oscon 2013 - the hitchiker’s guide to open source cloud computing
DESCRIPTION
And while the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (HHGTTG) is a wholly remarkable book it doesn’t cover the nuances of cloud computing. Whether you want to build a public, private or hybrid cloud there are free and open source tools that can help provide you a complete solution or help augment your existing Amazon or other hosted cloud solution. That’s why you need the Hitchhiker’s Guide to (Open Source) Cloud Computing (HHGTCC) or at least to attend this talk understand the current state of open source cloud computing. This talk will cover infrastructure-as-a-service, platform-as-a-service and developments in big data and how to more effectively deploy and manage open source flavors of these technologies. Specific the guide will cover: Infrastructure-as-a-Service – The Systems Cloud – Get a comparison of the open source cloud platforms including OpenStack, Apache CloudStack, Eucalyptus and OpenNebula Platform-as-a-Service – The Developers Cloud – Learn about the tools that abstract the complexity for developers and used to build portable auto-scaling applications ton CloudFoundry, OpenShift, Stackato and more. Data-as-a-Service – The Analytics Cloud – Want to figure out the who, what, where, when and why of big data? You’ll get an overview of open source NoSQL databases and technologies like MapReduce to help parallelize data mining tasks and crunch massive data sets in the cloud. Network-as-a-Service – The Network Cloud – The final pillar for truly fungible network infrastructure is network virtualization. We will give an overview of software-defined networking including OpenStack Quantum, Nicira, open Vswitch and others. Finally this talk will provide an overview of the tools that can help you really take advantage of the cloud. Do you want to auto-scale to serve millions of web pages and scale back down as demand fluctuates. Are you interested in automating the total lifecycle of cloud computing environments You’ll learn how to combine these tools into tool chains to provide continuous deployment systems that will help you become agile and spend more time improving your IT rather than simply maintaining it. [Finally, for those of you that are Douglas Adams fans please accept the deepest apologies for bad analogies to the HHGTTG.]TRANSCRIPT
The HitchHiker’s Guide to Open Source Cloud Computing
OSCON 2013 Mark R. Hinkle
Sr. Director , OPEN SOURCE SOLUTIONS
Citrix Systems INC. @mrhinkle
Mark Hinkle, Sr. Director, Open Source Solutions
• Dedicated to the success of the Apache CloudStack, Open Daylight & Xen Project Communities on Citrix behalf
• Run BuildACloud.org learning activities all over the world• Joined Citrix via Cloud.com acquisition July 2011• Zenoss Core Open Source project to 100,000 users, 1.5
million downloads• Former LinuxWorld Magazine Editor-in-Chief• Open Management Consortium organizer• Author - “Windows to Linux Business Desktop Migration” –
Thomson• NetDirector Project - Open Source Configuration
Management • Sometimes Author and Blogger at SocializedSoftware.com• NetworkWorld Open Source Subnet
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Slides On Line
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/socializedsoftware
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Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Open Cloud by @mrhinkle
Quick Cloud Computing Overview or the Obligatory “What is the Cloud Explanation”
Infinite Improbability Drive
60 Second Cloud Definitions
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USER CLOUD a.k.a. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICESaaS
PaaS
IaaS
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD
1. On-Demand Self-Service2. Broad Network Access3. Resource Pooling4. Rapid Elasticity5. Measured Service
DEVELOPMENT CLOUD a.k.a. PLATFORM-AS-A-SERVICE
SYSTEMS CLOUD a.k.a INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE
Building Open Source Clouds
Cloud Architecture
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Hypervisors
Open Source• Xen, Project Xen Cloud Platform (XCP)• KVM – Kernel-based Virtualization• VirtualBox* - Oracle supported Virtualization Solutions • OpenVZ* - Container-based, Similar to Solaris Containers or BSD Zones• LXC – User Space chrooted installs
Proprietary• VMware• Citrix Xenserver (based • Microsoft Hyper-V• OracleVM (Based on OS Xen)
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Open Virtual Machine Formats
Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or more generally software to be run in virtual machines.
Formats for hypervisors/cloud technologies:
• Amazon - AMI• KVM – QCOW2• VMware – VMDK• Xen Project– IMG• VHD – Virtual Hard Disk - Hyper-V
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Sourcing Cloud Appliances Tool/Project What you can do with them
Bitnami BitNami provides free, ready to run environments for your favorite open source web applications and frameworks, including Drupal, Joomla!, Wordpress, PHP, Rails, Django and many more.
