oscillation of even order nonlinear neutral differential equations of e
DESCRIPTION
This paper presently exhibits about the oscillation of even order nonlinear neutral differential equations of E of the form e t z^ n 1 t ^ r t f h t v t f d t =0Where z t =x t p t x t ,n=2, is a even integer. The output we considered t o ^8รยฆ e^ 1 t dt=8 , and t o ^8รยฆ e^ 1 t dt 8 . This canon here extracted enhanced and developed a few known results in literature. Some model are given to embellish our main results. G. Pushpalatha | S. A. Vijaya Lakshmi "Oscillation of Even Order Nonlinear Neutral Differential Equations of E" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11060.pdf Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/11060/oscillation-of-even-order-nonlinear-neutral-differential-equations-of-e/g-pushpalathaTRANSCRIPT
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ISSN No: 2456
InternationalResearch
Oscillation of Even Order
G. Pushpalatha Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for
Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT This paper presently exhibits about the even order nonlinear neutral differential equations of E of the form
๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐(โ ๐พ(๐ก) + ๐ฃ
= 0 Where ๐ง(๐ก) = ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐ฅ ๐(๐ก) , ๐ โฅ
integer. The output we considered โซ ๐
and โซ ๐ (๐ก)๐๐ก < โ. This canon here extracted
enhanced and developed a few known results in literature. Some model are given to embellish our main results.
INTRODUCTION
We apprehensive with the oscillation theorems for the following half-linear even order neutral delay differential equation
๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)โฒ+ ๐(๐ก)๐(โ ๐พ(๐ก) + ๐ฃ(
0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , (1)
Where๐ง(๐ก) = ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐ฅ ๐(๐ก) , ๐ โฅinteger .Every part of this paper, we assume that
(๐ธ ) ๐ โ ๐ถ([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ), ๐(๐ก) > 0, ๐โฒ(๐ก) โฅ
(๐ธ ) ๐, ๐ โ ๐ถ([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ),
0 โค ๐(๐ก) โค ๐ < โ, ๐(๐ก) > 0, where ๐
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume โ 2 | Issue โ 3 | Mar-Apr 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
f Even Order Nonlinear Neutral DifferentialEquations of E
Department of Mathematics, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for
Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
S. A. Vijaya LakshmiResearch Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science
Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
exhibits about the oscillation of even order nonlinear neutral differential equations of
๐ฃ(๐ก)๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก)
โฅ 2, is a even
๐ (๐ก)๐๐ก = โ,
here extracted
enhanced and developed a few known results in . Some model are given to embellish our
We apprehensive with the oscillation theorems for the neutral delay
(๐ก)๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) =
2, is a even we assume that:
โฅ 0;
is a constant;
(๐ธ ) ๐ โ ๐ถ1([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ), ๐พ โ ๐ถ
๐ฟ โ ๐ถ([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ), ๐โฒ(๐ก) โฅ ๐
๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐ก, ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐ก , ๐ โ ๐พ = ๐พ
๐ โ ๐ฟ = ๐ฟ โ ๐,
lim โโ ๐พ(๐ก) = โ , lim โโ ๐ฟ(constant.
(๐ธ ) ๐ โ ๐ถ(๐ธ, ๐ธ) and
๐(๐ฅ) ๐ฅโ โฅ ๐ , ๐ > 0, for ๐ฅconstant.
Then the two cases are
โซ( )
๐๐ก = โโ
โซ( )
๐๐ก < โโ
,
By a solution ๐ง of (1) a function be
๐ โ ๐ถ ([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ) for some
Where ๐ง(๐ก) = ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐ฅ
๐๐ง โ ๐ถ1([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ) and satisfiesThen (1) satisfies ๐ ๐ข๐{|๐ฅ)๐ก๐ โฅ ๐ก is called oscillatory.
In certain case when ๐ = 2 the equation (1) lessen to the following equations
Apr 2018 Page: 632
6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue โ 3
Scientific (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Nonlinear Neutral Differential
Vijaya Lakshmi Department of Mathematics,
Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
([๐ก ,โ), ๐ธ),
> 0,
๐พ โ ๐ ,
(๐ก) = โ , where ๐ is a
๐ฅ โ 0 , where ๐ , ๐ is
(2)
(3)
of (1) a function be
for some ๐ก โฅ ๐ก ,
( ) ๐(๐ก) , has a property and satisfies (1) on (๐ก ,โ). { ๐ก): ๐ก โฅ ๐|} > 0 for all
the equation (1) lessen to
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(๐(๐ก) ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐ฅ ๐(๐ก)โฒ โฒ
+ ๐(๐ก)๐(โ ๐พ(๐ก) +
๐ฃ(๐ก)๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) = 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก ,
(4)
Where โซ ๐ (๐ก)๐๐ก = โ,
๐(๐ก) โค ๐ก , ๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐ก, ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐ก,
0 โค ๐(๐ก) โค ๐ < โ.
