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UNITED NATIONSDistr.GENENERALA/AC.73/4A S S E M B L Y 30 October 1961* , ORIGINAL: ENGLISHCOMMITTEE ON SOUTH WEST AFRICAEighth sessionPETITIONS AND COUN2IMATIONS RELATING TO SOUTH WESTAFRICA DEALT WITH BY TYE COMMITTEE ON SOUTH WESTAFRICA IN ITS REPORT ON CONDITIONS IN THE TERRITORYSUBMITTED TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT ITS SIXTEENTHSESS:DN l_/Circulated in accordance with the decision taken bythe Committee on South West Africa at its 227th meeting on 31 October 1961CONTENTSPagePETITIONS RAISING GENERAL QUESTIONS RELATING INTER ALIA nOTHE STATUSOF SOUTH WEST AFRICA AND CONDITIONS IN THE TERRITORY1. Petition, by letter dated 3 August 1960, from the Souh West AfricaPeoples Organization, Windhcek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General ......... ......................... ... 122. Petition, by letter dated 9 August 1960, and enclosure from theSouth West frica National Union, Windhoek, South West 1frica,to the Chairman of the Committee on South West Africa .. .......... 143. Petition, by letter dated 30 August 1960, from Mr. S. Mifima,Chairman, South West Africa Peoples Organization, Cape nown,South Africa, to the Chairman of the Committee on South -Test Africa . 184. Petition, by letter dated 14 September 1960, from Chief Hoseaand Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization,

Windhcek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .... ........ 2C5. Petition, by letter dated 17 September 1960, from Mr. Abraham Thomas,Acting Chief and Messrs. Ludwig Snewe, Hendrik Claasen, Simon Gertze,Edward Isaak and Willy Claasseh, Keetmanshoop, South West Africa,to the Secretary-General ........ ....................... ...224/ See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixteenth Session, SupplementNo. 12 (A/4957), Part I.61-25317 /""

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 3,TENTS (continued)Page17. Petition, by letter dated 1 August 1961, from the South WestAfrican United National Independence Organization andChief H.S. Witbooi, Mariental, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General and the Committee on South West Africa ......... 4118. Petition, by letter dated 12 August 1961, from Mrs. A.R. Salt,Otjwarongo, South West Africa, to the Chairman, United NationsOrganization ............ .............................. 4319. Petition, by letter dated 17 August 1961, from Chief H.S. Witbooi,Acting Chief A. Thomas and others, South West Africa UnitedNational Independence Organization, Keetanshoop, South West Africa,to the Secretary-General .......... ....................... 4420. Petition, by letter dated 23 August 1961, from Mr. Sedekia Ngavirueand Mr. Nathanael Mbaeva, Representatives of the South West AfricaNational Union, Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika, to the Committee on46South West Africa ........... ...........................21. Petition, by letter dated 23 August 1961, and enclosures fromChief Hosea Kutako and Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West AfricaPeoples Organization, Windhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .......... .......................... ...4622. Petition, by letter dated 7 September 1961, from Mr. E.E. Mbumba,South West Africa Peoples Organization, Luderitz, South West Africa,to the Secretary-General ........ ...................... ....5823. Petition, by undated letter, from Mr. J. Swartbooi andChief H.S. Witbooi, Maltahohe, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .......... .......................... ...5924. Petition, by letter dated 11 September 1961, from Mr. P.J. Steyn,Sannieshof, Western Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, to theSecretary-General .......... .......................... ...6125. Petition, by telegram received on 21 September 1961, fromChief Hosea Kutako, Windhcek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .......... .......................... ...62

26. Petition, by letter dated 24 August 1961, from Captain H.S. Witbociand Mr. Willem Fredrik, Gibeon, South West Africa, to the Chairmanof the Committee on South West Africa ...... ................ ...6227. Petition, by letter dated 10 October 1961, fromMr. Erasmus ja Erastus Mbumba, Secretary SWAPO, Luderitz, SouthWest Africa, to the President of the General Assembly .... ........ 70

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 2CONTENTS (continued)Page6. Petition, by letter dated 26 September 1960, from Miss Mary Benson,London, to the Chaircan, Fourth Committee, United Nations ......... 237. Petition, by cablegram received on 1 November 1960, fromChief Hosea Kutako and Chief Samuel Witbooi, Windhoek, South WestAfrica, to the Secretary-General ........ ...................2148. Petition, by letter dated 1 November 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutakoand Chief Samuel Witbooi, Windhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General ......... ..............................249. Petition, by letter dated 2 November 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutakoand Chief Samuel Witbooi, Windhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General ............ .......................... 2710. Petition, by letter dated 10 December 1960, from IMr. John Garvey Muundjua, South West Africa National Union,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .......... .2811. Petition, by letter dated 22 February 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Chief Samuel Witbooi and the South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .......... .3012. Petition, by letter dated 18 March 1961, from the Secretary,South West Africa Peoples Organization, Windhcek, South vTest Africa,to the Secretary-General .......... ....................... 3613. Petition, by letter dated 19 March 1961, from Mr. B. Bode, Otavi,South West Africa, to the Chairman of the Committee on South WestAfrica .............. ................................ 3714. Petition, by letter dated 17 April 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .......... .3915. Petition, by letter dated 17 April 1961, from Mr. Robert Jones,President, Student Senate, Colgate University, New York, to theSecretary-General .... .... .........................16. Petition, by cablegram received on 7 June 1961, from Mr. Sam Nujoma,President, and Mr. Louis Nelengani, Vice-President, South West AfricaPeoples Organization, Cairo, to the Chairran of the Committee onSouth West Africa ......... ............................. 41

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 4CONTENTS (continued)PagePETITIONS RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO THE SITUATION IN THEWINDHOEK LOCATION28. Petition, by letter dated 16 August 1960, and enclosures fromMr. C. Kapuuo for Chief Hosea Kutako, Windhoek, South West Africa,to the Secretary-General ....... ............... ...... ..... 7129. Petition, by letter dated 19 August 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General ....... .74X30. Petition, by letter dated 24 September 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutakoand Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General . . . ...... ...7531. Petition, by letter dated 5 December 1960, and enclosure, fromChief Hosea Kutako and Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West AfricaPeoples Organization, Windhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General ............ .......................... .7632. Petition, by letter dated 17 December 1960, from theReverend Michael Scott, Africa Bureau, London, to the Chairman ofthe Committee on South West Africa ....... ................... ...7853. Petition, by letter dated 21 December 1960, from Mr. Mburumba Kerina,New York, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West Africa .... 7934. Petition, by cablegram received on 10 February 1961, fromMr. Kozonguizi, London, to the Committee on South West Africa ..... ...8035. Petition, by cablegram received on 12 April 1961, fromChief Hosea Kutako, Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa PeoplesOrganization, Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General 8036. Petition, by letter dated 10 Mar 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General ............ 8cPETITIONS RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO CONDITIONS IN OVAMBOLAD37. Petition, by undated letter, from the Ovamboland Peoples Organization,Cape Town, South Africa, to the Secretary-General ..... ........... 8338. Petition, by letter dated 16 September 1960, from Mr. Simon Shivute,Acting Secretary-General, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .. ............84I..'

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 5CONTENTS (continued)Page39. Letter dated 26 September 1961, from Messrs. Sam Nujoma, President,

South West Africa Peoples Organization, Mr. Jacob Kuhangua andMr. Mburumba Kerina, New York, to the Committee on South Ilest Africaconcerning the petition reproduced as No. 38 above ..... ........... 8640 Petition, by letter dated 24 October 1960, from the Acting Secretary,South West Africa Peoples Organization, Windhoek, South West Africa,to the Secretary-General ......... ........................ ...87PETITIONS RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO CONDITIONS IN THEWARMBAD NATIVE RESERVE41. Petition, by letter dated 15 September 1960, from Mr. Johannes Christianand other inhabitants of the Warmbad Native Reserve, South West Africa,to Members of the United Nations ....... .......................8942. Petition, by letter dated 17 September 1960, from Mr. Johannes Christiaanand others in Warmbad Native Reserve, South West Africa, torepresentatives of the South West Africa question in the United Nationsand the GodOfices Commission .................... 90PETITION RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO CONDITIONS IN THEHOACHANAS NATIVE RESERVE43. Petition, by letter dated 9 January 1961, and enclosure fromMr. Johannes Dausab and others, Hoachanas, South West Africa, tothe Committee on South West Africa .......... ................ . 91PETITIONS REIWING, INTER ALIA, TO THE REHOBOTH GEBIET44. Petition, byJletter dated 16 September 1960, and enclosures fromMessrs. J.G. Diergaardt, F.C. Junius, J. Beukes, M. Dentlinger andC. Oliver, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General . . . . 9345. Petition, by letter dated 19 September 1960, from Mr. R.A. Alcock,Secretary, Rhenish Baster Community, Rehoboth, South West Africa .... 9646. Petition, by cablegram received on 20 September 1960, fromMr. H. Olivier, Chairman, and Mr. R.A. Alcock, Secretary, ActionCommittee of the Rhenish Baster Community, Rehoboth, South West Africa,to the Secretary-General ......... ........................ ...10147. Petition, by radiogram received on 2 January 1961, unsigned, fromRehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .. ......... ...10248. Petition, by letter dated 6 February 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukesand Mrs. Willimina Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ........... ............................. ...103', /...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 6CONTENTS (continued)Page49. Petition, by cablegram received on 10 February 1961, fromMr. R.A. Alcock, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General . 10350. Petition, by letter dated 19 February 1961, from Mrs. Wilhemina Beukesand Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the

Secretary-General .... ...... ........................... ..10451. Petition, by telegram received on 23 May 1961, from Mr. H.C. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Committee on South -est Africa . . . 10552. Petition, by cablegram received on 31 May 1961, from Mr. Johannes Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United Nations ... ..... ...... .10553. Petition, by letter dated 5 August 1960, and enclosures fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .... ................................... ..10554. Petition, by letter, dated 24 August 1960, and enclosures fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa .... ............ .10755- Petition, by letter dated 1 September 1960, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .. ......... ..10956. Petition, by letter dated 13 September 1960, and enclosures fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General ....... ............................. 11257. Petition, by cablegram received on 28 September 1960, fromMr. J. Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United Nations . . . 11658. Petition, by letter dated 3 October 1960, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Office of the High Cormissionerfor the United Kingdom, Pretoria, South Africa ... ............. ..11659- Petition, by letter dated 11 October 1960, from Mr. J. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .. ......... ..11860. Petition, by letter dated 18 October 1960, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .. ......... ..12161. Petition, by letter dated 27 October 1960, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .... ...... ........................... ..12362. Petition, by cablegram received on 31 October 1960, from Mr. J. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .. ......... ..126

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 7CONTENTS (continued)Page63. Petition, by cablegram received on 14 December 1960, fromMr. J. Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General * 12664. Petition, by cablegram received on 20 January 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General ..... ..... .......................... ... 12665. Petition, by cablegram received on 15 February 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .............. . ... ................. ... 12666. Petition, by cablegram received on 10 February 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ...... ..... ............................ ... 127

67. Petition, by letter dated 2 February 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General ......... ... 12768. Petition, by letter dated 24 February 1961, and enclosures, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations .......... ............................ ... 12969. Petition, by cablegram received on 7 March 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ............ . .. .. ....................... 15670. Petition, by cablegram received on 11 March 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ...... .... ............................ ... 13771. Petition, by letter dated 13 March 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary, Committee onSouth West Africa .... ...... .......................... ....13772. Petition, by letter dated 18 March 1961, and enclcure, frcmMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary,Committee on South West Africa ...... .................... ... 13873. Petition, by letter dated 5 April 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Committeeon South West Africa ...... .... ..........................74. Petition, by cablegram received on 12 April 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ....... ... .... ....................... ..... 155

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 8CONTENTS (continued)Page75. Petition, by telegram received on 22 April 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecfetary-General .... ...... ......................... ....15576. Petition, by letter dated 22 April 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South -est Africa, to theSecretary-General .... ...... .......................... ...15577. Petition, by letter dated 10 May 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary-General, andenclosed memoranda from Mr. Beukes dated 11 May 1961 andMr. Beukes and Mr. R.A. Alcock .......................... 15678. Petition, by cablegram received on 16 May 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretaryof the Committee on South West Africa ...... ................ ... 16279. Petition, by undated letter, and enclosures, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Committee on South West Africa . . 16380. Petition, by letter dated 17 May 1961, and enclosures, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the

Secretary-General .... ...... .......................... ...16581. Petition, by letter dated 21 May 1961, and enclosures, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ..... ...... ............................ . 16882. Petition, by telegram received on 24 May 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .......... .......................... ...17283. Petition, by letter dated 7 June 1961, and enclosures, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .... ...... .......................... ...17384. Petition, by letter dated 20 June 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ..... ...... ............................ . 178+ 85. Petition, by letter dated 24 June 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United Nations ............. ...18186. Petition, by letter dated 12 July 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary,United Nations ..... ........................ ......... 182/I.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 9CONTENTS (continued)Page87. Petition, by letter dated 26 July 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretariat, United Nations . . . 18488. Petition, by letter dated 30 July 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary, House of Commons . . . 18489. Petition, by letter dated 7 August 1961, and enclosures, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations ............. ............................ 18690. Petition, by letter dated 15 August 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General .......... .......................... ...18891. Petition, by letter dated 1 September 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the BritishEmbassy, Pretoria, South frica, received from Mr. Beukes ....... . 19092. Petition, by letter dated 12 September 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited Nations .......... ............................ ...19293. Petition, by letter dated 22 September 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the BritishEmbassy, Pretoria, South Africa ....... .................. ... 194PETITION CONCERNING THE DETENTION OF MR. EMIL APPOLUS94. Petition, by cablegram received on 5 October 1960, from Mr. Hall,

Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia ...... .. .................... .... 196PETITION CONCERNING THE AFRICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY (PTY)LTD.95. Petition, by letter dated 20 September 1960, and enclosures, fromMr. John G. Muundjua, Chairman of the Board of Directors, AfricanPublishing Company (Pty.) Ltd., Windhoek, South West Africa, to theChairman of the Committee on South West Africa .... ............ ... 197COmmUNICATIONS RELATING TO SCUTH IEST AFRICA96. Letter dated 1 August 1960, and enclosures, from Mr. Mururba Kerina,New York ................. . . . . . . ..................97. Telegram received on 30 September 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Windhoek, South Wfest Africa, to the Secretary-General ... ........ 2C7

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 10CONTENTS (continued)Page98. Letter dated 29 September 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako andChief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General ......... ...20799. Letter dated 19 September 1960, from Messrs. Sam Nujoma,Jacob Kuhangua and Mburumba Kerina, South West Africa PeoplesOrganization, New York, to the Secretary-General . . . ... ........ ...2071CO. Letter dated 7 October 1960, from Mr. Jariretundu Kozonguizi,London, to the Chairman, the Secretary-General, United Nations . ... 209101. Telegram received on 14 October 1960, from the Secretary-GeneralSouth West Africa National Union, Windhoek, South West Africa, tothe Fourth Committee, United Nations ..... .............. . . . 210102. Letter dated 4 January 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jariretundu Kozonguizi, South West Africa National Union, London,to the Secretary-General ........ ....................... ....210103. Letter dated 9 January 1961, from Miss Lorna Richmond, Africa Bureau,London, to the Chairman of the Fourth Committee ... ........... ...215104. Letter dated 21 March 1961, from Miss Lorna Richmond, Africa Bureau,London, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West Africa .... 216105. Letter dated 24 March 1961, from Miss Lorma Richmond, Africa Bureau,London, to the Secretary of the Cormittee on South West Africa . . .. 216106. Cablegram received on 18 March 1961, from the Reverend Michael Scott,London, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West Africa . . . . 217107. Letter dated 30 May 1961, and enclosures, from Mr. Arlo Tatum,Secretary, World Peace Brigade, Enfield, England, to the Secretaryand Chairman, Committee on South West Africa .... ............. ... 217108. Letter dated 12 June 1961, from Mr. Arlo Tatum, Secretary to thePreparatory Committee of the World Peace Conference, England, to theSecretary of the Committee on South West Africa ..... ........... 220

109. Letter dated 17 April 1961, from Mr. Alfred John Ferreira, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary-General .... ............. ... 221110. Letter dated 17 April 1961, frcm Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, SouthWest Africa, to the Secretary-General ...... ................ ... 222

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 11CCUTENTS (continued)Page111. Comunication dated 25 July 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako, Windhoek,South West Africa .......... ......................... ....223112. Copy of a letter sent by Chief Hosea Kutako to the Editor,"Windhoek Advertiser", dated 14 August 1961, received fromChief Hosea Kutako, Windhoek, South West Africa ... ........... ...226113. Letter dated 11 August 1961, from Mr. Mburumba Kerina, New York,to the Chairman of the Committee on South West Africa ......... ... 228114. Letter dated 1 September 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Chief Samuel Witbooi and Mr. A. Nepala, South West Africa PeoplesOrganization, Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General . 232115. Letter dated 9 February 1961, from Mr. E.H. Kalundalali, Cape Town,South Africa, to the Secretary, Trusteeship Council, United Nations . 233116. Letter dated 16 February 1961, from Mr. E.H. Kalundalali, Cape Town,South Africa, to the Secretary of the Committee on South I-est Africa . 234....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 12PETITIONS RAISING GENERAL QUESTIONS RELATING INTER ALIA TOTHESTATUS OF SOUTH WEST AFRICA AND CONDITIONS IN THETERRITORY1. Petition, by letter dated 3 August 1960, from the South West Africa PeoplesOrganization, Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralThis is to inform you that we have chosen Mr. Sam Nujoma andMt. MbiArunmba Kerina as the representatives for our Scuth West AfricanPeoples Organisation. Furthermore, we would like to inform the United NationsOrganisation regarding the latest news in South West Africa a follows:Today, the 3rd. day of August. 1960, our Vice-President, Mr. Louis Nelengani,was given 24 hours to leave Windhoek, for Ovamboland, because he is the leaderof the organisation being a opposition to the Union Government.The reason for Mr. Louis Nelengani's deportation was, that he sent a petition tothe United Nations Organisation, forwarded a copy to the Union Government,which applys to rule XXXI of the rules of procedure of the committee on SouthWest Africal'

When the Union Government received his letter, he in return notified the NativeCommissioner to DEPORT Mr. Nelengani as soon as possible. Now in the case ofMr. Ja Toiva, our Ovamboland representative, who were arrested in Ovambolandmore than 2 months ago are as follows:When Mr. Tuhaleni our Secretary for Ovamboland was arrested in Ovamboland,Mr. Ja Toiva informed us about his arrest by telegram. Then the UnionGovernment EXILED Mr. Tuhaleni, Mr. Ja Toiva informed us again by telegram,these two telegrams were forwarded to the United Nations Organisation by ourrepresentatives, Mr. Sam Nujona and Mr. MFburumba Kerina. The Union'srepresentative informed his government about the two telegrams which he saw atthe U.N.O. then Mr. Ja Toiva was arrested, and is still in jail today, enclosedplease find telegram.Mr. Tuhaleni was given 5 tins of water and 3 bags of food then locked up at aconcentration camp for political prisoners, which is situated between the border ofAngola and Ovamboland at the north eastern side.Regarding the wives, children and babies of the mentioned deportees, who willtake care of them? Remember that the deportees were the bread-winners of thesefamilies. Even today I spoke to Mrs. Louis Nelengani, telling her "Do not worry,deporting your husband, will mean freedom to thousands of our people"....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 13With this we appeal to the U.N.O. to DEMAND that the Union Government stopdeporting our members. If the Union Government does not want to surrender the"Sacred Trust" revoke it, as we want S.W.A. under the trusteeship of the UnitedNations this year.If I sign my name, I will probably be deported soon, so I appeal that theSecretary-General that after reading this letter, eraise my name please.I remain,(Signed) IllegibleSecretary-General. S.W.A.P.Organisation.EnclosureExtract from The Windhoek Advertiser, 4 August 1960ALL THIS AND BANNING TOO IN TROUBLED TIMES Only One SideAmid all the problems which are facing South West Africa at the moment, aNative now alleges that he has been banned from the country.Knowing that such an incident, if correct, will be exploited by theUnited Nations, the "Advertiser" tried yesterday to obtain the true facts in orderthat the outside world might see both sides of the case. This is what happened:The Vice-President of the Overamboland People's Organisation, Louis Nelengani,alleged that he had been told by the Assistant Native Commissioner in Windhoek,Mr. W.S.G. Malherbe, that he had been banished to the Northern border ofOvamboland.

In an interview, Louis Nelengani said that he had been told by Mr. Malherbe thathe would have to leave Windhoek by Friday, when he would be escorted to theAngola side of Ovamboland, despite the fact that he claims that he was born onthe South West side of Ovamboland.I...

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 14ALLEGATIONHe said that he had come to work in Windhoek in 1957, and had absolutelyno connections with Angola. He alleged that when he was called in by Mr.Malherbe, he was simply told: "You have worked against us - you have misusedyour rights, and for these reasons you are being banned from Scuth West".NO-CO-OPERATIONYesterday a staff reporter of the "Advertiser" called on Mr. Malherbe in his officeat the Magistrate's Court, for the purpose of asking him to explain or deny theallegation.When the reporter mentioned the name Louis Nelengani, Mr. Malherbe jumpedup from his chair, threw a ruler on to his desk, and said: "I am not prepared todiscuss this matter. You can go and see the Chief Native Commissioner".NOTHING KNOWNLater in the day, the reporter called on the Native Affairs Information Officer, Mr.Grobler, with the purpose of verifying his information.All Mr. Grobler could say, was: "I am sorry, but I know nothing about thismatter".BUSYThe "Advertiser" tried to contact the Administrator, Mr. D. Viljoen, by telephone,but he was busy.The "Advertiser" believes that Native organisations have already made their ownreport to the United Nations.2. Petition,by letter dated 9 August 1960, and enclosure, from the South WestAfrica National Union, Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Chairman of theCommittee on South West AfricaWe noted with great appreciation the recommendations made by the Committeeon South West Africa since its establishment: and at the same time noted withgreat regret the inactionness of the General Assembly. But with due respect tomembers of this organisation...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 15The South African standpoint in regard to the mandated territory of S.W.A. isindisputably clear locally and internationally and will continue as such unlesssome steps are taken legally or otherwise. While the Committee on S.T.A. has just

accepted a recommendation to the General Assembly calling on the Govt. ofSouth frica to stop deporting Africans and all indirect methods of intimidation, anExco. member or rather the vice-President of SWAPO has been ordered to leavethe capital of S.W.A. within 2 days whether it suited him or not. Reasons as per apress cutting attached herewith.Mr. Nelengani has a wife with a 6 months old baby. Despite, he is notdeported to Ovamboland, but to Angola where he knows no one or rather whereone could hardly be expected to make a living particularly in a case where onehad leave unprepared in such a modicum of time. These deportations of Africanpolitical leaders are aimed at retarding the progress of the organisation concerned,having they realised that these bodies have made the aspirations of the Africanpeople in the Territory of a more remarkable nature.Besides, on the part of the authority Mr. Nelengani's deportation is apaving of minister de it Nel's mission to Ovamboland this week, where the poorpeople will be told of the Indians, Russians, Ghananians and all those countrieswith an unstringed or diplomatic sympathy as trying to deprive them of theircountry.This being the sympathy as presented to the people of Ovamboland by theofficials of the Bantu Administration Department. Therefore, it would be ofinterest to challenge the competency of those who are alleged to be pro-unionGovt. by asking Chief Kambonde to address the Committee on S.W.A. in order totest the verity of the Union Govt.Gentlemen, I think it is of interest to remind you of the remark by theHaitian delegate at the last session who said "the members of this organisationwill in the future be taking over a territory which no longer existed."In fact, the mandated of S.W.A. is theoretically existing but practically hasalready been incorporated. Thus the killing, deportation, discharge fromemployment and etc. are indisputable manifestation of the stage which the govt.of South Africa has reached in modifying the international status of our territoryand, if the United Nations regard this as being still insignificant to

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 16act upon then I would venture to warn this organisation of being in the danger ofbecoming a mere training college or rather an International arena for the displayand test of the philosophical profundity of member states rather than anorganisation dedicating for peace, promotion of universal brotherhood therecognition of human dignity.Therefore if this organisation declares itself to stand for the abovementionedobjects, then I should say, the time is already overdue, despite the internationallegal implications in this matter; when it should have taken positive actionsagainst South Africa in order to bring the govt. of South Africa in conformity withthe charter of UNO. Because South Africa did not subscribe to this body with aview to becoming an International delinquent but of rendering services as states inthe charter to which the govt. of South Africa owes obedience.

