tuncer, 2000 ................................................................................. 173

http://www20.uludag.edu.tr/~rtuncer/site_tr.htm adresinden 20.02.2010 tarihinde

4Rauf Tuncer, 2000, ................................................................................ 173

70x90 tuval zeri akrilik, mado koleksiyonu

http://www20.uludag.edu.tr/~rtuncer/site_tr.htm adresinden 20.02.2010 tarihinde

5 Selma Grbz........................................................................................ 173

Galeri Apel,"kuyruklu oyun", demir, 127x90.5x26 cm

http://www.galleryapel.com/go.php?page=sergi&sergiid=33

"kuyruklu oyun", demir, 127x90.5x26 cm

6 Sleyman Saim Tekcan 2000, Atlar Serisinden,

39x53cm,Gravr...................................................................................................... 175

http://suleymansaimtekcan.com/v3_plt/platin.aspx?platinID=355&section=3&lang=

TR, adres

7 ....................................................................................... 176

Artura Sanat Galerisi

http://www.ugurcaliskan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&

8 Vettersfeloe hayvan slubu ............................................................. 187



.)

xxvii

9 Etkinlik 1, Hayvan slubu konusundaki bilgi testinin zlmesi.... ....... 288

70 Etkinlik 2 .......... 289

71 ......... 290

2 Etkinlik:3 Uygulama

.................................................................................... 290

3

kesilmesi ............................................................................................................... 291

4

............................................................................................................................. 292

5 ................ 292

6 .................................... 293

7 .............................. 294

8 figrlerin giysiye aplikesi. .............................. 295

9 295

80 ....................................... 296

81 ....................................... 296

2 ....................................... 296

3 ....................................... 296

4 ..................................... 297

5 ..................................... 297

6 ..................................... 297

7 ..................................... 298

8 ..................................... 298

9 ..................................... 298

90 ..................................... 298

91 ..................................... 299
file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625533file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625534file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625535file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625536file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625538file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625539file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625542file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625543file:///E:/HAYVAN%20SLUBU%20TEZ%20JR%202009/tez%202010/enstitteslimtezyeni.docx%23_Toc263625545

xxviii

2 ..................................... 299

3 ...... 300

4 ...... 300

5 ...... 301

6 ...... 302

7 ...... 302

8 ...... 302

9 ...... 303

200 ...... 303

201 ...... 304

2 ...... 304

3 ...... 305

4 ...... 305

5 ...... 306

6 ...... 307

7 ...... 307

8 ...... 308

9 ...... 308

10 ...... 309

11 ...... 309

2 ...... 310

3 ...... 310

4 ...... 311

5 ...... 311

xxix

6 ...... 312

7 ...... 312

8 ...... 313

9 ...... 313

20 ...... 314

21 ...... 314

2 ...... 315

3 ...... 315

4 ...... 316

5 ...... 316

Not :

1. Hayvan slubundan rnekler,Haskins slayt koleksiyonu.....................................280

2-a. , ..........................................................280

http://www.mizahvecizgi.com/metinler/data/upimages/gkabakci_baykus_2.jpg

2-b. ,National Geographic.............................................................280

2-c. ...........................................................................................280

http://www.resimmotoru.com/data/media/133/mavi_baykus_grafiti.JPG

3-a. ,National Geographic...................................280

3-b. Hayvan slubundan simetrik rnek (Trishina, )...............................................280

3-c. ...................................280

4- a.

Collection of Mrs. and Mrs. Leigh Block, Art Institute of Chicago (DC 13)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/gris/..............................................................281

4-b. , karakalem

portre.........................................................................................................................281

4-c. Garanti G - ........................281

www.garanti.com.tr/.../gg/2002/abidin_dino1.gif

5. Ben Paul

http://www.alaskanativeartists.com/drums.htm........................................................281
http://www.mizahvecizgi.com/metinler/data/upimages/gkabakci_baykus_2.jpghttp://www.resimmotoru.com/data/media/133/mavi_baykus_grafiti.JPGhttp://www.resimmotoru.com/data/media/133/mavi_baykus_grafiti.JPGhttp://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/gris/http://www.garanti.com.tr/.../gg/2002/abidin_dino1.gifhttp://www.alaskanativeartists.com/drums.htm

1

BLM I

1.1. PROBLEM

de ,

,

duyar.

