FAS Military AffairsNetwork

Other Missiles

Grom-1 and Grom-2The Grom-1 and Grom-2 missiles are made for use against targets on the land and thewater, and are used in tactical and operational depth of enemy battle field, destroyingenemy hardpoints such as installations, bunkera, and mobile targets, such are tanks andartillery. The system consists of guided air-to-surface missile, airplane and groundeqipment.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length 3333 mm

Diameter 300 mm

Wingspan 802 mm

Weight 330 kg

Warhead 104 kg, explosive, fragmental and cummulative

Propulsion two motors, solid fuel

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 12 km

altitude 6000 m

Guidance mode Grom-1 radio guidedGrom-2 TV (improoved in 1996)

temperature of usage -40 degree C to +50 degree C.

Precision 50% of hit on 10m diameter

penetrationCumulative (anti-tank) penetration 1100 mm ofarmour steel,2500 mm of concrete guidance

Bumbar (Bumble Bee)The Bumbar (Bumble Bee) is a Yugoslav anti-tank missile, based on the Eryx missile,that features a highly manoeuvarble direct thrust vector control system located at themissile's center of gravity. With separate ejection and sustainer rocket motors, the firstenables soft launching and the second ensures high thrust and flight velocity with shortflight time up to maximum range. The CCD localizer and guidance computer within thefiring post provide an exellent antijaming protection, using the microcamle to guide themissile. The major parts of weapon are made of non-metalic materials, plastics or light-metal alloys so the weapon is lightweight.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length 0.9 m

Diameter 136 mm

Wingspan

Weight

mass of the missile round 12 kgmass of the missile 10 kgmass of the firing post 4 kgmass of the tripod 2 kg

Warhead anti-ERA, tandem warhed

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

effective range 60 to 600m

flight time up to maximum range less than 5 sec

Guidance mode

penetration behind ERA 1000mm of RHA

system reliability higher than 90%

Single-shot hitprobability more than 90%

Sky Bow I / Tien Kung ITien-Kung, a surface-to-air missile system designed for airdefense against intensive aircraft attack,equipped with a singlestage dual thrust solid propellant rocket motor and guided bymid-course inertial reference and radar in the terminal phase, iscapable of multi-target tracking and automatic multi-targetengagement. In 1993 Taiwan bought surface-to-air missile(SAM) system components from Raytheon of the USA, at a costof $1.1 billion. There were direct offsets - joint development andtechnology transfers. Taiwan is to develop and produce this TienKung (Sky Bow) SAM system, a derivative of the Patriot system.The missiles are deployed in underground cells, each housingfour missiles protected by a concrete wall a meter thick.Raytheon is to provide the missile forebody, ground supportequipment, training, maintenance and technical support. Patriotwas sold to Taiwan in 1993.

Taiwan's overall air defense architecture consists of three sets ofUS-made Patriot missile systems [200 Patriot missiles total] primarily intended tointercept guided missiles, deployed at three locations Nankang, Linkou and Wanli aroundheavily-populated Taipei. Six sets of Tien Kung I and Tien Kung II missile systems areresponsible for medium- and high-altitude targets. The 20 Hawk missile bases areresponsible for targets in the low- to medium- altitudes.

Taiwan has placed Tien Kung long- range ground-to-air missiles and "Hsiung Feng"long-range shore-to-ship missiles on the Jinmen and Matsu islands, only 10 km from themainland, bringing the whole of Fujian Province and some airspace and important portsin Zhejiang and Guangdong within range of the missiles.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

100km

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

Sky Bow II / Tien Kung IITaiwan's overall air defense architecture consists of three sets of Patriot missile systems,primarily intended to intercept guided missiles, along with six sets of Tien Kung I andTien Kung II missile systems responsible for medium- and high-altitude targets. TheT'IEN-KUNG II SAM is 9.1 meters long, has a diameter of 0.57 meters, weighs 1,100kilograms, and has a top speed of Mach 4.0, a maximum range of 100 kilometers, and awarhead weighing 90 kilograms. In the Fall of 1998 Taiwan successfully test fired a radarguided interceptor variant of it's Tien Kung missile. The anti-missile missile is reportedto have intercepted a target missile in southern Pingtung. The interceptor is designed foruse against the Chinese M type missile, they have also ordered 200 PAC2 an upgradedversion of the Patriot missile system.In mid-September 1998 Taiwan test fired a missile which successfully interceptedanother one in a further step forward in the island's efforts to build its own anti-missileweaponry. An updated verion of the locally designed Tien Kung II was launched from abase in the southern county of Pingtung and hit another fired from Chengkung,southeastern Taiwan. Unconfirmed reports said the military-funded Chungshan Instituteof Science and Technology tested an anti-tactical ballistic missile (ATBM) in July 1998which destroyed its target at a speed of Mach Four.It is said that Taiwan's future SSMs will be a modification of the T'IEN-KUNG II . If theT'IEN-KUNG II is used as the basis for the SSM modification, its estimated externalmeasurements would not be very greatly changed, but the weight of the warhead could beincreased to 150 kilograms and the maximum surface target range absolutely wouldexceed 300 kilometers and should be about 320 kilometers. Based on Taiwan's currentlevel of technology and equipment, the accuracy of Taiwan's guided missile should bewithin about a 1,000 meter circumference of the aiming point.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length 9.1 meters