Moreover, South Africa has not only challenged the relevancy of the U.N.jurisdiction over SWA by even disregarding the opinion of the World Court, buthas gone to the extent of killing people when they refused being removed to theconcentration camp of KATUTURA - this is what Mr. Luvenstein describe asbeing beyond pale of human comprehension and I verily verify. Further I hardlybelieve whether the South African tacit silence in regard to the request after theriots calling on South Africa to stop forceful removal as a favourable response.This is simply so, because of the growing tensity of the situation.However it is of vital interest to know whether the U.N. have stillsomething new to offer upon the subject which the govt. of South Africa hasn'tdone that could prove to the U.N. as a real indication in evaporation ormodification of the International status of cur territory. No, Sir, South Africa hadeverything that an aggressor could have done to show his aggressiveness. Nhat isleft now is for the U.N. to surrender or resort to some actions instead of theincessant resolutions which bear no fruitful result.Bearing in mind that 13 years under killings, deportations, and etc.,without U.N. security is the highest degree of human patience and confidence inthe United Nations.Again, I deem it of vital importance to remind you as my President did at the lastsession that patience and confidence are not limitless. Therefore it is difficult inthe light of the Nationalist political slogan of "it is taken

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 17with blood it must be taken away with blood" to judge as to how long my people'spatience will enqure.We therefore call on the U.N. most urgently to do something about thesituation before it is too late: in order to prevent the danger of my people resortingto some help outside the circle of the U.N. as this might jeopardize any futurechanges of the U.N. in matter like this.Because cur situation has reached a stage of no furtherance.In fact, the South African policy of APARTHEID did not only constitute apitiable state of misery amongst the Africans, neither is it only an Internationaldelinquent, but also a peril of human dignity.With these words I applaud and endorse the attitude of Ghana and Malaya asjustifiable; for which any attack on them such as that of Minister Louw should beregarded as nothing else than a mere suffering from political dementia.(Signed)Propaganda and Organising Secretary (SWANU)(South West African National Union.EnclosureExtract, from the South West News, 6 August 1960DEPORTATIONS! DEPORTATIONS!A Reign of Terror characterzed by arrests, pass refusals, dismissals from jobs,prohibition and deportation orders, is now prevalent in the main towns of South

West Africa. The Government through its local Authorities is now quitedetermined to hasten the drive of fricans out of the urban areas.The all-white-labourers policy at the new State hospital is only anindication of the new direction, while the real measures vary from strict control ofinflux into towns to deportations. The latter has culminated in the deportationfrom Windhcek of Mr. Louis Nelegani, Vice President of the South West AfricaPeoples Organisation. Mr. Nelengani informed us that he was called to the officeof the Assistant Native Commissioner where he was instructed to ready himselffor his removal from Windhcek on Friday morning. -W1hen he asked

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 18the reason for the action, he was told, "you are working against the government",and nothing more. "South Uest News" phoned the Assistant Commissioner forinformation about the deportation and the reply was, "I am sorry I can't discussdepartmental matters with you" and bang' went the telephone receiver.Mr. Nelengani is married and has a baby of about six months old."South U-est News" is in possession of a statement released by a specialcommittee of people who inquired into the effects of the new measures in theWindhoek location. Following are some facts taken from the statement:Municipal employees dismissed from their jobs for refusing to move to Katatura:Ewald Kamapunga, Emmanuel Katjinamunene, Felix Nguzerua, BernhardUaendere, Fritz Oxurub and Thimon Katjerungu.People who were refused permits to reside in Windhoek:Alestarkus Tjivikua, Prieska Kanhaa and Cleophas Mbura (an old resident whohad his permit revoked). The above are only the extraordinary cases of peoplewho were either divorced from their families or jobs without any reasons. Normalcases are said to run in several scores within a period of one month.Some people were refused permits to seek work in Windhoek, e.g. Two boysKandjou and Alphons Kutako.Others were arrested for refusing to report at the Pass Office immediately theyarrived in UTindhoek, e.g. Kambangene Ndjoze, Nauro Tjombe and ArnoldKamupingene.3. Petition, by letter dated 70 August 1960, from Mr. S. Mifima, Chairman,South est Africa Peoples Organization, Cape Town, South Africa, to theChairman of the Committee on South U'est Africa.,e people of S.W.A.P.O. want to bring to your notice once again theruthlessness of Apartheid to which our people are subjected day by day by theAuthorities in the mandated territory of South West Africa.Such things as banishments, deportations and refusal of permits to seek work arethe order of the day....

A/AC.73/4English

Page 20THIS YEAR, 1960, U.N.O. MUST TAKE DECISIVE ACTION TO PUT S.W.A.UNDER TRUSTEESHIP AS -E VISH, OR U.N.O. MUST LEAVE USFOREVER UNDER OUR HEAVY YOKE OF SUFFERING UNDERAPARTHEID.If U.N. abandons us, we will of course carry on our struggle with other means andseek new help from anywhere prepared to free us from this deadly apartheidoppression.We want nothing but equality in economic and educational fields, and freedomfor all inhabitants of our country South West Africa.(Signed) S. Mifima(Chairman, S.W.A.P.O.)4. Petition by letter dated 14 September 1960, from Chief Hosea andChief Samuel !Witbooi, South Wvest Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South 7est Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralIn continuance of our petition of the 19 August, 1960,1/ we wish to inform youthat an African woman of the Bushman tribe and her two children were shot andkilled by a European farmer. The farmer escaped. The incident occurred betweenAbenab and Tsumeb in the north of South V-est Africa. An African convict whoescaped from the W7indhoek prison was shot and killed by the Police while hewas being pursued by the police last month.'.Thile we are grateful to the United Nations for its efforts during the past fourteenyears to help the people of South West Africa, it is important for the UnitedNations to understand that South West Africa is administered by the people whogrew up in an atmosphere of racial discrimination and colour prejudice. Thispractice has become their way of life. Being a people who have been blinded bycolour prejudice, they despise and neglect the indigenous population. They workin the interests of the European community. It is therefore easy to understand thatwhen dealing with such a people, the mere passing of resolutions by the UnitedNations condemning their brutality will have very little or no effect.The situation demands effective measures and this can only be done by bringingthe United Nations' presence to South 'est Africa.l_/ See No. 29 below.I. .

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 21In order to ensure that political rights remain in the hands of theEuropean minority, all Africans and all dark-skinned people are kept votelessduring their life time and they have no representatives in all the councils of thestate. The Government resorts to all kinds of methods no matter how distasteful orhow irresponsible those methods are as long as those methods exclude Africansfrom the Government of the country.This policy is being intensified by the introduction of Bantu Education

in all African primary schools in South V-est Africa next year. Bantu Educationhas already been introduced in the one only African school for higher education:viz. Augustineum at Okahandja.The object of Bantu education is to indoctrinate African children fromchildhood that Africans are inferior to Europeans. The Government thinks thatwhen Africans have been indoctrinated in this way, they will be so ignorant thatthey will not demand political rights or equality with the Europeans.The President of the South West Africa African Teachers Association Mr. G.G.Mbuende said at a meeting that a school where Bantu education is taught is like abig tombstone.Now the question is this: whose wards are we? The period of fourteen yearsduring which the United Nations has been waiting for a change of heart from theUnion of South Africa is long enough.The present period is for actions on the part of the United Nations that will put astop to the exploitation which is going on in South West Africa.We further ask the United Nations to allow our representatives - theReverend Michael Scott, Messrs. Mburumba Kerina, Jariretundu FanuelKozonguizi, Sam Nujoma and Rev. Marcus Kooper to speak at the forth comingsession of the General Assembly of the United Nations on our behalf.(Signed) Chief Hosea KutakoChief Samuel WitbooiSecretary for the South West Africa Peoples Organisation/.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 22 LO5. Petition, by letter-/ dated 17 September 1960, from Mr. Abraham Thomas,Acting Chief and Messrs. Ludwig Snewe, Hendrik Claasen, Simon Gertze,Edward Isaak and W<illy Claasseh, Keetmanshoop, South West Africa, to theSecretary-GeneralPETITIONWe herewith request the UNO that South West Africa be placed under theimmediate trusteeship of the UNO.Things are going worst in our territory. There is no voice, privilledge, etc., whichthe Non-european enjoys as far as the South Africa Government is concerned.This Governmentfs unavoidable laws are apartheid, oppression, force, etc. whichis in most cases intollerable.'Je are now forced into the new locations with the promise of explusion at anytime. Then the same bloodshed may take place as it was the case in Windhoek lastyear. In every location in our South West Africa, bloodshed must be expected atany time as in Hoachanas too.With the registration of Census on 2nd September there were secret things and ifthe inhabitants make any inquiry before registration, they are to be fined with theamount of £50 or imprisonment.It is no democratic Administration at all.

We therefore apply for UNO's immediate Trusteeship over the whole Mandate(S'.%TA).We are yours,(Signed) Abraham Thomas, Acting Chief Ludwig SneweHendrik ClaassenSimon GertzeEdward IsaakWilly Claasseh1/ This letter was enclosed in the same envelope as the letter reproducedas No. 41 below.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 236. Petition, by letter dated 26 September 1960, from Miss Mary Benson,London,to the Chairman, Fourth Committee, United Nations Petition re: South WestAfricaI write as a South African, and a friend of Chief Hosea Kutako of theHereros, whom I have twice visited in Windhoek. On the first occasion, in 1951, Ihad discussions with him and his councillors, and with representatives of theNama, and I assisted them in applying for passports to attend the United Nationsin response to the invitation Dr. Bunche had sent them. As you know, theirapplications were turned down by the South African Government. In February ofthis year when I briefly visited Chief Hosea and his councillors I was impressedby the continuance of their trust in the United Nations, and by the depth of thattrust.But I believe that the United Nations will forfeit that trust, and will condemn allthe people of South West Africa to chaos, unless it acts, promptly andconstructively.Year after year African leaders there have encouraged their people to look to theU.N. for what is, to them, literally, salvation from the South AfricanGovernment's harsh, inhuman and unjust policies. Year after year, boldresolutions are passed in the General Assembly while in South -est Africa itself,Africans only suffer greater oppression. They hear their rulers taunting themabout the ineffectualness of their friends and even, on occasion, learn that greatcountries they had revered before have voted with South Africa. (It is with sorrowthat they learn that some statesmen regard the noble ideals implied in the Mandatesystem with a sophistry that amounts to hypocrisy: they themselves take thoseideals seriously).When I saw the Herero leaders in February, they were still suffering from thegrief and shock caused by the police shooting in December. Again there had beendiscussions in the U.N., but in Windhoek itself there were only more deportations,more removals after intimidation to the remote and barren location of Katutura,and the introduction of Bantu education. All these and other afflictions aredescribed in detail in other petitions; I want just to emphasize how near despair

these people must be. The fine feelings and resolutions of the U.N. areappreciated, but the U.N. must now interpret them into action in South JestAfrica, and must bring to an end the barbarous policy of apartheid there.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 24In doing so, it will have the support of the African and Coloured peoples of SouthWTest Africa, and of the vast majority of South Africans (and this includes allraces for there are thousands of other whites who feel as I do). I therefore petitionthe United Nations to revoke the Mandate once entrusted through Britain to theSouth African Government, and to establish a just administration that will enablethe people of South West Africa to reach selfgovernment in due course.(Signed) Mary Benson7. Petition, by cablegram received on 1 November 1960, from Chief HoseaKutakoand Chief Samuel Witbooi, Windhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretaryGeneral1ST OCTOBER 1960 AN AFRICAN LADY KILLED BY EUROPEANFARMER STOP 23RD OCTOBER 196o T0 AFRICAN BABIES DIED OFTHIRST IN FIELD AFTER PARENTS SHOT AT BY EUROPEAN FARMERSTOP AN AFRICAN LADY CRITICALLY ILL FRIGHTENED WITH RIFLEBY EUROPEAN EMPLOYER WINDHOEK 21ST OCTOBER 1960 STOP ANAFRICAN LADY RAPED BY EUROPEANS 28TH OCTOBER 1960 STOP ANAFRICAN MAN KILLED BY EUROPEAN WINDHOEK STOP LETTER TOFOLLOW STOPCHIEF HOSEA KUTAKO CHIEF SAMUEL VITBOOI8. Petition, by letter dated 1 November 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako andChief Samuel Witbooi, indhoek, South W1est Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralAn African lady (Herero) born in 1936, has been murdered by Europeans on the1st of October 1960, at a farm of a certain Mr. Dannie Holstuyzen near BuurmanSchool; a distance of 5 miles.The lady and two of her younger sisters walked to a place to fetch water with thedeceased in front of others. Three Europeans, all or one with rifle walkedalongside these ladies. One of the Europeans pointed with his rifle to the lady whowas not aware of what was being done. One of her sisters stopped heresaying thatthe Europeans pointed with a rifle to her. When she turned to look to the threeEuropeans a shot went off striking her through the head. She fell dead. Murdered.The matter was reported at Kamanjab Police Station. TheI...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 25same took the body of the deceased to Otjikondo Police Station for post mortemon Sunday the 2nd October 1960. An African Police with the name of Eward

Tjipepa at Kamanjab Police Station was one of the police who brought the corpseto Otjikondo Police Station. The body was taken back to the farm that sameSunday, the 2nd October 1960, for burial.As far as we can report this matter was never been to any court in the country, nordoes the public know anything about this murder by cold blood. The deceased lefta small baby. No compensation of any kind has been given to her father or hersmall baby. The same Europeans threatened to shoot the father of the deceasedsome days before this murder at the same farm.On the 20th October 1960, Chief Hosea Kutako went to the Chief of the C.I.D. inWindhoek who called him (Chief Hosea Kutako) in connection with an anothermurder case which has been already reported to the United Nations. The murderof an African lady with her two children in Grootfontein district. In the samemeeting the C.I.D. officer boasted that the South African Police have the finestrecord in the world and nothing can be done which the police will not report the tothe press for publication. This might be so but it did not happen in the murders ofthe above cases and others which are to be reported hereunder.Two African men (Bushmen) working on a farm called Erindiroura of a certainEuropean Mr. Jappie Smit, in the district of Otavi claimed to have worked forsome months without being paid their wages. For some time back these mendemanded their wages and were dismissed with threats. On 23rd October 1960they decided to go to the boss to claim their wages and at the same time to askpermits to leave the work. ',hen they brought the matter to the boss, the same whobecame very angry took the two imployees and locked them up in a backyardroom. He then went in and took his rifle and made to the cotages of the imployeeswhere their women were sitting watching the whole drama. On seeing him (Theboss) approaching with a rifle in his hand, the two ladies with their four childrenran into the bush. The farmer fired a shot in their direction missing one of themonly by a few inches. The ladies scattered and fled into the bushes, leaving theirbabies and children behind. One of the ladies ran to the ?,aterberg Native ReserveWelfare Officer to report the matter or incident. She was badly bruised by thornsand branches.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 26The European farmer went back and open the men out who not knowing the fateof their wives went to work for that day. The following day they asked permissionto look for their wives which was granted them. They set out to spore them onlyto find that the two small babies who were twins died of thirst in the field wherethe mother left them.This incident has been in the hands of the police at Grootfontein. Like the othercases above neither the public nor the press know anything about it despite theboast of the C.I.D. officer of the good record of his police.On 28th October 1960, two African ladies, sisters (Hereros) walked from a farmTeufelspach to a railway station of the same name, a distance of about 3 miles. Oncrossing the big Windhoek - Okahandja highway they were met by a car with

Europeans all men. The car stopped and distinguished lights. A European mancame out of the car and came to the two ladies. Seing him coming they startedrunning away. The elder sister was not so swift as the other one. She fell into thehands of this man. The man took her behind a bush assaulted and raped then lefther.The European farmer, a German, reported the incident to the police at Okahandja.Nothing to this effect has appeared in the press.On 21st October 1960, a number of African ladies working at a wool firm knownas F.C.U. in 7indhoek were receiving their wages. An European imployer at thefirm charged that they were making noise. The ladies did not pay attention. TheEuropean went in and took his rifle. He shot at the ladies of whom two fainted onthe place. It is not reported that any of them was hurt or wounded but one of thetwo fainted because so critical that she had to be treated by a doctor.There has been no press report about the incident.Sir, the above murders and criminal acts give us nothing but the impression thatthe talks that Europeans will exterminate Africans before the United Nations takeover the territory, spoken by so many irresponsible elements among Europeansare no mere talk. Also the fact that so many Europeans, even women and youthsare allowed to handle firearms, creates in us the fear, and we think that that fear isjustified, that the longer this question is delayed by the United Nations, the morewe are exposed to brutal acts and murders such as these./

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 27To delay the question of South -;est Africa for a year withoutguaranteeing the lives of the Africans by the United Nations will be a greatdanger. le request the United Nations to send to S.W. Africa a SupervisingCommission, while the case is discussed at UNO and the International Court ofJustice.I7e trust and hope that the United Nations will consider steps towards this end.(Signed) Hosea KutakoHosea Kutako9. Petition, by letter dated 2 November 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako andChief Samuel 7.itbooi, Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralOn the 17th of July 1960, an African young men, Willifriend Nanllneb wasmurdered by an European, Frans Schubandt, at a Windhoek outskirshes shop. Theincident has been reported to the police. A court is being conducted but no pressstatements have ever been made about the murder. The parents of the deceasedare not allowed to attend the proceeding of the court while those of the murdererare allowed to attend. This murder has already been reported to the UnitedNations in our last cable.On the 31st October 1960, three young Africans were strwling in one of thestreets in Jindhoek. An European man called them to stop to which the Africanspaid no attention. The European drew near and shot and wounded one of the men

with his revolver, upon which the other two Africans came to their fellow mantsrescue and caught the European while the wounded man went to call for thepolice assistance. The man (European is said to be under arrest.5e are of the belief Sir, that nothing short of a United Nations presence in theterritory could stop this terror. It is the duty of the United Nations to put an end tothese murders which are in the increase in the Territory.The wounded Africants name is Frans Kamanja.The Native Commissioner at Ohopuho, Mr. Van Zyl, has taken away an Africanyoung man Mr. Birijoro to an unknown destination after accusing him (Birijoro)that he wrote a petition to the United Nations. It is believed that the

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 28African has been taken to one of the concentration camps in Portuguese Angola orhe has been shot dead. 'hen the parents of the young ask about him they are beingtold that he shall come one day.This matter has-been reported to the Chief Native Commissioner, Mr. B.Blignaut, just before his departure to the UNITED NATIONS.This kidnapping took place in 1959 at Ohopuho.We ask the United Nations to urge upon the Union Government to find and makethe fate of this young man known to the world and also to his parents.(Signed) Hosea KutakoHosea KutakoSamuel Witbooi* ,Is 7 . '10. Petition, by letter dated 10 December 1960, from Mr. John Garvey Muundjua,South -Vest Africa National Union, Windhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-GeneralIt is really surprising the way the United Nations act, and we are thus left towonder as to what we should do, because no practical reaction is forthcomingfrom the United Nations , while the Union Govt. was doing everything in itspower not only to modify the international status of the territory but to relegatethe African people to a status worse than that of a "Beast of burden".As we are writing this letter a proclamation has been issued by the ChiefMagistrate of Windhoek preventing the Africans not only from holding meetings,but any group of Africans, this has been declared as illegal. Therefore, as a resultof this proclamation the old location is being patrolled by the police every night.This provocative attitude of the facist govt. has again caused an enormous degreeof unrest and bitterness among the residents of the old location, as it reminds themof the 10th and llth Dec., 1959, when lives were lost.It is because of this ever growing oppression that our petitioners called upon theUnited Nations to send a commission to the territory in order that they may verifywhat the petitioners have been telling them. This being what the people of 3.r.A.have alllong been waiting for, but not the phylosophical euphony of people such

as Mr. E. Kennedy who maintains that sending a commission would make thesituation more tense. In repudiation of such a view. we would

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 29venture to warn the United Nations of the danger of being turned into aninternational arena for the display and test of the phylosophical profundity ofmember states, than being an organisation dedicated towards the promotion ofpeace and recognition of human rights , a task that will never be achieved byinactiveness and passive resolutions. We therefore agree whole-heartedly with theUnited States delegate who said, that the only answer to the South Africandisapproval of the petitioners statements should be "will you allow us to go to theterritory".Sir, the situation has really reached a stage of no furtherance and tolerance and ifthe United Nations fail to show its competence, a situation might erupt that willjeopardise the future of the United Nations in this matter. Again Mr. E. Kennedywas reported to have said that the people of S.W.A. are not ready for self-government, but being not ready for self-government does not mean that we arenot ready for trusteeship.Those people who think that the time has not yet come for the United Nations tointervene, are giving us the impression that they first want to see a situationsimilar to the Congo before they can consider the possibility for a United Nationsintervention. What will the United Nations gain from such a situation if they haveso far not solved the first one.Besides, we do not want to see a situation similar to the Congo in our territory.Therefore we urgently call upon the United Nations to intervene before any crisisof that nature is born.'Ye are in favour of a United Nations Commission to visit our plunderedterritory, and if any country dare say that this was contrary to the sub judice rule,then we would regard it as attempting to keep a white intransparent screen beforethe United Nations. This is the time when the United Nations should come andsee things for itself, because the South African Govt. is busy with its programmeand measures of oppressing the indigenous people of this territory.John Carvey Muundjua(Signed) J.G. MuundjuaACTING-VICE-PRESIDENT. (SWANU)

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 30P.S.:In conclusion may I point out that some members are playing the factualdishonesty of treating our case as a mere subject of discussion ratherthan being a matter of burning urgency. To this effect I would againwarn that 15 years was the highest degree of human patience and confidence

and neither is limitless. Therefore, we earnestly call upon you and inyour capacity as General-Secretary to accelerate the coming of thecommission under consideration.11. Petition, by letter dated 22 February 1961, from Chief Hosea KutakoChief Samuel itbooi and the South -Test Africa Peoples Organization,Tindhoek, South est Africa, to the Secretary-General l/Attached find our petition to the United Nations.1: (Signed) Hosea Kutako2: (Signed) Samuel Witbooi3. South West African Peoples Organ.Enclosure 1 A PETITION FROM SOUTH WEST AFRICA:TO THE UNITED NATIONS, NEW YORK.Africans in the old Location in Windhoek are not allowed to build or to enlargetheir houses. They are not allowed to build houses on the plots where there werehouses of those people who moved to "Katutura" or on new plots which had beenintended for the construction of houses in the old Location or to build additionalhouses or houses on one's existing plot, or even to renovate the existing houses inthe old Location.This is an indirect pressure to force the Africans to move to newsegregated Location - "Katutura". Refuse in the old Location has not been clearedsince the killing of the twelve Africans by Union Government in December 1959,although they pay taxes. The Government says that those Afrisans who do notwant to move do not want cleanliness that is why they refuse to move to Katutura.The Government says further that a person who does not want the refuse shouldgo to "Katutura". Africans who built houses as from 1958, have been told todemolish their houses failing to do that would be an offence.1/ A copy of this petition was also received from the Reverend Michael Scott,London, under cover of a letter dated 28 February 1961.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 31The Government says that the removal is not compulsory. Our desire is that thosepeople who do not want to move to Katutura be allowed to build houses or toenlarge or renovate their houses in the old Location in accordance with theirdesire.The construction of new houses in new segregated Locations is continuing in allthe towns in South West Africa. This is bound to have serious consequences asthe Africans are opposed to the removals based on racially discriminatory laws.The present practice in Windhoek is that when the Pass Offices are closed andAfricans want to go to attend funerals at places outside Windhoek, they have toobtain Travelling passes from the Charge Office. Nowadays, Africans who live inthe Old Location are not provided with such passes. Such Travelling passes areonly issued to Africans who live in the new segregated LocationKatutura. This isan indirect compulsion to force the Africans to move to Katutura.

According to the Uindhoek Advertiser of the 27th January, 1961, seventeenAfricans who were present when the police opened fire and killed twelve innocentAfricans on the 10th December 1959, are to be charged in the WindhoekMagistrate's Court with public violence as you will see from the attachednewspaper cutting. This is an attempt by the Government to put the blame for thekillings on the Africans.At GobabisAfrican graves at Gobabis in an old cemetery which is adjacent to the Europeancemetery are in the process of being disintered and the remains are collected intosacks and buried in one mass grave in a new African cemetery. This is donewithout informing the relatives of the deceased. The European cemetery and theold African cemetery were close to each other. The African cemetery was the firstthere. .We are under the impression that the African cemetery is being removedthere to facilitate the implementation of the Apartheid Policy. It is clear from theaction of the Government that the Apartheid Policy is applied to the living as wellas to the dead.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 32Hoachanas Native Reserve:The Hoachanas Native Reserve is regarded by the Government as a black spot ina white area which has to be moved away. The inhabitants have refused to bemoved. The Government has now resorted to indirect methods to move thoseAfricans. The Africans who live in Hoachanas are not allowed to leave theReserve to seek work or to leave the Reserve under any circumstances despite thefact that many of them suffered stock losses as a result of the long drought. This istantamount to a house arrest.The Native Reserves:Africans in the reserves pay grazing fees. Large stock is paid 6d per head permonth. Small stock is paid 2d per head per month. This money is intended toprovide water, fuel and services. But the Africans are often compelled to paymoney for the fuel and services. This means that Africans pay double tax for thesame purpose.Large stock such as donkeys and oxen are often used to pump water from thewells. Some Africans have been compelled by circumstances to buy their ownwater Engines, yet they are compelled to pay grazing fees and services.Aminius Native Reserve:Several years ago the Government told the Inhabitants of Aminius that there wereno funds in Aminius Reserve Fund for the maintenance of the Government schoolin Aminius. The school therefore had co be closed. The people of Aminius did notwant the school to be closed and they therefore decided that each person who wasa brand owner in the Aminius Reserve should pay £1. 4. Od, per annum for themaintenance of the school. The above sum was later reduced to 12/- per annum.This was a temporal tax, pending the increase of funds in the reserve fund. -,henthe reserve fund became strong, the Africans requested the Government to

discontinue this additional tax, but the Government refused and this has nowbecome a permanent school tax.Owing to the drought which prevailed in the territory the Africans find it verydifficult to pay this tax.!..