,

tas

neredeyse ilk insandan beri, . Hayvan slubu,

(Rostovtzeff,1925).

Ort

M.. ki adan

alsa da; kemik, deri, dokuma

, sanat tarihini nerede ise modern zamanlara kadar

slup, k srecinin iinde olan,

anayurttan i, , tm

; biimsel ve anlamsal olarak nceki

zamanlara da uzanan;

Hayvan slubu, Roman sanatta ve bu uzun dnem iinde yer alan da

en nemli unsur olarak, Arabesk- Strygovsky (1975) Trkesk- hatta

Grotesk denen trler iinde va

,

devresidir. , Art Nouveau ,

2

ise bu eski usll , nemi evrensel

,

neredeyse

tarihi genellikle Sanat ve El

ler William Morris (1834-1896),

geleneklerini inceledi(Bierut, 1999). Yine Pugin (1812-

denen ilkeler, Gotik mimariden esinleniyordu(Raizman,2003).

esasen Roman , bu sanatta . Bu

slubu , bundan

anat

; ,

:

veya

elerin temeline koymak hem Trk -

-

elde edilen birim

soyutlama

.

; meleri

ve modernizmi anlamak mmkn grnmyor.

Neredeyse tm

,

s ,

S

3

dnp

, bugn dne gre d k iyiyi,

estetik gzeli arar. S ;

zellikle En

sanat d

iindir(Plehenov:1967) deme sorumlulu termek gereklidir.

yap nin nerilmesi ya da dikte edil dir.

Y , z kltrden edinilen birikim de, sanatsal

k k ve

l .

Sanat E nde ve Trk mitolojisi ihmal

Trk resminde ka tane ikonografik

tasyon olan

, tiyatroya gelmiyorlar

benzetilebilir

, sanatsal nesneyi

adece belirli zaman ve

olguyu isel a; kee

e

evrensel ne yerel boyutta,

zenginl

Gnmz sana

:

izden olana uzak dururuz.

; ,

4

Sanat ya , sanat antropolojik boyutu da

(2008)

; Japonya bu anlamda bir

asimilasyon grnmyor. Gerek ikonografileri ile gerek geleneksel biimleri

, bu eski halklar kltrlerine

a

yatrosuna ya da gsterilerden, giyim- ,

yeme- e ,

konusunda rn

ise halk san dir. nk halk sana

nne ve gelenek evrensellik Orta Asya

Hayvan slubu her n ait bir sanat

uslubu olsa da

da ilgilendirmektedir.

geleneklerin ya

grntlerin,

.

da halk

, zgnlk nnde

de

en

5

; her zaman

,

zellikle Hayvan slubu nun genel karakteri olan a ve

anlamadan

Mehmedov lmin zirvesi sanat, ilimdir der(Vahabzade,2000).

Yara ;

e

, hayvan sevgisini tekrar

Zira, halk; ni

eder.

incelenmesi;

1.2.AMA

1.

o

1.1. , zellikleri, tarihi ve

n ?

1.2.

1.3.

1.4. ndaki yeri

nedir?

6

2. Orta Asya kkenli Hayvan slubu

pro

2.1.

ncesinde rneklemin bilgi durumu (kltr, soyutlama, stilizasyon,simetri

2.2.

1.3.NEM

gibi:

, evrensel

ulusal ve

bilir ile

k

hedeflemektedir. B

s

7

-

!

Dil, bir kprdr;

Tarih, bir kprdr.

yapmakta fayda yoktur

(Atatrk,1933).

birbirlerini

fakat insan ruhuyla

Tanecikler

-iyi-

gerekli

8

ya da

tekrarla

nm ; ierik, z, biim gibi tm ynleri ile ortaya

ko ; temel t

ilkeleri belirlen da

kaynak gster

disiplinlere

, hayvan slubu-

bulundurularak, bir im ,

;

-

ir.

