Ottoson Periodic Table of Elements

(1 to 10)Science Class-Mr. Bage

DID YOU KNOW ?

• The periodic table was created by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869.• He was a Russian chemist.• He organized the then known elements in groups (columns) and periods (rows).• At his time, all the elements were not discovered but he left gaps in his table.• As of today there are 111 elements in the table.• More could still be uncovered and added to the existing families (Alkali metals, Alkali Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Others Metals, Non-Metals, Halogens, Inert Elements, Rare Earth Elements).

DEFINITIONS

• Element: pure substance that can’t be broken down into other substances by any physical or chemical change. •Atom: smallest particle of an element. Atoms are made of three parts : protons, neutrons and electrons•Neutron: part of an atom’s nucleus that have a positive electrical charge.•Proton : part of an atom’s nucleus that have no electrical charge.•Electron: : particles that are outside of an atom’s nucleus and have a negative electrical charge.

Hydrogen is the simplest and lightest element and the most abundant in the universe, source of matter and energy in it.On Earth, hydrogen exist as a gas consisting of a pair oh hydrogen atoms

Color: noneStandard State: gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: metallic Density: 0.82 g/lMelting point: -259.14 C. (-434.45 F.)Boiling Point: -252.87 C. (-423.17 F.)

Helium is an inert called “noble” gas (doesn’t really mix with other elements) with no color, taste or smell, produced by massive stars like the sun where four hydrogen atoms fuse together releasing massive energy.On Earth, its nucleus is one of the product of radioactive decay, the alpha particle.Its main uses are weather balloons, airships and birthday balloons!

Color: NoneStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: non metallicDensity: 0.164 g/lMelting point: -272.2 C. (-457.96 F.)Boiling Point: -268.93 C. (-452.07 F.)

Lithium is the first metal on the table, and also the lightest. It’s an alkali metal.Combined with other metals like aluminum for example, lithium makes strong and light alloys, heavily used with the aerospace industry. It is also use as positive half of many batteries and industrial lubricants.Combined with Chlorine, Lithium chloride can absorb large amounts of water. Combined with oxygen and carbon, Lithium carbonate is used as medicine for depressed people or mental illness.

Color: Silvery gray/ WhiteStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: metallicDensity: 0.535 g/lMelting point: -180.54 C. (-356.97 F.)Boiling Point: 1,342C. (-2,447 F.)

Beryllium is an alkaline Earth metal. Combined with others metals, beryllium is heavily used in alloys. It is a excellent electrical conductor and very flexible as well as superlight. It is used to manufacture airplanes.Beryllium is often dug out of the ground as silicates- a compound formed with silicon and other elements- one of them being an emerald, another being a Beryl.

Color: SilverStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: metallicDensity: 1.848 g/lMelting point: 1,287 C. (2,348 F.)Boiling Point: 2,469 C. (4,476.2 F.)

Boron is a powdery non metal.It is use to manufacture glass, detergent (Borax or boric acid). Its compound boron nitrate is as hard as diamond.

Color: Brown/BlackStandard state: solid at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: Non metallicDensity: 2.460 g/lMelting point: 2,076 C. (3,768 F.)Boiling Point: 3,927 C. (7,100.6 F.)

Carbon is an element capable of morphing into many forms like charcoal, diamond, graphite and more. A lot of things we eat – fats, sugar, fiber are carbon based compounds. Carbon is released from food, released by the breathing human body, found in human waste, absorbed by plants and eaten again !

Color: BlackStandard state: Solid at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: Non metallicDensity: 2.267 g/lMelting point: 3,527 C. (6,380.6 F.)Boiling Point: 4,027 C. (7,280.6 F.)

Nitrogen compose 80%of the air we are breathing. It is essential to life on Earth. It is an unreactive gas. It is made of two atoms very hard to break. When nitrogen atoms form nitrogen gas they release an massive amount of energy. In its liquid form nitrogen is used as coolant. When used frozen, it freezes anything that came in contact with it.

Color: NoneStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: Non metallicDensity: 1.145 g/lMelting point: -210.10 C. (-346.18 F.)Boiling Point: -195.79 C. (-320.42 F.)

Oxygen is a gas odorless, colorless, tasteless. It is essential to life on Earth. It is made of two atoms that combine easily with other substances. It is also found as a three atoms combination forming a gas called ozone, that helps protecting Earth.

Color: NoneStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: Non metallicDensity: 1.308 g/lMelting point: -218.3 C. (-360.94 F.)Boiling Point: -182.9 C. (-297.22 F.)

Fluorine is great combined to other elements. Added to water it protects the human teeth, combined with other compounds it is used in non-stick coating in cooking ware.At the same time combined with chlorine and carbon it becomes CGD a damaging compound for the ozone layer.

Color: Yellow/GreenStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: Non metallicDensity: 1.553 g/lMelting point: -219.62 C. (-363.32 F.)Boiling Point: -188.12 C. (-306.62 F.)

Neon is found in the air. It is a noble gas. When it electrons are excited by electric al energy it emits a bright red light. Mixed with other elements, neon produce all the colors of the rainbow. This is how neon lights are made.

Color: NoneStandard state: Gas at 25 C. (77 F.)Classification: Non metallicDensity: 0.825 g/lMelting point: -248.59 C. (-415.56 F.)Boiling Point: -246.08 C. (-410.94F.)

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