otherwise open
Post on 21-Oct-2014
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DESCRIPTION
This presentation was delivered at the Open Ed 2009 conference in Vancouver, Canada.TRANSCRIPT
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Otherwise Open
Managing Incompatible Content within OER
Lila Bailey, Counsel for ccLearnOpenEd 2009, Vancouver BC
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OER for Everyone, Everywhere
BY-SA by www.lumaxart.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/lumaxart/2136951861/in/set-72157603545124242/
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Building a Global Learning Commons
• Our goal as a community is to build a global learning commons -- a large pool of OER that anyone in the world can access, share, modify and combine with other open resources.
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We promote openness
CC BY by Virtual Sugar Rush http://www.flickr.com/photos/virtualsugar/316200555/
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And interoperability
BY-SA by www.lumaxart.comhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/lumaxart/2137737248/in/set-72157603987562129/
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BUT
BY-NC by S. Myers http://www.flickr.com/photos/puppiesofpurgatory/3067934263/
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“All-Rights-Reserved”
• Unfortunately, many educational resources are made available only under “all-rights-reserved” copyright or under a more restrictive license than you need.
• ARR copyright limits what others may do with the content – ARR content is not open.
• And, because copyright laws differ around the world, ARR content is not interoperable with other content.
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The Problem for OER
• When teachers combine ARR content with their OER, then the openness and interoperability of the educational resources are compromised.
• The same is true when trying to combine resources having differing, incompatible licenses.
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Teachers are used to using materials inside the 4 walls of their classrooms.
CC BY by Foundphotosljhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/foundphotoslj/466713478/
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But what happens when teachers want to SHARE the resources they create?
BY NC-SA by dsa66503http://www.flickr.com/photos/yeksa/3393910047/
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May others reuse those resources and share them with the world?
CC BY by One Laptop per Childhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/olpc/3011271232/
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Managing ARR Content in OER
• OER creators have developed a number of techniques for managing incompatible content– Reliance on copyright exceptions and
limitations, such as fair use or fair dealing
– Seeking permission or deleting the IC– Reliance on rules of practice such as
only using a “little bit” of the IC or linking to the content instead of incorporating it fully
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What are CELs?
• Copyright exceptions and limitations (CELs) provide legal ways to use ARR content without payment or permission
• You have now all heard of Fair Use• There are many other kinds of CELs
around the world, including fair dealing and specific educational exceptions
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Types of CELs
• Limitations on copyrightable subject matter (e.g., must be original, no protection for labor alone)
• De minimus (tiny portions)• Idea/expression dichotomy (not protecting data)• First sale/exhaustion (why we have libraries)• Government works (in the U.S.)• Flexible doctrines such as fair use• Specific exceptions/limitations for classroom use
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CELs internationally
• Every country has implemented their CELs differently.
• Fair use is not always compatible with fair dealing or other types of CELs.
• Using ARR materials in OER on the basis of a CEL (such as fair use), use of that material outside of that country may not be legal.
• This is not a one-way problem!
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Use Case
• A teacher making copies of 3 newspaper articles reporting on the same story from different perspectives to illustrate media bias.– In India, this would be allowed so long as it is
“in the course of instruction.” – In the U.S., we would ask if the use is
transformative, how much was taken, whether the © owner was harmed, etc.
– In the U.K., this would not be allowed at all because it does not fit any specific enumerated category of acceptable uses.
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The flow of OER is stopped at the border.
BY-NC by Ladybeameshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/50906336@N00/2896787167/
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Which hurts the global learning commons.
BY-SA by www.lumaxart.com http://www.flickr.com/photos/lumaxart/2136951861/in/set-72157603545124242/
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What can we do about it?
BY-SA by www.lumaxart.comhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/lumaxart/2136947623/in/set-72157603549757387/
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We need to work togetherto find a global solution!
BY-SA by www.lumaxart.com/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lumaxart/2137735924/
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A few things to consider…
• We need more education of course creators about copyright issues
• We need them to think about © as they are in the process of developing courses and course material that may be turned into OER
• Encourage use of as much PD and CC materials as possible
• Discourage use of ARR content unless absolutely necessary
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OER Copyright Survey
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OpenEd Website
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Licensing info for this presentation
• Unless otherwise noted, everything in this presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. Please attribute to ccLearn.
• Available at http://www.slideshare.net/lilabailey.