Diameter 0.57 meters

Wingspan

Weight 1,100 kilograms

Warhead Weight 90 kilograms

Propulsion

Maximum Speed Mach 4.0

Maximum effectiverange

200km

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

Tien Chien-I / Sky Sword-ITien-Chien I, an infrared guided short range air-to-air missile, with all-aspect attack, fire& forget, high maneuvering, and precision guidance capabilities, can be carried byvarious types of fighters including the Ching-Kuo IDF to achieve air superiority. ThePLAAF currently has in its inventory a number of AAMs which are superior to those inTaiwan's inventory. The Russian-built AA-11/ARCHER infrared (IR) AAM carried onthe Su-27 is superior to Taiwan's AIM-9/SIDEWINDER and indigenously-produced TienChien-I/ Sky Sword-I IR AAM. China's AA-10a/ALAMO missiles, on the other hand,are roughly comparable to, or slightly less capable than, Taiwan's AIM-7/SPARROWs.

The CS/MPQ-78 is a mobile fire control radar, which can be incorporated with both gunand missile to execute low altitude air defense missions. The CS/MPQ-78 short-range airdefense fire control radar developed by the Chungshan Institute of Science andTechnology is composed of a search radar, a track radar and a photoelectric monitor. Thesearch and track radars cover both medium-altitude and low- altitude air space, with adistance precision accuracy of around 10 meters. Its fire control system, combined with35mm and 40mm rapid-fire guns and land-based Sky Sword I air defense missile, canoffer an adequate short-range air defense; and it has a multiple anti-jamming function.

Tien Chien-II / Sky Sword-IIThe recently developed Tien-Chien II, an air-to-air missile with midcourse inertialnavigation and terminal guidance, possesses multi-target engagement and ECCMcapabilities. The Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Second Institute isengaged in follow-up research and development projects, including preparatory researchand development of the Sky Sword II-A weapon system, concerning which no detailshave been made public, as well as development of naval and ground launch applicationsof Sky Sword missiles.

Hsiung-Feng IHsiung-Feng I is a self-developed ship-to-ship missile system. Its hit probability andreliability under any combat conditions are competitive with others in the world.

Hsiung-Feng IIFrom the experience and technology gained from the Hsiung-Feng I development project,and extended range Hsiung-Feng II missile was developed with anti-jamming seeker andan automatic engagement capability. This antiship guided missile is 4.6 meters long, hasa diameter of 0.34 meters, weighs 685 kilograms, and has a range of 80 kilometers, aspeed of Mach 0.65, and a warhead weighing 180 kilograms [some reports state that thewarhead weighs 225 kilograms]. Some reports claim that the top speed of the theHSIUNG-FENG II antiship guided missile is as high as Mach 0.85. But the similarUnited States HARPOON guided missile also has a speed of only Mach 0.75 andtheTOMAHAWK guided missile has a speed of Mach 0.72.

There are three versions to be launched from sea, air and ground on various platforms.The Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Second Institute is engaged infollow-up research and development projects, including preparatory research anddevelopment of the Hsiung Feng II-E weapon system, concerning which no details havebeen made public.

Taiwan's future SSM may be a cruise missile based on the current HSIUNG-FENG IIantiship guided missile. If the HSIUNG-FENG II antiship guided missile is used as abasis for remaking the SSM, then based on cruise missile characteristics the external formand weight of the modified SSM would be basically the same as the original antishipguided missile. The range could be increased to about 230 kilometers, but the speed stillwould be Mach 0.65. Because of the increased range, it would be necessary to increasethe amount of fuel. The weight of the warhead would be reduced to 150 or 100 kilogramsand the accuracy would be about 100 meters.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length 4.6 meters

Diameter 0.34 meters

Wingspan

Weight 685 kilograms

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 80 kilometers

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

Hsiung Feng IIIThe Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology Second Institute is engaged infollow-up research and development projects, including preparatory research anddevelopment of the Hsiung Feng III artillery rocket weapon system, concerning which nodetails have been made public.

Kung Feng 6Kung-Feng 6 MLRS(multi-launched rocket system) is a high-power,mobile, easy-to-operate artillery rocket system. With suppression,shock and lethal capabilities, it is aneffective weapon against anti-anti-landing.

Lei Ting-2000The Lei Ting-2000 multiple artillery rocket system, which made its debut during the 1997"Han Kuang" [Glory of the Han People] Exercise, is a new-generation multiple artilleryrocket system designed to attack invading enemy at sea. Its self-propelled launch vehiclehas magazine-fed launchers and fire control, positioning and direction-finding equipment,capable of rapidly determining the position of the launch vehicle and the firing direction.It can automatically train and elevate launch tubes and compute firing data. It has threetypes of rockets -- MK15, MK30 and MK45 -- with AP/AM dual-function clusterwarhead or steel-ball shrapnel high-explosive warhead. This rocket system can wipe outinvading enemy troops in area between ship's landings and beachheads within its firingrange.

Type-81 Tan-SAM SAM-1JThe Japanese Type 81 Tan-SAM is one of the latest additions to the Japan Self-DefenseForce's arsenal. It is a lightweight, portable system for use against low-to-medium leveltargets, and is intended to replace the aging HAWK system (both HAWK models also inthis catalog). Tan-SAM (TAN meaning "short," as in "short-range") uses an improved,much more compact tracking system than HAWK, has a range of approximately 10 km,and reaches speeds of Mach 2.4. The missile is only 2.7 meters long and 16 centimetersin diameter, putting it in the approximate size of Roland.