Kltrel zellikler yeterince bilinmemektedir

Modernizm ile birlikte; sanat ve el

odern ve post-

; Geleneksel sanatlar- Gzel Sanatlar , Dekoratif sanatlar ve

9

trleri

yla Trk

dnemini modern s ,

; bu konuda bir

k

n

;

ler g izgisinde ve Trk geleneksel

sanatlar

disiplinine ve bugnk san

Y

gsterilm ; slup

uyarlanm Bu sayede, sanat e y k

ierisindedir.

1.4. VARSAYIMLAR

estine itenlikle cevap

1.5. SINIRLILIKLAR

u -2010 -

ilk etim

10

1.6. TANIMLAR

Hayvan slubu

, den Orta

kadar uzanan Avrasya steplerinin kltrlerinin M..

(Rostovtzeff,1929; Rayevsky,2007).

eksiktir; Rostovtzeff,

(Golomshtok,1933). Tun

steplerdeki ne

Honour ve

Fleming, 2005).

Bilgi testi

ve kltrel zellik

Orta Asya Hayvan slubunun K E P

dzeyinin ; Hayvan slubu konusunda bir slayt gsterisi ile Orta Asya

kkenli Hayvan slubu ;

uygulama srecinde deri kesilen bu

1.7. KISALTMALAR

AO: Aritmetik O , M.. (Milattan
http://books.google.com/books?q=+inauthor:%22Hugh+Honour%22&hl=trhttp://books.google.com/books?q=+inauthor:%22John+Fleming%22&hl=trhttp://books.google.com/books?q=+inauthor:%22John+Fleming%22&hl=tr

11

BLM II

2.1. SANAT

2 lgili A

Hayvan slub

,

Seluk geen

Ssleme ve fi (1999),

Problemi(1983), (1984), Kuzeyde

(1994). Rumi Motifinin Zoomorfik

Kkeni (1989) gibi

kaynak olan

zellikle hayvan sl ve

Trk mitolojisi, hayvan

zellikle

12

Yeri( Ya da Grlen

G

n dallardan da yeri geldike

i Hayvan

Mezopotamyadaki ge neolitik dneme

tarihlenen S

ok ve Afrikada

paleolitik dneme ait yeterli bulgu olma Orta

t t

13

- -

Blmde Altay

Yine Rostovtzeff, Strygowsky, Rudenko ve Fr

kitap 30 makaleden

14

Hovsgol Deerstone projesi i)

la arktik (kutup)

ya da

tr ve

Hunvald (2004)

daki kiliselerde
javascript:void(0);

15

,

, hem hayvan slubunun kklerini gsteren

(Erken Devir rnekleri zerine

olurken Alsan(2005)

tm Anadoluda hayvan

izini bir (1984)

; tezimize ilham veren en nemli k

m

Tamam

2.1.2. Hayvan slubu

-

daha kutsi bir

bazen

-

16

hayvan-

konulara

san

Arseven(1943) ve

h der.

ya da

sslemeci, bezemeci-

1968).

ya da

tir.

Oxford niversites

-2009) slubun ilk kez M.. 7.yyda beliren

Oxford Grove Art Online daM..

17

Avrasya steplerinin kltrlerinin M..

Rayevsky, 2007;

Rostovtzeff , 1929; Jettmar, 1964;; Kemp , 1967; Gryaznov, 1969; Rudenko, 1970; Artamonov, 1973;

Akishev , 1978 ; Jacobson,1985).

H

zerinde olsa da mutlaka onlar p

ok iyi sa

giden san Haskins (1961) de srlere yeni otlak

bu insanlar,

arac

haline getirmeyi m

O Zor

demek uygunsuz olur, keza

Biim bozmalar Btnlk

sunan yoktur.

18

2.1.2

soyutlama, vurgu, anatomiyi zorlayan

asimetrik hareketler ve zoomorfik (hayvan biimli) figrler olarak zetlenebilir.

