osha excavations
TRANSCRIPT
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OSHA 2226
2002 (Revised)
Excavations
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U.S. Department of LaborElaine L. Chao, Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationJohn L. Henshaw, Assistant Secretary
OSHA 22262002 (Revised)
Excavations
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Contents
Introduction ..............................................................1
What is the difference betweenan excavation and a trench? ......................................... 1
What are the dangers of trenching
and excavation operations? .......................................... 1
OSHAs Excavation and Trenching Standard ............. 2
What does the OSHA standard cover,and what protections does it offer? .............................. 2
What kinds of excavationsand trenches are not covered? ..................................... 2
Preplanning ............................................................. 4
Why is it important topreplan the excavation work? ....................................... 4
What safety factors should you considerwhen bidding on a job? ................................................ 4
How can you avoid hitting undergroundutility lines and pipes during excavation work? .............. 5
What should you tell workersbefore they start the project? ....................................... 6
Protective Systems .................................................. 7
How can you prevent cave-ins? .................................... 7
How do you choose the mostappropriate protective system design? ......................... 7
What other safety precautionsare you required to take? ........................................... 10
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How do you safely install andremove protective systems? ....................................... 10
How should you maintain materials andequipment used for protective systems? ..................... 11
Additional Hazards and Protections ........................ 12
What other excavation hazards do
you need to protect workers against? ......................... 12What is the effect of wateraccumulation on excavation safety? ............................. 13
How can you protect workers againsthazardous atmospheres inside excavations? ................ 13
What means of access andegress are you required to provide? ........................... 14
What protective equipment areemployees in pier holes and confinedfooting excavations required to use? ........................... 14
When should you conduct a site inspection? ................ 15
OSHA Assistance, Services, and Programs ............. 16
How can OSHA help me? ......................................... 16
How does safety and health program managementassistance help employers and employees? ................ 16
What are state plans? ............................................... 17
How can consultationassistance help employers? ........................................ 17
Who can get consultationassistance and what does it cost? ............................... 18
Can OSHA assure privacy to an employerwho asks for consultation assistance? ......................... 18
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Can an employer be cited for violationsafter receiving consultation assistance? ....................... 19
Does OSHA provide any incentivesfor seeking consultation assistance? ............................ 19
What are the Voluntary ProtectionPrograms (VPP)? ..................................................... 19
How do the VPP work? ............................................. 20How do VPP help employers and employees? ............ 20
How does OSHA monitor VPP sites? ......................... 21
Can OSHA inspect an employerwho is participating in the VPP? ................................. 21
How can a partnership with OSHA
improve worker safety and health? ............................. 22
What is OSHAs StrategicPartnership Program (OSPP)? .................................. 22
What do OSPPs do? ................................................ 22
What are the different kinds of OSPPs? .................... 23
What are the benefits ofparticipation in the OSPP? ........................................ 23
Does OSHA have occupational safety andhealth training for employers and employees? ............. 24
Does OSHA give money to organizationsfor training and education? ........................................ 25
Does OSHA have otherassistance materials available? ................................... 26
What do I do in case of any emergencyor if I need to file a complaint? ................................... 26
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OSHA Regional and Area Offices ........................... 27OSHA-Approved Safetyand Health Plans ................................................... 31
OSHA Onsite Consultation Offices ......................... 35
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IntroductionExcavation and trenching are among the most hazardous
construction operations. The Occupational Safety andHealth Administrations (OSHA) Excavation and Trenchingstandard, Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulation(CFR),Part 1926.650, covers requirements for excavation andtrenching operations. This booklet highlights key elements
of the standard, shows ways to protect employees againstcave-ins, and describes safe work practices for employees.
What is the difference betweenan excavation and a trench?
OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity,
trench, or depression in the earths surface formed by earthremoval. This can include excavations for anything fromcellars to highways. A trench is defined as a narrowunderground excavation that is deeper than it is wide,and no wider than 15 feet (4.5 meters).
What are the dangers of trenching
and excavation operations?
Trenching and excavation work presents serious hazards toall workers involved. Cave-ins pose the greatest risk and aremuch more likely than other excavation-related accidents toresult in worker fatalities. Other potential hazards includefalls, falling loads, hazardous atmospheres, and incidentsinvolving mobile equipment.
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OSHAs Excavationand Trenching Standard
What does the OSHA standard cover,and what protections does it offer?
The rule applies to all open excavations made in theearths surface, including trenches. Strict compliance withall sections of the standard will prevent or greatly reduce therisk of cave-ins as well as other excavation-related accidents.
What kinds of excavationsand trenches are not covered?
The standard does not apply to house foundation/basement excavations, including those that become trenchesby definition when constructing formwork, foundations, orwalls. For this exemption to apply, all the following conditionsmust exist:
The excavation is less than 7-1/2 feet (2.5 meters)deep or is benched for at least 2 feet (.61 meters)
horizontally for every 5 feet (1.52 meters) or less ofvertical height;
The bottom of the excavation, from the excavation faceto the formwork or wall, is at least 2 feet (.61 meters)wide, and wider if possible;
No water, surface tension cracks, or other environmentalconditions reduce the excavations stability;
No heavy equipment is vibrating the excavation whileemployees are in it;
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Soil, equipment, and material surcharge loads areno closer to the top edge of the excavation than theexcavation is deep. When you use front-end loadersto dig the excavations, place the soil surcharge load asfar back from the edge of the excavation as possible,but never closer than 2 feet (.61 meters);
The fewest crew members possible are performingthe work; and
Workers spend the minimum time possible in theexcavation.
