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[OPERATING SYSTEM AICT004-3-2] January 1, 2012

ASIA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY Page 1

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

TECHNOLOGY PARK MALAYSIA

OPERATING SYSTEMS

AICT004-3-2

Name : TULASINATAN (TP026049)

THAYALAN (TP025897)

SRI SARANGGA RAJA (TP025845)

Intake : UCD2F1209DIT (SE)

Name of lecturer : MS.AKANSHA MANDHANA

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Contents

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 3

WINDOWS 7 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 5

MEMORY MANAGEMENT COMPARISON BETWEEN .............................................................................. 7

WINDOWS7 vs Mac OS ........................................................................................................................... 7

INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................................... 9

USER INTERFACE ................................................................................................................................... 18

PROCESS CONTROL MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 28

DEADLOCK MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 30

MEMORY MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 33

SECONDARY DISK SCHEDULING MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 38

STANDRAD SUPPORT ............................................................................................................................ 43

CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 44

GANTT CHART .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

WORKLOAD MATRIX ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

MINUTES OF WEEKLY MEETINGS ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

APPENDICES ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

MARKING SCHEME ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system, or OS, is a program designed to run other programs on a computer.

A computers operating system is its most important program. It is considered the backboneof a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are

responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input

from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files

on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners.

The operating system of a large computer system has even more work to do. Such

operating systems monitor different programs and users, making sure everything runs

smoothly, without interference, despite the fact that numerous devices and programs are used

simultaneously. An operating system also has a vital role to play in security. Its job includes

preventing unauthorized users from accessing the computer system.

There are few types of Operating Systems. A Multiprocessing Operating System allows a

program to run on more than one Central Processing Unit (CPU)at a time. This can come in

very handy in some work environments, at schools, and even for some home-computing

situations. Multitasking Operating Systems work a little differently; they allow simultaneousexecution of multiple programs using a single processor to run more than one program at a

time. Multiprogramming Operating Systems are even more different, allowing for more than

one active user program to be stored in main memory simultaneously. Time Sharing

Operating System enables multiple simultaneous users and the programs are executed bit by

bit. Real Time Operating Systems are designed to respond within a certain period of time.

Single User Operating System allows one user at a time to use the computer. Multi User

Operating System allows for more than one user to use the computer simultaneously. Batch

Operating System only does one thing at a time.
http://www.wisegeek.com/how-does-a-cpu-work.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/how-does-a-cpu-work.htm

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INTRODUCTION FOR WINDOWS 7

There are so many Operating System has been launched. Windows 7 which is very

popular and also worlds leading operating system.Windows 7 is developed by the global

giant Microsoft, which was released for public in October 2009. Windows 7 is simpler and

easier to use compared to its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows Vista cannot be

considered as a very successful launch of Microsoft. Windows 7 has a 64-bit along with the

availability of 32-bit support which enables the users to use almost all the latest PCs. Be it

desktops, laptops, notebooks, or anything, Windows 7 supports them all.

Windows 7 was launched with many new and advanced features beneficial to the users.

The main aim was to cope up with the limitations present in the previous versions that werehighly criticised. Windows Vista consisted of a big range of user friendly features but

unfortunately, the system failed due to ever increasing complaints and negative reviews

coming from the press. Contrary to this, Windows 7 was developed with a focus on rectifying

the mistakes and providing noticeable upgrade to the product line of Windows. Microsoft has

launched six different editions of Windows 7. They are listed as Starter, Home premium,

Professional, Ultimate, OEM, Enterprise.

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WINDOWS 7 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

If you want to run Windows 7 on your PC, here's what it takes:

1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or64-bit (x64)processor

1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)

16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)

DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver

Additional requirements to use certain features:

Internet access (fees may apply)

Depending on resolution, video playback may require additional memory and advanced

graphics hardware

Some games and programs might require a graphics card compatible

withDirectX 10 orhigher for optimal performance

For someWindows Media Centerfunctionality a TV tuner and additional hardware maybe required

Windows TouchandTablet PCsrequire specific hardware

HomeGrouprequires a network and PCs running Windows 7

DVD/CD authoring requires a compatible optical drive

BitLockerrequires Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 1.2

BitLocker To Gorequires a USB flash drive

Windows XP Mode requires an additional 1 GB of RAM and an additional 15 GB of

available hard disk space.