Boxgrinder BoxGrinder is a set of projects that help you grind out appliances for multiple virtualization and Cloud providers
Oz Command-line tool that has the ability to create images for common Linux distributions to run on KVM
SUSE Studio SUSE Studio supports building and deploying directly to cloud services such as Amazon EC2.
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Scale-Up or Scale-Out
Vertical Scaling (Scale-Up) Allocate additional resources to VMs, requires a reboot, no need for distributed app logic, single-point of OS failure
Horizontal Scaling (Scale-Out) Application needs logic to work in distributed fashion (e.g. HA-Proxy and Apache, Hadoop)
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Compute Clouds (IaaS)
Year Started License Virtualization Technologies
Apache CloudStack
2008 Apache Xenserver, Xen Cloud Platform, KVM, VMware (Hyper-V developing)
Eucalyptus 2006 GPL Xen, KVM, VMware (commercial version)
OpenNebula 2005 Apache Xen, KVM, VMware
OpenStack 2010 (Developed by NASA by Anso Labs previously)
Apache VMware ESX and ESXi, , Xen, Xen Cloud Platform KVM, LXC, QEMU and Virtual Box
Numerous companies are building cloud software on OpenStack including Nebula, Piston Inc., CloudScaling
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OpenStack – Ecosystem of Projects
Enterprise Message Queue based on Rabbit MQ (ESB)
Object Storage“Swift”
Image Service“Glance
”
Compute“Nova”
Dashboard “Horizon”
KVM, VMware, Xen Cloud PlatformCeph, Gluster
Advanced Cloud and Networking services accessing the Quantum API
Firewall Service
Gateway Service
Quantum
Netw
orking Fabric REST API
PluginsOpenvSwitch
QuantumPlugin-insId
entit
y Se
rvic
es “
Keys
tone
” API
20+ Collective projects hosted at: https://launchpad.net/openstack
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Cloud APIs
• jclouds• libcloud• deltacloud• fog
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Cloud Computing StorageProject Description
Ceph Distributed file storage system developed by DreamHost
GlusterFS Scale Out NAS system aggregating storage over Ethernet or Infiniband
OpenStack Storage Long-term object storage system
Riak CS Riak CS is open source software designed to provide simple, available, distributed cloud storage at any scale. Riak CS is S3-API compatible and supports per-tenant reporting for billing and metering use cases.
Sheepdog Distributed storage for KVM hypervisors
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Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)Project Year Started Sponsors Languages/Frameworks
CloudFoundry 2011 VMware Spring for Java, Ruby for Rails and Sinatra, node.js, Grails, Scala on Lift and more via partners (e.g. Python, PHP)
Cloudify 2012 Gigaspaces [Groovy for deployment recipes]
OpenShift 2011 Red Hat Java, Ruby, PHP, Perl and Python
Stackato 2012 ActiveState Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Perl, Node.js, others
WSO2 Stratus 2010 WSO2 Jboss, Java EE6
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What’s Coming…the Rise of LXC
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Sounds Good but….
• Gives us a Standard Payload Container for Linux-based workloads
• You Can Run LXC on a Virtualized Environment or Natively
• There are already huge numbers of tools that can manage LXC.
• SELinux provides a proven security model users are already familiar with.
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Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Overview of Software Defined Networking
Business Applications
Network Services
SDN Control Software
API API
Network DevicesNetwork DevicesNetwork Devices
Network DevicesNetwork DevicesNetwork Devices
ApplicationLayer
Control Layer
InfrastructureLayer
Control Data Plane Interface (e.g. OpenFlow)
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Cloud Promise, Reality and Networks
Cloud Promise Cloud Reality
Centralized Configuration and Automation
Without true virtualization, network devices must still be manually configured.
Instant Self-Service Provisioning
In a physical network, it could take a long time for network engineer to provision new services.
Elasticity and Scalability By horizontally scaling up the physical network, elasticity is lost.
Designed for Failure Failover can be automated and physical network limitations can be alleviated.
Source: Midokura
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Open Flow
OpenFlow enables networks to evolve, by giving a remote controller the power to modify the behavior of network devices, through a well-defined "forwarding instruction set". The growing OpenFlow ecosystem now includes routers, switches, virtual switches, and access points from a range of vendors.
Image from http://www.openflow.org/documents/openflow-wp-latest.pdf
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Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Project Description
Floodlight The Floodlight controller is an enterprise-class, Apache-licensed, Java-based OpenFlow Controller.
Indigo Indigo is an open source project to support OpenFlow on a range of physical switches. By leveraging hardware features of Ethernet switch ASICs, Indigo supports high rates for high port counts, up to 48 10-gigabit ports. Multiple gigabit platforms with 10-gigabit uplinks are also supported.