AIAC .73/4EnglishPage 33Nowadays, many Africans find it very difficult to find employment. When theyseek work they are told by Europeansf firms that they should go and seek work atthe United Nations. They are also told that Chief Hosea Kutako, Sam Nujoma andother representatives of UNO should provide employment for the Africans inSouth West Africa.The Oppressive Laws:The Pass Laws have become more oppressive. An African must have a pass in hispossession. It is an offence if an African left his pass in his coat which is six feetaway from him. If an African cannot produce his pass on demand by the police hewill be convicted and even if he tells the police that the pass is in his coat which isbeyond six feet away from him he will be arrested and convicted and fined from£3. 0. 0 to £6. 0. 0 or 14 days to one month in jail.Mr. Reinhardt Maekopo headman of the Otjituuo Native Reserve and aprominent member of Chief Hoseats Council was assaulted by a European farmeron the 24th December 1960, at his house. The European farmer came into thereserve armed with a rifle and said to Mr. Maekopo; "You and Hosea are thepeople who report our doings to the United Nations." He (farmer) struck Mr.Maekopo in the face. Africans who were present prevented the fight and tookaway his rifle. The matter was reported to the Grootfontein police. The Europeanfarmer never appeared in court. In our previous petitions and cables to the UnitedNations we reported the killings of Africans by Europeans in South West Africa.These murders have also been reported to the police in South 4est Africa. Up tonow no European has been punished for killing an African.The Situation in Ovamboland:The situation in Ovamboland is so explosive, that it is bound to have far reachingconsequences if the United Nations does not act in time. A police force hasalready been sent to that area. The Government is trying to suppress the politicalmovement in Ovamboland by placing political leaders in detention and byrefusing to renew their trading licences. The suppression of political movementsis carried in the territory...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 34School for the Ovambo tribe at Katutura:Although the Hereros and Ovambos are two sister tribes and have been

attending the same schools in harmony for years, the Government decided tobuild a school for the Ovambos at Katutura, so as to separate the Ovambos fromthe Hereros. This move is intended to bring about disunity and discord betweenthe two tribes, and to facilitate the implementation of Bantu Education.Bantu Education was to have been introduced into all African schools in SouthWest Africa in January 1961, but owing to strong opposition from the Africans, itwas postponed until in 1962.The object of Bantu Education is (a) to indoctrinate African children fromchildhood that Africans are inferior to Europeans, (b) that that inferiority is a Godcreated status which no man has the right to change.Dr. Verwoerd, the then Minister of Native Affairs in Union of South Africa in hisbook on Bantu Education Policy wrote in 1954, "By blindly producing pupilstrained on a European model, the vain hope was created among Natives that theycould occupy posts within the European community despite the country's policyof Apartheid. This is what is meant by the creation of unhealthy white colour"ideals" and the causation of widespread frustration among the so-called educatedNatives."When he introduced the Bantu Education Bill in the house of Assembly in 1953,Dr. Verwoerd said that when he had control of Native Education he would reformit so that Natives would be taught from childhood to realize that equality with theEuropeans was not for them.In the light of statements made by Dr. Verwoerd, former Minister of NativeAffairs in the Union of South Africa which form the basis of Bantu Education; weappeal to the United Nations to place Zouth Uest Africa under the United Nationsso as to prevent the entry of Bantu Education into the territory.Health:The death rate among the Africans in South West Africa is still very high owingto the shortage of Medical doctors. When the Africans asked the Government toprovide doctors the Government replied that it could not obtain doctors. it addedthat the Government gets Medical Doctors only from certain

AIAC. 73/4EnglishPage 35selected countries. The Government is of course indifferent to the health of theAfricans. Such a Government is unsuited to continue as a Mandatory Power.Corridor:The desputed Corridor (the area between Aminius Native Reserve andBechuanaland) is now inhabited by Europeans without consultation with theAfricans although it was proclaimed as part of Aminius Native Reserve.Arms:A dangerous situation exists in South West Africa owing to the fact that theEuropeans are armed while the Africans are unarmed. This resulted in theAfricans being shot and killed by Europeans such as the Africans who were killedby Europeans recently of whom we informed the United Nations by cable.

.We request the United Nations to disarm all the inhabitants of South West Africa,and remove all Union Government forces from South T'est Africa immediately.These forces are a great danger to the Africans. The real object to these forcesbeing stationed here is to suppress Africans.Visit of United Nations Commission:The visit of the United Nations Committee to South WIest Africa was refusedpermission to visit South West Africa, because the Union Government feared thatthe Commission might see the shocking and shameful conditions under which theAfricans are compelled to live. It also feared that the Commission might see theUnion Government forces which are stationed in a Mandated territory.Finally we ask the United Nations to protect the Africans in South West Africawhile the case is pending at the International Court of Justice. Europeans in thecountry say that they will exterminate the Africans before the United Nations takeover the country. 1That they say is being done, judging from the many Africansthey kill in the country.1. (Signed) Hosea KutakoChief Hosea Kutako2. (Signed) Samuel WitbooiChief Samuel Witbcoi3. S.7. African People's OrganizationI...

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 36Enclosure 2Extract from the " indhoek Advertiser"Dated 21 January 1961SEVENTEEN TO FACE CHARGESEQUEL TO RIOTSSeventeen of the non-Europeans who took part in the 10th of December riots in1959, when 11 non-Europeans lost their lives after the police had been forced toopen fire on the screaming, stoning mobs in the location, are to be charged it the -indhoek Magistrates' Court with public violence.It was learnt from reliable sources yesterday that the Attorney-General had giveninstructions for their prosecution, but no further information could be obtainedabout the date on which they will appear in Court.The date will only be available once the indictments have been drawn up, and theaccused persons summoned.12. Petition, by letter dated 18 March 1961, from the Secretary, South WestAfrica Peoples Organization, Yindhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretaryGeneral71e appeal to the United Nations and the whole world to take over South WestAfrica before the Union of South Africa becomes a republic outside theCommonwealth.The news that the Government of the Union of 'outh Africa decided to

withdraw its application for membership into the Commonwealth of Nations camejust as we expected. This can be described as a very good example of thedetermination of the South African Government not to change its policy ofAPARTHEID in South Africa and South West Africa and to continue to exploitthe African peoples even more than before.There is no more doubt that this Government will now try everything in its powerto exterminate the African people entirely. It is now up to the world to rescue theAfrican people of South West Africa who are International wards, from the handsof the Union Government.I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 37The mandate over South W7est Africa has been originally entrusted to HerBritanic Majesty and to be administered by the Government of the Union of SouthAfrica on her behalf - and even so, while the Union Government ws under theshadow of the Commonwealth of Nations it went to an extent of pr cticingApartheid, shQotings and treating the African people in an inhuman way in anInternational territory. Now as this Government has decided to glt out of theCommonwealth and if South West Africa is left in its hands, what ould one stillexpect from its administration over South West Africa? Surely, this presentilltreatment upon the African people will be replaced by a Nation Wideextermination of the African people of the mandated Territory of So~th WestAfrica.Now is the last chance for the United Nations to take over South\West Africa andto place it under its Trusteeship system before it is too late.The firm stand adopted by the Commonwealth Prime Ministers is a cl ar evidencethat they really want real democracy to be enjoyed equally by all human beingsand this should carry the strongest support of the whole wor d by takingimmediate action to bring an end to the administration of the Unio of South Africaover the Mandated Territory of South Test Africa before the 11frican people havebeen ccmpletely wiped off. The United Nation's presence to b.sent immediately toSouth U(est Africa before May 31, 1961 to protect the lives the African people ismost essential.(Signed) illegibleSECRETARY FOR SWAPO13. Petition, by letter dated 19 March 1961, from Mr. B. Bode,. Otavi, SouthWest Africa, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West AfricaI have just read the statements made by the petitioners from South West Africaand as these are so completely contrary to actual facts, I would be grateful if youcould inform me, whether persons appearing before your Committee as witnessesare placed under oath.If this should be the case, I can assure you that every one of thepetitioners is committing perjury of the most primitive kind.I.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 38You may rest assured that our Bantu people are not subjected either tophysical or mental cruelty of any kind and that those who come into conflict-withthe law are treat d no differently than they would be in any other country andcertainly better san in Ghana, Nigeria or the'Congo.Disturbances ever occurred in our country until the naive Rev. Scott allowed hisimagation to run away with his feelings and, by his agitation, encouraged theB~ntu to revolt against the paternal authority exercised over them. /The Bantu $ill require at least another generation to bridge the gap between theirprimitiv/ culture and the requirements of present day life, but I can assure you thattrem ndous efforts are being made to help them to rise to the cultural level of thehites. In fact I am convinced that they will have achieved cultural equality wiEurope when the subjects of the other African states are still struggling alongunder the incompetent rule of dictatorial and highly privileged upper clqdses as isthe case in Liberia and Ethiopia - or they will have turned communisi.You may also be certain that the whites in South West Africa fully realise their mrIal responsibilities and would be the first to object to any action by ourGovernment of which we as a people would be ashamed.I/fully agree with our Government's policy of not allowing outsideinterierence to jeapardise the steady progress which is being made under theexperienced guidance of our Bantu Affairs Department.I also sincerely hope that those politically mature countries upon whom thewestern world must rely for protection against the threat of communism will soonrealise the devastating consequences of their pandering to the political"ducktailism" of the new "adolescent" states.Thanking you in anticipation.(Signed) Bruno BodeP.S. I am a farmer and am in no way connected with the Government or any otherorganisation.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 3914. Petition, by letter dated 17 April 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako, ChiefSamuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization, Winfhcik, 'South WestAfrica, to the Secretary-GeneralOn 31st March 1961, there was a tribal meeting in Ovamboland at Oukuanjama,under the auspices of the South West Africa Peoples Organization (SWAPO).The Native Commissioner at Oukuanjama appeared at the meeting without beinginvited and told the meeting to disperse. The people refused to disperse. Later twoAdvisory Board men appeared (Africans) there and joined the NativeCommissioner. The chairman, a Mr. Eliezer Tuhandeleni pleaded that they shouldleave the meeting in peace and go away. On his request the Commissioner

reluctantly left the meeting and immediately after his departure police armed withsub-machine guns appeared on the scene and man-handled the people at thegathering. There were no shootings.African houses in Ovamboland are being constantly searched for arml andmunitions. There are regular police force movements in Ovamboland. A largeforce of police who have come from all parts of the territory is in this areadeployed everywhere.We regard this as a threat to peace in that area and in the whole of the territory,and also a danger to the inhabitants of South West Africa.On 29 March, 1961, two Europeans, Le Gransies, of farm Hatzion No. 2 chased ayoung African employee with their motorcar and overrcde him to the ground.While the African was lying on the ground the farmers got ctt of the car and gotthe man by his leg. One of the farmers rode over his right leg with the wheel ofhis motorcar while the other European held his other leg away from the other.They fastened his arms behind his back. One of the farmers gripped the Africanby the neck pressed his face to the ground saying, "I gave my blood for thiscountry and now, I demand it from you, don't you know that I kill hotnots, whereis Samuel Beukes?"This matter was reported to the police at Gideon.On 12th April, 1961, the municipal police were sent out by the Superintendent ofLocations to tell the inhabitants of the old Location (Hereros and Namas) thattheir houses at Katutura have been ccmpleted and that they must move there to

A/AC. 73/ 4EnglishPage 40occupy those houses, as they cannot remain empty. The people are stilldetermined not to move to Katutura.This is intimidation exercised to move the people to Katutura.(Signed) Hosea KutakoSamuel WitbooiSWAPO15. Petition. by letter dated 17 April 1961, from Mr. Robert Jones. President,Student Senate. Colgate University. New York. to the Secretary-GeneralThe following is taken frcm the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adoptedby the United Nations:"Whereas, the development and maintenance of human dignity and of equaland inalienable rights of all human beings is necessary to a world offreedom, justice, and peace;Whereas, all men are born free and equal in dignity and rights;Whereas, all men have the right to life, liberty, and the security ofperson, and shall not be held in )slavery or servitude;i Whereas, every individual has the right to be recognized as a personbefore the law and to be protected by that law;Whereas, all men have the right to freedcm of thought, conscience,religion, assembly, and association;

Whereas, all men have the right to take part in the government of theirccuntry, to participate in the public service of their country, and to selectthe government of their country;Whereas, all men have the right to work, to choose their work, and toproper conditions of work;Whereas, all men have the right to proper living standards with regardto health, shelter, clothing, medical care, social services, and education; andWhereas, the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmedtheir faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of thehuman person, and in the equal rights of men and wcmen, and have determined topromote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom."In the light of the violations by the Union of South Africa of theLnternational responsibilities under the mandate of the League of Nations, and theI...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 41Union's refusal to accept the responsibilities of Trusteeship under the UnitedNations, we, of the Student Senate of Colgate University in Hamilton, New York,representing the undergraduate body, urge the United Nationsilr-eccord with itsbeliefs as stated in its Charter and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,to take immediate action to grant to the people of South-West Africaselfgovernment under the United Nations supervision.(Signed) Robert Jones, President16. Petition. by cablegram received on 7 June 1961, from Mr. Sam Nujoma,President,and Mr. Louis Nelengani, Vice-President, South West Africa PeoplesOrganization, Cairo. to Chairman of the Committee on South West AfricaMORE THAN T,O HUNDRED PERSONS .RRESTED STOP SITUATIONREMAIN CRITICAL REQUIRE IMMEDIATE UNITED NATIONSINTERVENTION STOP URGE CC YIITTEE EXRCISE ITS RIGHTS TOENTER S.W. AFRICASAM NUJCMA PRESIDENT SWAPOLOUIS NELENGANI VICE PRESIDENT5 AEMAD HISMAT ST. SOUTH AFRICANOFFICE CAIRO17. Petition. by letter dated 1 August 1961, from the South West African Unit dNational Independence Organization and Chief H.S. Witbooi. Mariental. SouthWest Africa, to the Secretary-General and the Committee on South West AfricaP E T I T I 0 N.We beg to submit our Petition to the UNO once more. And we request all themembers of the UNO to take these petitions as serious as you can intoconsideration. TREATMENTWe, the indigenous inhabitants of the SWA Mandate are living in a very cruel orinhuman position.

Jre are the most hated creatures by our white brethren. Unbearable (apartheid)laws of segregation are passed on through which we must live. We are treatedwith inferiority throughout.Now and then, we are terrified by the armed police troops. Even ournon-European ministers of religion were surrounded by these armed PoliceForces. W,.e are kept in a very terrible position. How can one enjoy life asprescribed by the UNO, when at any time our death may ccme.

A/AC .73/4,EnglishPage 42We have no voice at all as far as the Law is concerned through which we have toplead. Inw* ad of helping the poor and unarmed non-Europeans, they areconsidered as communists and are banned by our Administration. HousingschemeIn every town the Nationalist Government are busy to build locations for us, butwithout consulting the non-Europeans. And afterwards the poor people areusually forced to occupy these houses and to pay that high rent which we are notable to pay. And if someone give reasons for his or her refusal then thegovernment is ready to shed blood.Discriminative Pass-LawsThe Pass-Laws are prohibiting us to move freely in our fatherland. Even peoplewho are exempted from the pass-Laws are arrested and fined.Every mcnth the police men are making investigations about the pass. Youhave to carry a pass from house to house. The non-Europeans have no right tovisit their Chief and he has no privilege to visit his people and to address them.We ask the UNO to take over the Administration over South West Africa so thatthe inhabitants may enjoy freedom with all races on earth.1. S.W.A.U.N.I.O.Indigenous inhabitants SWA.2. Chief(Signed) H.S. WitbooiEDUCATIONThe education of the inhabitants of South West Africa is neglected a great dealand it is sad that the Administration who is responsible is a derisive laughter at thenon-European illiteracy.It is to such Administration the certain A.M.E. Church applied for therecognition of their schools. The Church now waits for the period of 13 years onthe recognition of their schools. It means that we are deprived our educationalrights.Moreover, the people are prohibited to attend schools in the Union of SouthAfrica and elsewhere, while the Europeans have all rights and facilities.I...J ;

A/AC .73/4

EnglishPage 43It must be understood that the present Administration is enslaving our non-European people in South West Africa.Therefore we refer the United Nations Assembly to the Human Righ-s6 compiledby the UNO in Paris on 10th December 1948.We hereby apply also for financial help for the education of our people andteachers.The South African Government cannot be held responsible for the Administrationover South West Africa.It is our earnest request that the Mandate of South West Africa be placed underthe direct control and Administration by the United Nations Organization.We ask that Revd. Marcus Cooper be recognized as the representative of theSouth West Africa United National Independence Organization.We regret that the Committee on South West Africa could not be able to enterSouth West Africa.1. The South West Africa United National Independence Organization2. (Signed) H.S. Witbooi18. Petition, by letter dated 12 August 1961 from Mrs. A.R. Salt Otjwarongo,South West Africa, to the Chairman, United Nations OrganizationSome time ago I read in our local papers, that your Committee while inRhodesia, was approached and heard evidence from a woman, who has been anurse in this country. In her evidence she quoted, that the starvation amongstAfrican children was 99 - if not 100 percent. I feel that this is throwing a ratherbad light on us all, and I would like to rectify this unfairness. To prove this, I hadsome snap shots taken when all we farmers, - we are farming in this country since1920 - took the children of our African workmen to town, for the Anti-PolioCampaign. On snap No. 1 you can see for yourself, there are 3 Hererowomen with5 children each, the smallest carried on the back. Two of these women areexpecting their 6th child. All three women are of a farm belonging to a Germanneighbour of ours, while children of snap No. 2 are of our own workmen.i/1/ Five snapshots were enclosed with the letter, and are available for /...reference in the files of the Secretariat.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 44Please forgive me for taking up your valuable time, but I feel, that these wildstatements should be corrected. I would be pleased to hear, if you received myletter with the inclosure.(Signed) A.R. Salt19. Petition, by letter--3ated .17 August 1961, from Chief H.S.Witbooi, ActingChief A. Thomas and others, South West Africa United National IndependenceOrganization, Keetmanshoop, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralPETITION

The United Nations General Assembly, Committee on South West Africa andTrusteeship Council - respected authorities - ever since the former League ofNations entrusted the mandate to the Government of South Africa on 17December 1920, the administration of this Government has been odious, and wetherefore appeal in all earnestness to the United Nations General Assembly togive this matter its undivided attention.The following are the matters which induce us to seek aid.HUMAN PRIVILEGES1. Although we are the indigenous inhabitants of this Mandated Territory ofSouth West Africa, we do not enjoy any human privileges. The situation is suchthat we cannot take a step without a permit, which is referred to as a pass. This isrequired even for a corpse.EDUCATION2. The Government of South Africa declares at every session of the UnitedNationsthat we, the indigenous inhabitants, are incapable of being educated. W'hose faultis this, since the South African Government denies this to us, the indigenousinhabitants, and takes it away from us and makes us unskilledinstruments?MINERAL RESCURCES3. We have no share in these and are entitled to nothing. The South AfricanGovernment alienates us frcm our mineral wealth and everything which itcontains. The Government exposes us, the indigenous inhabitants, to every mostdangerous system.1/ Original in AfrikaansI I I C

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 45TREATMENT4. Our treatment here in South West Africa is worse than bad. Here in hospitalwe are treated with medicines of a kind which the Whites even spit from theirmouths. In the treatment of tuberculosis, this is even worse, for when people askfor better treatment, they are turned over by the Superintendent of the Hospital tothe Police, to be beaten. On August 12, this was the same case; when the peopleasked for better treatment, the Superintendent turned them over to the Police to bebeaten, and this almost caused a riot. From whom must we seek help when thishappens? Is there no help for us from the United Nations? If the United Nationsdoes not help us in this regard, then who will? We therefore most earnestly askthat attention be given to the testimony which Mrs. Appolus supplied to theUnited Nations Committee on South West Africa in Tanganyika.What does the United Nations propose to do with regard to such an unjustoppressor as the South African Government, the mandatory? Is the UnitedNations waiting until the South African Government exterminates the indigenous

inhabitants? What scale of values is the United Nations waiting for? What betteralternative is it awaiting?We earnestly appeal to the United Nations to give the most serious attention to thereport which the Committee on South West Africa is to submit to the UnitedNations. We have seen the cbvious manner in which the United Kingdomsupports the South African Government by refusing to grant visas.On 12 and 13 October, twenty-seven deruties attended the Tribal Assembly, atwhich the honorable Chairman of the Committee was asked on behalf of Mr. J. J.v.d. Wath, to place South West Africa under trusteeship. We make the samerequest of the United Nations.(Signed) H. S. Witbooi, Chief(Signed) A. Thomas, Acting Chief(Signed) H. Classen, Counsel(Signed) J. D. Gertze, President of South West African UNI Organization(Signed) Isaak Paul(Signed) Hans Hendrik(Signed) Willem Plaatjies(Signed) Johannes Stewe

A/AC. 73/14EnglishPage 4620. Petition, by letter dated 25 August 1961, from Mr. Sedekia Ngavirue andMr. Nathanael Mbaeva, Representatives of the South West Africa NationalUnion, Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika. to the Committee on South West AfricaWe followed with great interest your moves since you left Dar es Salaam. Wenoted with appreciation the job you did in Cairo as well as the cable that you sentfrom there. However we regret the absence of a positive action on the part of theUnited Nations.Trusting that you are now working hard on the means whereby the U. N.General Assembly will be made to realize the urgency of the case of South WestAfrica, we have only to re-emphasize how grave the situation is:It is reported that the joint police and military forces which were postedat the South West Africa Bechuanaland border to bar you from entering theterritory have now been withdrawn only to divert their aggression to the innocentAfricans. Reports are reaching us here that those intimidating and provocativepolice are raiding and arresting Africans on a national scale. Residents of theKlein-Windhoek Location have been removed during this state of insecurity toKatutura.THIS EXPLOSIVE SITUATION CAN ONLY BE REMEDIED BY THEPRESENCE OF A U.N.POLICE FORCE IN THE MANDATED TERRITORY.WE DEMAND THAT THE SOUTH AFRICAN ADMINISTRATION OVERSOUTH WEST AFRICA BE REVOKED IYMDIATELY AD THAT SOUTHWEST AFRICA BE GRANTED FULL INDEPENDENCE.

Zedekia Ngavirue: (Signed) Z. Ngavirue Nathanael Mbaeva: (Signed) N. MbaevaREPRESENTATIVES OF TEE SOUTH WEST AFRICA NATIONALUNION21. Petition. by letter dated 23 August 1961, and enclosures from Chief HeseaKutako and Chief Samuel Witbooi. South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek. South West Africa. to the Secretary-GeneralThe situation in South West Africa is grave and can lead to war. We areconvinced that only United Nations intervention will save the situation.A young man named Mbirijoro Uerimunga was taken by the SuperintendentMr. Van Zyl, at Ohopuho, Ckaokoveld Native Reserve. His whereabouts is notknown. He must have been sold or murdered by the Superintendent. We ask theUnited Nations to tell the South African Republic to investigate the matter andreport to the United Nations immediately.

A /AC .73/4EnglishPage 47Fear:Africans are living in a state of fear as a result of the presence of troops from theSouth African Republic, threatening forcible removals, deportations and policeraids. Armed trocps are from time to time also staticned in Aminius NativeReserve and the Africans are not told what the troops are brought for. PoliceBrutality:Africans are cruelly treated and beaten up by the police. African homes are raidedday and night, and African men and women are made to stand sometimes naked,while their homes are being searched.These police raids take place at inconvenient hours sometimes when Africans arein beds.An armed police force was sent to the Herero Tribal Meeting at OtjineneNative Reserve on the 2nd August 1961, and questioned the leaders there what themeeting was about. The presence of this police force was one of the reasons whyChief Hosea Kutako called off the meeting. Journalists:Foreign journalists are not allowed to interview non-whites unless they areaccompanied by Government officials. Their rooms in the hotels are searched andtheir documents are seized by the police. The aim is to prevent information onconditions in the territory from reaching the outside world. Killing of Africans:Early this year we reported to the United Nations about Africans who were killedby Europeans. Up to now the Eurcpeans who killed the Africans have not yetbeen charged.17 Innocent Africans charged:Last year the General Assembly of the United Nations passed a resolutionordering the South African Republic to punish the officials and the police whowere responsible for the death of 12 Africans and wounding more than 40Africans on the 1Cth December, 1959. The South African Republic instead ofpunishing these officials, charged 17 innocent Africans and they are now beingtried.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 48The maintenance of the orphans, widows and the wounded as a result of theshooting by the police and troops is being borne by the Africans themselves. £500has been raised and distributed among them.Money for the defence of those who are being tried is also borne by theAfricans themselves. £300 so far has been raised and paid for the defence of theaccused.Africans disposed of their lands:Some lands in the Okaokoveld Native Reserve which originally belonged to theAfricans have been taken away from them and have been sold to Europeanfarmers and some of them (lands) have been reserved for European settlements.If African livestock have strayed into these lands, such livestock are shot by thepolice. Owners of these animals are not compensated for the loss of their stock.The inhabitants asked for the return of their lands but the Government refuses.The inhabitants of the Aminuis Native Reserve have been disposed of their land -Corridor between Aminuis Native Reserve and Bechuanaland Protectorates and ithas been given to European farmers. The Europeans who live in the Corridorshoot the livestock of the Africans who stray into the Corridor. They sometimesdrive the livestock into the kraals and do not give them water with the result thatthey die of starvation. They do not inform the owners that their livestock is in theCorridor and that they should come and fetch them.Some land has been taken away from the Waterberg East Native Reserve and hasbeen sold to European farmers.Some land has also been taken away from the Otjituuo Native Reserve and hasbeen sold to European farmers.Restrictions of Movements:The pass laws which restrict the movements of Africans have been intensified. AnAfrican is not allowed to travel frcm one place to another unless he is inpossession of a pass (Travelling Pass) which is very difficult to obtain. AnAfrican has to have more than nine different passes....