), anatomik juncture denen

, ,

;

slubu; , ,

- Otcullar: boynuzlu geyik ve

- -

Otcul havyanlar ayakta ya da

ya da

-St.Petersburg)

(Rayevsky, 2007(derleme): Rostovtzeff , 1929; Jettmar, 1964;; Kemp , 1967; Gryaznov,

1969; Rudenko, 1970; Artamonov, 1973; Akishev , 1978 ; Jacobson,1985).

1 M.. 5.yy P

19

2

3 ,

.

20

6

7

5 4

21

ya da

Peneler ya gereki olarak ya da kk

9 8

11 10

13 12

22

mli olarak

ya da

Asya gelerden daha

dizilimini ierdi. Daha sonra mcadele

14

23

15

16

24

Hayvan slubunun genel zelliklerini, oruhlu (1998:77-

1.

2. 3. Hayvanlar sakin ya da 4. Zaman zaman o 5. 6.

ya da

7.

tutumlar grlebilmektedir.

8. 9.

10. Kompozisyonlarda insan figrleri nadiren yer almakta, bitkisel ssleme ise az grlmektedir.

sslemeci, bezemeci-

(Turani, 1968)) ve soyutlama

anatomiyi zorlayan hareketler

ya da

Mnhaniler kle beraber sevilen bir genin

ya hayvandan ya

mla biiminden tretilmektedir.

25

Asimetri simetri: Trishina (2005: 36), izgisel, ritmik merkezcil, ta

Tekilden tmele giden birimler

Gemeler

Deformasyon (Biim bozma)

Btnn iindeki a

ya da uzuvla

h

fark gsterilmesi.

17

de var .

26

18 Ak-

bulunan geyik

19

27

20

21

hayvan,Tacikistan, M.. 4.5. yy.

28

22 Altay blgesinden kurt ,

geyik grnmnde.

23

(deformasyon)

29

24 bir rnek xy ekseninde

25

esne in gsterilmesi) iyi bir rnektir.

bacaklar

Hayvan slubunda d

oturur ya da il ve

figrlere ait ler il oysa ki hareketli figrlerde figr

30

il . Bu

,

f il tir.

2.1.2

his edilebilcek Gney Ural

Kazakistan Tasmola kltrleri, Paz

(G

serileri ile karakterize olur. Orta Asya ve Kuzey Karadeniz blgesinde Hayvan slubu

genellikle

ya da

(Rayevsky,a.g.e.).

t

yapan Rostovtzeff ontik

uzanan Avrasya steplerinin kltrlerinin, M..

Terenozhkin (1971) tez grup gerekle desteklendi.

Yablonsky, 2000).

31

26 li

M.. VIII. y lgelerinde

Ancak bu konfederasyonda ynetici etnik grubun elimizde birka boy ismi olmakla

birlikte-

-

-Trk

: Belki de sz konusu blgelerde proto-Trkleri

-Trkler ve Proto-

btn sa

32

ne

(oruhlu,

2000).

1992)

Karatay(2003), Tas(1999 1993) -

1895)in incelemeleri ve Trko- eri birlikte ele

Orkhon-Yenisey Turk dilbilimsel

benzerlikler Sonradan Trklerin hkm

ve Michell, 1989) ve Tibet (Bkz.

Roerich, 1930; Golomshtok, 1933) 4 ve 85).

lul

Tagar klt (Bokovenko,2006) lrse, Trklerin

anayurdu

ya da

M.. 8.yya tarihlenen hayvan slubunun ilk

, Sibir ki Europoidler ve

ya da Turko-T

, mumyalar sayesinde

. ,

v.d., 2000).

inde bulunan yerli halk : Kazak,

(Voevoda v.d., 2000).

33

ve

Kutkor - . -

Arslan ( < Sogdian , ( ) , Karluk ve

y

Pers dilinde 8.9. yydan nce olmayan kelimelerine

dayanarak Sogdian, Saka ve eski Uygur dilinde de bulunan bu kelimelerin yaz

Klyashtorny (1990): Aalto, 1971)

ynetiml

-

-

dur ki Hayvan slubu ya

proto-Trk kkenlidir ya da

M.. 3000den

M..