Open Daylight Linux Foundation Collaborative Project based on Cisco One Controller and plugins from numerous vendors in development. E.g IBM DOVE
OpenStack “Quantum” Networking
Pluggable, scalable, API-driven network and IP management
Open vSwitch Open vSwitch is a open source (ASL 2.0), multilayer virtual switch designed to enable massive network automation through programmatic extension, while still supporting standard management interfaces and protocols (e.g. NetFlow, sFlow, SPAN, RSPAN, CLI, LACP, 802.1ag).
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Big Data
Deep Thought
1 Billion Facebook Users - October 2012
Dec-04
Mar-05
Jun-05
Sep-05
Dec-05
Mar-06
Jun-06
Sep-06
Dec-06
Mar-07
Jun-07
Sep-07
Dec-07
Mar-08
Jun-08
Sep-08
Dec-08
Mar-09
Jun-09
Sep-09
Dec-09
Mar-10
Jun-10
Sep-10
Dec-10
Mar-11
Jun-11
Sep-11
Dec-11
Mar-12
Jun-12
Sep-12
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Faceb
ook U
sers
in
M
illion
s
Source: Benphoster.com
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Data is growing faster than storage capacity and computing power. Legacy systems hold organizations back; storage software must include multi-petabyte capacity, support potentially billions of objects, and provide application performance awareness and agile provisioning.
-Gartner, Big Data Challenges for the IT Infrastructure Team
Big Data and Storage Infrastructure
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Open Source NoSQL DatabasesName Type DescriptionApache Cassandra
Wide Column Store/Families
API: many » Query Method: MapReduce, Replicaton: , Written in: Java, Concurrency: eventually consistent , Misc: like "Big-Table on Amazon Dynamo alike", initiated by Facebook
CouchDB Document Store API: Memcached API+protocol (binary and ASCII) , most languages, Protocol: Memcached REST interface for cluster conf + management, Written in: C/C++ + Erlang (clustering), Replication: Peer to Peer, fully consistent, Misc: Transparent topology changes during operation, provides memcached-compatible caching buckets
HBase Wide Column Store/Families
API: Java / any writer, Protocol: any write call, Query Method: MapReduce Java / any exec, Replication: HDFS Replication, Written in: Java
Hypertable Wide Column Store/Families
PI: Thrift (Java, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc.), Protocol: Thrift, Query Method: HQL, native Thrift API, Replication: HDFS Replication, Concurrency: MVCC, Consistency Model: Fully consistent Misc: High performance C++ implementation of Google's Bigtable.
MongoDB Document Store API: BSON, Protocol: C, Query Method: dynamic object-based language & MapReduce, Replication: Master Slave & Auto-Sharding, Written in: C++,Concurrency
Redis Key Value/ Tuple Store
API: Tons of languages, Written in: C, Concurrency: in memory and saves asynchronous disk after a defined time. Append only mode available. Different kinds of fsync policies. Replication: Master / Slave, Misc: also lists, sets, sorted sets, hashes, queues.
Riak Key Value / Tuple Store
API: JSON, Protocol: REST, Query Method: MapReduce term matching , Scaling: Multiple Masters; Written in: Erlang, Concurrency: eventually consistent (stronger then MVCC via Vector Clocks)
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MapReduce
Problem Data
Master Node
WorkerNode 1
Worker Node 2
Worker Node 3
Solution Data
Map
Reduce
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Apache Hadoop
Overview• Handles large amounts of data• Stores data in native format• Delivers linear scalability at low cost• Resilient in case of infrastructure failures• Transparent application scalability
Facts • Apache top-level open source project• One framework for storage and compute
– HDFS – Scalable storage in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)– Compute via the MapReduce distributed processing platform
• Domain Specific Language (DSL) - Java
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Hadoop Architecture
Hadoop Common
HDFSDistributes & replicates data
across machines
MapReduceDistributes & monitors tasks
Hive Data warehouse that
provides SQL interface. Ad hoc projection of
data structure to unstructured
MapReduce
• Parallel programming
• Handles large data blocks
Non-Relational DB
HBase Column-oriented
schema-less distributed DB modeled after Google’s BigTableRandom real time
read/write.
Scripting
PigPlatform for
manipulating and analyzing large data sets.
Scripting language for analysts.
Mahout Machine learning
libraries for recommendations ,
clustering, classifications and item sets.