Music and sound require audio output

Product functionality and graphics may vary based on your system configuration. Some

features may require advanced or additional hardware.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/64-bit-supporthttp://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=165551http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=165551http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=165551http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/directx-11http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/directx-11http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/directx-11http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-media-centerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-media-centerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-media-centerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/touchhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/touchhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/tablet-pchttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/tablet-pchttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/tablet-pchttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/homegrouphttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/homegrouphttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlockerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlockerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlockerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlockerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-xp-modehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-xp-modehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-xp-modehttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlockerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/bitlockerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/homegrouphttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/tablet-pchttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/touchhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-media-centerhttp://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/directx-11http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=165551http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/64-bit-support

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PCs with multi-core processors

Windows 7 was designed to work with today's multi-core processors. All 32-bit versions

of Windows 7 can support up to 32 processor cores, while 64-bit versions can support up to

256 processor cores.

PCs with multiple processors (CPUs)

Commercial servers, workstations, and other high-end PCs may have more than one physical

processor. Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate allow for two physical

processors, providing the best performance on these computers. Windows 7 Starter, Home

Basic, and Home Premium will recognize only one physical processor.

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MEMORY MANAGEMENT COMPARISON BETWEEN

WINDOWS7 vs Mac OS

Boot Time and Resume from Sleep

Figure 1: memory management comparison

Windows 7 was hyped as bringing swifter boots to PCs, but the new OS can be just as

molasses-slow as Vista. You'll find some Windows 7 notebooks that start up in less than 60

seconds, but most of them hover above the one-minute mark.

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OVERALL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Mac OS X Snow Leopard

We used Geek bench, an application that measures CPU and RAM performance, to gauge our

MacBook Pro's computing prowess. It notched a score of 3,543 in Snow Leopard, and 2,789

when we used Boot Camp to run the program under a Windows 7 partition. In addition, the

system copied a 4.97GB folder of mixed media at a swift rate of 21.5 MBps on our LAPTOP

Transfer Test (19.2 MBps within Boot Camp).

Windows 7

Our Dell PC notched 2,586 in Geek bench, which was about 200 points below the MacBook

Pro's Boot Camp score. It completed copying our 4.97GB folder at a decent rate of 17.8

MBps, but this was still far slower than Apple.

Comparison: OS X Snow Leopard proved to have superior overall system performance. It

also ran Windows 7 smoothly in Boot Camp.

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INSTALLATION

TYPE OF INSTALLATION

Basically, there are 2 approaches to installing Windows 7:

Upgrade (In-place upgrade) - This option replaces your current version of Windows

with Windows 7, and keeps your files, settings, and programs in place on your

computer.

Custom ("fresh" installation) - This option replaces your current version of Windows

with Windows 7, but doesn't preserve your files, settings, and programs. It's

sometimes referred to as a clean installation for that reason.

Beginning the Installation Process

When installing on a physical computer insert your Windows 7 DVD media into your DVD

drive and reboot your computer. If you're asked to press a key to boot from DVD or CD,

press any key. A black window will appear momentarily while the DVD content is read.

Note: These screenshots are taken from a Windows 7 Ultimate installation performed on a virtual machine

running on VMware Workstation. I will be using an .ISO file mounted on the VMs CD/DVD drive.

Figure 2 : Windows is Loading

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Next, a Starting Windowsscreen will appear.

Figure 3 : Starting windows

Note: If the Windows installation page doesn't appear and you're not asked to press a key to start from DVD or

CD, you might have to specify that your computer uses its DVD or CD drive as the startup device.

The Installation Process

Windows 7 does not have a noticeable text phase of the setup process, and it will boot

directly into the Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode.

Figure 4 : Install Windows

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After a few moments you will see the first prompt:

Click "Next" unless you want to change some regional settings for the installation process.

Hebrew users should read my "Installing Hebrew on Windows 7" article.

Figure 5 : Installing Hebrew

Click on the "Install now" button.

Note: If you're using the installation media to repair an existing installation of Windows 7 you should also read

my latest article on the Windows Recovery Environment.

Next, accept the license terms and click on "Next".