This exemption does not apply to utility excavations ortrenches, which are covered by29 CFR1926.652.
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Preplanning
Why is it important topreplan the excavation work?
No matter how many trenching, shoring, and backfillingjobs you have done in the past, it is important to approach
each new job with the utmost care and preparation. Manyon-the-job accidents result directly from inadequate initialplanning. Waiting until after the work has started to correctmistakes in shoring or sloping slows down the operation,adds to the cost, and increases the possibility of a cave-inor other excavation failure.
What safety factors should you considerwhen bidding on a job?
Before preparing a bid, you will want to know as much aspossible about the jobsite and the materials you will need tohave on hand to perform the work safely and in compliancewith OSHA standards. A safety checklist may prove helpfulwhen you consider specific site conditions such as the
following:
Traffic,
Proximity and physical conditions of nearby structures,
Soil,
Surface and ground water,
Location of the water table,
Overhead and underground utilities, and
Weather.
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You can determine these and other conditions throughjobsite studies, observations, test borings for soil type orconditions, and consultations with local officials and utilitycompanies. This information will help you determine theamount, kind, and cost of safety equipment you will needto perform the work in the safest manner possible.
How can you avoid hitting undergroundutility lines and pipes during excavation work?
Before starting work, the OSHA standard requires youto do the following:
Determine the approximate location of utilityinstallationssewer, telephone, fuel, electric, andwater lines; or any other underground installations;
Contact the utility companies or owners involved toinform them of the proposed work within establishedor customary local response times; and
Ask the utility companies or owners to find the exactlocation of underground installations. If they cannotrespond within 24 hours (unless the period required by
state or local law is longer) or cannot find the exact locationof the utility installations, you may proceed with caution.
If your excavation work exposes underground installations,OSHA regulations require you to protect, properly support,or remove them.
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What should you tell workersbefore they start the project?
When you share the details of your safety and healthprogram with employees, it is important to emphasize thecritical role you expect them to play in keeping the jobsitesafe. You may want to emphasize specific rules to helpreduce the risk of on-the-job injuries. These rules may
include requirements that workers
Remove or minimize all surface obstacles at theworksite that may create a hazard,
Wear warning vests or other reflective or high-visibilitygarments that you provide when they are exposed tovehicular traffic,
Wear or use prescribed protective gear and equipmentcorrectly,
Operate equipment only if they have been trainedproperly in its use and alerted to its potential hazards,and
Follow safe work practices.
It also is important to establish and maintain a safetyand health management system for the worksite thatprovides adequate systematic policies, procedures, andpractices to protect employees from, and allow them torecognize, job-related safety and health hazards. For moreinformation about establishing such a system, see page 18.
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Protective Systems
How can you prevent cave-ins?
OSHA requires that all excavations in which employeescould potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by
Sloping or benching the sides of the excavation, Supporting the sides of the excavation, or
Placing a shield between the side of the excavation andthe work area.
How do you choose the most
appropriate protective system design?Designing a protective system can be complex because you
must consider many factors: soil classification, depth of cut,water content of soil, changes due to weather and climate,or other operations in the vicinity. You are free to choose themost practical design approach for any particular circumstance.Once you have selected an approach, however, the system must
meet the required performance criteria.The OSHA standard describes methods and approaches
for designing protective systems such as the following:
Method 1 Slope the sides to an angle not steeperthan 1-1/2:1; for example, for every foot of depth, thetrench must be excavated back 1-1/2 feet. All simple slopeexcavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep should have
a maximum allowable slope of 1-1/2:1. These slopes mustbe excavated to form configurations similar to those for TypeC soil, as described in Appendix B of the standard. A slopeof this gradation or less is safe for any type of soil.
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20 Max.
1-1/2
1
Figure 1. Excavations Made in Type C Soil
Method 2 Use tabulated data such as tables and chartsapproved by a registered professional engineer to design theexcavation. These data must be in writing and must includeenough explanatory information, including the criteria for makinga selection and the limits on the use of the data,for the user
to make a selection. At least one copy of the data, includingthe identity of the registered professional engineer whoapproved it, must be kept at the worksite during constructionof the protective system. After the system is completed,thedata may be stored away from the jobsite, but a copy mustbe provided upon request to the Assistant Secretary of Laborfor OSHA.
Method 3 Use a trench box or shield designed or
approved by a registered professional engineer or basedon tabulated data prepared or approved by a registeredprofessional engineer. Timber, aluminum, or other suitablematerials may also be used. OSHA standards permit theuse of a trench shield (also known as a welders hut) if itprovides the same level of protection or more than theappropriate shoring system.
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Figure 2. Trench Shields
Employers can choose the most practical method for
the particular circumstance, but that system must meetthe required performance criteria. The standard does notrequire a protective system when an excavation is madeentirely in stable rock or is less than 5 feet (1.52 meters)deep, if a competent person has examined the ground andfound no indication of a potential cave-in.
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What other safety precautionsare you required to take?
The standard requires you to provide support systemssuch as shoring, bracing, or underpinning to ensure thatadjacent structures such as buildings, walls, sidewalks,or pavements remain stable. The standard also prohibitsexcavation below the base or footing of any foundation or
retaining wall unless You provide a support system such as underpinning,
The excavation is in stable rock, or
A registered professional engineer determines that thestructure is far enough away from the excavation andthat excavation will not pose a hazard to employees.