SpecificationsContractor Toshiba

Entered Service 1982

Total length 2.7m

Diameter 0.16m

Wingspan

Weight 100kg

Warhead Weight 9kg HE fragmentation

Propulsion solid

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 10 km

Guidance mode In Sight Lock-on + IR Homing

Single-shot hitprobability

Type 91 (SAM-2)Type 93 (SAM-3)The Type 91 (SAM-2) and Type 93 (SAM-3) are Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missiles.The Defense Agency made a requirement of using the Type-91 SAM missile as an air-to-air missile for the OH-X project. This required developing a launcher able to adapt tosuch changing environmental conditions ashelicopter mount vibration.

SpecificationsContractor Toshiba

Entered Service 1991 - Type 91 (SAM-2)1993 - Type 93 (SAM-3)

Total length 1.43 meters

Diameter 0.08 meters

Wingspan

Weight 11.5 kg

Warhead HE fragmentation

Propulsion solid

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 5 km

Guidance mode IR and visible imaging

Single-shot hitprobability

Chu-SAMThe New Medium Range Surface-to-Air MissileSystem (Chu-SAM), as the replacementof the Improved Hawk System, will provide overall air defense coverage over armyoperation areas to protect units and facilities. This missile will be precisely guided to thetarget by the combination of pre-programmed navigation, up-to-date command link, andactive radar homing. The Hawk has been used for more than 30 years with a successionof model changes. The new Chu-SAM is intended to feature a balance of suchinterconnected elements as a strong warhead to destroy aircraft, air-to-surface missiles[ASM], and cruise missiles, a launch system allowing its use anywhere, automation toreduce greatly the number of operators required, compact size made possible by highintegration technology and a good life-cycle cost. The major technologies will includejamming-resistant radar to play the role of multiple eyes with a single unit applying thespecial signal processing being implemented in the field of communications and aguidance method with which the missile tracks its target by emitting its own radiosignals. In addition, as one of the most important features, the new Chu-SAM shouldhave the capability to deal with over-the-horizon [OTH] firing, which is suitable forJapan's mountainous topography, instantaneously predicting the location of a target thathas disappeared behind a mountain based on topographic information and guiding themissile to the position where the target should be.

XAAM-4 Medium Range Air-to-AirMissileShort Range Ship-to-Air MissileJapan is also developing the XAAM-4 to succeed the Sparrow. The initial letter of theXAAM-4, "X," indicates that this model is under development and that this is the fourthAAM developed in Japan. The XAAM-4 is composed of the guidance control blockscontrolling target acquisition, guidance and flight, the warhead which destroys the target,the propulsion system for flying the missile, wings, etc. The transmitter used in theXAAM-4 is compact and has an extremely high performance thanks to the extensive useof Japan's own advanced semiconductor technology.

The XAAM-4 has a longer range than the Sparrow and uses a composite guidancesystem, with which it is initially guided according to the target data transmitted from thefiring aircraft but it later starts to emit radar waves itself to acquire and track the target.The firing aircraft carrying the XAAM-4 fires it from a long distance and can retreatbefore it hits the target to start the next action. This makes it possible to assure a highersurvival probability of the firing aircraft than the previous MRMs based on a semi-activeradar homing system.

As the XAAM-4 is based on an active radar homing system, the firing aircraft can fireseveral missiles independently to hit multiple targets acquired and tracked. This leads tosimultaneous measures against multiple targets. The use of advanced semiconductortechnology has made it possible to mount a signal processor with very complicated signalprocessing in the small space available in a missile. This has given the XAAM- 4 anexcellent ECCM capability which allows it to acquire and track the target even whensubject to enemy ECM.

By utilizing and extending the component technology of the New Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (XAAM-4) (which has an active radar homing seeker), the New Short RangeShip-to-Air Missile System seaborne missile system will cope simultaneously withmultiple targets including low altitude incoming threats and high speed diving threats toprotect naval vessels in the twenty-first century.

AAM-3The history of air-to-air missile [AAM] R&D in Japan started in 1955. The missiles arecalled the AAM-1, 2, and 3, the order in which they were developed. Japan hascompleted the development of the Type 90 AAM (AAM-3) with an improved turningperformance, infrared counter-counter measures (IRCCM) capability and off-boresightcapability. The AAM -3 is expected to replace the American Sidewinders, and the GSDFalready fields the AAM-3. At present, research into SRMs is continuing to improve theoff-boresight and IRCCM capabilities to deal with future threats.

XAAM-5 Short Range Air-to-Air MissileTo effectively deal with the future air threats in the early next century, the XAAM-5Short Range Air-to-Air Missile IR homing dog-fighting missile will give extended lock-on range, improved off bore-sight, and enhanced IRCCM capabilities.

Type 80 ASM-1The Japanese Type 80 ASM-1 Missile is designed primarily as an air-launched coastaldefense weapon. In practice it could be used against a variety of surface targets, includingships, truck convoys, light armored vehicles, buildings and bridges. With the addition ofa solid-fuel booster stage, this missile is also used as part of the ground-launched SSM-1system.

Based on the Type-80 Air-to-Ship Missile, various anti-ship systems including Type-88SSM (Surface-to-Ship Missile), Type-90 SSM (Ship-to-Ship Missile), Type-91 and 93ASMs (Air-to-Ship Missile) have been developed. These systems comprise the Japaneseanti-ship missile family and are deployed in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self DefenseForces.