Figure 6:

Install Windows Progress

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Next, unless you're upgrading an existing Windows installation, press the Custom

(Advanced) installation type button. Note that in this case, the Upgrade button is disabled

because this specific installation if performed on a new computer without any previous

operating system on it.

The next phase is to pick the installation partition. Since this computer has a new hard disk

that hasn't been formatted before, you will only have the option to create a new partition on it.

Figure 7: Collecting Information

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The setup process will now begin to copy files from the installation DVD media to the hard

disk.

Figure 8: Installing Windows

Process could take a while depending on the type of hardware your computer uses. In my VM

test sample I've used for this demo, the entire process finished before I could finish writing

the previous 3 paragraphs, so it could be pretty quick.

The computer will reboot, and the next thing you'll see is the prompt to set the user's and

computer's name. By default, the computer's name will be username-PC, where username is

the username you've entered.

Note: The user you're creating will be the only user currently available on the system. Like Vista, the built-in

Administrator's account is disabled. Read my article on how to enable the Windows 7 Administrator's

account article for more information.

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Click on "Next".

Figure 9: Set up windows

Enter the users password. Remember this password, as it will be the ONLY user on the

system, and unless you create an additional user or enable the built-in administrator account,if you forget this password youll need to crack it to gain access to the system. The best

option would be to choose a complex password made of at least 7 characters or more

(something like Pssw0rd or MYpa$$w0rd). You must also enter a password hint.

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Click on Next.

Figure 10: Setting password

Next, type in your product key. If you do not have the product key at hand you can still click

"Next", and proceed with the installation. You will be asked to enter the product key after

Windows is installed.

Figure 11: product key

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Choose what sort of protection your computer gets. The recommended settings are best for

someone that doesn't plan to hide their computer behind a corporate. If you plan to install a

3rd-party firewall later you can opt to be prompted later. Note that this setting will also have

effect on how the computer uses the Microsoft Windows Update (Automatic Updates)

features.

Figure 12: Windows Update

Choose your time zone and location and click on "Next".

Figure 13: Set up windows

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Select your network location type. This setting can be changed later, but do note that

choosing a profile will have effect on the Windows Firewall and sharing settings. Click on

"Next".

Figure 14: Set up current Location

Windows will finalize the settings and your desktop will appear.

Figure 15: Dekstop

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USER INTERFACE

A new-look user experience

Figure 16: New look User

One of the first things we've noticed is that Windows 7, in its default state, looks very, very

simple. In contrast to Vista, there's no pop-up Welcome Centre, no pre-loaded Sidebar

Gadgets and very little clutter in the system tray. Instead, you've a sole Recycle Bin on the

desktop, and a trio of icons in the quick-launch area; Internet Explorer, Explorer and

Windows Media Player.

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Jump Lists and Taskbar inconsistencies

Expanding the functionality of the new-look Windows Taskbar is a feature that makes its

debut in 7; Jump Lists.

Essentially an expanded set of menu options, the Jump List is available by right-clicking any

icon in the Taskbar area, including both shortcuts and open applications.

Figure 19 : Start Menu

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Despite the promising introduction of new functionality, Microsoft's bold revision of the

Taskbar isn't without its faults. During use, we've noticed a handful of shortcomings. Firstly,

it isn't possible to pin multiple associated items separately onto the Taskbar. Secondly,

multiple instances of an open application or window are automatically grouped together on

the Taskbar, irrespective of whether the Taskbar is viewed with or without labels.

Figure 20:Windows

Take, for example, the tooltips for minimize, maximize and close. For some unknown reason,

they appear in the old Windows XP style, with a cream-colored background and a square box

(pictured above, right).

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Windows Aero, take two

Aero, the graphical user interface introduced in Windows Vista, has been given a significant

overhaul in 7. What was once seen as little more than superfluous eye-candy has been

transformed into a tool designed to improve productivity.

Figure 21:Windows Aero

Figure 22:Windows Tabs

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Snap it, shake it, aero flip it

Arguably our favourite new feature in terms of everyday productivity is Aero Snap. Allowing

multiple sources of content to be viewed side-by-side with ease, it snaps windows to the left

or right sides of the screen and resizes them to 50 per cent of the desktop real estate.