Excavations under sidewalks and pavements areprohibited unless you provide an appropriately designedsupport system or another effective means of support.
How do you safely install andremove protective systems?
The standard requires you to take the following steps toprotect employees when installing support systems:
Connect members of support systems securely,
Install support systems safely,
Avoid overloading members of support systems, and
Install other structural members to carry loads imposed
on the support system when you need to removeindividual members temporarily.
In addition, the standard permits excavation of 2 feet(.61 meters) or less below the bottom of the members of a
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support or shield system of a trench if the system is designedto resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench.In addition, there must be no indications, while the trench isopen, of a possible cave-in below the bottom of the supportsystem. Also, you must coordinate the installation of supportsystems closely with the excavation work.
As soon as work is completed, you are required to backfillthe excavation when you dismantle the protective system.After the excavation is cleared, remove the protective systemfrom the bottom up, taking care to release members slowly.
How should you maintain materials andequipment used for protective systems?
You are responsible for maintaining materials andequipment used for protective systems. Defective anddamaged materials and equipment can cause failure ofa protective system and other excavation hazards.
To avoid possible failure of a protective system, youmust ensure that
Materials and equipment are free from damage or
defects; Manufactured materials and equipment are used
and maintained consistent with the manufacturersrecommendations, so as to prevent employee exposureto hazards; and while in operation,
A competent person examines any damaged materialsand equipment. You must remove unsafe materials and
equipment from service until a registered professionalengineer evaluates and approves them for use.
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Additional Hazards and Protections
What other excavation hazards doyou need to protect workers against?
In addition to cave-ins and related hazards, workersinvolved in excavation work also are exposed to hazards
involving falls, falling loads, and mobile equipment. Toprotect employees from these hazards, OSHA requires youto take the following precautions:
Keep materials or equipment that might fall or roll intoan excavation at least 2 feet (.61 meters) from theedge of excavations, or use retaining devices, or both.
Provide warning systems such as mobile equipment,barricades, hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs toalert operators to the edge of an excavation. If possible,keep the grade away from the excavation.
Provide scaling to remove loose rock or soil, or installprotective barricades and other equivalent protection toprotect employees against falling rock, soil, or materials.
Prohibit employees from working on faces of sloped orbenched excavations at levels above other employeesunless you provide the employees at the lower levelsadequate protection from the hazard of falling, rolling,or sliding material or equipment.
Prohibit employees from standing or working underloads being handled by lifting or digging equipment.Require workers to stand away from vehicles being
loaded or unloaded to protect them from being struckby any spillage or falling materials. You may permitoperators to remain inside cabs of vehicles if theyprovide adequate protection from falling loads duringloading and unloading operations.
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What is the effect of wateraccumulation on excavation safety?
Among the additional hazards stemming fromwater in an excavation are undermining the sides andmaking it more difficult to get out of the excavation.The OSHA standard prohibits employees from workingwithout adequate protection in excavations where waterhas accumulated or is accumulating. If you use waterremoval equipment to control or prevent water accumulation,you must ensure that a competent person monitors theequipment and its operation to ensure proper use. OSHAstandards also require the use of diversion ditches, dikes,or other suitable means to prevent surface water fromentering an excavation and to provide adequate drainageof the adjacent area. In addition, a competent person mustinspect excavations subject to runoffs from heavy rains.
How can you protect workers againsthazardous atmospheres inside excavations?
A competent person must test any excavation deeperthan 4 feet (1.22 meters) or where an oxygen deficiency ora hazardousatmosphere is present or could reasonably beexpected, such as a landfill or where hazardous substancesare stored nearby, before an employee enters it. If there areany hazardous conditions, you must provide the employeecontrols such as proper respiratory protection or ventilation.In addition, you are responsible for regularly testing allcontrols used to reduce atmospheric contaminants toacceptable levels.
If unhealthful atmospheric conditions exist or develop in anexcavation, you must provide emergency rescue equipmentsuch as a breathing apparatus, safety harness and line,and basket stretcher and ensure that it is readily available.This equipment must be attended when in use.
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What means of access andegress are you required to provide?
OSHA requires you to provide safe access and egress toall excavations, including ladders, steps, ramps, or other safemeans of exit for employees working in trench excavations4 feet (1.22 meters) or deeper. These devices must belocatedin the excavation within 25 feet (7.62 meters) of
all workers.
Any structural ramps you use in your operation mustbe designed by a competent person if they are used foremployee access or egress, or by a competent personqualified in structural design if they are used for vehicles.Also, structural members used for ramps or runways mustbe uniform in thickness and joined in a manner to prevent
tripping or displacement.
What protective equipment areemployees in pier holes and confinedfooting excavations required to use?
An employee who enters a bell-bottom pier hole or similar
deep and confined footing excavation must wear a harnesswith a lifeline. The lifeline must be attached securely to theharness and must be separate from any line used to handlematerials. Also, while the employee wearing the lifeline is inthe excavation, an observer must be on hand to ensure thatthe lifeline is working properly and maintain communicationwith the employee.
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When should you conduct a site inspection?The standard requires that a competent person inspect an
excavation and the areas around it daily for possible cave-ins,failures of protective systems and equipment, hazardousatmospheres, or other hazardous conditions. Inspectionsalso are required after natural events such as heavy rainsor manmade events such as blasting that may increase the
potential for hazards. If the inspector finds any unsafeconditions during an inspection, you must clear employeesfrom the hazardous area until you take safety precautions.
