otto von bismarck 1815-1898 natassia. transformed a collection of small german states into a great...
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Otto Von Bismarck
1815-1898
Natassia
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Transformed a collection of small German States into a Great Empire
Served as the first Chancellor from 1871-1890
Initiated social and welfare reform
The Iron Chancellor
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Young Life
Born on 1 April 1815 at Schönhausen in Brandenburg, Prussia.
His father was an aristocrat and his mother was from an upper-middle class family of academicians and civil servants.
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His Education
Went to Gymnasium in Berlin
Studied Law at Göttingen and in Berlin. He received his degree in 1837.
Received a civil service appointment as an apprentice official but resigned in 1838.
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Young Adult LifeFrom 1838-1847 Otto was a “Wild Man.” He drank heavily and gambled recklessly.
Life changes in 1847 when he married Johanna Von Putkammer, converted his religion and began his political career.
These gave him stability and self discipline.
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Prussian LegislatureExtremely conservative and wholeheartedly supported the monarchy
Strongly opposed any challenges to the position of the land owning aristocracy
Befriended by Prussia’s King Frederick William IV.
Appointed Ambassador to the German Confederation.
Appointed Ambassador to Russia in St. Petersburg.
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Prussia1858 Prince Regent William became Wilhelm I
1860 King and Parliament in deadlock about funding military reform
Appointed Bismarck Premier in 1862
Found a loophole by using the 1861 budget without parliament approval
“The great questions of today will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions…but by blood and iron.”
Wilhelm I
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Wars
1864 Took provinces of Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark with an alliance with Austria
1866 7-weeks-war with Austria over the provinces
1866 Parliament retroactively sanctioned the wars
1870 Bismarck edited and important document to France to sound insulting. He provoked a war to unite Southern Germany with Northern Germany against a common threat.
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Wilhelm Crowned Emperor
Crowned in the hall of mirrors in Versailles outside Paris, on January 18, 1871
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Chancellor of the EmpireUniform legal codes, nationalized railways, compulsory military service
Kulturkampf- (culture struggle) attack fueled by propaganda against the Center Party (Catholic).Became a conflict with The Roman Catholic Church. Bismarck was force to Negotiate.
Used a similar attack on the Liberal groups successfully
At the same time instituted health, accident, and old age insurance
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Foreign Policy
1873 negotiated the Three Emperor’s League with Austria-Hungary and Russia to isolate France
1879 Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary in case of Russian Attack
1877 Two Mediterranean Agreements to preserve Status quo
Complex system
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Retirement
After many conflict with young Emperor Wilhelm II, Bismarck was dismissed in 1890
He retired to his estate and died on July 30, 1898
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Quotes
“Never believe anything until it has been officially denied.”
“Politics is the art of the possible, the attainable…the art of the next best.”
“Laws are like sausages. It’s better not to see them being made.”
“Better pointed bullets than pointed words.”
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Contemporaries
Karl Marx 1818-1883 sociologist
Charles Darwin 1809-1882 naturalist
Pope Pius IX 1797-1878
William Wordsworth 1770-1850 Poet
Alphred Lord Tennyson 1809-1892 Poet
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More Contemporaries
Gregor Mandel 1822-1884 Austrian Monk/Teacher Studied Plant Genetics
Henry David Thoreau 1817-1862 Writer
Walt Whitman 1819-1892 Writer
Queen Victoria 1837-1901
Sam Clemens 1835-1910 Mark Twain
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Notable Sourceswww.kbismarck.com
www.fordham.edu
www.ssa.gov
www.germanembassy-india.org
Encarta.msn.com
www.creative quotations.com
www.cmtc.7atc.army.mil
www.newgenevacenter.org
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Special Thanks ToTravis “Günther” Roberts
Author and Historian
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The End