Figure 23 :Windows

When used with big-screen displays, it's a feature you soon find yourself unable to live

without. Aero Snap can be used by dragging a window to either the left or right edges, or via

keyboard shortcuts (Windows key + left/right arrow). Similarly, dragging a window to the

top will maximize it, whilst pulling it away will restore down. Simple, but mighty effective.

.

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Figure 24:Windows Aero Flip

Though Aero Flip 3D remains present in 7, Microsoft has done what it should have in the

first place, that is, overhauled the classic Alt + Tab application switcher.

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Windows Explorer and Libraries

Figure 25: Windows Explorer and Library

The first thing you'll notice is that 7's Explorer is in keeping with the rest of the operating

system; it's cleaner and looks more refined. The file menu takes on a subtle shade of blue and

consequently almost goes. Users are free to create as many libraries as they wish, and it's a

feature that even at this first stage looks increasingly impressive. For example, the

Documents library can be arranged by folder, author, date modified, tag, type and name.

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Any other Advantages

For those making use of multiple displays, a new keyboard shortcut (Windows Key + P)

simplifies the task of switching between display modes.

Figure 26:New Keyboard shortcuts

Available options include computer only, duplicate (mirror), extend and projector (or external

display) only.

Gadgets, another feature that first debuted in Windows Vista, has also been revamped for 7.

Figure 27:Gadgets

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Figure 28: Personalization

Microsoft includes seven aero themes as standard; Windows 7; Architecture; Characters;

Landscapes; Nature; Scenes and another country-specific theme - United Kingdom, in our

case. Each is accompanied by a unique sound scheme, and a specific window colour.

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PROCESS CONTROL MANAGEMENT

PROCESS

It is a plan in killing that progress in a sequential manner. It is a constituent of work alongside

exceptional procedure identification. It needs resources like recollection, CPU period and

files to finish its task. The working arrangement creates and deletes user and arrangement

processes. A running procedure can perhaps come to be Blocked, Prepared or Terminated. A

Running procedure becomes Blocked after the procedure itself cannot present because it is

staying for an I/O procedure to finish, or after it is staying for a little external event to

happen.

PROCESS CONTROL BLOCK (PCB)

A procedure in a working arrangement is embodied by a data construction recognized as a

procedure manipulation block (PCB) or procedure descriptor. The PCB is a precise store that

permits to find key data concerning a process. Thus, the PCB is the data construction that

defines a procedure to the working systems.

Figure 29: Process Control Management

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PROCESS SCHEDULING

As procedures go in the arrangement, they are locale on the job queue. A new procedure is

locale on the prepared queue. The procedure waits till it is selected for killing (or dispatched)

and given CPU resources. After the CPU is allocated and the procedure is running the

procedure might subject an I/O appeal and be allocated on a mechanism queue, the procedure

might craft a new sub-process, the procedure might be forcibly removed.

CONCURRENT PROCESS

Concurrent procedures can be autonomous or cooperating processes. Autonomous procedures

are procedures that do not demand to interact alongside supplementary processes.

Cooperating procedures are procedures that work alongside every single supplementary, and

can alter or be altered by one more process.

Why ought to a working arrangement permit for cooperating processes? Data allocating and

to permit admission to resources employing the PCB. Rise computation speed.

THREAD

A mini handy procedure that can present independently of supplementary portions of the

process. Two kinds of threads: user procedures and arrangement processes. Conception of a

new procedure (child) from the older one (parent) is shouted spawning or forking.

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DEADLOCK MANAGEMENT

Deadlock is a situation may arise in shared resources whereby two or moreprocesses (also

called threads) cannot continue because theresources which each process requires are held by

another process. Deadlocks prevention provides a set of methods for safeguarding that at least

one of the vital conditions cannot hold. These methods stop deadlocks by constraining how

demands for resources can be made. Deadlock is also divided into 4 types of conditions,

which are mutual exclusion, hold and wait, No-preemption and circular wait.

Resources

Deadlocks can occur after procedures have been conceded select admission to devices, files

and so forth. To make the discussion of deadlocks as finished as probable, we will denote to

the objects conceded as resources. A resource can be a hardware device or a piece of

information. Resources come in two types: Preemptable and Non-preemptable. A

Preemptable resource is one that can be seized away from the procedure owning it alongside

no ill effects.