The standard also requires that a competent personinspect excavations and the adjacent areas daily for possiblecave-ins, failures of protective systems and equipment,hazardous atmospheres, and other hazardous conditions.If the competent person finds these conditions, all exposedemployees must leave the hazardous area until necessarysafety precautions are taken.
Larger and more complex operations should havea full-time safety official who makes recommendations toimprove implementation of the safety plan. In a smalleroperation, the safety official may be part-time and usuallywill be a supervisor.
Supervisors are the contractors representatives on thejob. Supervisors should conduct inspections, investigateaccidents, and anticipate hazards. They should ensure thatemployees receive on-the-job safety and health training.They also should review and strengthen overall safety andhealth precautions to guard against potential hazards, getthe necessary worker cooperation in safety matters, and
make frequent reports to the contractor.
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OSHA Assistance,Services, and Programs
How can OSHA help me?
OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety ofprograms, including assistance about safety and health
programs, state plans, workplace consultations, VoluntaryProtection Programs, strategic partnerships, training andeducation, and more.
How does safety and health programmanagement help employers and employees?
Effective management of worker safety and healthprotection is a decisive factor in reducing the extent andseverity of work-related injuries and illnesses and theirrelated costs. In fact, an effective safety and healthmanagement system forms the basis of good workerprotection and can save time and moneyabout $4 forevery dollar spentand increase productivity.
To assist employers and employees in developing effective
safety and health programs, OSHA published recommendedSafety and Health Program Management Guidelines(Federal Register54(18):39043916, January 26, 1989).These voluntary guidelines can be applied to all worksitescovered by OSHA.
The guidelines identify four general elements criticalto the development of a successful safety and health
management program: Management leadership and employee participation,
Worksite analysis,
Hazard prevention and control, and
Safety and health training.
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The guidelines recommend specific actions under each ofthese general elements to achieve an effective safety andhealth program. The Federal Registernotice is availableonline at www.osha.gov.
What are state plans?
State plans are OSHA-approved job safety and healthprograms operated by individual states or territories insteadof Federal OSHA. The Occupational Safety and HealthAct of 1970(OSH Act) encourages states to develop andoperate their own job safety and health plans and permitsstate enforcement of OSHA standards if the state has anapproved plan. Once OSHA approves a state plan, it funds50 percent of the programs operating costs. State plans
must provide standards and enforcement programs, aswell as voluntary compliance activities, that are at leastas effective as those of Federal OSHA.
There are 26 state plans: 23 cover both private andpublic (state and local government) employment, and3 (Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York) cover only thepublic sector. For more information on state plans, seethe listing at the end of this publication, or visit OSHAs
website at www.osha.gov.
How can consultationassistance help employers?
In addition to helping employers identify and correctspecific hazards, OSHAs consultation service provides free,
onsite assistance in developing and implementing effectiveworkplace safety and health management systems thatemphasize the prevention of worker injuries and illnesses.
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Comprehensive consultation assistance provided byOSHA includes a hazard survey of the worksite and anappraisal of all aspects of the employers existing safety andhealth management system. In addition, the service offersassistance to employers in developing and implementing aneffective safety and health management system. Employersalso may receive training and education services, as well aslimited assistance away from the worksite.
Who can get consultationassistance and what does it cost?
Consultation assistance is available to small employers(with fewer than 250 employees at a fixed site and no morethan 500 corporatewide) who want help in establishing and
maintaining a safe and healthful workplace.Funded largely by OSHA, the service is provided at
no cost to the employer. Primarily developed for smalleremployers with more hazardous operations, the consultationservice is delivered by state governments employingprofessional safety and health consultants. No penalties areproposed or citations issued for hazards identified by the
consultant. The employers only obligation is to correct allidentified serious hazards within the agreed-upon correctiontime frame.
Can OSHA assure privacy to an employerwho asks for consultation assistance?
OSHA provides consultation assistance to the employerwith the assurance that his or her name and firm and anyinformation about the workplace will not be routinelyreported to OSHA enforcement staff.
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Can an employer be cited for violationsafter receiving consultation assistance?
If an employer fails to eliminate or control a serious hazardwithin the agreed-upon time frame, the consultation projectmanager must refer the situation to the OSHA enforcementoffice for appropriate action.This is a rare occurrence, however,since employers request the service for the expressed purpose
ofidentifying and fixing hazards in their workplaces.
Does OSHA provide any incentivesfor seeking consultation assistance?
Yes. Under the consultation program, certain exemplaryemployers may request participation in OSHAs Safety
and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP).Eligibility for participation in SHARP includes, but isnot limited to, receiving a full-service, comprehensiveconsultation visit, correcting all identified hazards, anddeveloping an effective safety and health managementsystem.
Employers accepted into SHARP may receive an
exemption from programmed inspections (not complaint oraccident investigation inspections) for a period of 1 yearinitially, or 2 years upon renewal. For more informationconcerning consultation assistance, see the list of consultationoffices beginning on page 42, contact your regional or areaOSHA office, or visit OSHAs website at www.osha.gov.
What are the Voluntary Protection Programs?Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs) represent one
part of OSHAs effort to extend worker protection beyondthe minimum required by OSHA standards. VPPalong
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with onsite consultation services, full-service area offices,and OSHAs Strategic Partnership Program (OSPP)represents a cooperative approach which, when coupledwith an effective enforcement program, expands workerprotection to help meet the goals of the OSH Act.