SpecificationsContractor Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Entered Service 1980

Total length 4.0 m

Diameter 0.35 m

Wingspan 1.2 m

Weight 600 kg

Warhead 150kgHE semi-armor piercing

Propulsion solid

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 50 km

Guidance mode Inertial + active radar

Single-shot hitprobability

ASM-2 Type 93Based on the Type-80 Air-to-Ship Missile, various anti-ship systems including Type-88SSM (Surface-to-Ship Missile), Type-90 SSM (Ship-to-Ship Missile), Type-91 and 93ASMs (Air-to-Ship Missile) have been developed. These systems comprise the Japaneseanti-ship missile family and are deployed in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self DefenseForces. Compared to the previous Type-80 ASM-1 anti-shipping missile, the Type 93features a turbojet engine providing twice the range of the Type-80's solid rocket, andimproved accuracy through infrared imaging terminal homing system developed byFujitsu .

SpecificationsContractor Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Entered Service 1995

Total length 4.0 m

Diameter 0.35 m

Wingspan 1.2 m

Weight 530 kg

Warhead Weight

Propulsion Turbojet

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 100 km

Guidance mode Inertial + infrared imaging

Single-shot hitprobability

Type 88 SSMType 90 (SSM-1B)Based on the Type-80 Air-to-Ship Missile, various anti-ship systems including Type-88SSM (Surface-to-Ship Missile), Type-90 SSM (Ship-to-Ship Missile), Type-91 and 93ASMs (Air-to-Ship Missile) have been developed. These systems comprise the Japaneseanti-ship missile family and are deployed in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Self DefenseForces.

SpecificationsContractor Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Entered Service 1988 - Type 88 SSM1990 - Type 90 (SSM-1B)

Total length 5.1m

Diameter 0.35m

Wingspan

Weight 660 kg

Warhead Weight

Propulsion Turbojet

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

180 km - Type 88 SSM150 km - Type 90 (SSM-1B)

Guidance mode Inertial guidance + active radar homing

Deployment Type 88 SSM = 320(?), 48 TEL vehicles(?)Type 90 (SSM-1B) = About 40 as of 1994

Type-87 Chu-MAT anti-tank missileKawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. [KHI] has long been involved as a prime contractor inthe development and mass production of anti-tank missiles [MAT]. Three such weaponscontinue in production: the Type-64 MAT, the Type-79 anti- ship/anti-armor missile andthe Type-87 MAT. The Type-64, adopted over three decades ago, still remains as Self-Defense Forces equipment.

SpecificationsContractor Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Motors

Entered Service 1987

Total length 1.1m

Diameter 0.11m

Wingspan

Weight 12kg

Warhead Weight

Propulsion solid

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 2 km

Guidance mode Semiactive Laser homing

Single-shot hitprobability

Type-96 Multi-Purpose Missile SystemThe Type-96 Multi-Purpose Missile System is a fiber-optic guided missile system withinfrared image seeker against landing craft and tanks. The FY1996 national government'sbudget allocates equipment funds for a "multiple target guided missile system." Thereason that the term "multiple target" was used in the name was to show that the systemis to be able to handle targets other than tanks and ships. This is to be a revolutionary newsystem in which targets that are difficult for the operator to see directly, such as air-cushioned water craft, hovering helicopters, and structures located in difficult terrain willbe detected by an infrared sensor in the forward part of the missile and the informationrelayed by optical fibers to the screen of the guidance device, where the operator canmonitor things on the screen and make adjustments. (This is known as the optical fiberTVM infrared imaging guidance method).

Moreover, in order to enhance the concealibility of the launch device, this systemincorporates another special feature for the first time, a vertical firing mode. Compared toconventional anti- tank ordnance, this system will be rather large. The critical componentelements for development will be quite varied, including guidance firing weapons, opticalfiber reels, image transmission equipment, vertical launch devices and combat commandsystems for use at the company level, as well as the related software for these functions.This will be Japan's first missile system in which all digital control has been provided forthe guidance, command, and control functions.

Development of the this new heavy MAT commenced in FY1990. In August 1995, theGround Self-Defense Force [GSDF] completed its practical testing. During that interval,KHI as the manufacturer was responsible for testing and test support.

XATM-5 Light Anti-Tank Missile [MAT]As the replacement of the current 84mm recoilless rifle carried by infantry unit, theXATM-5 Light Anti-Tank Missile short range portable anti-tank missile is now underdevelopment and expected to have higher survivability and man-power savings.The "light MAT" is being tested as a successor to the 84mm recoil-less gun, and is to bean MAT. However, quite a few requirements are involved, including portability andoperability by a single soldier, improving on conventional anti-armor technology and useof "design-to-cost" technology. Research and testing has been ongoing since FY1993(phase 2), and was completed in late FY1996. What distinguishs this new weapon fromconventional MATs are its firing method (no guidance is required after firing), its shortreaction time (it fires immediately), its cover, and inherent firing capabilities (It can behidden and fired within a confined area, and there is little back draft after firing).Since the missile is intended to be carried by one person, it must be compact andlightweight. After emerging from the equipment, the rocket will ignite and become self-propelled. The heart of the missile is the infrared sensor. For the cooling the new systemswitched from conventional, and expensive, nitrogen gas to a new method that evenwithout cooling allows an image to form in a short period of time. The infrared sensorelement uses a silicon semiconductor manufacturing process.