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 49They are:(a) Travelling Pass(b) Night Pass(c) Service Contract Pass(d) Hut Tax Pass (e) Burial Pass(f) Pass to seek work(g) Visitors Permit(h) Permit to be in the proclaimed area for the purpose other than seeking

work(i) Certificate of RegistrationThese many passes have placed the Africans on the level of slaves. Divide andRule:The Government creates disunity among the African tribes by preventing themfrom holding joint meetings although they have common problems. Education:The standard of Education for Africans is extremely low. In addition to theeducation being low the schools for Africans are far too few. The result is thatabout 80 per cent of African children of school going age do not attend schools.To make matters worse the Government decided to introduce Bantu EducationSouth West Africa under another name, "Geamendeerde Leerplan" AmendedSyllabus which object it is to teach the Africans from the childhood that they areinferior to Europeans. There are no universities and technical schools.A disappointing thing is that Africans are not allowed to leave the country forfurther studies.There are no schools of any kind in the Okaokoveld Native Reserve. LivingConditions:While the standard of living of the Europeans is very high, the Africans are livingin grinding poverty. There are legalized limitations in respect to wages forAfricans.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 50There are no markets for the livestock, milk, butter, skins and otherproducts in Okaokoveld Native Reserve. The result is that the inhabitants are verypoor.The inhabitants of Okaokoveld Native Reserve are not allowed to come into thepolice zone to seek work except on contract in which case they are first taken toOvamboland from where they come to the police zone as Ovambos. Health:Health services are still the same as was reported in previous petitions theAfricans die from minor illnesses on account of the shortage of doctors.Infant mortality among Africans is very high.In the Okaokoveld Native Reserve there are missionaries of the DutchReformed Church who give medicine to the people but they do not give medicineto the Africans who do not belong to the Dutch Reformed Church.The inhabitants have been asking the Government for many years to provideDoctors but up to now the Government has not yet granted their request. Theresult is that the death rate in the Okaokoveld is very high. The T.B. Hospital atKub:There is a T. B. Hospital at Kub in South West Africa. The full address is: "StaatsNedersetting" (State Settlement) Kub via Kalkrand, South West Africa. The T. B.patients there complain that they are given hard work to do as if they were healthypeople.They work every day. Their work consists of planting, sowing, painting

houses, chopping wood, sawing wood, polishing floors and sweeping the rooms.The women patients do washings and ironing.They start work in the morning at 9 o'clock a.m. until 12.30 p.m. They start againin the afternoon at 5 o'clock p.m. until 5 o'clock p.m.Their wages range from 12/6 to 13/6 per month. Before the T.B. patients are sentto Kub for treatment, they are told that they are going to do light work voluntarilybut when they get to Kub they are compelled to work. They are told that theyhave to work so as to pay for the treatment. When the T.B. petients complain ofhard work they are told that they are ungrateful to the Government. When thepatients die there the bodies are wrapped in sacks, the Government dces notprovide coffins.I...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 51The British Government:We were greatly disappointed by the action of the British Government in sidingwith the South African Republic for refusing visas to members of the UnitedNations Committee on South West Africa to enter Bechuanaland in order to cometo South West Africa. The British Government said that the members of theCommittee should come to South West Africa with the approval of the SouthAfrican Republic. The South African Republic requested the British Governmentto prevent the entry of UNO Committee into Bechuanaland and the BritishGovernment acceded to that request. The British Government wanted theapproval of the South African Republic which is criminal on account of herrecord of suppressing and denying human rights to the non-whites.Where on earth can criminals agree to the investigation of their crimes? Crimesmust be investigated without the consent of the criminals.We commended the decision of the United Nations to send UNO investigatingCommittee to South West Africa but we were bitterly disappointed that theCommittee were unable to enter South West Africa.Our view is that although the Committee was determined to come to SouthWest Africa they vere not given the necessary power and protection to enter theterritory.The Committee was prevented by force from entering the territory. It is ourearnest hope that the United Nations will this time send the Committee with thenecessary power so that it can implement the decision of the General Assembly.We totally reject the proposal made by the South African Republic that a personof international standing should be appointed by the United Nations and SouthAfrican Republic who will investigate the allegations that the situation here is athreat to international peace and security.Our view is that such a person will be one sided favouring the South AfricanRepublic such as the Good Officers Committee of the United Nations which sidedwith the South African Republic in 1958, and which suggested the partition ofSouth West Africa.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 52In conclusion we repeat that the situation in South West Africa is explosive andcan lead to war.We ask the United Nations to consider the gravity of the situation and to intervenewithout delay.1. (signed) Hosea Kutako2. (signed) Samuel Witbooi3. South West Arrican Peoples OrganizationChief Hosea KutakoP.O. Box 1034Windhoek, S.W.A.17th July, 1961The Right Hon. Harold Macmillan The British Prime Minister No. 10 DowningStreet London, EnglandDear Sir,The suspension by the British Government of visas for the United NationsCommittee on South West Africa to enter Bechuanaland came as a great shock tomany Africans in the territory and on the whole continent. While the UnitedNations Committee on South West Africa attempts to enter the territory to findout what is meted out to the Africans in this international territory, Britain was thefirst major power that has come out to jeopardize the mission of this Committee.We may claim that we are international wards for whom the British Governmentis also responsible. As such it is the duty of the British Government to see to itthat such a resolution as was passed by the United Nations General Assemblywith an overwhelming majority is carried out. It is a disappointing thing for us tosee that the British Government is dealing cold handedly with our case.When we go back to the early of South West Africa it is clear that successiveBritish Governments failed to fulfil their obligations towards the Africans in theterritory. Britain failed to protect the Africans from other colonial powers aftersuch an agreement was concluded with the late Chief Maharero of the Hereros in1876.

A/Ac .73/4Engli shPage 53In 1876, Commissioner W. C. Palgrave, was sent into South West Africa tointerview African chiefs about British protection. They were very ready andprotection agreements were concluded. The protection agreement drew up byMaharero read as follows: "We want to live at peace, with each other, and withour neighbours. We want to have our country kept for us. We want to see ourchildren grow up more civilized than we have been and so, after many meetingsamongst ourselves, we have agreed most humbly to ask that Your Excellencysend some one to rule us, and be the head of our country. We also most humbly

ask that Your Excellency will everywhere make it known that the sea boundary toour country is in your possession, and that we have given you the right to suchground as may be required for its protection, as well as for the building of townsand villages in the vicinity of all landing places."But in 1904, when Germany attacked the Hereros, Britain did not even rulea finger to Irctect the Africans when it was asked to do so the reason being thatthe position could not be challenged and that to do so would involve Great Britainin war with Germany, a vague excuse indeed.In 1920, when the Principal Allied and Associated Powers won the First WorldWar against Germany, the British Government was given the Mandate over SouthWest Africa. Instead, Britain gave the Mandate to the Government of the Unionof South Africa. This (Union) Government was well known for its notoriouscolour policy. This is Britain's second sell-out of the Africans of South WestAfrica by Britain.At the United Nations in 1946, the British Government supported the UnionGovernment for its claim to annex South West Africa.In 1950, when the International Court of Justice gave its Advisory Opinion inregard to the international status of South West Africa, the British Judge againwas amongst those who voted against the ruling, cf course, not in all the clauses.In 1960, the British delegation did not support that part of the resolution whichsponsored the send of a United Nations Commission to South West Africa toinvestigate conditions in the territory - the reason given being the sub-judice nottaking into account the obstinacy of the South African Government which refusesto work with the United Nations to solve the prcblem of the status of the territory.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 54We are aware of the fact that it is because of the pressure from theSouth African Government that the British Government was induced to suspendvisas for the members of the UNO Committee on South West Africa barring themfrom entering Bechuanaland.It is quite legal the members of this Committee (UNO Committee) to enter SouthWest Africa from whatever country they cross the border even if the SouthAfrican Government has been refusing to let them in so as to see conditions forthemselves in the territory. The Committee has been charged by the GeneralAssembly to come to South West Africa without the co-operation of the SouthAfrican Government if necessary.The present action and the voting record at the United Nations indicate that theBritish Government has been and is still a great supporter of the South AfricanGovernment.The British Government is much concern about British money in South Africa.Though Britain i not supporting the policy of the South African Government, sheis supporting a ,overnmen which policy is contrary to any democracy and humandignity.

We appeal to the British people and all freedom and peace loving nations of theworld to do all they can to facilitate the United Nations Committee on South WestAfrica to enter the territory so as to investigate conditions in the territory.We hope that your Government may reconsider its action and restore the visas tothe members of this Committee to come and to complete its task in the territory.I am humbly yours,(Signed ) Hosea KutakoAdmiralty HouseWhitehall, S.W. 1August 4, 1961Dear Sir,The prime Minister has asked me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter to himof July 17 about the suspension by the United Kingdom Government of thefacilities which had been arranged by them for the proposed visit to BechuanalandProtectorate of the United Nations Committee on South West Africa.I...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 55When the United Nations Committee requested visas and facilities to visitBechuanaland, the visit was stated to be for the purpose of gathering information,especially from Herero residents in Bechuanaland originally from South WestAfrica and also from any South West Africans who might contact the Committee.The visas and facilities were granted on the understanding, which was made plainto the Chairman of the Committee that they were required for this purpose. TheUnited Kingdom Government went to considerable trouble to ensure that theCommittee would receive every facility in Bechuanaland for the purposedescribed, and the facilities which were in fact offered to them were such as toallow the Committee to do there all that they had said they intended to do.Unfoitunately certain statements on the part of members of the Committee inAccra gave rise to some doubt whether in fact the Committee really intended toconfine their activities in Bechuanaland to the interviewing of Hereros andrefugees and this compelled the United Kingdom Government to ask theChairman of the Committee for a definite assurance on this point. This assurancewas not given. In these circumstances the United Kingdom Government could notbe certain that the Committee did not intend, while in Bechuanaland, to attempt toenter South West Africa. Since the Administering Power had expressly refusedpermission for the Committee to enter South West Africa any such attempt wouldhave constituted an illegal action.The United Kingdom Government's action in suspending, in the absence of anyfirm assurance about the Committee's intentions, the visas and facilities offered,was based on their direct responsibility for the welfare of the inhabitants ofBechuanaland. The people and the economy of Bechuanaland are closelyinterdependent with those of the neighbouring territories and the United KingdomGovernment would not have been carrying out their responsibilities if they had

acquiesced in any activities which might have adversely affected the livelihoodand welfare of the people of the Protectorate.There is no substance in the suggestion that the United Kingdom Government'saction in this matter was in any way influenced by pressure from the Governmentof the Republic of South Africa. As stated above, the United KingdomGovernment's action was based entirely upon the consideration of the well-beingof the inhabitants of a territory for which they are themselves responsible.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 56The United Kingdom Government's offer to provide visas and facilities for theCommittee to visit Bechuanaland for the purpose they originally stated remainsopen.The Prime Minister does not consider that any useful end would be served bycommenting in detail on your account of the earlier history of South West Africa.It should be said, however, that the passage in your letter relating to events in1920 appears to have been written under a misapprehension. The Mandate was infact conferred upon the Government of the Union of South Africa and no specialrights or responsibilities in respect of South West Africa were conferred upon theUnited Kingdom Government at that time, nor was there any question oftransferring any such rights or responsibilities to the South African Government.The position of the United Kingdom in relation to South West Africa differs in noway from that of any other member of the United Nations which was also apermanent member of the League of Nations.The views of the United Kingdom Government upon the policies of theSoutl African Government in racial matters are well known and have been madeclear on many occasions, not least by the Prime Minister in his speech in theSouth African Parliament on February 5, 1960. The Prime Minister therefore isquite unable to accept the implication in your letter that the United KingdomGovernment's action over the facilities for the United Nations Committee hasbeen in any way due to a desire to support the racial policies of the South AfricanGovernment.Yours truly,(signature not clear)Chief Hosea Kutako. (Signed)

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 57Chief Hosea KutakoP.O. Box 1034Windhoek, S.W.A.8th Aug. 1961Mr. S. DavisSapas Correspondent

WindhoekDear Sir,I received your letter of the 7th August 1961. In reply to your first question;- 1."What is meant by critical situation in South West Africa?"1. The continued denial of political rights to the Africans who constitute 90 percent of the population makes the situation critical.2. The presence of troops in a Mandated territory which the South AfricanRepublic usually uses to suppress the Africans had made the situation criticalamong the defenceless Africans. These troops were brought to South West Africawithout the consent of the African people.3. The African people are faced with the most critical situation the removal toKatutura by force and they are also rrevented from building houses for themselvesin the old Location.It is the intention of the Government to remove all the Africans Locations inSouth West Africa against their will to new segregated Locations.4. An armed police force in five trucks (motor trucks) was sent toEpukiro Native Reserve on August the 1st 1961 and it proceeded to the HereroTribal Meeting which took place at Otjinene on the 2nd August 1961.2. Question: I was physically indisposed that was why I was not present at themeeting.Yours faithfully,(Signed) Hosea Kutako

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 58S. DAVISPRESS CORRESPONDENT - ADVERTISING CONSULTAhT:P. 0. Box 117WINDHOEK, S.W.A.7TH AUGUST, 1961MEMO TO:CHIEF HOSEA KUTAKO FROM:WINDHOEK. S. Davis-South African PressAssociation.With reference to the copy of the telegram despatched to the Secretary-General,United Nations, New York, I shall be glad if you will kindly let me have answersin writing to the following questions:1. "What is meant by 'Critical situation in South West Africa'"I?2. Is there any special reason why you are not at the Herero Tribal gathering ofHeadmen presently taking place at Epukiro Reserve?(Signed) S. Davis.22. Petition, by letter dated 7 September 1961, from Mr. E. E. Mbumba, SouthWest Africa Peoples Organization, Luderitz, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General

My Peoples demand to apply to you for: (1) That in the half of my Peoples, thatis, Hereros, Damars, Ovamdos, Namas, Fist, (1) end the S. A. Government in ourTerritory. (2) an Election this Year, the righten of Cur Petitioners at UNO, NewYork. Independence not later than 1963. There is no more peace here in SouthWest Africa. Pleace pay an attention to those petitioners at UNO GeneralAssembly on the 19th September. We are not demand to South West Africa. Butto all Africa State, such as, Angola, Algeria, Kenya, Rhcdesias, SA, Uganda.These Africa State must get Self Government by 1962. The second, we demandthe righten of Our SWAPO, Saving Bank Book, Application form, MembershipCards, which was taken frcm our Office by The South Africa Police on the date of3rd May 1961. Our hope is In the Resolution of 18th December 1960 and theResolution of 7th March 1961.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 59This Year we would like to send this Petitioners, that is Messrs. Herman ja Toivo,Chief Hosea Kutako and Samuel Witboiiy.Long live Independence of South West Africa, 1962.Long live Dag Hammarskjold. Long live Africa.Yours in Suggle,Erasmus ja Erastus Mbumba(Signed) E. E. MBUMBA23. Petition, by undated letter, from Mr. J. Swartbooi and Chief. H.S. Witbooi,Maltahohe, South West Africa, 1/to the Secretary-GeneralPETITION TO THE UNITED NATIONS FROM THE INHABITAITS OFMALTAHOHE, SOUTH WEST AFRICAThe following is the petition from the inhabitants of Maltahohe, SouthWest Africa, a little village in the west of the Territory of South West Africa. Thisis supported by the chiefs WITBOOI and KUTAKO and also by the new politicalbody SWAUNIO, which was recently established.1. Pass laws. The non-White inhabitants of the Mandated Territory of SouthWest Africa are almost daily experiencing difficulties with the various pass lawsin general. The situation is such that even women and children from the age offourteen years onwards are being arrested because of the passes and are beingpunished by fines up to R 8.00 and imprisonment for terms of thirty days. There isno prospect of any relief from the pass laws so long as the Rejublic of SouthAfrica has jurisdiction over the Territory. Even the so-called exemptioncertificates which must be carried by teachers and clergymen are so limited that aperson experiences difficulties in travelling with them. The many pass laws whichhave been made applicable to the non-Whites deprive us of all freedom ofmovement. (This does not affect the Coloured people). The South African Policeand the Special Division of the Investigation Service are almost daily stopping thenon-Whites and without any reason searching them even for their ownamusement.2. Education. The education of the non-Whites is generally so low in

quality that the children are used as skilful boys as soon as they can understand1/ Original in Afrikaans

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 60anything at all. For the past fifteen years, a particular group of people have beenwilfully denied education simply because they left an established White-Churchdenomination. All requests in this connexion have so far fallen upon deaf ears. Inaddition, the Republic is attempting to impose the Bantu system of educationupon us.3. Advancement. It is asserted that the advancement of the non-Whites(Coloureds excepted) cannot be effected in any other manner than through aBantu Education Act and the so-called Tribal Fund. These are the appropriateinstruments for driving the non-Whites apart so that they will be unable to act onbehalf of their common interests.4. Wages. The wages of the ordinary non-White range between R 3.0 - R 5.00 onthe average per month, and the workers on the farms are even worse off.5. Assault. This is an ordinary occurrence, especially on the farmsagainst the shepherds, and the South African Police are helpful to the farmers inthis regard. In the villages, the municipal and village authorities drive out theinhabitants of the Locations for minor acts of negligence or a delay of one monthin paying their taxes. In the Reserves, old persons must sometimes walk abouthungry, and nothing is done to remedy the situation resulting from the prevailingdrought.6. Apartheid. This is very strictly applied, and the fines on this account are high.All these reasons and others besides have made it necessary to send thispetition to you, and you are very earnestly asked to give your undivided attentionto the case of South West Africa so that during this year's session of the UnitedNations an urgent decision will be taken and the administration of the MandatedTerritory of South West Africa will be taken away from the Republic of SouthAfrica. This is a very serious request and, in addition, represents the generalopinion of the non-White inhabitants of the Territory as a whole; otherwise therewill be chaos and bloodshed, and the non-Whites will gradually vanish. Theadherents of SWAUNIO and the inhabitants of the Territory as a whole requestthe highly respected NATIONS to allow petitioners such as M. Kocper, M. Scott,Kerina, Kozonguizi, Nujoma and others to speak on behalf of the non-Whites ofSouth West Africa in the United Nations Committees.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 61Gentlemen, take the decision this year - otherwise the non-Whites in the Territorywill perish - and place the administration of the Territory under the trusteeship ofthe United Nations until such time as the inhabitants of the Territory become

independent and, when this becomes necessary, send you another request. NOTLATER THAN THIS YEAR!On behalf of those who long for freedom, (Signed) J. SwartbooiCo-Signer (Signed) H. S. WitbooiCHIEF24. Petition, by letter dated 11 September 1961, from Mr. P.J. Steyn, Sannieshof,Western Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralBecause it is very clear to me that your world organization pays attention only toletters and other evidence directed towards the slandering and adverse criticisingof my country and my government, I doubt whether this letter will get any furtherthan the first office in your building.Seeing that so many unauthorised persons have succeeded in giving evidence toyou on their own initiative, I also claim the right to do the same.I would like to draw your attention especially to the evidence submitted to thecommittee for South West Africa. In the first place you must keep in mind that allthe evidence submitted was obtained from political refugees. Which country inthe world is there, that is in the enviable position of not having political refugees?,or at least political adversaries?You know better than anyone else what stupendous political awakening there hasbeen amongst the coloured races of Africa. Do you also realize that many of theaspiring leaders of the liberty movements, have been encouraged and even trainedby countries, hostile to the Republic of South Africa, but at the same time,countries that have frequently displayed their communist sympathies andinclinations? However, I don't want to enlarge upon the Western policy in Africa.The committee that visited Ghana, Bechuanaland and others, had only theevidence of about twenty political refugees to go upon, they were willing to basetheir conclusions on that, while the statements of my country and its officials,

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 62were completely disregarded. The committee was prepared to call for anemergency session of U.N.O. in order to declare that the situaticn in Scuth WestAfrica is explosive, that an armed uprising is imminent, and other such rubbish.Would it be of any avail if I declare here solemnly, that for every single personwho made similar declarations to your committee, I could find scores who couldprove the opposite?Would you believe me if I declare that the inhabitants of South West Africa, areall mcre prosperous and more satisfied than the average inhabitant of mycountry's critics, viz. India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Ghana and other, in some of whichthere is severe discrimination on grounds of colour, religion and language?I cordially invite any impartial member of your Organization to visit me privately,and I shall ask the permission of my Government to take such a person to anyplace which he may choose to see, so that he can reach his own conclusions, andsubmit his impartial evidence' to you.I request that my letter be distributed amongst all members in U.N.O.

(Signed) P. J. Steyn16-725. Petition, by telegram received on 21 September 1961, from Chief HoseaKutako,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralGOVERNMENT HAS TAKEN ANOTHER PART OF OUR LAND INWATERBERG NATIVE RESERVEAND IS SOLD TO EUROPEAN FARMER STOP GOVERNMENT SAYS WECAN TELL UNITEDNATIONS IF WE WANT TO STOP WE ASK FOR IMMEDIATE UNITEDNATIONS INTERVENTION CHIEF HOSEA KUTAKO26. Petition, by letter-/ dated 24 August 1961, from Captain H. S. Witbooi andMr. Willem Fredrik, Gibeon, South West Africa, to the Chairman of theCommittee on South West AfricaIn the first place accept our sincere thanks to you and to your colleagues for theefforts which you have made so far about this country and its people.We wish in the meantime to express our profound diappointrent and grief that thegovernment of the Republic of South Africa has not allowed the Committee onSouth West Africa which was on its way to come to this country.q/ Original in Nama; translated into English by the Reverend Markus Kooper.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 63Those are the kind of situations which destroy the confidence that we have in theUnited Nations Organisation as an organisation of nations.It is evident to us that efforts are being made to help countries and peoples whoare also under foreign domination like ourselves who, while we have beencomplaining and petitioning all along are submitting their complaints. This provesto us that the United Nations underestimates the seriousness of the situation thatobtains in this country.The many complaints and petitions that were submitted to the United Nations byus two chiefs and other petitioners, and particularly by those sons of this countrywho came over there and testify, not from what they were told by someone else,but from their personal knowledge and experience as genuine sons of this soil, theconditions under which their parents were born and grew old, and in which theythemselves were born and grew up and in which their children have also beenborn and grew up are sufficient evidences that an action should be taken againstthis situation if only there was a spirit of willingness to rescue this situation on thepart of the distinguished organisation of the United Nations. Our new experienceabout the United Nations taught us only that the UN does not fully believe ourpetitions, and that the word of this regime who says that our petitions are "lies"are being given preference above our petitions by the UN.The situation at Hoachanas, apart from the regular conditions which obtain in thecountry, the seriousness of which have been submitted in so many petitions to theUN, and of which the Rev. M. Kooper himself, who personally went through the

humiliations and degradations during the process of that crisis, whichunfortunately still continues in that unfortunate place, presented personally to theUN, remains unchanged and as critical and acute as before as if the UN was nevertold about it at all.Petitions, dealing with instances where the indigenous inhabitants of thiscountry lost their lives at the hands of settler farmers were submitted to the UN.Petitions, dealing in particular with the case of how the indigenous inhabitantslost their lives at the hands of this regime at Windhoek on the 10-11th December1959, and how the investigation to that case, and the judicial proceedings of thatmurder were conducted, were all submitted to the UN.I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 64Petitions related to the houses which brought about the above mentioned deathshouses that are being built almost in all the towns in the country without theconsent of the people but which the unwilling people are forced to occupy - wereall submitted to the UN.We, the indigenous inhabitants of this country red and black, are named BANTU,but not with our happiness. We informed this regime under which we are kept thatwe rejected being called Bantus, since we know ourselves only as NAMA,HERERO, DAMARA, OVAMBO and SAN, and also because of the fact that wedo not want the laws which are being imposed upon those people who are namedBantus to be inflicted upon us. These laws severely suppress all Human Rightsand privileges that a person possibly could have. It is this kind of governmentwhich imposes such harsh laws upon human beings which entirely deprive oneeven from the freedoms of thought, speech and movement which says that we arefree under its rule.The curriculum of the Bantu Education System devised for the indigenouschildren is a clear testimony that the devisers of that Syllabus had no intention atall in their minds that even in time to come independence will be granted to theindigenous people of this country.It is a well known fact that any illiterate person has no feeling offrankness and freedom among educated people and that his awareness of his ownbackwardness leads to the result that such person usually considers himself asinferior to the educated one. This spirit of one considering himself backward incomparison to the next person, and of that complex of inferiority which is notdriven into a person by an immediate use of a whip has been implanted deceitfullydeep into the veins of our people at a very early stage of contact by the Europeansthrough European Church Missions by way of suppressing our education. For thebenefit of those who implanted it and for the damage and loss of those in whom itwas implanted, this spirit is today deeply rooted in our people. This spirit of fear,which is the fruit of the systematically implanted complex of inferiority, hassuppressed bravery so that the victim should not have the slightest valiantnesseven to seek clarity or to inquire into any matter, or to defend himself, or to prove,

insofar as the sense of truth and justice that is within him compels him to, that hetoo is able to do this or that thing as a