How do the VPP work?
There are three levels of VPPs: Star, Merit, andDemonstration. All are designed to do the following:
Recognize employers who have successfully developedand implemented effective and comprehensive safetyand health management systems;
Encourage these employers to continuously improve
their safety and health management systems;
Motivate other employers to achieve excellent safetyand health results in the same outstanding way; and
Establish a relationship between employers, employees,and OSHA that is based on cooperation.
How do VPP help employers and employees?VPP participation can mean the following:
Fewer worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses;
Lost-workday case rates generally 50 percent belowindustry averages;
Lower workers compensation and other injury- andillness-related costs;
Improved employee motivation to work safely, leadingto a better quality of life at work;
Positive community recognition and interaction;
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Further improvement and revitalization of already-goodsafety and health programs; and a
Positive relationship with OSHA.
How does OSHA monitor VPP sites?
OSHA reviews an employers VPP application and
conducts a VPP Onsite Evaluation to verify that the safetyand health management systems described are operatingeffectively at the site. OSHA conducts onsite evaluations on aregular basis, annually for participants at the Demonstrationlevel, every 18 months for Merit, and every 3 to 5 years forStar. Each February, all participants must send a copy oftheir most recent annual evaluation to their OSHA regionaloffice. This evaluation must include the worksites record of
injuries and illnesses for the past year.
Can OSHA inspect an employerwho is participating in the VPP?
Sites participating in VPP are not scheduled for regular,programmed inspections. OSHA handles any employee
complaints, serious accidents, or significant chemical releasesthat may occur at VPP sites according to routine enforcementprocedures.
Additional information on VPP is available from OSHAnational, regional, and area offices, listed beginning onpage 31. Also, see Outreach on OSHAs website atwww.osha.gov.
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How can a partnership with OSHAimprove worker safety and health?
OSHA has learned firsthand that voluntary, cooperativepartnerships with employers, employees, and unions canbe a useful alternative to traditional enforcement and aneffective way to reduce worker deaths, injuries, and illnesses.This is especially true when a partnership leads to the
development and implementation of a comprehensiveworkplace safety and health management system.
What is OSHAs StrategicPartnership Program (OSPP)?
OSHA Strategic Partnerships are alliances among labor,
management, and government to foster improvements inworkplace safety and health. These partnerships arevoluntary, cooperative relationships between OSHA,employers, employee representatives, and others suchas trade unions, trade and professional associations,universities, and other government agencies. OSPPsare the newest of OSHAs cooperative programs.
What do OSPPs do?
These partnerships encourage, assist, and recognizethe efforts of the partners to eliminate serious workplacehazards and achieve a high level of worker safety and health.Whereas OSHAs Consultation Program and VPP entailone-on-one relationships between OSHA and individual
worksites, most strategic partnerships seek to have abroader impact by building cooperative relationships withgroups of employers and employees.
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What are the different kinds of OSPPs?There are two major types:
Comprehensive, which focus on establishingcomprehensive safety and health management systemsat partnering worksites; and
Limited, which help identify and eliminate hazardsassociated with worker deaths, injuries, and illnesses,or have goals other than establishing comprehensiveworksite safety and health programs.
OSHA is interested in creating new OSPPs at the national,regional, and local levels. OSHA also has found limitedpartnerships to be valuable. Limited partnerships might addressthe elimination or control of a specific industry hazard.
What are the benefits ofparticipation in the OSPP?
Like VPP, OSPP can mean the following:
Fewer worker fatalities, injuries, and illnesses;
Lower workers compensation and other injury- and
illness-related costs; Improved employee motivation to work safely, leading
to a better quality of life at work and enhancedproductivity;
Positive community recognition and interaction;
Development of or improvement in safety and health
management systems; and Positive interaction with OSHA.
For more information about this program, contact yournearest OSHA office or go to the agency website atwww.osha.gov.
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Does OSHA have occupational safety andhealth training for employers and employees?
The OSHA Training Institute in Des Plaines, IL, providesbasic and advanced training and education in safety andhealth for federal and state compliance officers, stateconsultants, other federal agency personnel, and private-sector employers, employees, and their representatives.
Institute courses cover diverse safety and health topicsincluding electrical hazards, machine guarding, personalprotective equipment, ventilation, and ergonomics. Thefacility includes classrooms, laboratories, a library, andan audiovisual unit. The laboratories contain variousdemonstrations and equipment, such as power presses,woodworking and welding shops, a complete industrial
ventilation unit, and a sound demonstration laboratory.More than 57 courses dealing with subjects such as safetyand health in the construction industry and methods ofcompliance with OSHA standards are available forpersonnel in the private sector.
In addition, OSHAs 73 area offices are full-servicecenters offering a variety of informational services such
as personnel for speaking engagements, publications,audiovisual aids on workplace hazards, and technical advice.
For more information on grants, training, and education,write: OSHA Training Institute, Office of Training andEducation, 1555 Times Drive, Des Plaines, IL 60018;call (847) 2974810; or see Outreachon OSHAswebsite at www.osha.gov.
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Does OSHA give money to organizationsfor training and education?
OSHA awards grants through its Susan Harwood TrainingGrant Program to nonprofit organizations to provide safetyand health training and education to employers and workersin the workplace. The grants focus on programs that willeducate workers and employers in small business (fewer
than 250 employees), training workers and employersabout new OSHA standards or about high-risk activitiesor hazards. Grants are awarded for 1 year and may berenewed for an additional 12 months depending on whetherthe grantee has performed satisfactorily.
