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Nanocoatings Applied to Corrosion Protection at the Oil and GasIndustry Trends

A. Forero, D.A. Giacometti, M.S. Alencar, R.P. Silva, NanoBusiness Informação e Inovação; A. Labes,FMC Technologies

Copyright 2013, Offshore Technology Conference

This paper was prepared for presentation at the Offshore Technology Conference Brasil held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 29–31 October 2013.

This paper was selected for presentation by an OTC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not beenreviewed by the Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Offshore Technology Conference, itsofficers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Offshore Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission toreproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of OTC copyright.

Abstract

The innovative promises of nanotechnologies have fomented growing investments from governments, research centers andcompanies. As a multidisciplinary technology, nanotechnology developments are observed in many industries, such as:

chemical, automotive, pharmaceutical, aerospace and defense, electronics, energy and materials. Market researches project

that the global business based on nanotechnology products will reach US$ 3.3Tri in 2018. Nanotechnologies offer

opportunities in all levels of the value chain at the oil and gas industry, contributing with more efficient, less expensive and

more environmentally friendly technologies. Among these opportunities, are: improved data gathering, recognizing and

avoiding dry holes; enhanced materials that provide strength and endurance to increase performance and reliability in drilling,

tubular goods, and rotating parts; improved elastomers, enablers for high pressure high temperature drilling environments;

corrosion protection for surfaces, subsurface and facilities applications; lightweight materials; selective filtration and watermanagement; and enhanced oil recovery through the modification of reservoir properties. Nanotechnologies applied to

materials science may help to modify or manipulate the characteristics of materials at the molecular level, developing

materials with exclusive characteristics for critical applications. Among nanocoatings applications are antibiotic effects,thermal insulation, dirt repellent, corrosion resistance, mist absorbent and self cleaning. Nanocoating with self-healing

property is an example of an environmentally friendly application. The objective of this work is to prospect the available

nanotechnologies for corrosion protection for the oil and gas industry. The methodology is based on patents and scientific

papers evaluation, through bibliometric techniques to identify the players that are most representative of the market. 76

patents and 45 scientific papers have been identified. Additionally, data from companies widely recognized at the sector have

verified. As a result from this work, the authors expect to diffuse knowledge of solutions based on nanotechnologies for the

oil and gas sector, contributing to foster innovation at the industry.

Introduction

In global terms, in the last few decades, the field of nanotechnology has drawn more investment from the public sector thanany other single technology area, with figures of around US$8 billion in 2008 from public investment in research. It is alsoimportant to highlight that in the countries that top the rank of such investments, such as the United States, Europe and Japan,

private investments are higher than public investments [1]. In this context, the innovative characteristics offered by

nanotechnology have generated growing investments from governments, research centers and companies alike, encompassing

most fields of knowledge on a worldwide level.

The scenario for investments in nanotechnology is currently very diverse. By the beginning of the century, nanotechnologywas seen as an area of limitless opportunities for virtually all sectors. The biggest challenge then was to understand precisely

what nanotechnologies were and to try to map its applications. Nowadays there has been a shift from the technological

opportunities to the market opportunities. The National Nanotechnology Initiative from the United States government [2]

present a market forecast of around US$1.5 trillion in 2015, whereas European forecasts indicate a market of €1 trillion forthe “Euro zone” alone. The global market for nanotechnology-based products is expected to reach US$ 3.3 trillion in 2018 [3].

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Nanotechnology applications are not completely new in the oil and gas industry: nanoparticles have been successfully used in

drilling for the last 50 years. However, only recently the other key areas in the oil industry such as exploration, primary and

assisted production, monitoring, refining and distribution are considering nanotechnology as a possible solution for critical

issues related, for instance, to remote locations (such as ultra-deep waters), harsh conditions (high-temperature and high-

pressure formations), non-conventional reservoirs (heavy oils, tight gas, tar sands) [4].

Thus, the oil and gas industry has been using nanotechnology as a potential solution to different challenges. The use of

nanostructured materials has already shown major results with the significant improvement of some properties such as:antimicrobial, thermal insulation, water repellency, hardness, resistance to corrosion and incrustation, UV stability, self-

cleaning, mist absorption and improvements in some chemical and mechanical properties. In fact, innovation in technologies

for specialized surface coatings is currently growing, a growth that has been largely driven by the needs of leading industriessuch as the oil and gas industry.