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 65human being. If, by virtue of his education, one has this valiantness, such personis immediately branded as a Communist and as one who investigates theindigenous masses against the whites and the regime, and his movements areseverely restricted as it practically happened to one of our sons, Johannes DavidGertze at Gibeon on the 12th August 1961, where he was threatened as aCommunist by the Welfare Officer at Tses Native Reserve and the police atGibeon. It is because of the above stated fear that is deeply ingrained in themasses of our people that some people fear to denounce in public as others do thesituation in which we all without exception live and of which all of us complainwhen we are alone by ourselves. This fear of some of us to denounce it, is used bythe regime as a piece of propaganda to weaken the truth of those of us whodenounce it, and their silence which is the result of the fear of what might be doneto them if they speak openly against it, is falsely interpreted as meaning that theyare satisfied with the Administration and that those who expose theAdministration do so only to incite the others, and that what we say is not true.This is the kind of information that is being given by the Europeans to theoverseas countries. If we therefore remain quiet, we do so only because we do noteven have the right to reject the falseness of such publicised distorted information.As this cunningly implanted fear is so deeply rooted in some of our prople thatthey are even afraid to testify against the evils of which they know and talk aboutonly when we are by ourselves it must be understood that as long as this countryis under the rule of the South African government this situation will never changeamong the black and red races of this country. For many years we have informedand complained to the United Nations about these situations created by aGovernment which we are fully aware will never grant us independence. This isthe Government which only and unceasingly stops, suppresses, divides andprevents us on all sides of our social life, but which in the meantime wants us toask things from it, pretending that it is prepared and willing to give if we ask, butwhich only keeps us awaiting on never-fulfilled promises of things which we haveasked from it for many years.Each time when the question of this country is debated in the United Nations, theSouth African Government comes up with an argument of "Domestic(Household) Afairs" and ignores any discussion and action concerning thesituation by the UN.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 66We therefore feel inclined to ask:- Are we dead material that is located in hishouse which he will treat in any manner he likes and in any way he thinks? Are

we his children's playground or playmates in whose cry and suffering nobody elsewill have a say or make an inquiry or have the right to see?Our own and only knowledge about the norms of human society is as follows:If aman shuts the doors of his house and metes out unjust punishment, or tortures hiswife, children, or any one under his with the purpose of causing physical injury,the tortured person will cry and the people of the society outside the house havethe right by virtue of the fact that the tortured one is a human being, to go thereand reprove that man for his cruel action and if he refuses to give heed to suchreproof to take further steps against him with the purpose of rescuing the life ofthe tortured one. And it is through such action of wards by the members of thesociety outside the house that not only the life of the tortured person is rescuedbut the owner as well of that house is rescued from the blunder which he wasabout to commit. This is all we know about an owner of a house and hishousehold if, however, our country is a household of this regime. It is therefore agreat surprise to us that the petitions and sighs of so many years which the peoplesent out from this closed house of our country in which we unfortunately findourselves is a small matter in the hearts of other nations.Further more:- How far does the United Nations intend to harden our life? What isthe deadline the United Nations has set for itself where it will say, it is enough, sofar and not any further? Why is the United Nations aggravating our life by merelyexpecting and collecting reports from a Government, according to what it tells usthe United Nations has no right to expect reports from it? What are the kind ofnations whose complaints alone move the United Nations to take action? Will theUnited Nations Organisation regret only on the day when the confidence whichwe had in it is completely destroyed that it has not make use of the long time thatwas available to it? And shall it ever be that the destruction of such confidence ofmany years will grow again quickly?We remember very well that the British Government - which our grant-parentstold our parents was a country which recognised the principle of liberty for all

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 67people, and one which was not pleased by unjust treatment of man by man, thesole reason for which they made Treaty with it - kept quiet at our cries, and rathersided with those which abstained if it did not side with those which opposed ourcourse when the question is discussed in the assembly of nations. When is shegoing to prove the truth of what our grandparents told us about her?Nations which were under her direct rule are granted Independence year afteryear. But what more can we expect from the British Government after we haveseen clearly that it remained so quiet during those years it could have saidsomething when this regime was under the British Crown now that this regimehas broken away from her and stands alone by itself?Many have already died without the slightest enjoyment of liberty and shall wealso die in that situation? Shall we pass all the years of our life through this

oppression where we cannot even move freely unless we have a pass which weare given in many cases only after hard struggle?As far as health is concerned, the cemetries of the yellow, black and white raceswho live in this country will eloquently witness and speak for themselves whichsection of the population is given good medical treatment and treated with propermedicine. There is no denying the fact that good medicine is expensive. It istherefore obvious that if the people are denied proper education from thebeginning the chances to find and perform jobs that pay are, and will always be,closed to them. They therefore do not earn enough money to be able to buy thoseexpensive medicines which bring health and life even though they desire healthand life. They cannot be given the medicine on credit because they will not beable to pay for it even afterward. These are all premeditated things. When we tellthese things to the United Nations it is said that we are blackening the white race.As all people are not necessarily by accident like-mannered, if a Doctor or aNurse, a regular Police or a Sergeant, a Magistrate, a Location Superintendent or aWelfare Officer of reserves make us feel as human beings by way of his or hertreatment or approach, such person is usually removed within two or threemonths. But those who are extremely brutal and do not look at us as humanbeings stay on for years. We do not know why these things are happening but theyare so in truth.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 68A step taken by a great many number of parents who, as a result of failure of theirrequest and expectation that better education will be given to their children,finally decided to break away from the former white Church Mission and join theworld-over known African Methodist Episcopal Church, but who temporarily lefttheir children behind in the previous Mission Schools for2 and one-half years with the hope that the situation would change, only afterwhich they opened the A.M.E. Private Schools, is interpreted by the regime andthe white section as a serious crime against the white race, and for that reasonthese schools are not subsidized by the Administration until this day.A condition that is being offered to them, while the teachers are not paid, and thechildren pay full prices for their books, is that if they appoint a European managerfor their schools and indicate their preparedness to accept the Bantu Curriculumfor their schools, their schools will be recognised. All these difficulties too havebeen already submitted to the United Nations.As far as franchise right and other related privileges are concerned, it is said thatwe are stupid (incapable) to exercise such rights, and that for that reason theserights cannot be given to us. But why should it be said of us today that we arestupid or incapable to exercise such rights?What then is the product of the 40 years of the South African Government'sRULE after the Mandate was given to it in addition to the GermanAdministration? If therefore after its rule of so many years this regime should saytoday that we are stupid to enjoy this or that privilege then it is only obvious that

nothing whatsoever can be expected from this regime, because through the samebreath with which it says that we are foolish it also testifies that it has donenothing and that it has ruled our country and its people with the intention that theywill not enjoy these privileges.It is with considered determination that we, the Nama leaders, representing theentire Nama race, have unanimously requested the South African Government ina meeting which we had recently to surrender the administration of our country tothe United Nations Organization. It is our burning desire and request that theadministration of our country be taken over from the South African Government,bunot to be given to an organisation which gave this country to the South African

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 69Government as a Mandatory but which was unable to z;iiiervise its administrationbut that it be given to such countries which will within a time of a few years placethe people of our country on an equal footing with our black sister nations.If what has been said here becomes known to the regime it will turn to usas death. With these complaints we have added to the aggravation of the situationunder which we live.We sincerely hope that the distinguish organisation shall at this session bring thisquestion to an immediate and satisfactory end.We remaia yours on behalf of all who wish to associate themselves with you.(Signed) H.S. WitbooiWillem FredrikPlease recognise without hesitation our sons who are over seas and theReverend as our duly authorised spokesmen. *

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 7027. Petition, by letter dated 10 October 1961, from Mr. Erasmus ja ErastusMbumba,Secretary SWAPO, Luderitz, South West Africa, to the President of theGeneral AssemblyMy peoples thier are Damaras, Ovambos, Hereros, Namas, are demand, 1. end ofSA Government in our Territory, 2. the righten of our Petitioners this time,3. Election this Year. Independence 1962. For more than 40 years we live underthe Slave law of and racial discrimination known as apartheid. We will neverforget, the massacre of Windheek where our Brothers and Sisters was shot deadby the SA Police on the night of 10th. and llth. December 1959, 11 dead and morethan 50 wounded.The arrest, deportations and detention of the Leaders and Members of SWAPO,are well known in the whole SWA. We also demand of the righten of our SavingBank Book application forms membership card of 3rd. May, 1961. This AfricanStates must get Independence, Uganda, Kenya, Rhodesia Nyasaland, Algeria,

South West Africa, South-Africa, Angola, and many others as well. Please pay anattention to those Petitioners at UN, we send them there for the case of ourcountry.I am hoping to hear from you Sir,Long Live Tndependence of EWA, 1962,Long live Africa as a whole,Yours in struggle,(SWAPO Secretary)Erasmus ja Erastus Mbumba./..

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 71PETITIONS RELATING, IhTER ALIA, TO THE SITUATION IN THEWINDHOEK LOCATION t28. Petition, by letter dated 16 August 1960, and enclosures, from Mr. C. Kapuuofor Chief Hosea Kutako, Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralEnclosed please find copies of letters from the South West AfricaAdministration, the Union of South Africa and a copy of a statement of theAdvisory Board meeting.(Signed) C. Kapuuo for Chief Hosea Kutako.Enclosure A. COPYNo. P.13UNION OF SOUTH AFRICADEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Private Bag 114, Union Buildings,PRETORIA.25 July 1960. Mr. Hosea Kutako, P.O. Box 1034,WINDHOEK.S.W.A.Sir,I have to refer to your letter of the 22nd June, 1960, addressed to the Honourablethe Administrator of South West Africa, and to inform you that as the Rev.Michael Scott has been declared a prohibited immigrant the Department is unableto accede to your request.Yours faithfully,(Signed) SECRETARY FOR ThE INTERIOR.LP. /AN.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 72Enclosure B. COPY No. A.S.50/2/3/2.SUIDWES-AFRIKA/SOUTH WEST AFRICAKantoor van die Administrateur, Office of the Administrator, WINDHOEK.28/7/60.

Senior Headman Hosea Kutako, P.O. Box 1054,WINDHOEK.Greetings,1. With reference to your letter of the 25th July, 1960, I return herewith copy ofthe petition forwarded under cover thereof and at the request of the PrimeMinister have to inform you that the Union Government cannot concede that theinhabitants of South West Africa have the right to address petitions to the UnitedNations Organisation or that there is any obligation on the Union Government toforward petitions to the Organisation.2. The petitioners have, of course, in common with other South African citizens,the subject's right of petition to the highest legislative and administrative authorityin the land.3. If this right is correctly exercised, the proper procedure would be to address apetition to the Union Government through His Honour the Administrator.Although this is the correct procedure, it would not be insisted upon if anypetitioner preferred to forward a petition direct to the Union Government.4. The Administration is in agreement with the views of the Union Governmentin this regard.Greetings,(Signed) Acting SECRETARY FOR SOUTH TEST AFRICA...

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 73Enclosure C.The following statement was made at a meeting held on Sunday the24th July, 1960 where there were 556 people. At this meeting only two peoplevoted in favcur of the reopening of the Beer Hall, Bus and Cinema. Their namesare:1. Willem Kahere, 2. Johannes Henguva.Last year the Africans decided to boycott the Beer Hall, Bus and Cinema theBioscope because certain people were assaulted by Municipal Police for refusingto have their houses evaluated.The African people are still being indirectly forced to move to Katututra They arebeing forced in the following ways:Municipal employees have been dismissed because they refused to reside atKatutura. Their names are:Ewald Kamapunga Leonhardt KazondinaEmmanuel Katjinamunene Alex NguzeruaFelix Kokati Benhardt UaendereJohannes Kamubanga Fritz OxurubAlex Nowoteb. Thimon Katjerungu.Alex ZemuundjaThe white Municipal employer who dismissed them was Mr. 0.V. Plichter.

A qualified African tailor Mr. Alestarkus Tjivikua who was trained at theAugustineum at Okahandja was not allowed to reside in Windhoel: because hisparents are in the old Location. Ujhen Alestarkus arrived in Windhoek, Mr.Potgieter the Superintendent of Locations told him to go and seek work before hecould be allowed to reside in -Uindhoek. He was also told to come with hisparents to Mr. Potgieter.After he got a job, he came with his parent (Mr. Theodore Tjiriange) toMr. Potgieter. Mr. Potgieter asked the parent whether he had moved to Katuturaor whether he had his house evaluated. Theodore replied no. Mr. Potgieter said,"You are the people who refuse to go to Katutura and I can therefore not helpyou."Prieska Kanjaa (Herero Section 2). Her terporal employer was told by Mr.Potgieter Superintendent of Locations that her servant Tculd be allowed to residein Windhcek only if she agreed to reside at Xatutura.I...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 74Some residents of the old Location who have been outside Windhoek on a visitwere not allowed to return to Windhoek and they have been ordered to leavepermanently. e.g. Cleophas Mbura.Some residents of the old Location who ask for permits to seek workare denied such permits and they are ordered to leave Windhoek with no chargeagainst them. e.g. Alphons Kutako, Twoboy Kandjou.Some of the regulations which were intended for Katutura and to whichwe objected were introduced into the old Locations. Some of them demands thata visitor from outside Windhoek should report immediately on his arrival to thePass Office even in the middle of the night. Names of Africans who were arrestedfor failing to report at the Pass Office are: Kambangane Ndjoze, Nauro Ndjombeand Arnold Kamupingens.The Government says that the people are not compelled to move to Katutura andthat they move voluntarily, but in practice they are forced to move.So the people feel that the boycott must continue because they are still beingforced to go to Katutura.-hile the Beer Hall itself is a bad sight to see such as seeing thousands of men andwomen being under the influence of liquor, it is inhuman for a decent person to sitand drink in a place where his people have been shot and killed.Further-more, we observe today that the closing of the Beer Hall is arelief because there are almost no fights and drunkenness such as those whichexisted when the Beer Hall was open./71 VJ29. Petition, by letter dated 19 August 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Windhoek,South West Africa, to the Secretary-General

I wish to inform you that between seven and eight hundred Africans of the oldlocation will be deported from Windhcek shortly. The object of the deportation isto break the power of the Africans in South West Africa who refused to beremoved from their homes to the new segregated Locations such as Katutura.We appeal to you to take immediate action to prevent these deportations.Meanwhile the Africans are not allowed to built houses in the old location.Africans who were building houses in the old 7,indhcek location were threatenedwith arrest by the Police./I.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 75The Government is determined to remove the Africans to Katutura inaccordance with her racial discriminatory laws and we are equally determinednever to succumb to APARTHEID - that to move to Katutura. So the situation isvery critical and is bound to have serious consequences. It can only be saved bythe PRESENCE of the United Nations in South West Africa.The presence of the United Nations in South West Africa is now absolutelynecessary. It should be uppermost in the minds of member states and should bebrought into effect without further delay. It is our firm believe that the UnionGovernment's humiliation of Africans and the defiance of United Nationsresolutions are caused by the absence of the United Nations in South West Africa.Although the passing of resolutions condeming the Union of South Africa isimportant, the United Nations should not overlook the importance of establishingits presence in South West Africa.It is no wonder that after the killing of the twelve Africans by theGovernment forces on the 10 December 1959 the common question put to theAfricans by the Europeans was, "Did you think the United Nations wculd helpyou?" The entire African population in South West Africa has no vote and has norights in their country. Political rights are in the hands of the Europeans althoughthey are in the minority and the decision to deport the eight hundred Africans wastaken by the Europeans.One is bound to ask the question, "What right have the Europeans to decidematters affecting the Africans in the absence of the Africans?"It is our earnest hope that the necessity of bringing the United Nations presence tothis country will be considered by the General Assembly during the comingsession.(Signed) Hosea Kutako50. Petition, by letter dated 24 September 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako andChief Samuel Witbooi, South I,1est Africa Peoples Organization, Windhoek,South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralFurther to our petition of the 14th September, 1960,11 we wish to statethat the Government of the Union of South Africa is going ahead with its direct_/ See iTo. 4 above.

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 76methods of forcing the Africans to move from their homes to the hated KatuturaLocation. One of these methods is to cause the present African residential area tobe a dirty place.Nowadays refuse is not cleared from the present African residential area althoughthe Africans pay taxes for this purpose. Refuse in the African residential area hasaccumulated so much that the whole area has become a very dirty and unhealthyplace.Mr. Esau Kandji an African, was deported-from Windhcek yesterday inaccordance with the Government scheme to deport 800 Africans from Windhoek.Cur numerous petitions to the United Nations and the reports of the UnitedNations Committee on South West Africa contain the state of affairs of thesituation in South West Africa. This policy has not been in existence for a year orsome years, but it has been in existence ever since South West Africa became aMandate under the Union of South Africa. The practice has become the way oflife of the Apartheid - minded European rulers of South West Africa. It stands toreason that such a policy cannot be changed by resolutions merely condemning orcalling upon the Union Government to change those policies.It is our earnest hope that the present session of the United Nationswill embark upon an entirely new approach and will pass resolutions that willbring the United Nations presence to South West Africa immediately.(Signed) Hosea Kutako31. Petition, by letter dated 5 December 1960, and enclosure, fromChief Hosea Kutako and Chief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa PeoplesOrganization, Wqindhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralWe wish to draw your attention to some new developments in South West Africa.1s from the 21st November, 1960 armed Police are patrolling the old WindhcekLocation clay and night.On the 1st December, 1960 the Windhoek Chief Magistrate declared that he hadreasons to apprehend that the public peace would be seriously endangered by theassembly of public gatherings of Africans groups in public places (we enclosed acopy of his declaration).On cur -art we have no intention of breaking the peace or of creating violence ofany sort. On the contrary, the Government is creating dangerous situation whichthe Chief agistrate interpreted as being created by African gatherings.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 77The patrolling of the Police in the location and around the location isvery dangerous and threatening to the African public. As a result, the Africans areso restless and are expecting the same shootings as that of last December at anymoment. As we can guage from the movement of the Police and armed Forces ofthe Union Government in the territory, the situation is explosive.

For many times we have been asking the United Nations to take some immediatesteps to rescue us from being killed - but the killing of Africans by Europeans andthe Government is continuing day by day.,e still ask the United Nations to send a commission to South -West Africa tobring an end to these shootings and killings. We ask you to treat this matter asvery urgent.(Signed) Hosea KutakoP.S. Following the declaration of the state emergency on 21st Nov. 1960, units ofUnion Defence Force carried on maneauvres on Saturday night 3rd December1960 to the South of the town.EnclosurePROHIBITION BY THE MAGISTRATE, WINDHOEK, OF PUBLICGATHERINGS IN TERMS OF SECTION l(1) OF ORDINANCE 9OF 1930.XHEREAS, I, CARL LOUIS HAGER, Magistrate of the district of Windhoek,have reason to apprehend that the public peace would be seriously endangered bythe assembly of public gatherings of Bantu groups in public places within thelimits of Jurisdiction of the Municipality of Uindhoek;NOv THREFORE, by virtue of the special authority of His Honour theAdministrator of South West Africa and the powers vested in me by theprovisions of sub-section (1) of section one of the Riotous Assemblies andCriminal Law Amendment Ordinance, 1930 (Ordinance 9 of 1930), I do herebyprohibit the assembly of public gatherings by the Bantu groups concerned in anypublic places within the limits of jurisdiction of the Municipality of Uindhoek, asfollows:(a) for conducting any Memorial Service during the month of December,1960;(b) any gathering on the 10th December, 1960.I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 78TAKE NOTICE that any person who, after publication of this prohibition and incontravention thereof, convenes a public meeting in a public place, or whopresides at or addresses a public gathering the assembly whereof in a public placehas been prohibited under this prohibition, shall be guilty of an offence, unless hesatisfies the Court that he had no knowledge of the prohibition, a~d shall be liableon conviction to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months, and onsecond and subsequent conviction to imprisonment not exceeding six months.(Signed) C.L. HAGERCHIEF MAGISTRATE, ',INDHOEK DISTRICT32. Petition, by letter dated 17 December 1960, from the Reverend Michael Scott,Africa Bureau, London, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West AfricaI should be grateful for an opportunity of making a statement to yourCommittee when it meets and before it leaves for South West Africa on themission entrusted to it by the Fifteenth session of the Assembly.

May I quote from a letter I have received from Chief Hosea Kutako datedat Windhoek Dec. 6th 1960 and enclosing a copy of a prohibition againstmeetings of African by the Magistrate of Uindhoek under sec 1(1) of 1930 whichyou will also have received directly from him.The relevant extracts from the Chiefs letter addressed to me as follows:"Thanksvery much for the letter and documents which reached me safely here. Thecommunications came in my absence while I went to attend a Government Tribalmeeting at K:aterberg Native Reserve presided over by Mr. D. Blignaut on hisreturn from the U.N.O. Assembly.I was delighted to have these informations from you. As I write to answer to yourletter the situation is tense in the country. I do not know where it will lead us. Astate of emergency has been declared in Windhoek by the Chief Magistrate Mr.Hager. Armoured cars are patrolling the Locations during night hours. The Unitsof the Defence Force are manoeuvring with automatic weapons and guns to thesouth of the town. Here is an undeclared war of extermination which the UnitedNations treat at their own time. A crushing death - like that in the Congo - and aslow death - like the one in South West Africa are both death; they must betreated in the same way.I...

A/AC . 73/4EnglishPage 79Mr. B. Blignaut told the tribal meeting that killings of the Africans by Europeansand vice versa occur because each section does not trust the other. And that therecame word to the Government and the Europeans that the Hereros are preparingto attack the Europeans in the country, and that Europeans are living in great fear.It might be true but the fact is that no African ever killed an European by coldblood, with the exception of Mr. Sande (a criminal 19 years) who was hangedrecently for shooting a European; while for the past six months almost a dozenAfrican were shot at, killed or wounded by Europeans.May I bring to your knowledge that your friend Festus Kandjou passed away aftera very short illness.May God's choicest blessings keep you redounding to His glory on &arth.With good wishes and prayers,Yourssigned:Hosea Kutako"I will forward a copy of the Magistrate's prohibition referred to aboveif this has not yet been received by you. I trust this will receive the urgentattention of the Committee and be made the subject of recommendation to thepresent session of the Assembly, after investigation if possible during itsforthcoming visiting mission to South West Africa.(Signed) Michael ScottReverend Michael Scott.P.S. I note that to-Days date is the fortieth anniversary of that on whichSouth Africa was entrusted with the Mandate as a sacred trust by the

League Council.33. Petition, by letter dated 21 December 1960, from Mr. Mburumba Kerina,New York, to the Chairman of the Committee on South Uest AfricaYour Petitioners have since their appearance before the Committee on South WestAfrica and the Fourth Committee of the Fifteenth General Assembly stated thatthe situation has deteriorated in South Uest Africa, that the presence of the UnitedNations has to be established to restore peace and security in our country...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 80Enclosed find copy of the declaration of the state of emergency in our country-/for the Committee's immediate consideration.(Signed) Mburumba KerinaMburumba Kerina34. Petition, by cablegram received on 10 February 1961, from Mr. Kozonguizi,London, to the Committee on South West AfricaPRESS REPORT SEVENTEEN AFRICAN SA TO BE CHARGED W-ITHPUBLIC VIOLENCE FOR 1959 ::INDHOEK RIOTS PLEASE INVESTIGATEKOZONGUIZII7I435. Petition, by cablegram received on 12 April 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Chief Samuel WTitbooi, South Uzest Africa Peoples Organization, Windhoek,South W.est Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralPOLICE ;ERE SENT TODAY TO TELL AFRICANS OF OLD LOCATION TOMOVE TO KATUTURA STOP WE ARE DETERMINED NOT TO MOVESTOP TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTIONS BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE STOPCHIEF HOSEA KUTAKO CHIEF SAMUEL WITBOOI SOUTHWESTAFRICAPEOPLES ORGANIZATION36. Petition, by letter dated 10 May 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako, 1-73Chief Samuel Witbooi, South }Test Africa Peoples Organization, Windhoek,South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralFurther to our cable of the 3rd May 1961, we wish to inform you that 30 to 50police armed with automatic weapons raided the old Location on the 3rd of May1961. They searched the homes of some Africans and removed documents andletters.l/ The enclosure entitled "Prohibition by the Magistrate, Windhoek, ofPublic gatherings in terms of section I(1) of Ordinance 9 of 1930" is identicalwith that contained in the letter from the South West AfricaPeople's Organisation reproduced as No. 31 above.