OSHA expects each organization awarded a grant todevelop a training and/or education program that addresses
a safety and health topic named by OSHA, recruit workersand employers for the training, and conduct the training.Grantees are also expected to follow up with people whohave been trained to find out what changes were madeto reduce the hazards in their workplaces as a result ofthe training.
Each year OSHA has a national competition that is
announced in the Federal Registerand on the Internet atwww.osha-slc.gov/Training/sharwood/sharwood.html.If you do not have access to the Internet, you can contact theOSHA Office of Training and Education, 1555 Times Drive,Des Plaines, IL 60018, (847) 2974810, for moreinformation.
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Does OSHA have otherassistance materials available?
OSHA has a variety of materials and tools availableon its website at www.osha.gov. These include eTools,Expert Advisors, Electronic Compliance Assistance Tools(e-CATs), Technical Links, regulations, directives,publications, videos, and other information for employers
and employees. OSHAs software programs and complianceassistance tools walk you through challenging safety andhealth issues and common problems to find the best solutionsfor your workplace. OSHAs comprehensive publicationsprogram includes more than 100 titles to help youunderstand OSHA requirements and programs.
OSHAs CD-ROM includes standards, interpretations,
directives, and more and can be purchased on CD-ROMfrom the U.S.Government Printing Office. To order, write tothe Superintendent of Documents, U.S.Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402, or phone (202) 5121800.SpecifyOSHA Regulations, Documents and TechnicalInformation on CD-ROM (ORDT), GPO Order No.S/N729-013-00000-5.
What do I do in case of an emergencyor if I need to file a complaint?
To report an emergency, file a complaint, or seek OSHAadvice, assistance, or products, call (800) 321OSHA orcontact your nearest OSHA regional or area office listed atthe end of this publication. The teletypewriter (TTY) number
is (877) 8895627.You can also file a complaint online and obtain more
information on OSHA federal and state programs by visitingOSHAs website at www.osha.gov.
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OSHA Regional and Area Offices
OSHA Regional Offices
*These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approvedjob safety and health programs (Connecticut, New Jersey andNew York plans cover public employees only). States withapproved programs must have a standard that is identical to,or at least as effective as, the federal standard.
Region I(CT,* ME, MA, NH, RI, VT*)JFK Federal Building, Room E340Boston, MA 02203
(617) 5659860
Region II(NJ,* NY,* PR,* VI*)201 Varick Street, Room 670New York, NY 10014(212) 3372378
Region III(DE, DC, MD,* PA,* VA,* WV)
The Curtis Center170 S. Independence Mall WestSuite 740 WestPhiladelphia, PA 19106-3309(215) 8614900
Region IV(AL, FL, GA, KY,* MS,NC,* SC,* TN*)
SNAF61 Forsyth Street SWRoom 6T50Atlanta, GA 30303(404) 5622300
Region V(IL, IN,* MI,* MN,* OH, WI)230 South Dearborn Street,Room 3244
Chicago, IL 60604(312) 3532220
Region VI(AR, LA, NM,* OK, TX)525 Griffin Street, Room 602Dallas, TX 75202
(214) 7674731 or 4736 x224
Region VII(IA,* KS, MO, NE)City Center Square1100 Main Street, Suite 800Kansas City, MO 64105(816) 4265861
Region VIII(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT,* WY*)1999 Broadway, Suite 1690PO Box 46550Denver, CO 80202-5716(303) 8441600
Region IX(American Samoa, AZ,* CA,* HI,NV,* Northern Mariana Islands)
71 Stevenson Street, Room 420San Francisco, CA 94105(415) 9754310
Region X(AK,* ID, OR,* WA*)1111 Third Avenue, Suite 715Seattle, WA 98101-3212(206) 5535930
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OSHA Area OfficesAnchorage, AK(907) 2715152
Birmingham, AL(205) 7311534
Mobile, AL(334) 4416131
Little Rock, AR(501) 3246291 (5818)
Phoenix, AZ(602) 6402348
Sacramento, CA(916) 5667471
San Diego, CA
(619) 5575909
Denver, CO(303) 8445285
Englewood, CO(303) 8434500
Bridgeport, CT(203) 5795581
Hartford, CT(860) 2403152
Wilmington, DE(302) 5736518
Fort Lauderdale, FL(954) 4240242
Jacksonville, FL
(904) 2322895Tampa, FL(813) 6261177
Savannah, GA(912) 6524393
Smyrna, GA(770) 9848700
Tucker, GA(770) 4936644/6742/8419
Des Moines, IA(515) 2844794
Boise, ID(208) 3212960
Calumet City, IL(708) 8913800
Des Plaines, IL(847) 8034800
Fairview Heights, IL
(618) 6328612
North Aurora, IL(630) 8968700