Then the oscillatory behavior of the solutions of the neutral differential equations of the second order
(๐(๐ก) ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐ฅ ๐(๐ก)โฒ โฒ
+ ๐(๐ก)(โ ๐พ(๐ก) +
๐ฃ(๐ก) ๐ฟ(๐ก) = 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก (5)
Where โซ ๐ (๐ )๐๐ = โ,
0 โค ๐(๐ก) โค ๐ < โ.
The usual limitations on the coefficient of (5) be ๐(๐ก) โค ๐ก, ๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐(๐ก), ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐(๐ก),
๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐ก, ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐ก, 0 โค ๐(๐ก) < 1, are not assumed.
๐ Could be a advanced argument and ๐พ, ๐ฟ could be a delay argument ,
Some known expand results are seen in [1,5]. Then the
Even-order nonlinear neutral functional differential equations
(๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)๐ฅ ๐(๐ก) )โฒ(n) + ๐(๐ก)๐(โ ๐พ(๐ก) +
๐ฃ(๐ก)๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) = 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , (6)
Where n is even 0 โค ๐(๐ก) < 1 and ๐(๐ก) โค ๐ก.
(A) Lemma. 1
The oscillatory behavior of solutions of the following linear differential inequality
๐ค โฒ(๐ก) + ๐(๐ก)โ(๐พ)) + ๐ฃ(๐ก)๐(๐ฟ(๐ก)) โค 0
Where ๐, ๐ฃ, ๐พ, ๐ฟ โ ๐ถ([๐ก ,โ )),
๐พ(๐ก)๐ก , ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐ก
limโโ
๐พ(๐ก) = โ , limโโ
๐ฟ(๐ก) = โ
Now integrating from ๐พ(๐ก) to ๐ก and ๐ฟ(๐ก) ๐ก๐ ๐ก
If
limโโ
๐๐๐ ๐(๐ )๐๐ +( )
limโโ
๐๐๐ ๐ฃ(๐ )๐๐ >1
๐,
( )
Then it has no finally positive solutions.
Main results
The main results which covenant that every solution of (1) is oscillatory
(1) lim โโ ๐๐๐ โซ ๐ฝ(๐ )๐๐ ( )
>
(2)limโโ
๐ ๐ข๐ ๐ฝ(๐ )๐๐ > 1( )
B.Theorem. 2.1
Assume that โซ( )
๐๐ก = โโ
holds. If
๐ (๐ก) +โ
๐ (๐ก) ๐๐ก = โ โ
Where ๐ (๐ก)= min {๐(๐ก), ๐(๐(๐ก))} ๐ (๐ก)= min{๐ฃ(๐ก), ๐ฃ(๐(๐ก))}, then every solutions of (1) is oscillatory.
Proof
Suppose, on the contradictory,๐ฅ is a nonoscillatory solutions of (1). Without loss of generality, we may assume that there exists a constant ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , such that
๐ฅ(๐ก) > 0, ๐ฅ(๐(๐ก)) > 0 and (๐พ(๐ก)) > 0 ,
๐ฅ(๐ฟ(๐ก)) > 0 for all ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . Using the definitions of ๐ง and x is a eventually positive solution of (1). Then there exists ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , such that
๐ง(๐ก) > 0, ๐ง โฒ(๐ก) > 0, ๐ง( )(๐ก) > 0 and ๐ง (๐ก) โค 0 for all ๐ก โฅ ๐ก .
.Hencelim โโ ๐ง(๐ก) โ 0.
Applying ( ๐ธ ) and (1) we get
๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)โฒ
โค โ๐ ๐(๐ก)โ ๐พ(๐ก) < 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก
๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)โฒ
โค โ๐ ๐ฃ(๐ก)๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) < 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก .
Therefore (๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)) is a nonincreasing function. Besides, from the above inequality and the definition of ๐ง, we get
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Case (1)
๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)โฒ+ ๐ ๐(๐ก)โ ๐พ(๐ก) +
โฒ( )(๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( ) ๐(๐ก)
โฒ+
๐ ๐ ๐((๐(๐ก))โ(๐พ((๐(๐ก))) โค 0
(๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก))โฒ + ๐ ๐ (๐ก)๐ง ๐พ(๐ก) +
(๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ก)))โฒ โค 0 (7)
Integrating (7) from ๐ก ๐ก๐ ๐ก, we have
(๐(๐ )๐ง( )(๐ ))โฒ๐๐
+ ๐ ๐ (๐ )๐ง ๐พ(๐ ) ๐๐
+๐
๐(๐ ๐(๐ ) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ )))โฒ ๐๐
โค 0
Pointing that ๐โฒ(๐ก) โฅ ๐ > 0
๐ ๐ (๐ )๐ง ๐พ(๐ ) ๐๐ โค โ ๐(๐ )๐ง( )(๐ ))โฒ๐๐
โ๐
๐
1
๐โฒ(๐ )(๐ ๐(๐ ) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ )))โฒ ๐๐ ๐(๐(๐ )
โค
๐(๐ก )๐ง( )๐ก โ(๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)) +
(๐ ๐(๐ก ) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ก ) โ
(๐(๐(๐ก))๐ง( )(๐(๐ก))) (8)
Since ๐ง โฒ(๐ก) > 0 for ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . We can find a invariable ๐ > 0 such that
๐ง ๐พ(๐ก) โฅ ๐, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก .
Then from (8) and the fact that (๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)) is non increasing, we obtain
โซ ๐ (๐ก) < โโ
(9)
Case (2)
(๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก))โฒ + ๐ ๐ฃ(๐ก)๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก)
+๐
๐โฒ(๐ก)(๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( ) ๐(๐ก)
โฒ
+ ๐ ๐ ๐ฃ((๐(๐ก))๐(๐ฟ((๐(๐ก))) โค 0
๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)โฒ+ ๐ ๐(๐ก)๐ง ๐ฟ(๐ก) +
(๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( ) ๐(๐ก)โฒ (10)
Integrating (10) from ๐ก ๐ก๐ ๐ก, we have
๐(๐ )๐ง( )(๐ ))โฒ๐๐
+ ๐ ๐(๐ )๐ง ๐ฟ(๐ ) ๐๐
+๐
๐(๐ ๐(๐ ) ๐ง( ) ๐(๐ )
โฒ๐๐ โค 0
Pointing that ๐โฒ(๐ก) โฅ ๐ > 0
๐ โซ ๐(๐ )๐ง ๐ฟ(๐ ) ๐๐ โค โ โซ ๐(๐ )๐ง( )(๐ ))โฒ๐๐ โ
โซ โฒ( )(๐ ๐(๐ ) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ )))โฒ ๐๐ ๐(๐(๐ ))
โค(๐(๐ก )๐ง( )๐ก โ(๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)) +
(๐ ๐(๐ก ) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ก ) โ
๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( ) ๐(๐ก) (11)
Since ๐ง โฒ(๐ก) > 0 for ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . We can find a invariable ๐ > 0 such that
๐ง ๐ฟ(๐ก) โฅ ๐, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก .
Then from (8) and the fact that (๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก)) is nonincreasing, we obtain โซ ๐ (๐ก) < โ
โ
(12)
We get inconsistency with (9),(12).
๐ (๐ก) +โ
๐ (๐ก) = โ โ
Theorem. 2.2
Assume that โซ( )
๐๐ก = โโ
holds and ๐(๐ก) โฅ ๐ก. if
either
lim โโ ๐๐๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )!, (13)
Or when ๐พ , ๐ฟ is increasing,
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lim โโ ๐ ๐ข๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )!, (14)
Where (๐ก) = min ๐ ๐(๐ก), ๐ ๐ ๐(๐ก) ,
then every solution of (1) is oscillatory .
Proof
Suppose, on the contrary ๐ฅ is a oscillatory solution of (1). Without loss of generality, we may assume that there exists a constant ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , such that t ๐ฅ(๐ก) > 0,
๐ฅ(๐(๐ก)) > 0 and ๐ฅ(๐พ(๐ก)) > 0 , ๐ฅ(๐ฟ(๐ก)) > 0 for all ๐ก โฅ ๐ก .
Assume that ๐ฅ( )(๐ก) is not consonantly zero on any interval [๐ก ,โ), and there exists a ๐ก > ๐ก . Such that๐ฅ( )(๐ก)๐ข( )(๐ก) โค 0 for all ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . If lim โโ ๐ฅ(๐ก) โ 0,then for every ๐, 0 < ๐ < 1, there exists๐ โฅ ๐ก , such that for all ๐ก โฅ ๐,
๐ฅ(๐ก) โฅ( )!