Akash (Sky) surface-to-air missileAkash is a mobile area defense medium-range medium and high altitude surface-to-airmissile with a range of 27 to 30 kilometers. Akash has a multi-target handling capability,and employs a command guidance system with provision for terminal guidance. Poweredby a ram rocket propulsion and an air breathing engine, Akash can cut through electronicjamming with its electronic couter-counter measure equipment. It has a capacity to carry50 kg payload. The missile has a height ceiling of 18,000 meters and is capable ofdetecting and destroying aircraft flying at tree top height. The missile system’s firecontrol radar is a multi-target and multi-function phased array radar called 'Rajendra' witha range of about 60-km, working in tandem. The radar and the missile can track 64targets of which four can be engaged simultaneously. The BEL-developed "Rajendra"multi-functional radar system has been integrated with the system. The Akash selfpropelled launcher (ASPL) and Phased Array Radar have been been developed, though ithas yet to enter the production/induction phase. For training the men and officers inhandling Akash, scientists have developed simulator of the missile's seeker head in lookdown role and battery level radar under clutter and jamming environment.It is a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) undertakenby the Defence Rasearch Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1983. The system hasundergone a few tests earlier to gauge proposition parameters and predicted values. By1998 five flight trials had been conducted. India's IGMDP was launched in July 1983.Initially, it had a budget of around Rs 400 crore, but it has since been revised Rs 800crore. The major programs under the IGMDP are the development of missiles includingAgni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and the Nag. The Sagarika and the Surya have since beenadded to the IGMDP.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 27 to 30 kilometers

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

Astra air-to-air missileIndia is developing a medium-range air-to-air missile called Astra, with test flightsscheduled for late 1999. India would become the first of the developing countries todevelop such a state-of-the-art air-to-air missile. The missile will give IAF fighters anedge in an air battle, as the Pakistan Air Force does not have such a beyond-visual-range[BVR] missile with a “fire-and-forget” capability in its arsenal. India's Defence Researchand Development Organisation (DRDO) is developing this advanced beyond visual rangeair-to-air missile (BVRAAM) for the Mirage 2000, MIG-29, Sea Harrier, Su-30, and theLight Combat Aircraft [LCA].The missile will augment the IAF’s BVR arsenal, which includes the Matra Super 530D,the AA-10 Alamo-C and the AA-12 Adder. The Astra is intended to have performancecharacteristics similar to the AA-12 Adder. The Russian-made Adder has a range of 100km and files at four times the speed of sound. The AA-10 Alamo-C has the longest rangeof missiles in IAF service, with a range of 130 km.

Astra is said to be configured like a long Matra 530, narrower in front of the wings. Themissile would be capable of turning at a '40 G-plus rate' with an eventual operationalrange of over 100 km. Initially designed to use a locally-developed solid fuel propellant,DRDO is also looking at rocket/ramjet propulsion to provide greater range and anenhanced kinematic performance. The missile is 3.8 meters long and equipped with anactive radar-seeker. The Astra will use a mid course internal guidance system to tracktarget aircraft. The missile has an active radar seeker to find targets, and electroniccounter measure capabilities that allow the missile to jam radar signals from an enemysurface-to-air battery to ensure that the Astra is not tracked or shot down. Astra wouldhave a 15 kg warhead with a proximity fuse.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length 3.8 meters

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead 15 kg warhead with proximity fuse

Propulsion solid fuel or rocket/ramjet

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange over 100 km [eventually]

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

Nag (Cobra) anti-tank missileNag is a third- generation "fire and forget" anti-tank guided missile with a range of 4 to 6kilometers. Nag can be mounted on an infantry combat vehicle and helicopter launchedversion of Nag is also available. Nag is India's third generation anti-tank missile, havingan all weather capability. Capable of defeating modern armour, Nag uses Imaging Infra-Red (IIR) guidance having both day and night capability. As of 1998 18 flight trails hadbeen conducted, though it has yet to enter the production/induction phase.

Both Army and Air Force versions are being tested separately. For the Army, the missileswill be carried by specialist carrier vehicles equipped with a thermal imager for targetacquisition. It can carry tour missiles at a time. For the Air Force, a nose-mountedthermal imaging system has been developed for guiding the missile's trajectory. A twinlauncher for the Advanced Light Helicopter and a single launcher for Cheetah helicopterhave also been successfully developed.

India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was launched in July1983. Initially, it had a budget of around Rs 400 crore, but it has since been revised Rs800 crore. The major programs under the IGMDP are the development of missilesincluding Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and the Nag. The Sagarika and the Surya havesince been added to the IGMDP.

SpecificationsContractor

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion solid

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange 4 km

Guidance mode infra-red

Single-shot hitprobability

Trishul (Trident) anti-ship missileTrishul is intended to counter a low level attack with a very quick reaction time and hasan all weather capability. Trishul has a range of 9 km and is designed to counter a lowlevel attack with a very quick reaction time. It is all all-weather surface-to-air-missilewhich call, when employed with the fire Control Flycatcher radar, blow a hole in theenemy's plan. With a radar-altimeter in its warhead, Trishul can be used as an anti-seaskimmer missile. Trishul has been extensively tested by all three Services for targetacquisition, ground system and infra-red guidance system. The Trishul Combat Vehicle,the indigenous launcher system using a radar mounted on a tracked vehicle, has gone intoproduction. By 1998 it had undergone over two dozen developmental flight trials, and themissile was inducted into service in 1999. Trishul will be employed by Indian Army andAir Force against low flying aircraft. The Indian Navy will also use this weapon systemin anti-missile role against Exocet and Harpoon possessed by Pakistan.India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was launched in July1983. Initially, it had a budget of around Rs 400 crore, but it has since been revised Rs800 crore. The major programs under the IGMDP are the development of missilesincluding Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and the Nag. The Sagarika and the Surya havesince been added to the IGMDP.

