MUNICIPAL INNOVATION LABDavid OsimoDirector – Open Evidence #citylabodessa 16/10/2013

Policy 2.0: theory and practice

TODAY’S TALK Theory of policy 2.0

What Why How

Practices of policy 2.0 Technologies Design Examples

WHAT

THE CHALLENGES OF GOVERNANCE Detect and understand problems before they become

unsolvable” Involve open intelligence in policy-making, and extract

“good ideas” from it From words to action: ensure implementation and actual

behavioural change Reduce time-to-impact evaluation

All this, dealing with a distributed governance model. The traditional division of “market” and “state” no longer fits a reality where public decision and action is effectively carried out by a plurality of actors.

A VISION: A THIRD WAY OF POLICY MAKING?

+ Emergent+ Open+ Peer2peer+ Unexpected

Direct Democracy

- Social media - Populism- Unstructured discussion- Loudest voice

+ Expert based decisions+ Robust+ Relevant

Technocracy

- Black box- Closed models- Reductionism

A VISION: A THIRD WAY OF POLICY MAKING?

+ Emergent+ Open+ Peer2peer+ Unexpected

Direct Democracy

- Social media - Populism- Unstructured discussion- Loudest voice

+ Expert based decisions+ Robust+ Relevant

Technocracy

- Black box- Closed models- Reductionism

Policy-making 2.0:Open and evidence based

COVERING THE FULL POLICY CYCLE: IT’S NOT ABOUT CROWDSOURCING DECISIONS

ANTICIPATING THE UNEXPECTED: BIG AND OPEN DATA

POLICY DESIGN: SMART CROWDSOURCING

POLICY OPTIONS SIMULATION

UrbanSIM case

TURNING POLICY IN IMPACT: APPS FOR BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE

SENSE MAKING IN EVALUATION THROUGH OPEN DATA

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WEB 2.0 IS ABOUT VALUES, NOT TECHNOLOGY

ValuesUser as producer, Collective

intelligence, Long tail, Perpetual beta, Extreme ease of use

Applications

Blog, Wiki, Podcast, RSS, Tagging, Social networks, Search engine,

MPOGames

Technologies

Ajax, XML, Open API, Microformats, REST, Flash/Flex, Peer-to-Peer

Source: Author’s elaboration based on Forrester

A NEW WAY TO DO PUBLIC INNOVATION

Innovation without permission

Fast development (week-end)

Perpetual beta Planning for emergence Government not only a

player but a platform

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CITIZEN/GOV COLLABORATION

DataServices

Gov Citizens

Gov Intrapreneurship Crowdsourcing

Citizens Open Data apps Self-help

WHAT IS DIFFERENT?

BEYOND ARTIFICIAL OPPOSITIONS

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Emergent, bottom-up

Planning,Top down

Kublai, Rewired State, The Hub, Social Innovation Camp, Appsfordemocracy, …. #CitylabOdessa

WHY

6 THINGS CITIZENS CAN OFFER Software development skills (OpenCamera) Specific technical knowledge (PeerToPatent) Experience of using public services (PatientOpinion) Trust of other citizens (ActiveMobs) Capillar coverage of the territory (Fixmystreet) “Many eyes” (openspending)

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REMINDER: CITIZENS AND EMPLOYEES DO IT ANYWAY

POLICY TOOLS RELEVANT FOR POLICY CHALLENGES

LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT THE DARK SIDE

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DESIGN FOR BART NOT FOR LISA!

Hat tip: Carter and Dance, Nytimes.com

NON-TECH BARRIERS Learning lessons from 20 years of technology adoption

in government: bottlenecks are cultural and organisational, not technological

Technology will not suddenly free policy-making from politicking, corruption, personal interests, short term thinking, low interest from citizens…

But it changes the power relationships, the incentives and the barriers to entry

SPAM, CONFLICTS AND TROLLING

High relevance Recommended for short term

Recommended for long term

Low relevance Typical gov initiative

Typical internet focus

Low conflict High conflict

HOW

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LESSONS LEARNT

“There are more smart people outside government than within it” (Bill Joy)

“A problem shared is a problem halved ...and a pressure group created” (Paul Hodgkin – PatientOpinion.com)

“it’s about pressure points, chinks in the armour where improvements might be possible, whether with the consent of government or not” (Tom Steinberg, Mysociety.org)

“many participants in the process dilute the effect of bad apples or unconstructive participants” (Beth Noveck, Peertopatent.org)

THE 7 STEPS TO SUCCESS!

THE GAMIFICATION OF POLICY MAKING Feedback + Friends + Fun

http://daeimplementation.eu/

IT’S NOT JUST “TWO-WAY” CONVERSATION Many-to-many drives participation and action

http://daa.ec.europa.eu/group/2/content

IT’S NOT ABOUT DIRECT DEMOCRACY It’s about letting good ideas emerge and bad ideas be

revealed

http://daa.ec.europa.eu/content/special/crowdsourcing

IT’S NOT ABOUT “TOTAL OPENNESS NOW”

A continuous trend: opening up earlier, and at more granular level

http://daa.ec.europa.eu/content/special/towards-european-strategy-web-entrepreneurs

IT’S NOT ABOUT “TOTAL CITIZENS” Not representative but insightful

A REALITY CHECK: EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF POLICY 2.0CRITERIA Number of participants Involvement of decision makers Actual usage of the output in policy-making Media impact Feedback by policy-makers Actual improvement of policy quality

FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS Do no harm Enable Experiment Manage expectations Track and evaluate

PRACTICE

TOOLS Sentiment analysis (sentiment viz) Commentable documents (commentneelie.eu) Ideastorms (uservoice) Crowdsourcing (challenge.gov) Visualisation (openspending) Mapping (ushahidi) Open data (FP7 recipients)

Delivery model: custom vs off the shelf, installed vs as a service; open source vs proprietary

DESIGN TOOLS Friend (using social networks and peer pressure) Feedback (seeing the impact of your action immediately):

daa.ec.europa.eu Competition (light but deep): challenge.gov Moderation (ex-post vs ex-ante): patientopinion Identity (anonimity?) : evasori.info Reputation : DAA “interesting” daa.ec.europa.eu Rules (transparency about what is accepted and what is not;

how will the outcome be used) : Italy Digital Agenda Reach-out to the community : sicamp.org

For both government and citizens!

CASES https://www.diigo.com/user/osimod/citylabodessa