Peoria, IL(309) 6717033
Indianapolis, IN(317) 2267290
Wichita, KS(316) 2696644
Frankfort, KY(502) 2277024
Baton Rouge, LA(225) 3890474 (0431)
Braintree, MA
(617) 5656924Methuen, MA(617) 5658110
Springfield, MA(413) 7850123
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Linthicum, MD(410) 8652055/2056
August, ME(207) 6228417
Bangor, ME(207) 9418177
Portland, ME(207) 7803178
Lansing, MI(517) 3270904
Minneapolis, MN(612) 6645460
Kansas City, MO(816) 4839531
St. Louis, MO
(314) 4254289
Jackson, MS(601) 9654606
Billings, MT(406) 2477494
Raleigh, NC(919) 8564770
Bismark, ND(701) 2504521
Omaha, NE(402) 2213182
Concord, NH(603) 2251629
Avenel, NJ
(732) 7503270Hasbrouck Heights, NJ(201) 2881700
Marlton, NJ(609) 7575181
Parsippany, NJ(973) 2631003
Albuquerque, NM(505) 2485302
Carson City, NV(775) 8856963
Albany, NY(518) 4644338
Bayside, NY(718) 2799060
Bowmansville, NY(716) 6843891
New York, NY(212) 4662482
North Syracuse, NY
(315) 4510808
Tarrytown, NY(914) 5247510
Westbury, NY(516) 3343344
Cincinnati, OH(513) 8414132
Cleveland, OH(216) 5223818
Columbus, OH(614) 4695582
Toledo, OH(419) 2597542
Oklahoma City, OK
(405) 2315351 (5389)Portland, OR(503) 3262251
Allentown, PA(610) 7760592
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Erie, PA(814) 8335758
Harrisburg, PA(717) 7823902
Philadelphia, PA(215) 5974955
Pittsburgh, PA(412) 3954903
WilkesBarre, PA(570) 8266538
Guaynabo, PR
(787) 2771560
Providence, RI(401) 5284669
Columbia, SC(803) 7655904
Nashville, TN(615) 7815423
Austin, TX(512) 9165783 (5788)
Corpus Christi, TX(512) 8883420
Dallas, TX(214) 3202400 (2558)
El Paso, TX(915) 5346251
Fort Worth, TX(817) 4282470 (4857647)
Houston, TX(281) 5912438 (2787)
Houston, TX(281) 2860583/0584 (5922)
Lubbock, TX(806) 4727681 (7685)
Salt Lake City, UT(801) 5306901
Norfolk, VA(757) 4413820
Bellevue, WA(206) 5537520
Appleton, WI
(920) 7344521
Eau Claire, WI(715) 8329019
Madison, WI(608) 2645388
Milwaukee, WI(414) 2973315
Charleston, WV(304) 3475937
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OSHA-ApprovedSafety and Health Plans
Alaska
Alaska Department of Laborand Workforce Development
Commissioner(907) 4652700FAX: (907) 4652784
Program Director(907) 2694904FAX: (907) 2694915
Arizona
Industrial Commissionof Arizona
Director, ICA(602) 5424411FAX: (602) 5421614
Program Director(602) 5425795FAX: (602) 5421614
California
California Department ofIndustrial Relations
Director(415) 7035050FAX: (415) 7035114
Chief(415) 7035100FAX: (415) 7035114
Manager, Cal/OSHAProgram Office(415) 7035177FAX: (415) 7035114
Connecticut
Connecticut Departmentof Labor
Commissioner(860) 5665123FAX: (860) 5661520
Conn-OSHA Director(860) 5664550FAX: (860) 5666916
Hawaii
Hawaii Department of Laborand Industrial Relations
Director(808) 5868844FAX: (808) 5869099
Administrator(808) 5869116FAX: (808) 5869104
Indiana
Indiana Department of Labor
Commissioner(317) 2322378FAX: (317) 2333790
Deputy Commissioner
(317) 2323325FAX: (317) 2333790
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IowaIowa Division of Labor
Commissioner(515) 2816432FAX: (515) 2814698
Administrator(515) 2813469FAX: (515) 2817995
Kentucky
Kentucky Labor CabinetSecretary (502) 5643070FAX: (502) 5645387
Federal\State Coordinator(502) 5643070 ext.240
FAX: (502) 5641682
Maryland
Maryland Division of Laborand Industry
Commissioner(410) 7672999FAX: (410) 7672300
Deputy Commissioner(410) 7672992FAX: (410) 7672003
Assistant Commissioner, MOSH(410) 7672215FAX: (410) 7672003
Michigan
Michigan Department ofConsumer and Industry Services
Director(517) 3221814FAX: (517) 3221775
MinnesotaMinnesota Department ofLabor and Industry
Commissioner(651) 2962342FAX: (651) 2825405
Assistant Commissioner(651) 2966529
FAX: (651) 2825293
Administrative Director,OSHA Management Team(651) 2825772FAX: (651) 2972527
Nevada
Nevada Division ofIndustrial Relations
Administrator(775) 6873032FAX: (775) 6876305
Chief Administrative Officer(702) 4869044FAX: (702) 9900358
[Las Vegas (702) 6875240]
New Jersey
New Jersey Department of Labor
Commissioner(609) 2922975FAX: (609) 6339271
Assistant Commissioner(609) 2922313FAX: (609) 2921314
Program Director, PEOSH(609) 2923923FAX: (609) 2924409
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New MexicoNew Mexico EnvironmentDepartment
Secretary(505) 8272850FAX: (505) 8272836
Chief(505) 8274230
FAX: (505) 8274422
New York
New York Department of Labor
Acting Commissioner(518) 4572741FAX: (518) 4576908
Division Director(518) 4573518FAX: (518) 4576908
North Carolina
North Carolina Departmentof Labor