QW-1Anza MK-IIThe earliest model of one-man air defense missiles developed by China was the"Hongying (Red Tassel)-5." Subsequently the "Qianwei (Advance Guard)-1" wasdeveloped in the early 1990s. The Qianwei-1 made its first public appearance at the 1994Farnborough International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in the United Kingdom.The Qianwei-1 caught the attention of foreign media and research institutions when itwas first introduced to the public because it was claimed to surpass the US Stinger inmaximum effective range, target seeker tracking capability, warhead power and otherindicators.

The Anza anti-aircraft missiles give Pakistan a response to India's superiority in modernaircraft -- India has a numerical superiority in modern fighter aircraft of more than 3 to 1over Pakistan. The Anza MK-1, Anza MK-2, and Anza MK-3 surface to air anti-aircraftmissiles have ranges of 4, 6 and 15 km, respectively. The missiles are manufactured bythe laboratory named after Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, the father of Pakistan's nuclearprogram.

The Anza MK-II is a portable shoulder-fired, IR homing air defence weapon systemsimilar to the US Stinger missiles. It has a maximum slant range of 5 kilometers, thoughin the future the maximum range will be increased to almost double. The Anza MK-II isan improved version of Anza MK-II, which was handed over to Pakistan Armed Forcesin January 1990. The Anza MK-II was inducted in Pakistan Army in September 1994,and has been locally produced in Pakistan since October 1994. The improved version is alightweight portable system incorporating a contact-fuse warhead. The main differencesfrom the earlier version are in its high speed (600 M/Sec), accuracy and sustainedvelocity, high maneuverability and all aspect engagement capability. It can be used totarget both fixed and rotary targets and the missile can be fired by a soldier either on hisfeet or knees. It can be launched in automatic mode as well as in manual mode. Themaximum altitude gained by Anza is 4000 meters, and it can carry 550 grams of warheadexplosive. Its reaction time is less than 3.5 seconds, while transition time from movementto ready for operation is less than 10 seconds. Its self-destruction time is between 14 to18 seconds. The launch motor to have a safe distance between the gunner and the missileafter it is released has a jettison/separation characteristics. The total length of the missilewith launch motor is 147-7 mm and its weighs 10.68 kg. The operating time of groundbattery is more than 50 seconds, and the operating temperature range is between minus40 centigrade to plus 55 centigrade.

ANZA MK-II Specifications

L Type 2-stage, low altitude

Length(missile, with boostermotor)

1.447 m

Weight 16.5 kg

(total launchassembly infiring condition)(missile at launch)

10.68 kg

Propulsionsolid fuel booster and solid fuel sustainer rocketmotor

Guidance cooled InSb passive infra-red homing seeker

WarheadHE fragmentation (containing 0.55 Kg HE) withcontact andgraze fuzing

Average missilecruise speed 600 m/s

Max missilemanoeuvring 16 g

Self destruction time 14-18 s

Max effective slantrange 5,000 m

Min effective slantrange 500 m

Max effective altitude 4000 m

Min effective altitude 30 m

Weapon reactiontime less than 3.5 s

Time from march toready

less than 10 sfor operation

Battery operationtime

more than 50 s

HJ-8Baktar ShikanThe PLA's second-generation anti-tank missile "Hongjian-8" [Red Arrow] was deployedin the late 1980s. This anti-tank missile has a long range and is accurate, dependable andpowerful. It can pierce through armors 80mm thick. The front armor of the gun tower ofTaiwan's best M60 tanks is only 110mm thick. The latest "Hongjian-8E" was finalizedfor production in the mid-1990. The "Hongjian-8E" has a range of four kilometers, andan estimated hit accuracy of over 90 percent. Since it is fitted with tandem warhead, itcan pierce through tanks with reactive armor, and has an armor-piercing depth of over100 millimeters. The "Hongjian-8E" can be carried by infantry soldiers or mounted onvarious types of vehicles and helicopters. The performance of the "Hongjian-8E" issimilar to the "TOW" anti-tank missiles of the US army, and is better than the Germanand French "Milan" anti-tank missile.

The main attack weapon of China's Z-11, Mi-17 and Gazelle helicopter gunships is theHongjian-8 anti-tank missile. China's first special helicopter gunship is a type of Gazelleanti-tank armed helicopter imported from France. Although its pylons can carry four tosix Hongjian-8 and other anti-tank missiles, they can also carry rockets, machine gunsand even cannons. The new WZ-9 helicopter gunship, the WZ-9 [export model code-named Z-9G] is a gunship converted from the French-designed Z-9 helicopter producedunder license in China. Its pylons can carry four Hongjian-8 anti-tank missiles. As earlyas in 1989, a Hongjian-8 anti-tank missile was successfully launched from the WZ-9helicopter.