Preemptable resources

A Preemptable resource is one that can be seized away from the procedure owning it

alongside no ill effects.

Memory is an example of a Preemptable resource. Consider, for example, an arrangement

alongside 32 MB of user memory, one printer, and two 32-MB procedures that every single

desire to print something.

Process A appeal and gets the printer, next onset to compute the benefits to print. Before it

has finished alongside the computation, it exceeds its period quantum and is swapped out.

Process B nowadays runs and tires, ineffectively, to buy the printer. Potentially, we nowadays

have a deadlock situation, because A has the printer and B has the memory, and neither can

continue lacking the resource held by the other. Fortunately, it is probable to preempt (take

away) the recollection from B by swapping it out and swapping A in. Nowadays A can run,

do its creation, and next discharge the printer. No deadlock occurs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing)

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Non-preemptable resources

A Non-preemptable resource, in difference is one that cannot be seized away from its present

proprietor lacking provoking the computation to fail. An example deed in windows 7, if a

procedure has begun to burn a CD-ROM, unexpectedly seizing the CD recorder away from it

and providing it to one more procedure.

Deadlock Conditions:-

Mutual exclusion

This condition happens after a resource that cannot be utilized by extra than one procedure ata period.

Hold and wait

Holding at least one procedure and will accord supplementary resources that owned by

supplementary process.

No-preemption

The process that can only release the resource after the procedure has completed.

Circular wait

A circular wait happen if the chain of two or extra threads is staying for a resource held by

the subsequent member in the chain. This wills automatically locale the computer into

deadlock situation.

Methods to handle deadlock situation:

Deadlock Prevention

Mutual Exclusion- allows resources to allocate among different processes that it

allows the computer to allocate the resources.

Hold and Wait- if the process is holding each resource next the supplementary

resource will not allowed.

No-Preemption- allow preemption way it allows the resource to pause till the

procedure to end.

Circular Wait- the system will try to allow the process present as fast as possible.

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Deadlock Avoidance

Normally in windows7 there is a Process Control Block (PCB) that will halt the new appeal

process as one more process is executing.

Deadlock Detection

Instead to allow the deadlock happen, the system will detect to notice it after it happened by

the PCB and it will find a little supplementary methods to resolve it if the PCB does not work

properly.

Deadlock Recovery

Recovery through Preemption - There is only voluntary release of a resource - nobody else

can make a process give up a resource.

Roll back - The process of restarting a process from a checkpoint is called rollback. The hope

is that the resource requests will not interleave again to produce deadlock.

Killing - The system will kill the process until the dead lock had been terminated by the

system. Because of some of the programs are important so the system will kill the selectedprograms only.

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Figure 30:Virtual Memory

For windows 7, virtual memory combines active RAM and inactive memory on DASD [NB

1] to form a large range of contiguous addresses.

In computing, virtual memory is a memory management technique developed for

multitasking kernels. Random-access memory and disk storage, allowing a program to be

designed as though there is only one kind of memory, "virtual" memory, which behaves like

directly and contiguous addressable read/write memory.

Virtual Address

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Figure 31: Virtual Address

For windows 7, the virtual address space for a process is the set of virtual memory addresses

that it can use. The address space for each process is private and cannot be accessed by other

processes unless it is shared.

A virtual address does not represent the actual physical location of an object in memory;

instead, the system maintains a page table for each process, which is an internal data structure

used to translate virtual addresses into their corresponding physical addresses. Each time a

thread references an address, the system translates the virtual address to a physical address.

The virtual address space for 32-bit Windows is 4 gigabytes (GB) in size and divided into

two partitions: one for use by the process and the other reserved for use by the system.

Working set of memory management (windows 7)

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Optimal usage of system memory is a constant area of investment. The working set

comprises all the potentially trimmable and virtual addresses for a given process, session or

system resource.

Task Manager

Windows 7 Task Manager is a task manager application included with Microsoft Windows

NT family of operating systems that provides detailed information about computer

performance and running applications, processes and CPU usage, commit charge and

memory information, network activity and statistics, logged-in users, and system services.