๐ก ๐ข( )(t) forever
0 < ๐ < 1 , we obtain
(๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก))โฒ + (๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( ) ๐(๐ก)โฒ+
( )!
๐พ (๐ก)๐ฝ(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐พ((t)) +
( )!
๐ฟ (๐ก)๐พ(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐พ((t)) โค 0,
For every ๐ก sufficiently large.
Let ๐ฅ(๐ก) = ๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก) > 0. Then for all ๐ก large
enough, we have
๐ฅ(๐ก) +๐
๐๐ฅ ๐(๐ก)
โฒ
+๐
(๐ โ 1)!
๐พ (๐ก)๐ฝ(๐ก)
๐(๐พ(๐ก)) ๐ฅ ๐พ(๐ก)
+๐
(๐ โ 1)!
๐ฟ (๐ก)๐พ(๐ก)
๐(๐ฟ(๐ก)) ๐ฅ ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค 0
(15)
Next , let us denote
๐ฆ(๐ก) = ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐ฅ ๐(๐ก) . Since ๐ฅ is non increasing,
it follows from ๐(๐ก) โฅ ๐ก that
๐ฆ(๐ก) โค 1 + ๐ฅ(๐ก) . (16)
By combining (15) and (16), we get
๐ฆ โฒ(๐ก) +( )!
( ) ( )
( )๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ก) +
( ) ( )
( )๐ฆ ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค 0 (17)
Therefore , ๐ฆ is a non negative solutions of (17).
Then there will be two cases
Case (1)
If
lim โโ ๐๐๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )! holds then a
constant be 0 < ๐ < 1, such that
lim โโ ๐๐๐(โซ( )!
(( ) ( )
( )๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( )( )๐๐ )) > , (18)
By lemma (1), (18) holds that (17) has negative solutions, which is contradictory.
Case (2)
By the definition of ๐ฆ and
( ๐(๐ก)๐ง( )(๐ก))โฒ + ๐ ๐ (๐ก)๐ง ๐พ(๐ก) +
(๐ ๐(๐ก) ๐ง( )(๐(๐ก)))โฒ โค 0
we get ,
๐ฆ โฒ(๐ก) = ๐ฅ โฒ(๐ก) + ๐ฅ ๐(๐ก)โฒ
โค โ๐ฝ(๐ก)๐ง ๐พ(๐ก) โ
๐พ(๐ก)๐ง(๐ฟ(๐ก)) < 0 (19) pointing that ๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐ก, ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐ก, there exists ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , such that
๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ก) โฅ ๐ฆ(๐ก), ๐ฆ ๐ฟ(๐ก) โฅ ๐ฆ(๐ก), ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . (20)
Integrating (17) from ๐พ(๐ก)๐ก๐ ๐ก and ๐ฟ(๐ก) to ๐ก and applying ๐พ , ๐ฟ is increasing, we have
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๐ฆ(๐ก) โ (๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ก) + ๐ฆ ๐ฟ(๐ก) ) +
( )!โซ
( ) ( )
( )( ๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ ) +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ) ๐ฆ ๐ฟ(๐ )
( ))๐๐ โค 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก .
Thus
๐ฆ(๐ก) โ (๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ก) + ๐ฆ(๐ฟ(๐ก))) +
( )!((๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ก) โซ
( ) ( )
( ) +
( )
๐ฆ ๐ฟ(๐ก) ) โซ( ) ( )
( ) )
( )๐๐ โค 0, ๐ก โฅ ๐ก
From the above the inequality,we get
๐ฆ(๐ก)
(๐ฆ ๐พ(๐ก) + ๐ฆ(๐ฟ(๐ก)))โ 1
+๐
๐ + ๐
๐
(๐ โ 1)!
๐พ (๐ )๐ฝ(๐ )
๐ ๐พ(๐ )( )
+๐ฟ (๐ )๐พ(๐ )
๐ ๐ฟ(๐ ) )
( )
๐๐ โค 0
From (20), we have
( )!โซ
( ) ( )
( )+ โซ
( ) ( )
( ) )
( )๐๐
( )โค
1,๐ก โฅ ๐ก (21)
Taking upper limits as ๐ก โ โ in (21) we get
lim โโ ๐ ๐ข๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) โค
( )( )!, (22)
If (14) holds, we choose a constant
0 < ๐ < 1 such that
lim โโ ๐ ๐ข๐(โซ( ) ( )
( )๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( )( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )!,
Which is in contrary with (22).