- . Bu element M.. 1400

Sibirya

zamanlarda in

rudan bu insanlarla

ya da

esindeki step

zellikle stilize desenlerle doldurul

uygulama yeri olan Kuzey in

34

Hayvan slubunun kuvveti ve

M.. 1122-255 Avrasya hayvan slubuna ok

slupta da m -

u

D -S

(Diez, 1946).

v.d,1972; Esin, 2001)

n

Ordos,

27

iz. En erken

35

en rneklerinde belirli bir

, 1998).

indiriyor(Mlayim, 1999).

eki kaya

, virgl, , nal

hayvanla

eri

28,29,30 ve 31

28

36

29 olpan-

ekil 30

31

M..2000)

37

skitler ya da S M..

-Bel', Maiemir, Tasmola ve Tagar kltrleri gibi pek

ok kltr belirdi. Gney Sibiryadaki Karasuk kltrnn halefi olan Tagar kltr

M.. 8.9. yylara tarihlenir

Vasiliev vd. 2002; Bokovenko vd. 2002).

slubundaki kaya resimleri daha eski tarihlenebiliyor.

,

-ejderha ),atlar ve yaban

ya da avlanma,

riteller gibi karm 1998).

indistandan i

iinde en st dzeyde ve moda olan

a

im

P ve Tagar

amanizm ve

Sayano- Altay dini sistemi

,

gstermektedir. Bununla birlik

M..

(Bokovenko,2006).

38

Gm ritleri ve sanat in ve Avrasya i

bunun gibi kendi blgesinde derin ve sregelen kklere sahiptir. (Bokovenko,2006).

M..

2.1.2

en

e) Permian

ran

eden en iyi tabirdir.

slubu, Perm Hayvan slubu, Pers Hayvan slubu, Avrasya Hayvan slubu, Tien

Hayvan slubu gibi pek ok terim duyabiliriz. Burada sz

;

nzemekte fakat Permian slubunda son

srngenler de

a

-

39

slubu

denir ( Reuter vd.,1999) .

arkeolog ve fiziksel antropolog M.. 2

1967; Potemkina 1987; Pyankova 1974,1987; Yablonsky, 1996; Bashilov ve Yablonsky,

2000)

bl

(Zdanovich and Shriber 1988; Bashilov and Yablonsky,2000.)

Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms ,2007-2009 )

(Mlayim, 1999).

ger

;

:

40

M..

rneklere rast

Yue-Chi, , Hun,

Scytho- - Chilerin

(Czaplicka, 1918)

ya da nedenle

:

kadar

buluntu

M..

-

irdelenmesi gerek. Bugn dil konusunda en yeni ve geerli teorinin Kurgan Teorisi

la ve Sakalar

boynuzlarla inin

41

dim ve muahhar devirlerde zuhur eden muhtelif kavimlere aid medeniyetleri

1937).

r ve herhangi bir medeniyeti ondan nceki medeniyetten

olarak bi

-

-Sibirya Hayvan slubu

(Scythian-Siberian Animal Style), daha az olarak Pers Hayvan slubu, Laponlarda

etmektedir.

Anadolu

zellikle Maori yerlilerinin dikkat eken benzerlikler ya da

ndaki ikonografik benzerlikler

42

rafa

-

sadece ikisi geri

(Avustralya

-

-

gib Bunun gibi

Brezilya daki Candomble dininde

ilen Kirkor-

animizmi, Jomon periodundaki benzerlikler, hayvan slubu zellikleri gsteren

ya i isimlerin bile

. Bugn sorunun zlmemesi ve hala teori

nedenleri de burada irdelenemez

43

web sitelerinde Anglo Sakson ve Viking olarak

K

-Burada ikonografi blmnde

verilen

-;

birer delildir. Bugn bile so

Demir ve

biimli kostmler, konu

Biim D Metamorphosis) O

44

ve Trk S zerine Birka S Kkenli

ukurova Tren ve Ky Seyirlik O C Hayvan benzetmeceleri

etnografiya ile birlikte zmlenmesi ile bugn iin hayvan slubunun kkeninin

meselesi gi

, utlaka zmlenmesi

gereken bir sorundur

konusudur. Bu meselel

2.1.3. Hayvan slubunun C Y

etkilenme s

Roman ve R Romantizme ki Roman dneme bir

yknmedir-

lillerdir. Ekspresyonizmde de biim bozma, vurgu,

gerekilikle ve antikite hayali ile baltalansa da slup modern zamanlara kadar

da da

dir. B

ya da

45

- -

nk mevcut iki kuram da kken olarak

tkinson, 2003). Bu iki

dili iin

,

nemli veriler sunar.