In this context, intensive R&D activities as well as collaborative research projects are taking place, bringing together the

technological capacity of specialized R&D centers in the field of nanomaterials and the industrial research expertise fo

companies in the oil industry. The intense rhythm of advancements in this field has had a natural effect on the market level,

and the 2017 forecast for global revenues on coatings, namely anti-corrosive coatings, is a very positive one, including the

sectors of surface protection in oil pipelines, materials in harsh environments and drilling equipment [3].

Coating and Nanotechnology

Nanotechnologies applied to materials science may help to modify or manipulate the characteristics of materials at the

molecular level, developing materials with exclusive characteristics for critical applications. Significant studies are been

conducting toward the transition of smart/multifunctional polymer coatings from laboratory curiosities toward the

identification of commercial applications. Intelligent or smart coatings, which may combine the shielding aspect with sensor

or actuator functions, rely on their capabilities to respond to physical, chemical or mechanical stimuli by developing readable

signals. Nanomaterials are expected to be used not only as advanced functional materials, but also as an integral part of

complete smart structures composed of various elements including sensors, actuators and control devices [5].

Some of the key challenges in more advanced research areas are the understanding of corrosion protection mechanism

imparted by conducting polymers and the advancement of micro/nanocapsulation as a means to impart self healing [6].

Nevertheless, some innovative applications seem to be ready for commercialization in a very nearby future, such as a coating

using carbon nanotubes to conduct a current for evenly heating surface, which could be used on pipelines to reduce gas

hydrate formation or to de-ice the blades on wind turbines. Among nanocoatings applications are antibiotic effects, thermal

insulation, dirt repellent, corrosion resistance, mist absorbent and self cleaning. Nanocoating with self-healing property is an

example of an environmentally friendly application [7].

An innovative corrosion-resistant material solution could also be represented by nanometric thin films and composites with

nanostructured fillers. Apart from the economic aspect, which is not strongly favorable yet, corrosion-resistant materials are

surely the “just round the corner” nanotechnology-based applications, basically because of the combination of severalconditions: relatively low risk, high effectiveness and low complexity. Nano-coated, wear-resistant probes, made of tungsten

carbide or boron nitride, enhance the lifespan and efficiency of the drilling systems, thus inducing remarkable cost savings.

The same applies to the nano-layered corrosion inhibitors in pipes or tanks, which act through the creation of a permanent

molecular layer on the surface of metals, thus eliminating or hampering corrosion induced by HCl or H2S.

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Methodology

Domestic and international databases from the Oil and Gas industry that use advanced search engines have been used in order

to analyze nanotechnology developments in the field of coatings for the Oil and Gas industry. The first phase of the

investigation - called macro prospecting - consisted of a search for patents and scientific articles related to the topic, based on

text mining methods and software in association to the data bases and sources of information about patents, scientific articles

and market reports.

During the first phase, the search for patents was conducted by using a combination of set criteria and focusing on the

Derwent Class Code H01 classification [3] (Table 1). Thomson Scientific Corporation data bases were also used. The lattercontain data from over 6.500 scientific magazines, from Patents, and they also collect information and data from variousIntellectual Property Institutions – such as the Portuguese INPI – Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial, the EPO –

European Patent Office and the WIPO – World Intellectual Property Organization. Figure 1 presents the summary of thesearch strategies used during the first phase.

Table 1 – DerwentClassCode Classification of activities associated to the Oil & Gas industry.

Source:DerwentClassCode (2013)

CODE DESCRIPTION

H01

Obtaining crude oil and natural gas - including exploration, drilling, well completion,

production and treatment. General off-shore platform and drilling technology is included

together with the treatment of tar sands and oil shales

H02 Unit operations - including distillation, sorption and solvent extraction

H03

Transportation and storage - only large scale systems are included. Road tankers and retail

petrol station-type applications are excluded. Treatment of pollution from marine oil

tankers is included

H04Petroleum processing - including treating, cracking, reforming, gasoline preparation -

biosynthesis based on hydrocarbon feedstocks is included

H05 Refinery engineering

H06

Gaseous and liquid fuels – including pollution control. Chemical aspects of catalytic

exhaust systems for cars are included as well as liquid or gaseous fuels of non-petroleum

origin e.g. methanol or ethanol-based fuels. Combustion improvement additives for liquid