Figure 32: Task Manager

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The Task Manager can also be used to set process priorities, processor affinity, forcibly

terminate processes, and shut down, restart, hibernate or log off from Windows 7. Windows

Task Manager was introduced with Windows NT 4.0, previous versions of Windows NT

included the Task List application.

Figure 33: Windows Task Manager

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SECONDARY DISK SCHEDULING MANAGEMENT

A hard disk drive is a collection of plates shouted platters. The external of every single platter

is tear into circular tracks. More extra, every single trail is tear into tinier pieces shoutedsectors. Disk I/O is completed sector by sector. A cluster of tracks that are positioned on top

of every single supplementary form a cylinder. There is a head related to an arm for every

single external that grips all I/O operations.

Disk Association Tool:

Disk Association is a functional built-in Windows 7 partition manager that makes hard disk

partitioning quick and simple. Windows 7 Disk Association includes:

A built-in partition manager

A graphical user interface (GUI)

Ability to craft new disk partitions inside Windows 7

Ability to contract continuing disk partitions

With Disk Management, you can initialize disks, craft volumes, format volumes alongside

file arrangements FAT, exFAT, FAT32 or NTFS. You can additionally spread a disk, cut a

disk, check if a disk is healthy or harmful, craft partitions, delete partitions, or change a drive

letter. Disk Association enables you to present most disk-related tasks lacking restarting the

arrangement, and most adjustments seize result immediately.

Figure 34:

Computer

Management

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Disk Maintenance:

If you want to reduce the number of unnecessary files on your hard disk to free up disk space

and help your computer run faster, use Disk Cleanup. It removes temporary files, empties the

Recycle Bin, and removes a variety of system files and other items that you no longer need.

Follow these steps:

1. Open Computer, right click on the drive you wish to clean and selectProperties.

Figure 35:Disk Maintenance Properties

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2. Click theDisk Cleanupbutton on the General tab and Windows will calculate how

much space it can free up.

3. Select the items from the list that you wish to delete and click OK.

Figure 36: Disk Cleanup

4. When asked Are you sure you want to permanently delete these files, clickDelete

Files.

As you use your hard drive, it can develop bad sectors. Bad sectors slow down hard disk

performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult or even

impossible. The Error Checking utility scans the hard drive for bad sectors and scans for file

system errors to see whether certain files or folders are misplaced. To scan a disk, follow

these steps:

1. Open Computer, right click on the drive you wish to check and selectProperties.

2. Click the Toolstab and then click the Check Nowbutton.

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Fragmentation makes your hard disk do extra work that can slow down your computer.

Removable storage devices such as USB flash drives can also become fragmented. Disk

Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more efficiently.

Disk Defragmenter runs on a schedule, but you can also 42nalyse and defragment your disks

and drives manually. To do this, follow these steps:

1. Open Computer, right click on the drive you wish to check and selectProperties.

2. Click the Toolstab and then click theDefragment Nowbutton.

Figure 39: Disk Defragmenter

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STANDRAD SUPPORT

WINDOWS 7

The ITS Help Desk currently provides assistance for users who have Windows 7

installed on their computers. We are happy to assist with general Windows 7 issues such

as network/wireless connectivity, e-mail and applications.

Desktop Supportstarted support on May 10th, 2010. Support is offered to systems that

have been imaged by Desktop Support with Windows 7. We have installed and tested the

followingapplications.

Your Own Departmentmay not be supported by ITS. If this is the case, please checkwith your technical group for support questions
http://www.ndsu.edu/its/help_desk/support_for_windows_7/windows_7_testing/http://www.ndsu.edu/its/help_desk/support_for_windows_7/windows_7_testing/

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CONCLUSION

This assignment has helped us to have a larger understanding concerning Windows 7.

Windows 7 has a lot enhancement from the previous version. For example, the processor is

far faster than the previous version. It provides efficiencies that aid cut the manipulation that

associations consume after running client computers and helps users become extra existence

out of their handy computers batteries As well that, the snipping tool that enables the user to

screenshot selected serving that the user wanted Windows 7. The limitation that we

confronted after acting this assignment is lack of reference resources. We demand to examine

the manipulated resources ourselves in order to finish the assignment.