Dildeki kurgan teorisi (Gray ve Atkinson, 2003) gibi sanatta kurgan teorisini

MS.300- gili tuhaf

Roma antik

su

.

ve

, , dili rta Asya nd

.(Gray&Atkinson,a.g.e).

46

lomshtok,1933).

alandaki kltrlerle ilgilidir (Honour ve Fleming, 2005).

lgenin

M.. bunlardan

(Honour ve Fleming, 2005).

blgesinde bulunma

Roerich,1930;Golomshtok,1933).

ekipmanlara benzer. Eski Bering denizi kltr(Norton kltr) boyunca yksek derecede

genel olarak Asya Hayvan

-

o

tir. K
http://books.google.com/books?q=+inauthor:%22Hugh+Honour%22&hl=trhttp://books.google.com/books?q=+inauthor:%22John+Fleming%22&hl=tr

47

perioduna kadar sanat

e

miyet'in

Trklerce kabul ile Gaznelilerle Asya'nin guney-

Seluklularla Iran, Irak ve Anadolu gibi merkezlere girerek, X -

btn Trk- chefold, 1938;

Bilici,1983) .

yerleri ele geirdiler. Yen-

- tsay lkesi o zaman

laylar

48

Pirena

ettiler. M.S. 409 tarihinde Pirena geitlerini korumakla grevl

Suevesler Galia ve Betique illerini, Alanlar ise Lusitanie ile Carthagene (Kartaca) illerini

a Te-le yahut Tie-

yahut Abtelites (E

k

rnleri- -

(Lovell,2006).

Gebe

-Sakson gemi gmlerindeki

-

tipi bin

Fri

-Archaeologisch

49

Instit,1995- -

rs vd.,1986).

kavimler g ncesinde de mevcuttu. M. 10. yy.dan itibaren Orta Asya

tlar

La -M..6- 5.yy (demir

-M.. 5.yy - -

M.. 450- M..

n diyoruz. Sz geen dnemdeki Etrsk

eserleri M..

ola

ki zellikle kuzey Av

ya da dola

50

tan bu dnemle Hunlar-Sarmatlar , Germanik Avrupa

2).

32

, bizce ok

51

Bunun nedeni R

R

II.XIII.yy.larda

-

rastlar.

-

ir zaman dilimine ait bunca

toplumu ya da

uda

1975)

80).

-

. Norman kelimesi

52

telafuz edilmektedir (Deuignes,1923).

ellikle MS.300-

figrleri

33

34 -

53

sz edildi

- kz -

35 M..

Hermitage Mzesi

36

54

37

M..4.5.yy (hayvan uslubu)

aslan, bundaki gibi,

r ndeki la

38

39

55

Kaslardaki stilize

.

44 Saint-Hilaire de Mele

12.yy Fransa

41

40

43 Nagy-Szent-

Miklos Kuzey

42 Saint John de Marne

Fransa 12.yy.

45

Seluklu

56

46 Nagy-Szent-

47

48 Nagy-Szent-Miklos

hazinesindeki vazodan 49

57

51 St Jacques-des-Gurets 12.yy.Fransa

52 St Jacques-des-Gurets freski le

50 M..5.yy

58

53

54 Nagy-Szent-Miklos Kuzey

M..

zerinde aplike M.. 5.yy,

grifon

56 Bizans dnemi Balkanlar

yada Yunanistan grifon (

) 1250 1300

55 Montovoloda kilise

Etrsk

- y

59

57 Aulnay-de-Saintonge, Fransa

belirleyici niteliklerindendir.

58 Minusinsk , Yenisey Kltr, Hakasya Blgesi

orta asya hayvan üslubunun modern resim eğitiminde değerlendirilmesi.pdf

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