Machine Learning
Chuc
kwa
Zook
eepe
r
Managem
en
t
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Big Data Summary
• Quantity of Machine Created Data Increasing Drastically (examples: networked sensor data from mobile phones and GPS devices)
• Data manipulation moving from batched to real-time• Cloud services giving everyone Big Data tools • Consumer company speed and scale requirements driving
efficiencies in Big Data storage and analytics• New and broader number of data sources being meshed
together• Big Data Apps means using Big Data is faster and easier
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Cloud Management Tools
Automation in the Cloud
Meat Cloud Cloud Operations
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4 Types of Management Tools
ProvisioningInstallation of operating systems and other software
Configuration ManagementSets the parameters for servers, can specify installation parameters
Orchestration/AutomationAutomate tasks across systems
MonitoringRecords errors and health of IT infrastructure
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Management Toolchains
Configuration
Patching and
Provisioning
Monitoring
Toolchain (n):
A set of tools where the output of one tool becomes the input of another tool
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Conceptual Automated Toolchain
BootStrapped ImageCloudStackOpenStack
ConfigurationPuppet
Chef
Start/Stop ServicesRunDeck
CapistranoMCollective
ProvisionCobbler
SUSE Stuido
MonitoringNagiosZenoss Cacti
Generate ImagesSUSE StudioBoxGrinder
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Goodbye and Thanks for All the Fish!
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Slides Can be Viewed and Downloaded at:
http://www.slideshare.net/socializedsoftware/
Copyright Mark R. Hinkle, available under the CCbySA license some rights reserved. 2012 -2013
Contact Me
Professional: [email protected]: [email protected]
Phone: 919.228.8049
Personal: http://www.socializedsoftware.comProfessional: http://open.citrix.com
Twitter: @mrhinkle
Mark R. Hinkle
Senior Director,Open Source SolutionsCitrix Systems Inc. Open Source Enthusiast
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Appendix(A.K.A Great Stuff I didn’t say)
Additional Resources• Devops Toolchains Group• Software Defined Networking: The New Norm for Networks (Whitepaper)• DevOps Wikipedia Page• NoSQL-Database.org – Ultimate Guide to the Non-Relational Universe• Open Cloud Initiative• NIST Cloud Computing Platform• Open Virtualization Format Specs• Clouderati Twitter Account• Planet DevOps• Nicira Whitepaper – It’s Time to Virtualize the Network• Why Open vSwitch FAQ
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Big Data LandscapeSource
: Big
Data
Gro
up.co
m
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Monitoring Tools
License Type of Monitoring Collection Methods
Cacti / RRDTool GPL Performance SNMP, syslog
Graphite Apache 2.0 Performance Agent
Nagios GPL Availability SNMP,TCP, ICMP, IPMI, syslog
Zabbix GPL Availability/ Performance and more
SNMP, TCP/ICMP, IPMI, Synthetic Transactions
Zenoss GPL Availability, Performance, Event Management
SNMP, ICMP, SSH, syslog, WMI
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ProvisioningProject Installation Targets
Apache Provisionr(incubating)
Can provision 10s to 1000s of machines on various clouds.
Cobbler Distributed virtual infrastructure using koan (kickstart of a network to PXE boot VMs) for Red Hat, OpenSUSE Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu VMs
Crowbar (Bare metal provisioning)
JuJu Public Clouds - Amazon Web Services HP Cloud, Private OpenStack clouds, Bare Metal via MAAS.
Salt Cloud Tool to provision “salted” VMs that can then be updated by a central server via ZeroMQ
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Configuration Management Tools
Project Year Started Language License Client/Server
Cfengine 1993 C Apache Yes
Chef 2009 Ruby Apache Chef Solo – No Chef Server - Yes
Puppet 2004 Ruby GPL Yes & standalone
Salt 2011 Python Apache yes
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Automation/Orchestration ToolsProject Description
Ansible Ansible's SSH-key based access allows contributors to the Fedora Project to assist in automating infrastructure while having access limited appropriately.
Capistrano Utility and framework for executing commands in parallel on multiple remote machines, via SSH. It uses a simple DSL that allows you to define tasks, which may be applied to machines in certain roles
RunDeck Rundeck is an open-source process automation and command orchestration tool with a web console.
Func Func provides a two-way authenticated system for generically executing tasks, integrations with puppet and cobbler.
MCollective The Marionette Collective AKA MCollective is a framework to build server orchestration or parallel job execution systems.
Salt Execute arbitrary shell commands or choose from dozens of pre-built modules of common (or complex) commands.
Scalr Provide scaling across multiple cloud computing platforms, integrates with Chef.
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NetFlix Open Source ToolBag for AWS
ASGARD ASTYANAX EDDA
EUREKA PRIAM SIMIAN ARMY
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