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GANTT CHART

Figure 40: Gantt Chart 1

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Figure 41: Gantt Chart 2

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WORKLOAD MATRIX

Tasks Thayalan Tulasinatan Sri Sarangga

Raja

Introduction

System Hardware Requirement

Memory Management Comparison

Installation

User Interface

Process Control Management

Deadlock Management

Memory Management

Secondary Disk Scheduling Management

Standard Support

Workload Matrix

Table Of Content

Appendices

Meeting Minutes

Presentation Slides

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MINUTES OF WEEKLY MEETINGS

Minutes of Meeting 1

Windows 7

Date : 8/10/2012

Time : 10am-11am

Venue : Enterprise 3

Attendees : Tulasinatan

Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja

Minutes Writer : Tulasinatan

Agenda:

1. Discussion about the given assignment.

2. Choosing the suitable OS for the assignment.

3. Seperate tasks among the members.

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Windows 7

Date : 10/10/2012

Time : 12.40pm-1.40pm

Venue : Syndicate Level 2


Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja

Minutes Writer : Thayalan

Agenda:

1. Discussion about the progress of the assignment.

2. Discussion about each and every part stages of the assignment.3. Discuss the problems faced by the members.

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Windows 7

Date : 12/10/2012

Time : 11.30am-12.30pm

Venue : Syndicate Level 2


Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja


Agenda:

1. Discussion about progress of the assignment.

2. Sharing ideas and information about the assignment.

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Windows 7

Date : 23/10/2012

Time : 1.00pm-2.00pm



Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja

Minutes Writer : Sri Sarangga Raja

Agenda:



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Windows 7

Date : 7/11/2012

Time : 12.00pm-2.00pm



Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja

Minutes Writer : Sri Sarangga Raja

Agenda:



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Windows 7

Date : 30/11/2012

Time : 12.00pm-2.00pm



Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja


Agenda:



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Windows 7

Date : 6/12/2012

Time : 12.00pm-1.00pm

Venue : Syndicate level 2


Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja


Agenda:



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Windows 7

Date : 12/12/2012

Time : 11.00am-11.00am

Venue : Syndicate level 2


Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja


Agenda:

1. Check each members work.

2. Correct the mistakes done by the members.

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Windows 7

Date : 13/12/2012

Time : 3.45pm-5.00pm



Thayalan

Sri Sarangga Raja


Agenda:

1. Compile all the work.

2. Finalizing the assignment and arrange in order.

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APPENDICES

Figure 1: memory management comparison ......................................................................................... 7

Figure 2 : Windows is Loading ................................................................................................................ 9Figure 3 : Starting windows................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 4 : Install Windows ..................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 5 : Installing Hebrew .................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 6: ................................................................................................................................................ 11

Install Windows Progress ...................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 7: Collecting Information ........................................................................................................... 12

Figure 8: Installing Windows ................................................................................................................. 13

Figure 9: Set up windows ...................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 10: Setting password .................................................................................................................. 15

Figure 11: product key .......................................................................................................................... 15

Figure 12: Windows Update ................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 13: Set up windows .................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 14: Set up current Location ........................................................................................................ 17

Figure 15: Dekstop ................................................................................................................................ 17

Figure 16: New look User ...................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 17: New look windows taskbar .................................................................................................. 19

Figure 19 : Start Menu .......................................................................................................................... 20

Figure 20:Windows ............................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 21:Windows Aero ...................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 22:Windows Tabs ....................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 23 :Windows .............................................................................................................................. 23

Figure 24:Windows Aero Flip ................................................................................................................ 24

Figure 26:New Keyboard shortcuts....................................................................................................... 26

Figure 27:Gadgets ................................................................................................................................. 26

Figure 28: Personalization..................................................................................................................... 27

Figure 29: Process Control Management ............................................................................................. 28

Figure 30:Virtual Memory ..................................................................................................................... 34

Figure 31: Virtual Address ..................................................................................................................... 35

Figure 32: Task Manager ....................................................................................................................... 36Figure 33: Windows Task Manager ....................................................................................................... 37

Figure 34: .............................................................................................................................................. 38

Computer .............................................................................................................................................. 38

Management ......................................................................................................................................... 38

Figure 35:Disk Maintenance Properties ................................................................................................ 39

Figure 36: Disk Cleanup ......................................................................................................................... 40