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The Africans whose homes were raided and searched were: Mr. Lucas NepelaPresident of the South W ,est Africa Peoples Organization, Mr. Clement KapuuoDeputy Chief of the Herero tribe, the Reverend Bartholomew Karuaera nationalSecretary of the Chiefs' Council and tribal Secretary of the Herero tribe. Mr. LevyNganjone a teacher and also a member of the Chiefs' Council, Mr. David.Meroroa member of the Chiefs' Council, Zedekia Ngavirue, and Mr. John Muundjua.On the 4th May, 1961, a convoy comprising police in saracens and pick-up vansarmed with automatic weapons and revolvers travelled through the old Locationand Katutura.The situation in South West Africa is still critical. The people ofSouth 7. est Africa were very much pleased with the decision of the UnitedNations to send a Commission to South West Africa to make an on the spotinvestigation. But the reports that the Commission intends to visit Bechuanalandand Angola in the event of the Union of South Africa not giving visas werereceived with great disappointment. 7e fail to see the reason why an internationalCommission should decide to go to Bechuanaland and Angola instead of comingto South West Africa because the Government of the Union of South Africacontinues to ignore and defy the world organization.7e strongly advise the Committee to come direct to South Iest Africa.We are quite certain that the Commission will not be able to meet with peoplefrom South Vest Africa if it limits its visit to neighbouring territories because theGovernment does not allow or grant travelling documents to Africans who intendto visit territories outside South West Africa.The Africans of South West Africa have no access to the neighbouring territoriesand the boundaries of South West Africa are strongly guarded by the police. TheUnited Nations should not think that the situation in South W-est Africa is similarto that which existed in Hungary io 1956, where the United Nations Commissioncould meet with Hungarians in the countries near Hungary.I...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 82Ue are looking forward to meet the United Nations Commission in South vestAfrica.(Signed) Hosea Kutako1. Chief Hosea Kutako2. Chief Samuel Witbooi3. South West Africa Peoples Organization.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 83PETITIONS RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO CONDITIONS INOVAMBOLAND37. Petition, by undated letter, from Ovamboland Peoples Organization, Cape

Town, South Africa, to the Secretary-General Much Greetings.With honour and humility before you and saying, As we had heard yourforthcoming to S. Africa near future.However, YTe hereby beg you with question whether your visiting will haveended here in Union of S. Africa or will be continuing as far as S.'-. Africa, aswell as to a Native reserve called Ovamboland.But in that case Kindly let us know immediately as we want to anticipate andprepare by emphasizing most of our people who are in future prospect and areexpecting to be freed from Union Government which enslaving we Natives ofS..A. and Y-e therefore require If We could be fall under U.N. TrusteeshipCommittee. from U. Government however, Y-e Should like to give you thisinformation that, If you will be calling on a such Native reserve which mentionedin this letter, and calling on the chiefs thereof for questioning them, it paysnothing, but young people it will be the best of all. Because our chiefs are theGovernment appointed chiefs, and are even in very ignorance and beinginfluenced by Government officials in territory, Who are now even acting inOvamboland persuading the chiefs by fobbing them off with bribes, on behalf ofthis reason not to pay attention to any visitor from foreign Government, as Europebut particularly America.But there are some of Chiefs want to take part to us but afraid ofauthorities to acting against them and to take even their possessions away fromthem. However, even 'e Ovambos herein Cape Town have smuggled by writingyou this letter and posting it to you through in the name of a Kindly andGentleman Mr. Patrick Duncan, a Leader of Liberal party in S. African politics,who always tries to aid or help us, by his kindness onto us. however, as le have noso much to tell you we could believe that, you know more much better about thegist of S.A. Government policy.SIR", ',hat can more we say.(Signed) Illegible

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 84 VIgo38. Petition, by letter dated 16 September 1960, from Mr. Simon Shivute,Acting Secretary-General, South West Africa Peoples Organization,7indhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralRegarding the statement issued by headman Nehemia of the Ukuanjama Tribe tothe Union Minister of Bantu Administration and Development Mr. D. de Wet Nelin Ovamboland last month, the South W.est Africa Peoples Organisation wouldlike to make it known that it is not strange whatsoever that Nehemia has said that.In the first place Mr. Nehemia was never of the Royal family nor is he an electedchief of the Ukuanjama Tribe. He was formally a policeman of the South AfricanGovernment. Owing to the fact that he became a very strong supporter of theGovernment of the Union of South Africa in its illtreatment of the African people,he was then promoted to what is being regarded as the higher rank - that of an

Official Interpreter. Under this position as well, Nehemia never showed asympathetic attitude towards his fellow Africans but he continued to favour theevil treatment meted out to the African people by the Government of the Union ofSouth Africa. This again resulted in him being appointed by the Government asheadman against the will of the Ukuanjawa people.The Tkuanjama people do not regard Nehemia as their chief or representative inany way and he therefore has no backing of anybody except Government Officialswho use him as a tool with which to suppress the Ovambo people. TheUkuanjama people are powerless to discharge him because they are even deniedthe right to choose their own representatives or chiefs from among the peoplewhom they trust.Since Chief Mandume of the Ukuanjama Tribe has been disthroned and killed byUnion Government and Portuguese Government forces on the 7 February 1917,the Ukuanjama Tribe has not a chief or any other National representative electedby themselves. They are being ruled by Government appointed headmen whocarry out decisions dictated to them by the Government officials and which thepeople have no authority to disapprove.Secondly, a month before Mr. de -et Nel could visit South est Africa,Nehemia and the other headmen in Ovamboland were warned by Governmentofficials that a big boss was due to visit them and that they must not show anyopposition to -is visit because he was very dangerous and that if they happened tosow opposition to this visit or deliver unfavourable speeches, they might landthemselves into an unfavourable situation.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 85Nehemia and the other headmen in the Ukuanjama area, despite the fact that theywere Government puppets, did not quite grasp the meaning of being landed in anunfavourable situation. Shortly afterwards, a Union Government's aircraftcarrying armed police arrived in Ovamboland. This aircraft and the armed policethereon, threatened the people in Ovambolaiid to realise the meaning of the saidfunfavourable situation' and the strength of the GROOT BAAS (Big Boss).After the departure of the Union Government's Armed Police, the headmen weretold by the Welfare Officer that they should not allow people whom they know ofopposing the Government policy to attend the meeting.These warnings were succeeded by the arrest of one of the strong men ofthe South Vest Africa Peoples Organisation in Ovamboland Mr. ElieserTuhadelini. He was handcuffed and sent to a remote place in the extreme north ofOvamboland just near the border and is being kept there under arrest.Most of the people who attended the Mr. de Wet Nel's meeting were unable tochallenge the speech delivered by Nehemia on account of fear of being ill-treatedin the same manner in which Mr. Tuhadelini has been treated by the Governmentof the Union of South Africa.Finally, the South 'est Africa Peoples Organisation would like to make it clear thatthe Ovambo people in Ovamboland like all the other indigenous population of the

Mandated Territory of South West Africa are not in favour of the Government ofthe Union of South Africa and they are being intimidated by the UnionGovernment in many inhuman ways such as the compulsion of being representedby Government appointed chiefs and headmen whom the people distrust.77e strongly appeal to the United Nations to take immediate steps duringthe forthcoming session of the General Assembly of the United Nations to rescueus from this oppressive Government of the Union of South Africa and to place theMandated Territory of South "est Africa under the Trusteeship System of theUnited Nations so that the distressed African people of South -est Africa can gainassistance from the various specialised agencies of the United Nations and tobring to an end these inhuman and unnecessary deportations of our leaders beforeall of our people have been completely deported out of their country and to bringto an end these intimidations by which our fellow men are turned to become co-oppressors of their fellow Africans....

A/AC. 75/4EnglishPage 86,e furthermore request the United Nations to allow the Rev. Michael Scott,Messrs. Mburumba Kerina, Sam Nujoma, Phanuel Kozonguizi and JacobKuhangua to give evidence before the General Assembly of the United Nations onbehalf of the South West Africa Peoples Organisation.i/ Yours faithfully,(Signed) Simon ShivuteACTING SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE SOUTH WEST AFRICAPEOPLES ORGANISA.39. Letter dated 26 September 1961, from Messrs. Sam Nujoma, President, SouthWest Africa Peoples Organization, Mr. Jacob Kuhangua and Mr. MLurumbaKerina,New York, to the Committee on South WTest Africa concerning the petitionreproduced as No. 38 aboveI hereby transmit the enclosed petition-/ from SPAFO of which I have beeninformed that a copy has been dispatched to the Committee.I wish to make known to the United Nations through the Committee on South estAfrica that the only authorized spokesmen for SWAPO are Messrs. MburumbaKerina, Jacob Kuhangua and Sam Nujoma. An error has been made in the petitionnow under consideration namely, that Mr. Fanuel Kozonguizi is not a member ofSWAFO and as such could not be a spokesman for SWAPO. Kindly omit hisname when recording the said petition. The last paragraph of the said petitionshouLd be read as corrected.(Signed) Sam Nujoma, President for S.YJ.A.P.O. (Signed) Jacob Kuhangua\Signed) Mburumba KerinaI See also letter reproduced as No. 39 below. 2I The authors enclosed a photostatcopy of the petition reproduced as No. 18above, except that a blank space replaced the name of Mr. Kozonguizi.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 87jgz40. Petition, by letter dated 24 October 1960, from the Acting Secretary, South'lest Africa Peoples Organization, V.Tindhoek, South West Africa, to theSecretary-GeneralWe wish to inform you that the Union Government has taken some Headmen andtheir Secretaries from Ovamboland and the Okavango to Pretoria in the Union ofSouth Africa and nobody knows what was the real object of their visit to Pretoria.They are Headmen Nehemia Shovaleka, Elia Ueyulu, Vilho Ueyulu, JohannesShikuza, Varombola Kalomo, Gabriel Kautuima (Tribal Secretary for theUkuanyama) and their private Secretaries from the Ukuanyama. Uillipard Ushonaand 8 other men from Ongandjele and 14 men from the Okavango.These men are all Government appointed Headmen and their Secretaries and theydo not represent the real will of the African people in their respective areas. Weare suspicious that they might possibly be forced to sign any agreement with theUnion Government while in Pretoria wether to partition South West Africa or todeclare that the African people of South West Africa have faith in theGovernment of the Union of South Africa as Headman Nehemia of Ukuanyamahas already done in his speech to Mr. De wet Nel the Union Minister of BantuAdministration and Development. Refer to our previous letter of September 1960.We would therefore like to emphasise that if they happen to sign any suchagreement with the Union Government the United Nations should not regard suchan agreement as valid because even the people whom they pretend to representknow nothing about their yourney to Pretoria.Y.e further would like to inform you that there were two EuropeanVeterinarians in the Ukuanyama area and one day during September, 1960, theywent out for work in the area and in the course of the day one of them came backto their camping place and found Mr. Jeremia Nangolo an Ovambo who wa6 theircook already having prepared their meals. The vetrinarian ate all the food withoutleaving something for his companion and went out again. WIhen the other mancame he asked Jeremia about his meal. Jeremia explained to him that the otherman ate the food but the Veterinarian would not listen to Jeremia and accused himof stealing the food. He then took a piece of iron and beat Jeremia with it and tookhim to Hosrital where he !'Jeremia) died three days later. After the death ofJeremia, the Chief Welfare Officer of Cshikango in the/. .

A/AC,73/4EnglishPage 88Ukuanyama area Mr. Strydom went to Etomba where the two Veterinarianscamped and took the Veterinarian who was responsible for the death of Jeremiaand nothing is known to the Ovambos about the whereabout of that man.

Another incident we wish to bring to your notice is the dismissal of Mr. ThomasH.S. Nepaya who was a Secretary for the late Chief Kambonde in the TelfareOffice at Ondangua in Ovamboland. Mr. Bepaya was found with a membershipcard of the South West Africa Peoples Organisation in his possession by the7,,elfare Officer of. Ondangua Mr. C.B. Richter and was dismissed from his jobmerely because he was found with a SWAF0O membership card while in a UnionGovernment service.e earnestly ask the United Nations to take immediate steps to place South WestAfrica under the Trusteeship System of U.N. and to bring its presence to South rest Africa which is the only way to end these killings and intimidations by theUnion Government upon our people.ACTING SECRETARY FOR THE SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLES ORG....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 89PETITIONS RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO CONDITIONE IN THEWARMBAD NATIVE RESERVE41. Petition, by letter dated 15 September 1960, from Mr. Johannes Christianand other inhabitants of the Warmbad Native Reserve, South W1est Africa,to Members of the United NationsPETITIONWe beg to send this petition on behalf of the non-white inhabitants of theUarmbad Reserve in South West Africa.The lamentable situation of the oppression in which we are living is not so easy todescribe.The present position is too sad and that is that the white farmers and even thewhites of the towns nearby are always on guard in the field and at the ports of theroad in order to kill us while we are on journey.They are fully armed against us and their Pass-Laws are so strict and prevent tomove freely.It is terrible for us to find us in such a position. Many instances may be named.But we ask the UNO that the land be given back to us robbed by the GermanGovernment.Please help us and place the land under the guardianship of the United NationsOrganisation very soon.(Signed) Johannes Christian V illem Christian Jan VeldskeenStephanus Christian Jacob Christian Jacobus Christianl_ This petition was enclosed in the same envelope as the petition reproducedas No. 5 above.I...

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42. Petition, by letter dated 17 September 1960, from Mr. Johannes Christiaanand others in Warmbad Native Reserve, South West Africa, to representatives ofthe South West Africa question in the United Nations aLd the Good OfficesCommission';e are a beloved people of Africa. We request this internationalOrganization to place our country South vest Africa under the United Nationswithout delay and without placing us in the hands of the Union. ,e want to be putunder United Nations trusteeship immediately. In thus expressing our wish, westate that we are deeply worried about the situation in our country. The RedNation of the Warmbad District want their country back.(Signed) on behalf ofJohannes ChristiaanWillem ChristiaanJacobus ChristiaanJohannes Stefanus Christiaan Jan VeldskoenJacob Christiaanfe are the true leaders of our people in !armbad District South West Africa.Transmitted to the United Nations by letter dated 5 October 1960 fromMr. Jariretundu Kozonguizi, President, South Lest Africa National Union,London.I..

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 91PETITION RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO CONDITIONS INTHE HOACHANAS NATIVE RESERVE45. Petition, by letter dated 9 January 1961, and enclosure fromMr. Johannes Dausab and others, Hoachanas, South West Africa, to theCommittee on South West AfricaPETITIONURGENT REQUESTUnchangeable persecution to us from the Administration and of the Governmentof the territory, we urgent your voices and action immediately.The situation at Hoachanas continually do not change. On the 15th day of Nov.1960, a Police at DERM Mr. Hemelton brought a message of the sergeant atDERM Mr. Allwagen (both are newcomers to that station) for the pass-issuer Mr.Matheus Kooper said, That he Mr. Mat. Kooper should not issue any pass nomore. But we let him wrote, for there was no reason of the refusal given.Two days ago, we heard what the sergeant had to say. He said, That if he meetone of us without the pass he certainly will arrest him, according to the law andvice versa. The pass-issuer shall then put into the gaol or ejected as they did withRev. Kooper. It means that we will be force to take the pass of the BantuSystemand in that way, this is a plotting of the farmers and the Administration against us,and also to contemplate the evidences of Rev. Kooper at the UNO. When theysaw that the pas was continualy written, they wrote a so-called official letter from

the Administrator through the Magistrate of Rehoboth to the Derm's Office andthe sergeant Mr. Allwagen serve a letter the 29th of Dec., 1960 on Mr. Mat.Kooper. The paper is an Official Paper, but the words are of peculiaridy ploting atall. Because no reason of the withdrawal was given we asked the Administrator ina letter what the matter is. But so far we receive no answer from. The mostimportant sentence of the letter is, Any pass may not issue-by you but its refer notto some one. What a cunning? And what are all these things from the side of theAdministration means.Sirs, Let the Administration give us back our properties and our human-rihtsbelonging to us and every creature.

A/AC .73/4 English Page 92Hoping Your cooperation to safeguard us from this intolerable case. A copy of theMagistrate's letter in Africans is hereto annex. Signed Joh. DausabGert Pienaar Simon Kooper Franz NakhonErnst Amon TasebDaniel DausabE.P. AfrikanerJ. Nakhom J. DecnasJohannes F. KooperFrans Goakeb"t illegibleJ. NuganabA copy of this letter is also submitted through the Administration forresubmitting. Enclosure-' No. N 1/10/4SOUTH WEST AFRICA OFFICE OF THE MAGISTRATE REHOBOTH1 December 1960 Matheus KooperHOACHi-NAS. Greetings,Please be informed that the Administrator has cancelled, with effect from21 November 1960, your authority to issue passes. Consequently no furtherpasses may be issued by you.Greetings, (Signed) (illegible)MAGISTFATE REHOBOTH, SOUTH WEST AFRICA_/ Original copy of the letter in Afrikaans.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 93PETITIONS RELATING, INTER ALIA, TO THE REHOBOTH GEBIET44. Petition, by letter dated 16 September 1960, and enclosures fromMessrs. J.G. Diergaardt, F.C. Junius, J. Beukes, M. Dentlinger andC. Oliver, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralAs a sovereign people, we have enjoyed self-rule and equality during theregime of German Occupationi of S.W.A. These rights were recognized in theearly years of the Mandate by the Union Government, when they had taken theadministration under the League of Nations.

Our rights under Paragraph 22 of the Mandate and our Paternal Laws havegradually been impaired, and those of the white Kaptein, the representative of theUnion Government, increased, with the result that Apartheid is today beingenforced on us.This is a flagrant denial of the injunction "to safeguard the sacred trust ofcivilisation through the maintenance of effective international supervision of theAdministration of the Mandated Territory" of S.W.A., of which we are a part.We are perturbed at this imposition, that we have to suffer as directdescendants of the Europeans of South Africa, for we are against thediscriminatory policy of the Union which is unconsistent with the spirit of theMandate and with the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Deputations to the Administrator have brought no improvement. His Honourdeclares that he is to refer our petitions to the Executive Committee, who has nojurisdiction over us, and being elected solely by the white electors, serve toprotect their interests.We appeal to you, Sir, to support us in our request that Apartheid in any form benot imposed in our Gebiet, as the enclosed correspondence will indicate.Signed on the original. Members of the Council1. J.G. Diergaardt, 2. F.C. junius, 3. J. Beukes4. M. Dentlinger, 5. C. OlivierI ...

A/AC.73/4English Page 94P.O. Box 33,Rehoboth,12 September 1960His Hon. The Administrator of S.W.A.WINDHOEK.Re: Introduction of Apartheid in Rehoboth. Dear Sir,We acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 7th. September 1960 andherewith express our thanks. Your referring of our request about the removal ofapartheid from Rehoboth to the Executive Committee is, as your Honour alreadyknows, not recognised by us. We still await a speedy reply from you as the onlyguardian over us, in accordance with our agreement with the Union Governmentin 1925.in reply to your direct request, we wish to clarify our position:We have already informed you as to cur attitude definitely and clearly in our letterof the 29th. August. Apartheid in the true sense of the word has never been, as farback as our knowledge goes, accepted or applied in the Rehoboth Gebiet by theCouncil. We, the present Council, do not acknowledge Apartheid, based on colouror race in the Gebiet. We have, until now enjoyed FREEDCM in our Gebiet:-everyone sits, stands or moves whenever he desires without limitations andobstructions like boards and poles.Throughout all the years, because of the practical application of human

freedom, without walls and poles of separation, we have had no racialtroubles:inside as well as outside the old Administrative offices.Cn the strength of this evidence, we demand therefore that the same freemovement, that we have jealously and happily enjoyed until recently be put intooperation in the new offices.The indignity that we have to suffer outside the Gebiet as a people who haveknown equality is terrible enough. But there outside is foreign land and we respectit as such. This is our Gebiet and we cannot remain silent in our own homeland tobe insulted. We therefore appeal to you again: Remove Apartheid frcm Rehobothforthwith root and branch.Respectfully yours,Signed by the members of the Council: 1. J.G. Dier-aardt. 2. F.C. Junius. 2. J.Beukes. 4. M. Dentlinger.5 . C. Olivie r. / .

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 95Suidwes-Afrika/ South West Africa. Kantoor van die Administrateur Office of theAdministrator Windhoek7 September 1960Councillor J.G. Diergaardt, P.O. Box 33,Rehoboth.Dear Councillor Diergaardt,On instruction of His Honourable, the Administrator I acknowledge yourletter of the 29th. August 1960, and want to inform you that the request, as put bythe Council, will be referred to the Executive Committee at its next sitting on the20th. September.His Honour would like to know, however, before he puts the request to theExecutive Committee, if it will still be your policy, as in the past, to applyapartheid, as far as you possibly can, in your own way without notice-boards.A speedy reply will be appreciated.Yours,Private SecretaryP.O. Box 33,Rehoboth29 August 1960His Hon. The Administrator of S.W.A. WINDHOEKRe: Introduction of Apartheid in Rehoboth. Your Honour,On the 3rd. of August 1960, we, the undersigned, the elected members of theRehoboth Advisory Council, met the "Kaptein" of Rehoboth specifically onrequest about the introduction of Apartheid in Rehoboth, that we viewed withgrave concern.The subject was in connection with the above in the new administrative buildingon the parcel of land in Rehoboth, designated as Plot 212. This building has been

erected without consultation, or agreement with the Baster Advisory Council onthe plot of ground that the Administration just arbitrarily expropriated, in spite/. .

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 96of the fact that the Council lodged strong ccmplaints against such methods. TheCouncil enjoined the Kaptein to inform you Sir, about their unanimous decision.On the 26th. August 1960, we reiterated this decision, Sir, during theinterview, which you so gracious granted us. In spite of our unmistakable andunequivocal rejection of Apartheid in the Gebiet, the Administrative building wasout into use unchanged, while we were busy remonstrating with you in ourinterview in Windhoek.Apartheid is not in use, and is absolutely unknown to Rehoboth. We,therefore, request you, Sir, respectfully, yet urgently that all the signs ofApartheid in the new Administrative Building be removed in eight days forthwith:i.e. (i) that all the boards with "Bantoes", "Burgers" and "Blankes" on the separatedoors of the new offices be removed, (ii) that all the iron and wooden partitionsserving as apartheid symbols be also removed so that anyone, whatever his race orcolour, be free to go and stand where he chooses. We do believe in reciprocal co-operation, therefore we earnestly appeal to you to accede to our very importantrequest. The Council will, as stated quite clearly to you, not use the building untilApartheid has been removed totally.Very respectfully yoursSigned by the memoers of the Council:1. J.G. Diergaardt, 2. F.C. Junius, 3. J. Beukes, 4. M. Dentlinger, 5. C. Olivier45. Petition, by letter-/dated 19 September I9E0, from Mr. R.A. Alccek,Secretary,Rhenish Baster Community, Rehoboth, South West AfricaSUBJECT: CHURCH DISPLTE, REHCBCTH, SCUTH WEST AFRICAI hereby confirm the cable which was sent to you today.The attached summaries, which give an account of developments in the churchdispute, will, we hope, give you an idea of what is being done here under thecloak of religion.For further information:The church and school buildings - the pivot round which everything turns waserected by cur forefathers and ourselves at our own expense. Our ancestorsbought two plots of land in order to erect the church building here.The Rhenish Missionary Society - a white foreign corporation - has now seizedthese buildings.l/ Original in Afrikaans.

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The Ancestral Laws, which were made by the first Baster Captain of Rehobothand are still in force today, provide inter alia that no white may own property inthe Gebiet.Although the Captain and Board have given us, the Rhenish Baster Community,documentary evidence (copy attached) that the church and school buildings areplaced at our exclusive disposal, the Evangelical Lutheran (new Church)missionaries refuse to hand over to us our rightful property.Representations concerning this matter have already been addressed to theAdministrator of South West Africa and to the Prime Minister of the Union ofSouth Africa, but without success.We therefore address to you this urgent request to intervene and restore our rights;for the present situation - that approximately 98 per cent of the Baster populationare shut out of their own church - cannot persist any longer.We feel convinced that the Evangelical Lutheran White missionaries are not in theleast concerned with the spiritual welfare of the Basters in the Rehoboth Gebiet,but are in fact being used simply as tools in order to undermine our independenceand gradually deprive us of our property rights.In expectation of a prompt acknowledgement of receipt of this letter, and withthanks in advance for your help.(Signed) R.A. AlcockSUMMARY OF FACTS CONCERNING THECHURCH DISPUTE, REHOBOTH1. Our representatives stated in plain terms at the Synod meeting at Okahandjaon 4 October 1957 that the Rehoboth Community VWculd fall apart" if theytook any other name than Rhenish.2. As early as 22 November 1957, and right through 1958, it was demonstratedclearly and publicly, through large mass meetings of the Community, thatthe latter would not accept the name of Evangelical Lutheran Church. Thelast gathering in this series was held on 22 August 1959, with Rev. R. Vollmerin the Chair. A certain Rev. Bitzer was also present at this meeting.3. Cn 27 August 1959 the Church Administration of the Evangelical LutheranChurch at Windhoek decided to deliver to the elders and officers of theCommunity a threatening letter stating that, if an officer was unwilling toI.e.

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 98take the name of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, he must leave Rev. Vollmer'sbuilding and also the church building, which were "White property"; so thatthey could say: "You have walked out of the church.'4. On 28 September 1959 the Action Committee was nominated from among themembersof the Community, and its members were elected and confirmed by the RhenishBaster Community at a large Community meeting on 4 September Lic/.5. The date of 11 September 1959 is of great significance in the church dispute.