In July 1997 Pakistan successfully tested two missile systems -- Anza and Baktar Shikan,which will add to its conventional military strength. Baktar Shikan is a second generationanti-tank guided missile weapon system which pursues the principle of optical aiming, IRtracking and automatically generated, remote controlled and wire transmitted guidancesignals. The system can quickly be dis-assembled into the following four sub-units, eachnot weighing more than 25 Kgs, thus making the system man-portable:

Encased missile IR Goniometer Guidance unit Tripod assembly

Aiming at the target through 12 magnifications sight of Goniometer, the firer presses thefiring trigger and keeps the cross hairs of the sight on the target. The rest is done by thesystem itself, which automatically guides the missile to fly along the line of sight until ithits the target and a powerful warhead enables its destruction.

Support Equipment :

First Echelon Instrument -- a special device for quickly judging theoperational state of Launching & Guidance System before firing. It iscarried manually in a canvas pack.

Second Echelon Instrument -- facilitates fault finding of the Launching &Guidance System up to component level for repairs. It can be carried in avehicle for use in the field.

Indoor Training Simulator -- provides inexpensive possibility of trainingthe firer without resorting to actual firing.

Specifications

Propulsion solid

Range 3000 meters

Hit probability 90%

PenetrationProbability 90%

Depth ofPenetration-static > 800 mm

Depth ofPenetration-dynamic 180 mm at 680 HRA

Rate of fire 2-3 Rds per minute

Mean flying speed 220 meters/seconds

Encased missile 1566 x 155 mm; 25 kg(length x diameter)

Main missile875 X 120 X 320 MM;(length x dia x 11.2 Kgwing-span)

IR Goniometer480 x 150 x 280 mm;(length x width x 12.5 kgheight)

Guidance unit665 x 368 x 350 mm;(length x width x 24 kgheight)

Tripod assembly327 x 368 x 994 mm;(length x width x 23 kgheight)

IR Goniometer

Wide IR fieldof view

±49 m Rad

Narrow IR fieldof view ±7 m Rad

Field of viewof sight 6°

Magnification ofsight

x12

Field of Fire

Elevation -7° ~ +13°

Traverse 360°

EnvironmentalCondition for Firing

Temperature -40 °C ~ +50 °CClimate -- All Weather

SAM-250Iranian President Rafsanjani announced on 11 October 1997 that Iran had test-launched amajor new surface-to-air missile system with a range of 250 kilometers. Although nofurther details have been forthcoming, the description of the missile was generally similarto the Russian SA-5, which is deployed in Iran. Various reports suggest that Iran hasacquired four HQ-23/2B (CSA-1) launchers and 45-48 missiles, along with 25 SA-6 and10-15 SA-5 launchers.

Barak/AdamsBARAK is a ground based, mobile or stationary air defense system armed with BARAKVertical Launch Missile, providing on unobstructed hemispherical coverage andprotection against all existing air threats: aircraft, helicopters, UAVs and stand-offmunitions of all types, including cruise missiles.

Proven anti- missile capability All weather, day and night operation Autonomous ornetted operation 12 ready to launch missiles Short reaction time

HIGH LETHALITY - Sophisticated warhead, fully integrated with advanced proximityfuse, ensures high kill probability of small targets.

ADVANCED RADAR TECHNOLOGY - Narrow beam KA frequency band, ECCMimmunity.

COMMAND & CONTROL - Instant response, automatic and fully computerized firingsequence.

VERTICAL LAUNCH - Operation in densely populated sites and combat areas, nosafety sector restrictions.

CLOS GUIDANCE - Precise intercept of high and low altitude, reduced RCS threatssuch as missiles and UAVs.

HIGHLY ENERGETIC MISSILE - large defended area and operation against highmaneuverability targets.

COST EFFICIENCY - Minimal personnel requirements, minimized system maintenance,highest reliability and operational availability.

Python-3PYTHON-3 is a third-generation short to medium range air-to-air missile adapted to theF-15, F-16, all types of Mirage, F-5, F-4 and Kfir C-2 and C-7 aircraft. The missileupgrades the capability of its carrier and gives it air superiority in modern air combatscenarios, such as:

Head-on interceptions Beam interceptions Dogfights involving high-g maneuvers Low-altitude interceptions of helicopters and light aircraft Self-defense air combat during penetration missions.

MAIN FEATURES

All-aspect capability, including head-on interception Effective against most evasive tactics Capable of intercepting low-signature and low-altitude threats 15 km maximum effective range at high altitude Active proximity fuze, based on lead bias navigation system Highly efficient warhead Versatile target acquisition modes, including slaving to advanced radar

system Reliability greater than 95% Full ILS, including combat doctrine manual, training and ground support

equipment

The Python 3, RAFA'EL's [Arms Development Authority] air-to-air missile, hasintercepted dozens of Syrian planes. The pilot can launch the missile only after steeringhis plane at the enemy plane at a 30-40 degree cone.