Figure 37:Properties.............................................................................................................................. 41

Figure 38:Check Disk ............................................................................................................................. 41

Figure 39: Disk Defragmenter ............................................................................................................... 42

Figure 40: Gantt Chart 1 ........................................................................................................................ 45

Figure 41: Gantt Chart 2 ........................................................................................................................ 46

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

140.118.19.57 (2000) Windows compared: Windows 7 vs. Vista vs. XP. [online] Available at:

http://140.118.19.57/homework/98/ComputerIntro/homework2/B9730404_4/[Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Altiusdirectory.com (2009) Windows 7 Operating System, Introduction, Launching of

Windows 7, Installation, Purpose Features of Windows 7. [online] Available at:

http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Computers/windows7-operating-system.php [Accessed:

14 Dec 2012].

dwachira (2012)Deadlock Prevention, Detection, Recovery and Avoidance. [online]

Available at: http://dwachira.hubpages.com/hub/Process-Deadlock-Definition-

Prevention-Detection-Recovery-and-Avoidance [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Ecs.umass.edu (n.d.)Disk Scheduling Algorithms. [online] Available at:

http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/architecture/Disk/help.htm [Accessed: 14 Dec

2012].

En.wikipedia.org (2012)Internal fragmentation - Search results - Wikipedia, the free

encyclopedia. [online] Available at:

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=

Internal+fragmentation&fulltext=Search [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

En.wikipedia.org (2012)Memory management - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [online]

Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management [Accessed: 14 Dec

2012].

En.wikipedia.org (2011)Fragmentation (computing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

[online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(computing)

[Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Hexus.net (2009)Review: Windows 7 - Part 3: User Interface - Software - HEXUS.net.

[online] Available at: http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/software/20762-windows-7-part-3-

user-interface/ [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Laptopmag.com (1997)Mac OS X Snow Leopard vs. Windows 7. [online] Available at:

http://www.laptopmag.com/mobile-life/snow-leopard-vs-windows-7.aspx?page=2

[Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Lovingod.host.sk (1979) Ostrich algorithm.. [online] Available at:

http://lovingod.host.sk/tanenbaum/Recovery-from-Deadlock.html [Accessed: 14 Dec

2012].

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Msdn.microsoft.com (2008) Windows Memory Management. [online] Available at:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/gg463005.aspx [Accessed:

14 Dec 2012].

Ndsu.edu (2010) Support for Windows 7 - Information Technology Services (NDSU). [online]

Available at: http://www.ndsu.edu/its/help_desk/support_for_windows_7/ [Accessed:

14 Dec 2012].

Nikky (2010)Fragmentation And Types Of Fragmentation In Operating System. [online]

Available at: http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/118578-Fragmentation-And-

Types-Of-Fragmentation-In.aspx [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Nyau, A. (2010)Process Control Management. [online] Available at:

http://www.computertipsfree.com/process-control-management/ [Accessed: 14 Dec

2012].

Petri.co.il (2008)Install Windows 7: The Ultimate Step-by Step Guide. [online] Available at:

http://www.petri.co.il/ultimate-guide-to-installing-windows-7.htm [Accessed: 14 Dec

2012].

Readanddigest.com (2012) What is an Operating System: Introduction, Functions of an

Operating System | Read and Digest. [online] Available at:

http://readanddigest.com/what-is-an-operating-system/ [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

windows.microsoft.com (2012) Start your computer from a Windows 7 installation disc or

USB flash drive. [online] Available at: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-

MY/windows7/Start-your-computer-from-a-Windows-7-installation-disc-or-USB-flash-

drive [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

wiseGEEK (2012) What is an Operating System?. [online] Available at:

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-an-operating-system.htm [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

Tweakhound.com (2011) TweakHound - Tweaking Windows 7, Page 5. [online] Available at:

http://www.tweakhound.com/windows7/tweaking/5.html [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

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MARKING SCHEME

No Group Number

Team Member Names esearc

an

Investigation(30)

Installation(20)

Documentation(10)

R

eferencing

(10)

G

roupMarks(70)

Analysis(15)

P

resentation(15)

Ind.

Marks(30)

Total(100)

1

THAYALAN

2

TULASINATAN

3SRI SARANGGA RAJA