Osteoporosis

Michele O’Brien

The Irish Osteoporosis Society Charity

MR school 7.2.13

What is Osteoporosis

• Osteoporosis is a Silent Disease

• It is the Commonest Bone Disease Worldwide

• Usually the First Sign is a Fracture of the Wrist, Spine or Hip

• A Fracture is a broken bone

Normal trabecular bone Osteoporotic trabecular boneD1202

Osteoporotic Bone & Normal Bone

Osteopenia

• This is the early stages of Osteoporosis

• Prevention of further bone loss is essential

• Research shows that most people break bones between moderate and marked Osteopenia

Osteoporosis Facts

• 1 in 5 Men over 50

• 1 in 2 women over 50

• It affects all age groups

• 300,000 Estimated to have Osteoporosis

• Approximately 15% diagnosed

Just Old Woman!

Only Signs & Symptoms

• A broken bone due to a trip and fall

• Sudden, severe episodes of upper, middle or low back pain

• Loss of Height due to Vertebral Fractures -Hump on upper back – pot belly

Typical posture

Why a hump develops

Statistics

• A Vertebral Fracture More than Doubles Risk of Another Fracture

• 50% of Irish women with vertebral fractures go undiagnosed

• 20% of men will get fractures

Statistics • 20% of people aged 60+ who fracture a Hip will

pass away due to Complications Within 6-12 months

• 50% aged 60+ who fracture a Hip are unable to wash, dress or walk across a room unaided

• Only 30% regain their independence

• 90% of hip fractures are due to osteoporosis

• Bone is removed and replaced all the time this process slows down as you get older

• What is 40%?

• 40% of bone that has to last you a lifetime is made between the ages of 8 and 21 years of age

Bone

Most common risk factors

• in Females = Oestrogen Deficiency

• In Males = Testosterone Deficiency

• Genetics: Family History 80% of bone

60+ Risk factors

Irregular periods - 1st period after age 15

loss of periods due: over training/poor diet/both and eating disorders

Genetics: 80% of bone genetic

Lack of calcium and vitamin D

Lack of weight bearing exercise

Who is at risk

• Hobbies are TV, Computer games, junk food and no exercise/physical activity

• Too Little Exercise = Not enough Bone is made

Wearing high heals Daily

• No heel strike

• 40% more stress on knees

• Corns and bunions

Risk Factors

• Eating disorders

• Many medications

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Many treatments for cancer

Risk Factors

• Intolerance to dairy products

• Inadequate Calcium and Vitamin D

• Smoking

• Excessive Alcohol

Smoking is so cool

•Breath, hair and clothes stink

•Your skin gets older much quicker

•At risk for strokes, heart attacks, Osteoporosis and cancer

Stress

• Psychological Stress – Activity to decrease stress

• Take study breaks

Gluten sensitivity

• Bloating of stomach after meals: White bread ..

• Loose stools, bad smell, floats, lighter colour

• Constipation

• Flatulence

• Mouth ulcers

• Extreme tiredness-after meal containing Gluten

• Stomach pain

Size Zero

• Trying to get to size zero can make a person irritable and moody, because they are starving

• Long term focusing on dieting can lead to a person developing an eating disorder –

• Exercise, super milk, vegetables, fruit, carbohydrates and water – 8 glasses a day

Anorexia

A person starves themselves of food

• They think they are fat, even though they are underweight

• Bone and your organs (heart or lungs etc) need food to work properly

• Like putting Petrol in a car

• Excessive Exercise and not enough food

Bulimia

A person makes themselves sick, to try to lose weight

• Research shows that people who do this, normally stay at normal body weight

• Teeth can rot from the acid and Ulcers can develop

• Excessive Exercise

Anorexia & bulimia

• Studies have been done on people who have eating disorders. Even though their ages went from 18 to 30, their bone age went from 41 to 82 years of age

• Growing Bone has a greater capacity to add new bone to skeleton than Mature bone

Calcium

• Calcium is essential for normal heart, nerves, muscle function and blood clotting

• Calcium best absorbed through Dairy

Calcium

• Fortified Milks

• Cheese

• Yogurts

• Milk shakes

• Ice cream

Vitamin D

• Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium, to help build strong bones and teeth.

• Helps to maintain muscle strength

• Helps to regulates cell growth and the immune system.

• In many countries the sun is the major source of vitamin D: 5-15 minutes than sun block/make up

Vitamin D

• Foods: Yogurts, egg yolks, oily fish, fortified milks

• Breakfast cereals, soya milk and rice milk may

also be fortified with vitamin D.

Low Vitamin D

• Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, breast, colon and prostate cancer, TB and mimics symptoms of fibromyalgia.

• A deficiency of Vitamin D can cause rickets in children

• Rickets is back in Ireland

Protect your bones

• A glass of fortified milk, a matchbox size of cheese and a yoghurt all contain between 250-300 mg of calcium.

• Combine the above with sixty minutes of weight bearing

• FYI:A litre of fortified milk can contain the daily amount of Vitamin D.

Not everyone likes sport

Good Intentions

• Moderate Exercise Protects Bone

• 30 Minutes or 3 sets of 10 Minutes, 6 sets of 5 minutes Weight Bearing Exercise Daily is Essential

• Too Little or Excessive Exercise Results in Bone Loss

What is Weigh bearing

• Dancing, running, tennis, walking, netball, basketball etc.

• Dancing is one of the best forms of weight bearing

• Non weight bearing: cycling or swimming. • Going up and down a flight once = 1 minute• The more variety of weight bearing exercise, the

better for your bones• Pick activities you like, so you will not get bored.

Diagnosis

• A DXA scan

• It Measure’s the Spine

and Hips

• Not heel scans

One hour a day

• 1 spoonful of mayo = 1600 steps• Handful of peanuts = 2300 steps

• 1 packet of crisps = 2600 steps• 1 can of coke = 2800 steps

• 1 bar of chocolate = 4000 steps• 1 jam doughnut = 4560 steps

• 1 large burger = 8460 steps

Junk food in moderation

• 2000 steps in a mile

• 10,000 steps a day minimum

Help us to prevent this

Grand parents

• Throw rugs are dangerous.

• Walkways free of clutter, especially stairway

• Bathrooms and steps are where most falls happen

• Wipe up drops of water

Prevention

• Calcium and Vitamin D for everybody

• Daily weight bearing exercise

• DXA scan if at risk

• Fall prevention and Osteoporosis go hand in hand for senior citizens

Bones

Use them or Lose them