fuels are included

H07Lubricants and lubrication - this excludes self-lubricating surfaces e.g. PTFE coatedsurfaces and lubrication systems in general. The section includes lubricants of non-

petroleum origin e.g. silicone oils

H08Petroleum products, other than fuels and lubricants - this includes hydraulic fluids and

electrical oils even when of non-petroleum origin

H09

Fuel products not of petroleum origin - excluding coal handling, preparation or mining,

but including coking, briquetting, peat processing, synthesis gas production, coalgasification. Combustion improvement additives for coal, peat and other non-hydrocarbon

based fuels are included together with coal liquefaction and desulphurisation

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Figure 1. Flowchart of the information search strategies adopted during the macro prospecting phase.

The starting point of the macro prospecting phase was based on key concepts such as:

– Concrete, cement, steel, pipe, pipeline, surface casing, conductor casing, oil and gas.

– Corrosion, degradation, fouling crevice, pitting, biocorrosion, microbial induced corrosion, sulphate reducing bacteria

(SRB), stress corrosion cracking (SCC)

– Coating, covering, corrosion resistant layer, nanocoating, surface nanotechnology, nanostructured metal coating.

– Pozzolan, pozzolan concrete, silica, silica fume, metakaolin, geopolymerormicrosilica, nanocomposite, nano silica or

nanoSiO2, nanoFe2O3, carbon nanotubes.

– Sea, seawater, marine, offshore.

The primary results generated by the macro prospecting phase were analyzed and validated by experts on corrosion and

bibliometric analysis with experience in the fields of Oil & Gas and nanotechnology. Due to the low number of domestic

patents, the second micro prospecting phase was conducted based on data extraction from the Lattes Platform from CNPq

(National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and based on text mining of scientific articles from

Brazilian researchers.

Results and Discussion

Macro Prospecting Phase

During the first prospecting phase 550 documents were found for patents with nanotechnology applied to activities described

in the H01 Derwent Class Code Classification [8] (Figure 2). After the analysis and assessment from corrosion experts andafter bibliometric analysis, 177 documents (corresponding to 148 patent families) were considered as being of interest to the

present investigation because of their direct relevancy to the study of nanotechnology or because of their relevant, albeit

tangential, approaches. A more thorough analysis of the results obtained during the macro prospecting phase identified 76focused patents from the original set of 177 patents, taking into account their description, the use and the area of application

(Figure 3).

Patents

Thomson Scientific

Corporation

Derwent Innovation

Index

Thomson Scientific

Corporation

Web of Science

Portal Capes

Scopus Corrosion

Abstracs

Scientific Articles

Search strategy:

- Key words and

concepts

- International Patent

Classification (IPC)

- Relevant institutionsin the field

Search strategy:

- Terms on title/

abstract/key-words

- Limits by exclusion

of field of knowledge

Search strategy:

- Terms on title/

abstract/key-words

- Thesaurus terms

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Search strategy:

- Key words and

concepts

- International Patent

Classification (IPC)

- Relevant institutions

in the field

Search strategy:

- Keyword +

classification

- Keywords provided

by the expert

- Classification

adopted:

DerwentClassCode for

oil

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Figure 2. Number of patents identified with

nanotechnology applied to activities from DerwentClassCode H01 Classification. Source: NanoBusiness (2013).

With the purpose of identifying the different fields of application of the technologies described on the 177 selected patent

documents, the results were analyzed taking into account the classifications of each patent and the interpretation of theirmultiple contents, such as Novelty, Description, Use, Advantages and Claims. The analyzed patents were grouped according

to six different categories, according to the following considerations:

- Coatings with Pozzolanic materials: correspond to patent documents regarding coatings with improved resistance to

corrosion and containing pozzolanic materials, with set amounts of SiO2, Fe2O3 e and other metallic oxides; or materialscontaining artificial pozzolan activators, such as metakaolin or active silica.

- Coatings for the Oil and Gas Industry: correspond to patent documents regarding coatings specifically developed for this

industry, namely for oil pipelines and cement for oil wells, with properties and characteristics that show better response to the

specific conditions to which these components and materials are exposed.

- Geopolimeric cements: correspond to patent documents regarding special cements, with properties different from those ofthe Portland cement, namely higher resistance to corrosion.