Theorem 2.3
Assume that โซ( )
๐๐ก = โโ
holds and๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐(๐ก) โค
๐ก, ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐(๐ก) โค ๐ก. If either
lim โโ ๐๐๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )!, (23)
Or when ๐ ๐๐พ , ๐ ๐๐ฟ is increasing,
lim โโ ๐ ๐ข๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )! (24)
Where ๐ฝ, ๐พ is defined as in theorem (2.2), then every solution of (1) is oscillatory.
Proof
Suppose, on the contrary ๐ฅ is a oscillatory solution of (1). Without loss of generality, we may assume that there exists a constant ๐ก โฅ ๐ก , such that
๐ฅ(๐ก) > 0, ๐ฅ(๐(๐ก)) > 0 and
(๐พ(๐ก)) > 0๐ฅ(๐ฟ(๐ก)) > 0 for all ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . Continuing as in the proof of the theorem (2.2), we have
๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐ฅ ๐(๐ก)
โฒ
+
( )!
( ) ( )
( ( )) ๐ฅ ๐พ(๐ก) +
( )!
( ) ( )
( ( )) ๐ฅ ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค 0. Let
๐ฆ(๐ก) = ๐ฅ(๐ก) + ๐ฅ ๐(๐ก) again. Since ๐ฅ is non
increasing, it follows from๐(๐ก)) โค 0 that
๐ฆ(๐ก) โค (1 + )๐ฅ ๐(๐ก) (25)
By combining (15) and (24), we get
๐ฆ โฒ(๐ก) +( )!
( ) ( )
( )๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) +
( ) ( )
( ( )) ๐ฆ ๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค 0 (26)
Therefore, ๐ฆ is a positive solution of (26). Now, we consider the following two cases , on (23) and (24) holds .
Case (1)
If
lim โโ ๐๐๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))( )๐๐ ) >
( )( )! holds then a
constant be 0 < ๐ < 1, such that
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lim โโ ๐๐๐(โซ( )!
(( ) ( )
( )๐๐ +
( )
๐ฟ๐ก๐ก๐ฟ๐โ1๐ ๐พ๐ ๐๐ฟ๐ ๐๐ ))>1๐ (27)
Therefore (27) holds (26) has no positive solutions which is a contradiction.
Case (2)
From (19) and the condition
๐พ(๐ก) โค ๐(๐ก), ๐ฟ(๐ก) โค ๐(๐ก), there exists
๐ก โฅ ๐ก , such that ๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) โฅ ๐ฆ(๐ก) ,
๐ฆ ๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) โฅ ๐ฆ(๐ก) ๐ก โฅ ๐ก . (28)
Integrating (26) from ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) to๐ก, ๐ ๐ฟ(๐ก) and
applying ๐ ๐๐พ is nondecreasing, then we get
๐ฆ(๐ก) โ ๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) +
( )!โซ
( ) ( )
( )๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) +
( )
๐โ1๐ฟ(๐ก)๐ก๐ฟ๐โ1๐ ๐พ(๐ )๐(๐ฟ๐ )๐ฆ๐โ1๐ฟ๐ก๐๐ โค 0 , ๐กโฅ๐ก2.
Thus
๐ฆ(๐ก) โ ๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) +
( )!๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก) โซ
( ) ( )
( ( ))+
( )
๐ฆ๐โ1๐ฟ๐ก๐โ1๐ฟ(๐ก)๐ก๐ฟ๐โ1๐ ๐พ(๐ )๐(๐ฟ๐ )๐๐ โค0, ๐กโฅ๐ก2.
From the inequality , we obtain
๐ฆ(๐ก)
๐ฆ ๐ ๐พ(๐ก)
โ 1 ๐
๐ + ๐
๐
(๐ โ 1)!
๐พ (๐ )๐ฝ(๐ )
๐(๐พ(๐ ))( )
+๐ฟ (๐ )๐พ(๐ )
๐(๐ฟ(๐ ))( )
๐๐ โค 0 .
From (28) we get
( )!โซ
( ) ( )
( ( ))+
( )
๐โ1๐ฟ(๐ก)๐ก๐ฟ๐โ1๐ ๐พ(๐ )๐(๐ฟ๐ )๐๐ โค1, ๐กโฅ๐ก2. (29)
Taking the upper limit as ๐ก โ โ in (29), we get
lim โ ๐ ๐ข๐(โซ( ) ( )
( ( ))๐๐ +
( )
๐ฟ(๐ก)๐ก๐ฟ๐โ1๐ ๐พ(๐ )๐(๐ฟ๐ )๐๐ )โค(๐0+๐0)(๐โ1)!๐๐0, (30)
Then the proof is similar to that of the theorem (2.2) then it is contradiction to (24).
Reference
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