Commissioner
(919) 8072900FAX: (919) 8072855
Deputy Commissioner,OSH Director(919) 8072861FAX: (919) 8072855
OSH Assistant Director(919) 8072863FAX: (919) 8072856
Oregon
Oregon Occupational Safetyand Health Division
Administrator(503) 3783272FAX: (503) 9477461
Deputy Administrator for Policy(503) 3783272FAX: (503) 9477461
Deputy Administratorfor Operations
(503) 3783272FAX: (503) 9477461
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Department ofLabor and Human Resources
Secretary(787) 7542119
FAX: (787) 7539550Assistant Secretary forOccupational Safety and Health(787) 7561100,1106 / 7542171FAX: (787) 7676051
Deputy Director forOccupational Safety and Health
(787) 7561100/1106,7542188FAX: (787) 7676051
South Carolina
South Carolina Department ofLabor, Licensing, and Regulation
Director(803) 8964300FAX: (803) 8964393
Program Director(803) 7349644FAX: (803) 7349772
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VirginiaVirginia Department of Laborand Industry
Commissioner(804) 7862377FAX: (804) 3716524
Director, Office of Legal Support(804) 7869873
FAX: (804) 7868418
Washington
Washington Department of Laborand Industries
Director(360) 9024200
FAX: (360) 9024202Assistant Director(360) 9025495FAX: (360) 9025529
Program Manager,FederalState Operations(360) 9025430FAX: (360) 9025529
Wyoming
Wyoming Department ofEmployment
Safety Administrator(307) 7777786FAX: (307) 7773646
TennesseeTennessee Department of Labor
Commissioner(615) 7412582FAX: (615) 7415078
Acting Program Director(615) 7412793FAX: (615) 7413325
Utah
Utah Labor Commission
Commissioner(801) 5306901FAX: (801) 5307906
Administrator
(801) 5306898FAX: (801) 5306390
Vermont
Vermont Department ofLabor and Industry
Commissioner(802) 8282288
FAX: (802) 8282748
Project Manager(802) 8282765FAX: (802) 8282195
Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands Departmentof Labor
Acting Commissioner(340) 7731990FAX: (340) 7731858
Program Director(340) 7721315FAX: (340) 7724323
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OSHA Onsite Consultation Offices
Alabama
(205) 3483033(205) 3483049 FAX
Alaska
(907) 2694957(907) 2694950 FAX
Arizona
(602) 5421695(602) 5421614FAX
Arkansas
(501) 6824522(501) 6824532 FAX
California
(415) 7035270(415) 7034596 FAX
Colorado(970) 4916151(970) 4917778 FAX
Connecticut
(860) 5664550(860) 5666916 FAX
Delaware(302) 7618219(302) 7616601 FAX
District of Columbia
(202) 5766339(202) 5767579 FAX
Florida
(813) 9749962
Georgia
(404) 8942643
(404) 8948275 FAX
Guam
011 (671) 4750136011 (671) 4772988 FAX
Hawaii
(808) 5869100(808) 5869099 FAX
Idaho
(208) 4263283(208) 4264411 FAX
Illinois
(312) 8142337(312) 8147238 FAX
Indiana
(317) 2322688(317) 2323790 FAX
Iowa
(515) 2817629(515) 2815522 FAX
Kansas
(785) 2967476(785) 2961775 FAX
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Kentucky(502) 5646895(502) 5646103 FAX
Louisiana
(225) 3429601(225) 3425158 FAX
Maine(207) 6246460(207) 6246449 FAX
Maryland
(410) 8804970(301) 4838332 FAX
Massachusetts(617) 7273982(617) 7274581 FAX
Michigan
(517) 3221809(517) 3221374 FAX
Minnesota
(612) 2972393(612) 2971953 FAX
Mississippi
(601) 9873981(601) 9873890 FAX
Missouri
(573) 7513403(573) 7513721 FAX
Montana
(406) 4446418(406) 4444140 FAX
Nebraska(402) 4714717(402) 4715039 FAX
Nevada
(702) 4869140(702) 9900362 FAX
New Hampshire(603) 2712024(603) 2712667 FAX
New Jersey
(609) 2923923(609) 2924409 FAX
New Mexico
(505) 8274230(505) 8274422 FAX
New York
(518) 4572238(518) 4573454 FAX
North Carolina
(919) 8072905(919) 8072902 FAX
North Dakota
(701) 3285188(701) 3285200 FAX
Ohio
(800) 2821425 or(614) 6442631(614) 6443133 FAX
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Oklahoma(405) 5281500(405) 5285751 FAX
Oregon
(503) 3783272(503) 3785729 FAX
Pennsylvania(724) 3572396(724) 3572385 FAX
Puerto Rico
(787) 7542171(787) 7676051 FAX
Rhode Island
(401) 2222438(401) 2222456 FAX
South Carolina
(803) 7349614(803) 7349741 FAX
South Dakota
(605) 6884101(605) 6886290 FAX
Tennessee
(615) 7417036(615) 5322997 FAX
Texas
(512) 8044640(512) 8044641 FAXOSHCON Request Line:(800) 6877080
Utah(801) 5306901(801) 5306992 FAX
Vermont
(802) 8282765(802) 8282195 FAX
Virginia(804) 7866359(804) 7868418 FAX
Virgin Islands
(340) 7721315(340) 7724323 FAX
Washington
(360) 9025638(360) 9025459 FAX
West Virginia
(304) 5587890(304) 5589711 FAX
Wisconsin (Health)
(608) 2668579(608) 2669383 FAX
Wisconsin (Safety)
(262) 5233040(800) 9470553
(262) 5233046 FAX
Wyoming
(307) 7777786(307) 7773646 FAX
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