- Nanocoatings: correspond to patent documents regarding nanocoatings or coatings that contain nanometric particles, such

as nanosilica, nanosilver or carbon nanotubes, for application in different industries such as construction, automotive and

aerospace.

- Nanocoatings for the Oil and Gas Industry: correspond to patent documents regarding nanocoatings or coatings containingnanometric particles and presenting properties and characteristics with better response to the specific conditions to which the

components are exposed in this industry, namely higher resistance to corrosion, to incrustation and to microbial agents.

- Other coatings steel/cement : correspond to patent documents regarding technologies for protection against corrosion orcorrosion inhibition, with applications not directly related to the investigated technologies.

In order to better understand the interest and the level of investments made on the development of these technologies, their

relative proportions were analyzed within the universe of the selected patents (Figure 4).

0 200 400 600 800 1000

H01

H02

H03

H04

H05

H06

H07

H08

H09

Macro prospection phase

76focused patents

177 patents of

interest

550 patentsidentified

Figure 3. Pre-selection phases for the results

from the macro-prospecting phase.

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Figure 4. Proportions of the different technologies and fields of application

Source: NanoBusiness (2013)

Regarding Coatings and Nanocoatings for the Oil and Gas Industry, it is important to highlight that these technologies take

into account different kinds of protection or inhibition of corrosion resulting from the harshness of the environments to which

materials used in this industry are exposed. The proportions of both identified areas (9% and 12%, respectively) are very

similar. This can be explained by the growing concern of the industry regarding the severe effects of corrosion in marine

environments.

In order to assess the evolution and the maturity level of each one of the different technologies and technological fields

identified listed and identified, Figure 5 shows the number of patents published per area for the period of time investigated in

this study.

Oil and gas Industry

coating

Pozzolanic materials coating

Geopolimeric cements

Nanocoatings

Oil and Gas Industry

nanocoatings

Other coatings steel /

cement

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Figure 5. Global Technological Evolution – Application Area


The area of Nanocoatings stands out the most, showing an intensely growing evolution ever since 2007, with a peak in publications in the last year, 2012. This indicates the current high level of interest in this area and in this technology, as well

as the level of R&D and the subsequent protection of the advancements achieved. Still in the area of Nanotechnology it is

possible to identify, after 2005, a more intense development of Nanocoatings specifically for the Oil and Gas industry.

It is important to notice that, although at the end of the last decade the field of Coatings for the Oil and Gas industry had a

higher number of publications, there has been a growing evolution, with more inventions protected starting from 2008.

It is interesting to study the nature of the patent applicants in the technological areas analyzed since this study may provideinformation regarding who leads the technological development, as can be seen on Figure 6.

Nanocoatings

Other coatings steel/cement

Oil & Gas Industry Coatings

Geopolimeric cements

Oil & Gas Industry Nanocoatings

Pozzolanic materials coatings

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Figure 6. Proportion of institutions applying for patents that lead the development of the technology


A significant part of the research done in these areas is conducted by companies (around 73% of the analyzed documents),

which shows that their maturity level is already translated into fully developed products, tested and available on theinternational market. A considerable percentage of private researchers and research institutions, such as Universities and

R&D institutions, are making an effort towards protection in these areas, particularly in the technological fields of

Nanocoatings and Nanocoatings for the Oil and Gas industry and the synthesis of Geopolimers.

Regarding Technological Leadership, the results characterize the analyzed technological areas in terms of applicants thathave published the highest number of documents during the period of time considered in the investigation, and they identify

the institutions that presented the highest technological impact or the highest degree of technological advancement and

evolution (table 2).

Companie Universities and R&D Centers Private inventors

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Table 2. Main institutions applying in the area during the macro prospecting phase

APPLICANTS NO. OF PATENTS

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES 12

W. R. GRACE & CO 11

INFRAMAT CORP 8

DENKI KAGAKU KOGYO KK 7

TAIHEIYO CEMENT CORP 6

CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP 6

SUB-ONE TECHNOLOGY INC 6

PETROBRAS PETROLEO BRASIL SA 4

OUTRAS 16

Micro Prospecting Phase

At the second phase of the technological micro prospecting, the initial scope of the investigation was broadened so as toinclude a general overview of the more recent research done in Brazil in the field of nanocoatings applied to corrosion. After

the validation of the information obtained during the micro prospecting phase, 43 patents were selected from the initial set of

76 identified as of interest. Among the 43 selected patents only one was deposited in Brazil, as shown on Figure 7. Taking

into account the low number of patents originating from Brazil and the difficulties found in the identification of potential

suppliers of nanotechnology-based solutions for coatings in Brazil, the second phase of micro prospecting was conducted

based on the data obtained from the Plataforma Lattes of the CNPq and on the text mining done in scientific articles by

Brazilian researchers.