SpecificationsManafacturer RAFA'EL Armament Development Authority

Date Deployed Mid 1980's

Range 0.5 km to 15 km

Speed Mach 3.5

Propulsion One Rafael Armaments Development Authoritydouble-base solid propellant rocket motor

Guidance IR homing

Warhead 24.25 lb ( 11 kg )

Launch Weight 264.6 lb ( 120 kg )

Length 9 ft, 10.1 in ( 3.00 m )

Diameter 6.3 in ( 160 mm )

Fin Span 2 ft, 9.9 in ( 0.86 m )

Python-4The Python-4 fourth generation A/A missile, in operational use in the Israeli Air Force ,features a novel "no escape volume" performance with a unique aerodynamicconfiguration for superior agility. The state-of-the-art, high performance seekerincorporates an advanced IRCM & background rejection capabilities. The missileincludes a highly effective fragmentation warhead. Python 4 is a very nimble "fire andforget" missile with an improved maneuvering capability. It has an advanced hominghead with a lateral "squint" capability which allows it to receive signals from the line ofvision of the pilot who sees the enemy plane through a special (Elbit-developed) helmet.The missile receives these signals and hits the enemy plane without requiring the pilot tosteer his aircraft at the enemy plane. The Python 4 can be launched at a range of over 15km, its warhead is over 11 kg, and its electromagnetic proximity fuze is one of the best inthe world.

SpecificationsManufacturer Rafael Armament Development Authority

Date Deployed Mid 1980's

Range 0.5 km to 15 km

Speed Mach 3.5

Propulsion One Rafael Armaments Development Authoritydouble-base solid propellant rocket motor

Guidance IR homing

Warhead 24.25 lb ( 11 kg )

Launch Weight 264.6 lb ( 120 kg )

Length 9 ft, 10.1 in ( 3.00 m )

Diameter 6.3 in ( 160 mm )

Fin Span 2 ft, 9.9 in ( 0.86 m )

Alto / DerbyVariously known as Alto or Derby, this Israeli active radar-guided air-to-air missile(AAM) is a collaborative effort between Rafael, the state's armament developmentagency, and Israel Aircraft Industries MBT. Officially acknowledged in 1998, the projecthas been underway for at least a decade. This missile's design shares considerablecommonality with Python 4, though adding mid-body wings. This medium-rangeweapon, with a maximum effective engagement envelope of about 50 km, may havealready entered service with the Israeli Air Force. Israel is marketing a variant of themissile for export, with offers to the Philippines and India, while South Korea and Chinaalso be potential customers.

SpecificationsManafacturer RAFA'EL Armament Development Authority

Date Deployed

Range 50 km

Speed

Propulsion

Guidance active radar

Warhead

Launch Weight

Length 3.8 meters

Diameter 0.15 meters

Fin Span 0.5 meters

Gabriel IIIThe Israeli Gabriel III/AS is an advanced offshoot of the original Gabriel ship-to-shipmissile system. The original Gabriel was a small, canister fired sea skimmer, designed toattack enemy vessels at wavetop level, making its approach extremely hard to detect.This newer, air-launched version is larger, with a range of 37 miles, and carries a high-explosive warhead weighing 331 lbs. The guidance system of the Gabriel III/AS enablesit to fly so low that it must be pre-set according to the current size of the waves.

SpecificationsContractor Israeli Aircraft Industries

Entered Service 1982

Modifications Solid propellant rocket motorLiquid fuel turbojet motor

Total length 3.9 m

Diameter 0.34 m

Wingspan 1.1 m

Weight 600 kg

Warhead contact-, graze- and deceleration-fuzed high-explosive, 150 kg

Propulsion single stage solid propellant rocket motor or liquidfuel turbojet

Maximum Speed 840 km/h

Maximum effectiverange

Ceiling: 9100 mMaximum range (rocket motor): 40 kmMaximum range (turbojet motor): 60 km

Guidance mode I-band active radar

Single-shot hitprobability

SpikeThe Spike Anti Tank Missile, developed and produced by RAFAEL, represents a newgeneration in missile technology with a high rate precision and with modular adaptabilityto various platforms.

SpecificationsContractor RAFAEL

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

SAHVSAHV-3 is a high-velocity, command-guided, surface-to-air missile. It is an effectivecounter to helicopters, ship-to-ship missiles and high-speed aircraft attacking from verylow altitudes to over 24 000 ft.SAHV-IR is a high-velocity, infra-red homing, ground-to-air missile. It is an effectivecounter to all types of aircraft attacking from below 100 ft to well over 20 000 ft.

SpecificationsContractor Denel/Kentron

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

U-DarterU-Darter is a third-generation, all-aspect, short-range, infra-red guided, air-to-air missile,which is effective for all operational requirements of modern air combat involving highlymanoeuvrable aircraft.

SpecificationsContractor Denel/Kentron

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

MupsowMupsow is a multi-purpose, surgical-strike weapon, designed to neutralize enemy targetssuch as airfields, bunkers and command-and-control centres at stand-off ranges. Pinpointaccuracy is achieved through an advanced navigation and terminal guidance system.

SpecificationsContractor Denel/Kentron

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

MokopaMokopa is a heavy, long-range, anti-armour missile that utilizes a semi-active guidanceconcept. Its large-calibre tandem warhead is designed to destroy any foreseen armourthreat.

SpecificationsContractor Denel/Kentron

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability

ZT3The ZT3 family of heavy, long-range, anti-armour missiles operate on a command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) principle. Designed to operate with minimum logistics support, theyare ideal for severe and isolated battle conditions.

SpecificationsContractor Denel/Kentron

Entered Service

Total length

Diameter

Wingspan

Weight

Warhead Weight

Propulsion

Maximum Speed

Maximum effectiverange

Guidance mode

Single-shot hitprobability