It was on this date that Rev. R. Vollmer first tried to refuse to admit to a meeting,which had been arranged beforehand, more than ten members of theAction Committee, which had from the outset a membership of thirteen. Inaddition he rejected, on the same day, the PRAYER which was requested bythe members of the Action Ccmmittee. On this date, Rev. H.K. Diehl disownedthe Action Committee and also the Rhenish Baster Community and wished toread a statement to the members of the Action Committee in their personalcapacity.6. On 12 September 1959 the Pastors, Rev. H.K. Diehl, Rev. 0. Milk andRev. R. Vollmer, drove out the elders of the Community. Those who elected toremain Rhenish had to leave Rev. R. Vollmer's private residence. Theydid so, moreover, and have never returned there. On the same date theAction Committee asked the Baster Board to intervene between the two sidesfor the sake of peace in the community. The Captain and Board deferred the casebut, at the same time, arranged for a meeting with the two Communitieson 22 September 1959.7. On 13 September the Rhenish Baster Community began holding separateservices,which are still being held. It was everywhere asserted that the Governmentwould not interfere in a church dispute, but on this date the Rehoboth policeplainly interfered, by coming and causing a disturbance at the Communityreligious service, at Rev. Vollmer's request. On the same date, the white ministercame to remove the Bible from the church and made two attempts todrive the Community out of the church building.8. On 16 September 1959 someone else took a hand in the church dispute. ThePrime Minister maintains that they cannot interfere in a church dispute.At this point Dr. W.H. Weder, the President of the Legislative Assembly, threwhis weight into the case and rationed the services of the RhenishBaster Community in their own church building by having them informed thatI.

A/AC.- 73/4EnglishPage 99they might use the church building for their separate services only from l.p.m.onwards, naturally as legal representative of the RhenishMissionary Society. Unhappily, this is the same Dr. W.H. Weder who hasbeen in the service of the Administration.9. On 20 September 1960 we were accordingly obliged to obey the lawyer andhold our services at 3 p.m., at the hottest time of the day.10. The day which dawned on 27 September was to be of even greatersignificance.When, as on 20 September, we went to the Church at 3 p.m. for our service,we found ourselves before closed doors. Rev. Vollmer refused to handover to us the keys of the church building. He also refused categoricallyto carry out the orders of our Baster Board and said very clearly: "I do

not take orders from the Baster Board. I take orders from my lawyers!" 11. On 11November 1959 we went with the Baster Board to meet therepresentatives of the Rhenish Mission Church in the Administrationbuildings. Mr. Marrais presided over the meeting. Dr. Weder was againpresent, having - without our knowledge - been invited to attend. OurMagistrate told us that the Chairman would not act as arbitrator. But to ourdisillusionment we must reveal that he did not tell us the truth, for according toBerichte der Rheinischer Mission a definite decision was infact given; it was made public in Germany.12. On 12 July another meeting was arranged with the representatives of theEvangelical Lutheran Church in South est Africa, with the aim ofinstituting peaceful co-operation. This meeting, like so many others,was unsuccessful because the buildings which, as the case developed, hadbeen closed to the Rhenish Baster Community could not be released for use. 13.On 23 August 1960 arrangements were made for a deputation from theCommunity to attend a meeting with the Education Department in order toash the Department to appoint a non-white administrator for theCommunity's schools in the Gebiet. The Department has no power to do thisbecause the law forbids it.We, for the Community's part, have thus done everything in our power toresolve this church dispute in a peaceful manner, but have not succeeded in doingso. The Administration has not done so much to settle the case for us. They

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 100are willing only to urge us everywhere to take the case to the Supreme Court.Now, is this a peaceful solution?The facts which appear in this report are true and correct. There is noa singlemisrepresentation of fact. All dates are correct and accurate.(SECRETARY) P.O. Box 87, Rehoboth, South West AfricaIn reply please refer to No .....REHOBOTH BASTER COIiNNITYTelephone ..........Inquiries .......... MagistrateREHOBTH.................19....TO 1HOM IT MAY CONCERNThe following is a decision adopted during the Board meeting held on 15 March1960:"l. The Board declares that the land and buildings hereinafter designated wereplaced at the sole disposal of, or bestowed solely upon, the Rhenish BasterCommnity, which has no connexion with or affiliation to the EvangelicalLutheran Church in South West Africa (Rhenish Mission Church):"(i) The following parcels of land in Rehoboth village:

the parsonage building and plot; the Lind Memorial Hall, with buildings on thesurrcunding land; and the plot which was purchased from the Du Toits."(ii) The land and buildings on the Kwa was, Kobos, Noates, Rietoog, Grcendraai,Schlip, Usib, Aub and Bloukrans properties."2. i. The Board certifies that only the old-established Rhenish BasterCcncunity, which has no connexion with or affiliation to the Evangelical LutheranChurch in South West Africa (Rhenish Mission Church), is recognized by theBcard ard registered as such at the Baster Office."ii. The following are recognized as officers of the aforesaid Church: Pastor: Rev.P.F. Lindeboom. and such persons as nay denoutize for him;

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 101Secretary: Mr. R.A. Alcock, P.O. Box 87, RehobotLh; Treasurer: Elder J. Klazen,P.O. Box 56, Rehoboth; Evangelists: Bernard de Klerk and Daniel Cloete;Finance Conmmittee: D.W. Hermanus (Chairiran), C.D. Olivier (Secretary), J.Klazen (Treasurer), E. Alexander, Mrs. K. Carew and Mrs. P. Beukes."iii. Recognition is granted to the following rembers of the Action Committee asthe lawful and proper elected representatives of the aforesaid Community andChurch, and the said Action Committee has the right to co-opt additionalmembers at any time:R.A. Alcoch (Chairman), H. Olivier (Vice-Chairman), R.G. Britz (Secretary), J.C.Maasdorp (Assistant Secretary), and the following members: M. Olivier, J.Olivier, N. Olivier, A.J. Beukes, A.C. Cloete, H. Olivier (Schlip), J. Beues, H. vanWyk (Snyman), J. Klazen and S. Beukes (hobos)."iv. The elders now serving on the Church Board are recognized as the lawfulelected members from the Conmmnity."CERTIFIED A TRUE COPY.A. ChatwindMAGISTRATECAPTAIN, REHOBOTH BASTER COMMUNITYREVENUE STAMP1/- Date: 24 March 1960REHOBOTH, SOUTH iEST AFRICA46. Petition, by cablegram received on 20 September 1960, from Mr. H. Olivier,Chairman, and Mr. R.A. Alcock, Secretary, Action Committee of the RhenishBaster Community, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralRYNS BASTER CHURCH'REHOBOTH REPPESENTATIVE OF 98PERCENT OF BASTER PEOPLE REQUEST EAPRNESTLY YOURATTENTION AND IMMEDIATE ACTION IN THE NE! EVANGELICALLUTHERAN APARTHEIDS CHURCH INTRODUCED IN THE GEBIETAGAINST THE SPIRIT OF ARTICLE 22 X USE OF CHURCH AND SCHCOLBUILDINGS GRANTED BY STATUTORY BODY KAPTIN AND BASTERRAAD FOR USE BY RYNSE BASTER CHURCH X BASTER RAAD DOES

NOT RECCGNISE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN GEBIET XNET. CIURCH REFUSES ADMISSICN

A/AC. 73//4EnglishPage 102IN BUILDINGS GRANTED TO RYNSE CHURCH X ALLREPRESENTATION FOR SOLUTION FRUITLESS X NO CONFIDENCE INMANDATOR X TIMELY INTERVENTION ILL ASSUREDLY AVOIDPOSSIBLE BLOODSHEDCHAIRMAN H OLIVIER SECRETARY R A ALCOCK47. Petition, by radiogram received on 2 January 1961, unsigned, from Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralTHE SECRETARY GENERAL UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATIONNEWYORK EXPECTED EXPLOSION IN CONNECTION WrITH STRIFE INRENISH MISSION CHURCH BROKEOUT ON MONDAY NIGHT TWENTY SIX THELVE SIXTY STOPUMBRAGE BETW'EEN TWO REHOBOTHIAN PARTIES OF CHURCHSTOP HUNDREDS OF AFRICANS TOOK PART ON EVANGELISTLUTHERAN SIDE ON REQUEST OF MEMBER OF E L CHURCH STOPHORRIBLE SPILLING OF BLOOD PREVENTED MIRACULOUSLY STOPREQUEST UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION THAT WHEN GENERALSECRETARY VISITS SOUTHAFRICA HE CALLS ON REHOBOTH XAWAITING EXPEDITIOUS REPLY X VERY URGENT X

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 103I CO48. Petition, by letter1/ dated 6 February 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes andMrs. Willimina Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the UnitedNationsIn the serious unrest which threatens the people, I seek protection as a populationunder mandate. The following has occurred:- The attack by the Lutherans on the Rhenish Community was launched in secretlike an ASSASSINATION. The attack took place in the evening of 26 December1960. This is a very delicate matter. We ask the United Nations Committee onSouth West Africa to come and investigate the case impartially. Fortunately, theRhenish congregation awoke in time, otherwise a cruel massacre would havemysteriously occurred.It is our urgent request that, without delay this time, a commission should be sentto investigate before there is any recurrence of the violence which still threatensevery day. Here is visible evidence that the Government is siding with theLutherans against the Rhenish.

Our urgent request is that you communicate with the Administrator of South WestAfrica so that the case may be held in abeyance until the investigatingcommission arrives.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes(signed) W. Beukes(Mr. and Mrs. JACOBUS and WILLIMINA BEUKES)49. Petiticn, by cablegram received cn 10 February 1961, from Mr. R.A. Alcock,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralINVITE SOUTHWEST AFRICA COMMITTEE OF UNITED NATIONSORGANISATION TO REHOBOTH WITH THE VIEW TO CONSOLIDATEOUR LAST COMMUNICATION IN DEC 1960 R.A. ALCOCKl/ Original in Afrikaans.I.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 10450. Petition, by letter-/ dated 19 February 1961, from Mrs. dilhemina Beukes andMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralWith all respect, may I ask you to consider the following matters which are ofinterest to us, the people of Rehoboth:1. The Union Government has committed the following grave offence againstworld opinion:2. It is a very serious matter that the Union Government, which accepted theobligations of the Mandate, should claim the right to prevent or obstruct thecoming of the United Nations Committee of inquiry. The Union Government hasalready contemptuously neglected its obligations and has thereby violated moralcommitments and human rights, deliberately making it clear that it alsocontemptuously rejects the Bible, as is borne out by the events here in Rehoboth. Irespectfully ask you to regard my two letters of 2 and 6 February 1961 as aserious matter. This will be remembered with gratitude when the United Nationsdecides what attitude to take towards the Rehoboth people in order that its landand people may be preserved, for we are threatened daily, just as in the case ofKatukura. We are not a conquered people. We are among the Allied Powers.3. The Union Government presented us with alternatives which are an affront toall morality and human rights. For the proposed college or university, theAdministration wants, as a gift, twenty hectares of land on which the buildings forour schools are to be constructed. The Union Government no longer consults theUnited Nations. If the people cast a favourable vote it is certain that the GroupAreas Act will come into force and that the aid fund will also be drawn upon. Isthere no help for us, the people of Rehoboth, so that we may keep our dearly wonrights? The Union Government demonstrates by its conduct that it regards the oldLeague of Nations and the United Nations as false. We are under the Mandate, butwe do not enjoy our rights under the Mandate. The criminal provocation is nowbecoming worse every day. We can no longer bear the oppression of Katukura.

Britain, as the Mandatory Power, must be asked: "What has happened to ourrights?" In previous letters I have already referred to Cameroun.l Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 105We, the people of Rehoboth, have made heavy sacrifices to help build upcivilization, yet now human rights and civilization are denied to us. The danger toour property is worse than Katukura. As you already know, the members of theWomen's League have asked whether there is now no way of saving us from theKatukura system.We humbly ask what is the reason why we must lose our sworn property rights.We ask how long we must suffer in this way. This proves to us that all officialstreat us arbitrarily.(Signed) Mrs. Wilhelmina Beukes (Signed) Jacobus BeukesFor the Women's League51. Petition, by telegraml/ received on 23 May 1961, from Mr. H.C. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa to the Committee on South West AfricaUnion Government uses International Court of Justice case as an excuse to delaythe coming of the Committee while putting pressure on the Baster Board toconclude an agreement. Please stop Government immediately.H.C. Beukes52. Petition, by cablegram received on 31 May 1961, from Mr. Johannes Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsTHE BASTERRAAD OF REHOBCTH HEREBY CORDIALLY INVITE THESOUTH WEST COMMISSION TO VISIT REHOBOTH GEBIET DURINGTHEIR TOUR OF INVESTIGATION.JOHANNES BEUKES53. Petition, by letter'/ dated 5 August 1960, and enclosures fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General"Petition"I beg to refer to the state of affairs here in Rehoboth, as follows: First of all, theoffice building here in Rehoboth is now completed and bears these inscriptions: a.Whites, b. Citizens, c. Bantu. Neither the Baster Board nor the citizens reccgniseapartheid in our Territory. The Baster Board absolutelyl/ Original in Afrikaans./.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 106refuses to participate in the work of that office in order to serve Rehoboth's causethere. This absolute refusal has been communicated in writing to theAdministrator. Rehoboth takes its stand alongside world opinion againstapartheid. I ask what attitude the Board must take. Prevent violence, get in touch

with the Administrator of South West Africa. I attach two letters for purposes ofclarification. The fee demanded for a petition is striking; no fee was charged forprevious petitions. I feel that this constitutes a discriminatory challenge to freehuman rights. I ask for clarification.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesIn replying please refer to: No.A.S.81/21SOUTH WEST AFRICAOffice of the Administrator WindhoekSir,Your petition to the Captain and members of the Advisory Board has beensubmitted to the Office of the Prime Minister. On instructions from the PrimeMinister I would inform you that the Secretary-General of the United Nations iscoming to the Union for discussions with the Union Government and that it is notin any case the intention that he should visit South West Africa. Furthermore itmust again be brought to your attention that the Union Government does notagree that the former League of Nations has been replaced by the United Nations.It would consequently be entirely inappropriate for the Secretary-General to go toRehoboth for the purpose you propose.The Administration shares the view of the Union Government.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) (illegible)ACTING SECRETARY OF SOUTH WEST AFRICA Mr. J. BeukesP.O. Box 46REHOBOTH

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 107SOUTH WEST AFRICAOffice of the Administrator Windhoek1 August 1960Sir,On the instructions of Mr. D.T. du P. Viljoen, the Administrator, I am toacknowledge receipt of your letter of 29 July 1960.The Administrator regrets that he is unable to grant your request, but hehas already decided to uphold the decisions of the Baster Board so far as possible.The Administrator assumes that the Board had a good reason for collecting the feeof five shillings, and you are therefore advised to send your application throughyour Board, which you yourself elected.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Mariush MaruCitizen Jacobus Beukes PRIVATE SECRETARYP.O. Box 46REHOBOTH54. Petition by letter,1J dated 24 August 1960, and enclosures fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa "Urgent petition"

This has now become necessary again as a result of the state of affairs here inRehoboth. As the attacked statement will show, our people now stand on thethreshold of violence; this is a challenge. We are afraid that our letters to theUnited Nations will be kept back; I therefore respectfully ask whether my latestletters, of 25 July 1960 and 5 August 1960, have arrived. If these two letters havearrived, please reply urgently. Our people are in a critical situation; we do our bestto keep our people calm, but we are persecuted where we are. Since the case hasbegun here, I respectfully request you to get in touch with the Administrator atonce. Please reply as quickly as possible.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes lj Original in Afrikaans,./i. .

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 1c8Enclosure"Negotiations on our people's historical existence, held at Rehoboth, 1905"P.O. Box 46Rehoboth24 August 1960Sir,With reference to my previous letter, I continue as follows. "Clarification." Beforethe departure of the Rev. F. Heidmann, who was succeeded by A. Blecher, asynod took place here at Rehoboth in 1905."Opening"Mr. Eich, the headmaster, took the Chair. The purpose of the negotiations was toplace everything on a proper footing before the Rev. F. Heidmann's departure.(a) The rights possessed by the missionary.(b) The transfer of the rights by F. Heidmann.(c) The building of a new church.With regard to (a), the missionary's rights are limited to those enjoyed by the Rev.Mr. Heidmann, and no others. The pastoral duties were handed over to A.Blecher. The erection of the new church was rejected on the ground that thechurch would have had to be built in the name of the congregation. Although thebuilding materials were ready and preparations had been made for a collection,the community unanimously cancelled the building of the church.After the session, the Rev. Mr. Heidmann expressed his views; it so happened thatI had to deliver a telegram to the Reverend; on that occasion the Reverend toldMr. Sovichen: "I shall not do what the synods expect of me. My Community hashad a hard time, and will have an even harder one."In the initial period from 1870 onwards, when Rehoboth took possession of itsproperty, there existed between Hermanus van Wyk and the members of hisCouncil a Reverend H.K. DiehlPastor in chargeRhenish MissionP.O. Box 21

Windhoek

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 109mutual trust, founded in Christ, under which no matter concerning the communitywas to be disputed without the co-operation of the Rev. Mr. Heidmann. Thismutual trust and co-operation were so strong that the small population was keptsafe in the face of superior numbers of the enemy, namely, Jan Jonker Afrikaner,and the wars which following in 1881, 1882, 1894, 1896, 1903, 1904, 1914 and1925. The sacrifices firmly established our land and our people's rights throughGod's grace.Reverend Mr. Diehl, I ask you most respectfully, in your profession in which youbear the name of pastor-in-charge in virtue of your religious learning, by whatright you drive us out of our deeded property? As the foregoing shows, it has nowbecome necessary to refer the case of the church and school to the InternationalCourt of Justice and to make the case known throughout the world.I have the honour to be, etc.(signed) Jacobus Beukes55. Petition, by letteri/ dated 1 September 1960, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General"Protest"Permit me with all respect to submit my protests to you. The questicn atissue is the ban imposed by the Union Government to the effect that theinhabitants of South West Africa have no right to address Petitions to the UnitedNations, as stated in the Original communication which I have already sent to theSecretaryGeneral and the United Nations. In this case I ask whether there is anypossibility of sending communications through to the United Nations? I haveinquired by Cable about communications to which I have not yet received a reply.I also wish to inquire about the letter of 12 June 1960, to which I attached twonewspaper cuttings. If it is true that we can no longer send communications to theUnited Nations, then I must say that, in my opinion, we have been placed under acold-war r6gime of Martial Law.If the Union Government contemptuously flouts the only trustworthy orderavailable to solve the world's problems, this certainly cannot be tolerated atl Original in Afrikaans.i.e.

A/AC.73/4En~glishPage 110all. Peace must reign on earth; that is the goal of all peoples. For this reason I beg,with all respect, for a reply by return of post.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes"Petition"P.O. Box 46

Rehoboth1 September 1960Sir,In our people's interest do not keep silent. Permit me, with all respect to submitthe following protests:1. How long must our people remain under the stranglehold of the UnionGovernment?2. By what legal right does the Union Government send a delegation to theUnited Nations, inasmuch as it does not recognise the United Nations? Asstated in a communication which I have already sent to the United Nations andalso to the Secretary-General, the Union Government also treats the law withcontempt, for it maintains that the Inhabitants have no right to sendpetitions to the United Nations. This is even a breach of Act 80, article I,of the Charter.3. It is a conspicuous fact that the Union Government treats the MandatedTerritory as its own property instead of as a Mandate. Thus the UnionGovernment claims domestic rights, whereas under the rules of the mandate,the mandate can be replaced by a subsequent arrangement at any time.4. The latest proceedings in the case of our church and school clearlyindicate that a goal has been reached, whatever that goal may be. In orderto reach that goal, both the United Nations and the Bible are flouted,provided only that the goal is reached. I am profoundly confident that theUnited Nations and the representatives now at the session will decide that rightsand justice are to prevail; this will further strengthen the United Nations. In thisconnexion I refer to the newspaper cuttings which I sentto the United Nations, although I have so far received no reply in thatregard. I am profoundly confident that we shall now be free from oppression....

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 111We have now been kept in a stranglehold for forty years. I therefore askMr. Eric Louw, the representative, whether the Union Government has compliedwith the moral obligations which it assumed on 17 December 1920. If youranswer "Yes", I ask you whether that answer corresponds to the treatmentgiven here in Rehoboth, inasmuch as the people of Rehoboth were placed underArticle 22 by the former League of Nations and were to remain in that statusuntil they became of age. The Union Government took us over with all ourrights; with our own administration, Captain and Volksraad; with our churchand school - independent and sovereign - and also our right to carry arms.These rights the Union Government has taken from us and has made them itsown. In the proceedings in the case of our church and school we were not evenoffered a compromise; thus our people's ideology and Ideals are alsotaken from us. I respectfully ask, is this the Trusteeship which the UnionGovernment undertook for the people's well-being? We ask for deliverance at

the current session.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes"Petition"P.O. Box 46Rehoboth1 September 1960Gentlemen,I respectfully request that the following should be referred to theAdministrator of South West Africa, and also to Dr. Verwoerd, the PrimeMinister of South Africa, at Cape Town.As a result of the present course of events here in Rehoboth, our people are nowin a state of tension. For this reason I must inform you of the following.1. All possessions of the former German Government: under the Treaty of1885 the German Government never had the right of ownership. The right ofoccupation was merely for protection. The German Government was defeated inthe World War. Hence the occupied territory reverted to the possession ofthe Captain, Board and Burghers.2. The German Government lost the war./. .

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 1123. The Burgher Captain and Board of Rehoboth took their stand with theAllied Powers on behalf of right and property.4. Of the population of Rehoboth, thirty-five were killed in action and forty-fourwounded. There was also damage to property: fifty-five heavyox-waggons, including carts fully harnessed with oxen, were destroyed, andhomes were plundered of good worth severan millions.5. On these grounds I appeal to the Board that all buildings erected by theGerman Government should revert to the ownership of the Captain, Boardand Burghers. I therefore ask the Board to take drastic action to ensure thatbuildings are not demolished but are retained as the property of thepeople of Rehoboth. I ask what Government has paid us compensation.6. The course of events has now shown the way for us, as a people undermandate, to address an immediate request to the Secretariat of the formerLeague of Nations: the Versailles Treaty of 19 January 1919; the divisionof rights among the great and the small who took their stand with theAllied Powers; the conversion by the Union Government of rights to landedproperty in Rehoboth, when the Mandatory sends people into Exile and Slavery.We have no compromise with regard to our property; thus we lose our rightsunder a system of Discrimination. For these reasons I urge the Board to callon the people immediately to make powerful appeal to the United Nations forreference to the International Court of Justice.(signed) Jacobus Beukes56. Petition, by letter!/ dated 15 September 1960, and enclosures from

Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa to the Secretary-General"Protests"I respectfully refer to apartheid, which is automatically applicable to blockNo.212. In this matter there is a dispute between the Advisory Board and thepeople. The Board is contesting apartheid illegally, against the will of the people.The Board requests protection under the Agreement with the Union1] Original in Afrikaans.i/.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 113Government against apartheid. The people stand unanimously against apartheidand agree with the World opinion against apartheid under the Statutes of theUnited Nations, not under the Union Government. We respectfully request thatArticle 22 of the former League of Nations should be applied. The Board is onlyan Advisory Board and has no right of decision in our legal affairs. For this reasonwe do not recognize the protection which the Advisory Board assumes under theAgreement. The Agreement conflicts with Article 22 of the Charter of the UnitedNations and also with World opinion. Even the 1923 Agreement was illegal andcontrary to the people's will and also to our own constitution, which was the basisfor the action taken by the Militarists against us as early as 1925 and will never berecognized by the people, as already stated in the United Nations Report. Thedifficulties are all due to the fact that the Union Government has failed to live upto its obligations and has contemptuously flouted the United Nations. What theAdvisory Board is aiming at, namely, to dispute apartheid under the Agreementwith the Union Government, is a great deception directed against our own people.To all appearances, the Advisory Board is merely being used here as a pretext toreduce our people to impotence. Where the Advisory Board must act for thepeople's welfare it has no rights, but where the matter relates to something to thepeople's disadvantage it has full rights. The Advisory Board was elected for oneyear only and has remained in office; it cannot legally remain in office any longer.We respectfully ask that we should be delivered, at this season, from thestranglehold in which we have now been gripped for forty years. This isconvincing proof that the Union Government can no longer retain the Mandate inview of the contempt it has shown towards the United Nations. T enclose a cable.We conclude by saying, a-ay with apartheid; away with the Advisory Board.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 114"Copfy"OVERSEAS TELEGRAMDate: 13 September 1960

From: Jacobus Beukes, P.O. Box 46, Rehoboth To: Macmillan, Prime Minister,10 Downing Street, London REHOBOTH ON SIDE ALLIES 1914 WARSOVEREIGN. UNDER MANDATE KING GEORGE VI MANDATORYPLACED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS ARTICLE 22 ACCORDING TOVERSAILLES DECISION 19 JANUARY 1919. WHEREIN REHOBCTH' SRIGHTS GUARANTEED SUPPORT LEAGUE OF NATIONS ARTICLE 22LAO IN THE USE OF UNITED NATIONS. OUR SINCERE THANKSJACOBUS EEUKESP.O. Box 46Rehoboth14 September 1960Sir,With profound respect I address a request to the Representatives of overseascountries for permission to put the following questions to Mr. Eric Louw:1. Whether the Union Government, in its actions in connexion with the moralcondition, human rights and landed property of Rehoboth, has discharged itsTrusteeship for the welfare of our people?2. The Union Government repudiates the obligations it assumed to send petitionsfrom our people to the United Nations. It is a very dangerous matter that theUnion Government thereby declares the United Nations to be in the wrong. Inview of this, on what legal foundation does Mr. Eric Louw, the representative,rely in putting his case to the United Nations?3. I sent a cable at the time to the Prime Minister asking him to release HansBeukes so that he could study at Oslo; I pointed out that this had nothing to dowith politics, but Hans has not been allowed to go. Hans had had to relinquish hisrights; do you think that is moral?4. If the Union Government had complied with its moral obligations of 17December 1920, there would certainly not have been so many difficulties even ifdifficulties had arisen, they could have been resolved. But in this case the UnionGovernment has conte=ptuously flouted the United Nations and even the