From the combination of search criteria previously defined in the methodology, the first results presented 84 research groups

at 46 institutions totaling 895 researchers and 632 lines of research. At a later phase, results were refined and secondarysearches were made with more specific terms considered relevant to the purpose of the present investigation. 207 researchersfrom 32 institutions were selected for the analysis. Finally a more detailed analysis was made based on the total number of

scientific publications in relation to the total number of researchers per institution in order to assess whichinstitutions/researchers are more active in their respective fields of knowledge. A search for scientific articles from Brazilian

researchers was also conducted in order to identify more precisely works directly related to the topic of nanocoatings applied

to corrosion. From the latter analysis, 108 researchers from 30 institutions were contacted. From these, only 20 researchers

from 12 institutions showed interest in participating in this study, as indicated on Figure 8.

Figure 7. Pre-selection stages for patents from the micro prospecting phase results.

Micro prospecting phase - patents

1 patentdeposited in

Brazil

43 selectedpatents

76 focusedpatents

Micro prospecting phase -scientific articles

108 researcherscontacted20 researchers

interested

32 ins�tu�ons

207researchers

46 ins�tu�ons

895 researchers

Figure 8. Pre-selection stages for scientific articles

from the micro prospecting phase results.

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In reference to the patent research at this phase, Figure 9 presents the evolution of the number of patents per publication year

for the selected documents. It is possible to identify a growth trend, with slight oscillations, and a more intense activity of

development and protection of these technologies in the last five years.

The Technological Leadership indicator from the micro prospecting phase is shown on Table 3. Among the institutions that

present a higher technological impact or a higher degree of advancement and technological evolution for the period

investigated, Inframat Advanced Materials and Sub-One Technology stand out with, respectively, 8 and 6 patents deposited.

Figure 9 – Evolution of the number of patents per publication year.


Table 2. Main applicants in the field during the micro prospecting phase

APPLICANTS No. of Patents

INFRAMAT CORP 8

SUB-ONE TECHNOLOGY INC 6

CHINESE ACAD SCI INST METAL RES 3

CHEVRON USA INC 2

HARDIDE COATINGS LTD 2

Figure 10 shows the elements that characterize the technologies used by these companies in the development of their

solutions. As can be observed, silica- and titanium-based nanocoatings are more present, being used by four among the fivecompanies identified in the technological leadership indicators.

0

2

4

6

8

1999 2000 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

N o .

o f p a t e n t s

Publica�on year

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Figure 10. Distribution of the elements used in the companies that lead the development of nanocoatings.


Although the technological prospecting study aimed at identifying potential suppliers of nanotechnology-based solutions for

coatings located in Brazil, it was not possible to identify companies or research centers in Brazil that had products or

technology mature enough for the market and that simultaneously met the following requisites:

1. Existence of pilot tests, whether private or not, that can project the technical feasibility of the enterprise;

2. Do not need additional studies, except for optimization and natural developmental improvements, for their effective

implementation in the Oil & Gas industry.

It is important to mention that among the 43 patents analyzed in the technological micro prospecting study, only one patentwas deposited in Brazil.

In reference to scientific articles and researchers generating knowledge related to the investigated topic in Brazil, Figure 11

shows the geographical distribution of the research groups identified. Although there is a concentration in the South and

Southeast Regions, the Northeast Region also presents a significant number of research groups, especially the Universidade

Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG).

Al

3Al

1

Si

4

Si

3

Si

4

Si

2Cu

5

Cu

1

Co

5

Co

1

Ni

5Ni

1

Mo

5

Mo

1

Cr

5

Zr

5

Ce

5

Ti

6

Ti

3

Ti

2

Ti

2

Zn

1

Ag

1

Au

1

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

INFRAMAT CORP HARDIDE COATINGS LTD CHINESE ACAD SCI INST

METAL RES

SUB-ONE TECHNOLOGY INC CHEVRON USA INC

Au

Ag

Zn

Ti

Ce

Zr

Cr

Mo

Ni

Co

Cu

Si

Al

Mg

Ca

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Figure 11. Geographical distribution of the groups of applied research on nanotechnology in Brazil.Source: NanoBusiness (2013)

Figure 12 shows the distributions of the field of applied knowledge and under development in Brasil. As may be observed,

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering is the field of knowledge with the highest proportion in the creation of research

groups dedicated to the topics investigated, followed by Chemistry (11%), Physics (11%) and Mechanical Engineering

(11%).

Figure 12. Distribution of the areas of applied knowledge in nanotechnology in Brazil.Source: NanoBusiness (2013)

USP (4)

Unicamp (1)

UNESP (3)

CNEN (1)

Fei (1)

CEETEPS (1)

IPT (1)

ITA (3)

UFS (2)UFSCar (2)

UFABC (2)

PUC/PR (1)

UEPG (2)

UFPR (1)

UEL (1)

CEFET/MG (1)

UFMG (6)

UFOP (1)

UFSJ (1)

UFU (1)CBPF (2)

PUC/RJ (2)

UFRJ (4)

INPI (1)

UFF (1)

UFBA (1)EMBRAPA (1)

UnB (1)

UFCG (4)UFPB (1)

UFS (2)

1

2

3

4

+5

FURB (1)

UFSC (5)

UNESC (3)

UESC (1) IFRS (1)

PUC/RS (2)

UFPR (1)UCS (2)

UFPEL (1)

UFPE (1)

UPE (1)

UFPI (1)

Materials and

Metallurgical

Engineering

43%

Mechanical

Engineering

11%

Physics

11%

Chemistry

11%

Civil

Engineering

7%

Nuclear

Engineering

5%

Chemical

Engineering5%

ElectricalEngineering

4%

AerospaceEngineering

2%

Biophysics

1%

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Figure 13 presents the relationship between the number of researchers and the quantity of lines of research per academic

institution. The size of each color circle represents an indication of the amount of collaboration of the institution with the

industrial sector.

Figure 13. Relationship between researchers and lines of research that develop nanotechnology in Brazil.

Source: Nanobusiness (2013)

In spite of having fewer researchers, the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul stands out for the number of lines of

research and for its strong interaction with the industrial sector if compared to the other institutions. On the other hand, the

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina shows a large number of researchers and lines of research, besides having an active

collaboration with the industrial sector.

After the identification of the set of scientific articles dedicated to the topic of nanocoatings, text mining tools were applied

aiming at extracting information related to the existing research groups and to the kinds of nanocoatings studied, as well as

the particles (e.g.: Si, Ti, Cr, etc.) of interest. Figure 14 shows the research networks identified in Brazil per institutions andgrouped regarding nanocoatings according to: Nanoreservoirs, Nanostructured, Nanocomposites/Nanostructured and

Nanocomposites.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

4045

50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

L i n e s o f R e s e a r c h

Researchers

UFSCUFRGS

UFMG

UCS

PUC/RJ

PUC/RS

FURB

UFPR

USP

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Figure 14. Correlations between research institutions and the different kinds of nanocoatings.


Figure 15 shows the distribution of the research networks identified regarding the particles of interest. In general, although

nanoparticles based on Titanium (Ti) are comparatively more present in publications, it is possible to identify in Brazil a

relative diversity of lines of research regarding the application of particles in nanocoatings.

Figure 15. Network linking research institution and elements or particles applied to the nanocoatings sector.Source: NanoBusiness (2013)

NANOCOMPÓSITOS

NANORESERVATÓRIOS

NANOESTRUTURAS

NANOCOMPÓSITOS

NANOESTRUTURASNANOSTRUCTURES

NANOCOMPOSITES

NANORESERVOIRS

NANOSTRUCTURES

NANOCOMPOSITES

Zr Zr

Zn Zn

Ti Ti

Sn Sn

Si Si

Sb Sb

P P

Ni Ni

Nb Nb

N N

Mg Mg

La La

Fe Fe

Cu Cu

Cr Cr

Co Co

CNT CNT

Clay Clay

Cl Cl

Ce Ce

Ca Ca

C C

Ba Ba

B B

Al Al

Ag Ag

Author Affiliations

1 UNESP

1 UFRGS

Author Affiliations

1 USP

1 UFRGS

1 EADS Inn

1 UFPR

1 Universi

Author Affiliations

2 INPE

2 ABMM

1 UCS

1 UDESC

1 UFRGS

Author Affiliations

2 UNESP

1 UFSCar

1 UEMS

1 USP

Author Affiliations

2 USP

1 UFSCar

1 ABMM

Author Affiliations

1 UFSCar

Author Affiliations

1 CSN

1 UDESC

1 ABMM

Author Affiliations

1 IPEN

1 ABMM

Author Affiliations

1 UFSCar

Author Affiliations

1 ABMM

1 UCS

1 UFRGS

Author Affiliations

1 UFRGS

1 UFPR

Author Affiliations

2 UNESP

1 UFSCar

Author Affiliations

1 ABMM

1 UFSCar

1 UNESP

Author A ffiliations

1 UFSCar

Author Affiliations

1 IPEN

1 ABMM

Author Affiliations

1 UFSCar

Author Affiliations

1 INPE

Author Affiliations

3 UCS

1 ULBRA

Author A ffiliations

1 USP

1 UNESP

Author Affiliations

1 USP

1 UEMS

1 UNESP

Author Affiliations

1 UDESC

1 UFC

Author Affiliations

1 IPEN

1 ABMM

Author Affiliations

1 UCS

Author Affiliations

1 UFSCar

Author Affiliations

2 UNESP

1 UFSCar

1 EADS Inn

1 UFRGS

1 Universi

Author Affiliations

1 UNESP

1 UFPE

1 INPE

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Considering the use of different nanometric inputs on the composition of nanocoatings developed by Brazilian researchers,

Figure 16 displays the clusters of the main elements identified and presented in the scientific articles analyzed.

Figure 16. Cluster of elements or particles applied to nanocoatings developed by Brazilian researchers.

Fonte: NanoBusiness (2013)

CONCLUSIONS

The handling of materials on a nanometric scale has been drawing much interest due to its application potential in various

fields. In fact, nanotechnology has presented itself as one of the possible solutions that may help diminish or even solve many

of the problems related to the degradation of currently existing materials. Therefore, research and development of new and

competitive products that may be used by the international market is very important. Moreover, it is necessary to set forth a

system to identify sustainable materials with low environmental impact in order to promote the integration of nanotechnology

without harmful impacts in the future.

Although the applicability of nanomaterials is relatively well established in some areas, the potential practical use of different

nanostructured materials for the prevention of corrosion is still incipient and many challenges need to be overcome.

Although the study of technological prospecting aimed at identifying potential suppliers for nanotechnology-based solutions

for coatings located in Brazil, no companies or research centers were identified in the country that have products or

technologies mature enough for the market.

It was only in the last five years that advancements in the development of nanocoatings and its protection became more

intense. Thus, the low presence of Brazil in the micro prospecting study may be related to the recent character of these

technologies.

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A small number of Brazilian patents has been identified, and there are difficulties in identifying potential suppliers of

nanotechnology-based solutions for coatings in Brazil.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1].The Nanotechnology Opportunity Report. Third Edition.Cientifica, 2008.

[2]. The National Nanotechnology Initiative. Executive Office of ThePresident of The United States, Washington, D. C.,2008.

[3]. Estudo de Viabilidade de Nanorevestimentos Aplicados á Prevenção da Corrosão no Ambiente Pré-Sal.

RelatorioNanoBusiness (2013).

[4].CocuzzaMatteo, Pirri Candido, Rocca Vera And Verga Francesca. Current and Future Nanotech Applications in the Oil

Industry.American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (6): 784-793, 2012.[5] Corrosion Protection and Control using Nanomaterials. Edited by Viswanathan S. Saji and Ronald Cook.Woodhead

Publishing limited. 2012.[6]. Boura, S.H., M. Samadzadeh, M. Peikari and A. Ashrafi. Smart and multi-functional coatings based on Micro/Nano sized

additives and their implementation. Proceedings of the SPE International Conference on Oilfield Corrosion, Aberdeen,

United Kingdom, pp: 24-25. DOI: 10.2118/130972-MS. 2010

[7]. Rassenfoss, S. Nanotechnology for sale: The once theoretical becomes pratical. J. Petroleum Technol. 2011

[8].DWPI Classification System. Darwent Class Code.

http://www.cincel.cl/documentos/WebScience/Derwent_Class_Codes.pdf

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