A/AC . 73/4EnglishPage 115advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice. What was intended for theSocial and Material development of the underdeveloped peoples has also come tonaught in our case.5. Instead of the Union Government complying with its obligations, the oppositehas occurred: violation of human rights, oppression, pass laws, impoundmentlaws, expropriation, etc.6. I must point out to Mr. Eric Louw that the Union Government took us over asa sovereign independent people, with our Captain and Volksraad, our church andschool. If the Union Government had complied with its moral obligations, ourpeople would have been in a flourishing condition. Instead of this, we move aboutour property in a bitter state. Everything has been taken from us; we exercise our

rights under an appearance of legality by permission of the Union Government;and we are liable to exile at any time.7. Mr. Eric Louw, I must draw your attention to the fact that a body has beenestablished to solve the World's problems in the interests of peace, and that is theUnited Nations. If the Union Government does not recognise the Unitedorganisation how can right prevail? In acting in this way, the Union Governmenthas forfeited its rights.8. Mr. Eric Louw, it vas not my intention to make a sharp attack on you, but onthe action regarding our property and livelihood. This prompts me to ask youwhether you are not ashamed to take from us, for the purposes of the UnionGovernment, the property that was won with our blood. I must make it clear thatjust as the Union Government must care for its people, so we must do the same.Then there is the disgraceful action concerning our church and school, whichcloses the church door on us. The privilege which our ancestors, under God, wonfor us has also been taken from us by the Union Government. Mr. Eric Louw,does not the Union Government fear God, when, through political exploitation, itdeprives us of the birthright bequeathed to us by our forefathers? For thesereasons we address a very urgent appeal to all Christian peoples and Christianauthorities to halt the Union Government in the deliberate pursuit of its goal. Werespectfully ask that as soon as this communication arrives, the church door beopened to us, as it was for 113 years free from suspicion. We do not introduce anyelement of doubt into our request.We hope and trust that we shall receive satisfaction.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC .7/EnglishPage 116 r57. Petition, by cablegram-/ received on 28 September 1960, frcm Mr. J. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsPEOPLE OF REHOBOTH BASE FUNDAMENTAL EXISTENCE ONTREATY 1885 WHICH CONFIRMS SOVEREIGNTY UNCHANGED UNDERMANDATE FORIER LEAGUE OF NATIONS ARTICLE 22 SUCCESSORUNITED NATIONS REHOBOTH'S SPECIAL STATUS UNDER MANDATECONFIRMED BY SOVEREIGN SESSIONJ. BEUKES 7 /58. Petition, by letter/ dated 3 October 1960, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Office of the High Commissioner for the UnitedKingdcm, Pretoria, South AfricaWe hereby respectfully ask that this letter be referred to the United Nations, NewYork, USA. I hereby most respectfully beg to express my deep inner feelings asfollows:As the result of a deep inner consideration of the matter, I have come to thefollowing conclusion as regards the situation here in Rehoboth:

Rehoboth's population is the smallest population group that is placed underMandate and has stood independently at the side of the Allies for right andproperty. The Mandate was intended to lead us to maturity. In direct contrast withthis, we have been placed under an automatic tyranny. The people of Rehobothwere administering themselves; Rehoboth was established as a Christiancommunity; and its continued existence was according to the Bible and wassovereign. For this reason, I here most respectfully address an inquiry to thedemocratic Goverrnments as to the way in which matters here in Rehoboth areadministered and handled and maintained. Have truth and justice ceased to exist?Or have we been left to shift for ourselves? If this is the case, then mankind isapproaching a critical stage, "Why is this". In the past there was always for goodor bad an understanding for peace. On occasion this was not perfect, but there wasalways something to go by, that is, under a compromise based on confidencewithout suspicion and not involving any mortal danger.1/ Original in Afrikaans./...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 117What is at present happening now that the Second World War has ended? Thefour great Powers have not established peace on a fundamental basis. Thefundamental basis was built on science, which is supposed to bring peace. Sciencehas now gone off on a path that cannot lead to peace. The effect of this is oneagainst the other. Peace is thus completely excluded and its place taken bysuspicion by which everything is disturbed:a. Peace which is necessary for the continued existence of mankind is nolonger attainable;b. Science, which has so greatly prospered and has made human life bearablefor the welfare of mankind, has also become subject to doubt and suspicion;c. The implacable attitude toward Germany demonstrates and gives clearevidence that mankind has been left to its own devices. Instead of livingin peace, the German people are living in deep anxiety. The same is trueof Rehoboth;d. The small population, namely South Africa as Mandatory over South WestAfrica, does not recognize faulty conduct. Instead of the Union Governmentconducting itself as it should under the Mandate, it sees faults in others,e.g., the Congo. In such case, what confidence does the Union Governmentenjoy with the United Nations?"In connection with peace"Europe is the principle of the civilization by which the under-developed peoplehave forged ahead and achieved independence, whereas among the people ofEurope there is discontent.Europe must stand together in order to bring about peace in Africa; the disunity ofEurope cannot bring about peace. That will never happen. Just as Europe hasendowed the under-developed peoples with civilization, so must it now restore

peace; there must be no disagreement there in the case of peace. Peace hasnothing in common with politics. In the peace negotiations in Europe and Africa,a complete armistice must be strictly proclaimed for a period of fifty years. TheUnited Nations must then be strengthened so that it can send peace commissionsthroughout the world for the purpose of gathering together all disputes andbringing them before the United Nations. The important thing is the recovery...

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 118of Germany, for if there is no such recovery, there can be no likelihood of peace.It was there that the war began, and it is from there that peace must come. Thefour great Powers must then come to a decision based on trust in order toeliminate new weapons completely and be content with the old weapons. "Why".The new weapons are of no advantage to any nation, and there will be no victoryfor any one. The latest development for the benefit of mankind gives promise ofthe ievelopment of wonderful things that will make human life so easy that therewill no longer be any thought of war. I hereby most humbly ask the four greatPowers to beware of differing to the point that they have recourse to arms. Thepeople who work for true peace have a fine character; this is the foundation onwhich we human being are based. Reconsider everything and turn back to peace.,My final question relates to the matter of our Rehoboth people under Mandate.Are we to be administered automatically or under law? I await an answer to thisquestion.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes59. Petition, by letter dated 11 October 1960, from Mr. J. Beukes, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary-General"Urgent Preliminary Report"With profound respect, I once more make my appearance before you. With regardto matters here in Rehoboth, it has become important for me to make an urgentpreliminary report as follows:1. A Congress of the Teachers' Association was held here in Rehoboth. At themeeting, a motion of confidence in the delegates of Mr. Eric Louw and those fromWindhoek came to light. A motion of confidence must be sent. Certain membersof the Teachers voted against this by a majority. This is a completely unjustmotion, because the teachers are here in Rehoboth solely for school purposes andhave nothing further to do with matters of concern to Rehoboth. Although it wasvoted down, such a motion can nevertheless be presented there through deceit;since we, the people of Rehoboth, are treated in arbitrary fashion. I respectfullyask that inasmuch as such a motion was presented, an immediate investigationshould be undertaken. We do not retreat one inch from our complaints1/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC. 3/4English

Page 119which are now before the United Nations. It is my humble wish that Mr. EricLouw should present specific evidence from the people of Rehoboth of what theUnion Government has done for us under the Mandate; I refer here to Article(22). Instead of this, the Union Government has deprived us of our rights. We aresubjected to an autcmatic domination and to the threat of political exploitations.The only possible salvation for the people of Rehoboth is through the UnitedNations, through a change in the Mandate. I therefore respectfully ask theCommittee on South West Africa to take drastic action in the case of Rehoboth.This cannot be recognised, because the Union Government) as early as 1925Ptook action against the people of Rehoboth and against the Hoachanas and theKatukura Windhoek. The action taken was not for the welfare of our people) but,on the contrary our people were systematically treated like slaves. The UnionGovernment took us over with all our land and its boundaries. The UnionGovernment has, however, arrogated the rights to iself with the insolent wordsthat this land lying within our legal boundaries does not belong to anyone. Theonly rights granted to us by the Union Government are those pertaining to theReserve and Location system. By this means, the Government is entitled at anytime to treat our people as slaves. The Union Government is hard to understand.The Union Government talks about democracy and Christianity, but where is theevidence of this? The opposite, as stated before, exists here in Rehoboth with ourchurch and school, which we no longer have access to even though they are ourproperty. It is a known fact that where democracy and Christianity are found,tranquillity and peace also prevail and exist. Here, however, the opposite of this istrue; here there prevails unrest and insecurity and various kinds of oppression. Weask since South West Africa is a mandated territory - is there not any relief for usfrcm the supervisory country? One thing is sure - although the domination of thewhites exists, we have the feeling that this is our country. The whites are here toeducate us but not for the purpose of oppressing us. It is my profound hope thatthe present session will find a solution beneficial to the people of South WestAfrica.(signed) J. BeukesI...

A/AC.73/4EnlishPage 12)FootnoteHis Excellency, Mr. Dag. HammarskjoldSir,The persistent power of the Union Government is very serious. That is to say, inthe name of democracy and Christianity. The refusal to submit reports to theUnited Nations; the insistence on the Republic; the persistence in its policy ofApartheid; and the suppression of human rights. The persistence in its objectivesthrough the Divinity as is the case here in Rehoboth. If the Union Governmentrefuses to co-operate with the United Nations, what kind of morality is the Union

Government following? It is my opinion that the Union Government does not fearthat its conduct may react against its own people. There can be no doubt that thereexists a higher Power for right and justice. I do not want to condemn the UnionGovernment, but its own conduct gives ample evidence. I have had to go throughmany difficult days in the interests of the people. The people's interest is a verydelicate matter that is in need of invisible help. Our people's way of life was verygood as regards morality and its Christian way of life was good. If the UnionGovernment had dealt with us in a right spirit, we would have beccme strong. Wenow find ourselves in a neglected state. The reason for this is that the UnionGovernment has not been kindly disposed towards our people. In my opinion, thesole aim of the Union Government is to drive us frcm our property. This is theprincipal aim of the Union Government. It is a cause of dissatisfaction that theUnion Government has no sympathy for us. The attitude in which the UnionGovernment persists can never guide our people or suit them. The conduct of theUnion Government has thus far been such that even if the Union Governmentbrings about a changey we will not believe it. It has no love for human rights forother peoples but only for its own people. I respectfully ask you to inform me assoon as this communication reaches you, because the Union Government doeseverything possible to prevent our ccmmunications frcm getting through byreason of its prohibition against petitions.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 12160. Petition, by letteri/ dated 18 October 1960, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralThe situation with regard to Rehoboth's affairs, Rehoboth's historicalestablishment in 1870, has led me to do this. Because the Union Government hassent a delegation to the United Nations, this has led me to the conclusion that Ishould clarify what happened in connexion with Rehoboth's basic existence.1. The Union Government took over the people of Rehoboth with theirimmovable property and other possessions and with their Government underCaptain and Volksraad and even with their home defence force, which had beenestablished in accordance with the Treaty under German discipline - our countrywith its boundaries with the name Basterland. In accordance with the basicexisting rights, the former League of Nations placed us under Mandate inaccordance with article (22) until we should become able to manage our ownaffairs. This occurred because we did not yet have the qualifications and thepopulation was only 44,000. I hereby describe the state of affairs here inRehoboth.2. Mr. Eric Louw, the above-mentioned rights have been inconsiderably takenfrom us. Our country shrunk in name from Basterland to Reserve; we have the useof our property only under licence.3. Mr. Eric Louw, I must bring to your attention, as referred to above, thatalthough we retained our rights under the Treaty, the German Government

reduced the area of our land in the west as well as in the south. A protest was thenlodged and subsists to this day. As administered under the Mandate of the UnionGovernment, we are now living in a critical situation, and our national existenceis in a neglected state. We are automatically administered; we do not hereby evenhave a compromise with regard to our property. The Union Government took overour national existence in good order. If the Union Government had complied withits obligations, where would we now be? The Union Government takes theopposite line that we have no right to human rights. It is striking that Mr. EricLouw points his finger at someone else, for the procedure under which we aregoverned is so shot through with politics that there is nothing to go by.1/ Original in Afrikaans....

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 1224. We are administered in such a way that we must for the sake of peace submitto whatever is done on our property. The purposeful continuation of the UnionGovernment cannot be tolerated by civilization. The Union Government isattempting through the churches even to apportion the Divinity. This is a veryserious matter. God Himself said, "Give under Caesar the things that are Caesar'sand to me the things that are mine". We, the people of Rehoboth, were establishedindependent and sovereign on the basis of the Rhenish Mission, as we haveexisted as such for 113 years. For some purpose, whatever it may be, our namewas forcefully changed from Rhenish to Lutheran. We have had profoundexperiences with God within the 113 years from our establishment. This is ourbasic existence. Here with us there exist only two things in the Divinity -Edification and Expansion and nothing else. I am fully confident that this time theCommittee on South West Africa will take a virile stand in the case of Rehoboth,and that we also shall begin to give attention to human rights. Bear in mind thatwe are fighting for our rights and property. We want our hard-won rights restored,and we want to preserve them for our people.(signed) Jacobus BeukesP. o. Box 46Rehoboth, 18 October 1960"Annex"Hereby with respectful reference by His Excellency, Mr. Dag Hammarskjold.For the independent States of Africa.We, the Rehoboth, most urgently call upon the African States which were underMandate until independence, and to which all experiences are familiar, to heedour pleas. Our case is before the United Nations. We respectfully ask you to helpus at the United Nations in order that we may break loose from the stranglehold inwhich the Union Government has held us for the past forty years. As will be seenat the United Nations, the Union Government has deliberately refused to complywith its obligations. If the Union Government refuses to comply with its moral

obligations for the welfare of mankind, then the Union Government cannot beentrusted with human beings. We here in South West Africa live together with

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 123various races. Please also help the representatives who are there to plead for SouthWest Africa. I have another request; there is one of Rehoboth's sons by the nameof Hans Beukes. He is still young, but give him a chance. Our parents did notallow us to have anything to do with political matters when we were young. Onlythe Deity can relate many eventualities which he has seen. I personally wasbrought up mostly in German and not in Afrikaans. I have a report which Ireceived from the United Nations. I asked Hans to explain the English to mebecause I do not understand English. Hans then said to me, "Grandfather, wecannot get mixed up with politics". Hans went away to study; we urgently needlawyers. I then appeal to all African States which have become independent tospare no effort in helping Europe with peace. The African States which havebecome independent must be grateful to Europe for peace in so far as generalpeace prevails throughout Europe and Africa. Science can exist only for thewelfare of man. Furthermore, all nuclear and atomic weapons must beconfidentially banned; then a general armistice for fifty years; then friendlyrelations will again flourish abundantly among the people of the world. The mostrecent knowledge that is yet to come will bring forth fruit to make human lifeeasier so that war will be forgotten. I hereby conclude with the good expectationthat the present session will bear good fruit also for us who are living underoppression so that we may also rejoice that we have been redeemed. I respectfullyawait a short answer from His Excellency, the Secretary-General to my previouscommunications and now again to this present one, since His Excellency is awarethat a prohibition has been placed on petitions.I have the honour to be, etc.(signed) Jacobus Beukes 9cv61. Petition, by letter l/ dated 27 October 1960, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralThe state of affairs here in Rehoboth has induced me to lay the enclosedcommunication before you. As this is a matter of vital importance to the people inwhich the people have in their desperation called on Her Majesty Queen ElizabethII for help, the same call for help is sent through the United Nations.l/ Original in Afrikaans.I.°

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 124a. The church dispute has been automatically imposed upon us from outside. "Asingle church for non-Whites". This means apartheid."Proof"

b. No interference in church disputes by the Government. To whom isattributable the apartheid policy which is automatically imposed upon the peopleof Rehoboth? Does this come from the church leaders or the Government? c.The holding back of the appeal for help to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II hasmade a deep impression; this is clear proof that there is no help for us on earth inthis case.d. Referral of the matter to the High Court does not concern us in any way. Fromour point of view this is a purely theological matter which is of no concern to theCourt. This, as stated a1ove, was not a dispute which originated with us. Towhom is attributable the policy of apartheid which the Government, like Pilate, isnow innocently trying to wash its hand of? In this matter the Bible is our Court.We are striving to retain our sworn property rights which the Union Governmentis taking from us cold-bloodedly. Who gives the Union Government the right todo this?In conclusion, I respectfully ask to be informed whether this communication hasbeen received. I have not yet received any reply to the latest communication.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesIn reply please quoteNo. E.M.2/8SOUTH WEST AFRICAOFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATORWindhoek12 October 1960REFERENCE: CHURCH DISPUTE REHOBOTHWith reference to your official letter of 19 September 1960 addressed to theSecretary of the Governor-General, Pretoria, I have been instructed to inform youthat His Excellency the Prime Minister has considered this matter. In a previousmatter, a similar request was received by His Excellency from another inhabitantof Rehoboth, and the reply given vas as follows:

A/AC . 73/4EnglishPage 125"The Prime Minister has asked me to inform you that it was unfortunatelynot possible to reply sooner to your letter of 26 July with reference to theabove matter. You will understand that he had first to be informed of the detailsconcerning the difficulties that have arisen in connexion with thechurch dispute in Rehoboth."With reference to your request to the Prime Minister, I must inform youthat the Government cannot interfere in a church dispute of this character. Itis entirely correct that in its dealings with the Coloured community theGovernment exercises the greatest goodwill, and it is for this very reason that,except in an effort to bring about a leaceful settlement, it would be improperfor bodies or persons connected with the Government to interfere in a dispute inwhich Coloured persons were involved on both sides. Interference would be

particularly inappropriate where property rights were at issue, and animpartial judgment by a court of law was required. That is the position inthis case with reference to the church matters and the related educationalmatters."Considering that the efforts by the Administration of South West Africato bring about a peaceful solution have been unsuccessful, the Prime Ministercan only recommend that, in the event of the parties to the dispute beingunable to arrive at an agreement on their own initiative, the matter should bebrought before the High Court in order that judgement may be given as to whoare the legal successors of the Rhenish Mission Church".I have been instructed to state that the above letter represents theGovernment's position with regard to the church dispute in question, and havebeen further instructed to explain to the petitioners that the Government is unable,for the reasons stated in that official letter, to recommend that His Excellency theGovernor-General forward the petition to London. Apart from the embarrassmentthat this would cause Her Majesty, it would be completely inappropriate to takeany action by which Her Majesty the Queen might become involved in thisdispute, which can be settled by the parties themselves or by a judgement of theHigh Court.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) illegibleMr. Jacobus BeukesP.O. Box 46 SECRETARY FOR SCUTH WEST AFRICARehoboth ,/...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 126 )62. Petition, by cablegramI/ received on 31 October 1960, from Mr. J. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralPEOPLE OF REHOBOTH INFORM UNITED NATIONS SESSION THATTHEY BASE FUNDAMENTALSOVEREIGN EXISTENCE 1870 ON TREATY 1885 VERSAILLES TREATY19 JANUARY 1919 MANDATE FORMER LEAGUE OF NATIONS ARTICLE22 LEGAL SUCCESSOR UNITED NATIONSBEGIN ESTABLISHMENT AS A NATIONJ. BEUKES63. Petition, by cablegram-/ received on 14 December 1960, from Mr. J. Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralRESPECTFULLY RESTORE CONSTITUTIONAL POSITION PEOPLEREHOBOTH UNDER THEMANDATE AS IT WAS WHEN THE UNION TOOK US OVER DAMAGEALREADY GREAT J. BEUKES64. Petition, by cablegram-/ received on 20 January 1961, from Mr. JacobusBeukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General

REGULATIONS A/4643 1563 TO 1568 (XV) ADOPTED BY UNITEDNATIONS NEW LIGHT ANDINSPIRATION URGENTLY NECESSARY RECOMMENDATIONS 1566 TOBEGIN IM4EDIATELY TO GIVE EFFECT TO X 1588 PARAGRAPH 4 ASQUICKLY AS POSSIBLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLESSOUTH WEST AFRICA AWAIT YOUR GREETINGSJACOB BEUKES65. Petition, by cablegram received on 15 February 1961, from Mr. JacobusBeukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralALGEMENE BURGER VEREENIGING REHOBOTH INVITE UNOCOMMISSION FOR SOUTH WESTAFRICA TO HEAR THEIR EVIDENCE AS TO CONSTITUTIONALPOLITICAL VIEWPOINT OFREHOBOTH GEBIETJACOBUS BEUKES1/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 12766. Petition, by cablegram j/ received on 10 February 1961, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsREPEAT HEREBY PREVIOUS INVITATION FOR THE COMMITTEE TOREHOBOTH IN ORDER TO MEET REHOBOTH CITIZENS.JACOBUS BEUKES67. Petition. by letterl/ dated 2 February 1961, from Mr. Jaccbus Beukes,Rehobotn, Souza West Africa, to tae becretary-GeneralI propose, in accordance with resolution 1566 (XV) of the United Nations GeneralAssembly, that the assistance of the specialized agencies and of the UnitedNations Children's Fund should be made available for the economic, social andeducational development of South West Africa. We hereby apply to the UnitedNations, under paragraphs 2 and 5 of the resolution, for the grant of immediatefinancial assistance to the citizens of Rehoboth and for the immediate institutionby the Food and Agriculture Organization of a programme of assistance here tosupport the inhabitants of Rehoboth and put them on their feet again.That the United Nations Scientific Organization should investigate the mineralresources of the territory and develop them as a source of income.In conclusion I respectfully wish to inform you that the assistancerequested in this letter is urgently needed, as our people are in great want owing tothe protracted drought. It is our respectful expectation that the assistance will berendered to us as quickly as possible.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) JACOBUS BEUKESl/ Criginal in Afrikaans.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 128URGENT PETITIONP.O. Box 46Rehoboth2 February 1961Sir,With profound and fervent respect I wish you great good fortune andstrength, as do the multitude who have proclaimed peace. Peace goes hand inhand with right and justice. Mlay God grant you this in abundance.1. It is very evident and deeply disappointing to us, the people of Rehoboth, thatthe Union Government contemptuously disregards the Charter and statutes, and,just as even in the church dispute, sows unrest in the Divinity. That is to say, thesame contempt as referred to above has been shown in the Rehoboth churchdispute.2. At the last meeting of the Advisory Board, the Government presented theBoard with two alternatives, i.e., that the Board must pay for the newly erectedbuildings in the amount of £28,000. If the Board agrees to this, religioussegregation will cease; if not, it will remain in effect. The buildings referred tohave been erected on the condemned block 212.3. This runs counter to the ancestral Constitution of 1870-1871-1872-1874 andto the statutes of the United Nations. We therefore respectfully request theimmediate restoration of what the Union Government took from us at the time.We hereby also lay claim to our rights which, under the Peace Treaty, form partof the Allies. We stood independently side by side with the Allies and sustainedheavy losses as a result.For this reason we urgently beg tne United Nations to hasten to ourassistance immediately, so that we may preserve our ethnic unity, our social rightsas a people and our sovereign rights.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) JACOBUS BEUKESThe Secretary-General of the United NationsNew York

A/AC. 73/4 English Page 129ANNEXTHE MAIN POINT OF THE "URGENT PETITION"(1) Since the Union Government has failed in its duty as Mandatory overRehoboth, we no longer have any confidence in that Government.(2) The Union Government is trying to acquire immovable property inRehoboth, and this cannot happen in any circumstances. It is in conflict with ourConstitution and the Charter and statutes of the United Nations.(3) The Union Government is deliberately setting itself against the Charter of theAllies and subjecting free people to slavery, as in Rehoboth for example.

(4) Our urgent request is that, as we have already requested, we should bereinstated under the status previously fixed by the former League of Nations. Thecontempt of the Union Government for the United Nations has been anencroachment on our human rights. We are administered under an automaticsystem. Our request is that we, the people of Rehoboth, should be given clearrecognition. We place ourselves under the Mandate in the status of training forour coming-of-age. The decisions taken by the Advisory Board must therefore beset aside as unconstitutional.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) JACOBUS BEUKESI-/68. Petition, by letter l/ dated 24 February 1961, and enclosures, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsIn circumstances of great urgency due to the state of affairs here in Rehoboth, Ienclose various documents which I shall number:1. Dr. Fabregat's radio report made me very grateful and relieved me greatly. Itherefore promise Dr. Fabregat my thanks if he will at all costs give effect to hisreport. I call on all African States to support Dr. Fabregat. In respectfulexpectation I shall wait to see whether my request is published.1/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 1302. I have modified letter No. 1 by No. 2. I send letter No. 1 asevidence of the extent to which the Union Government's behaviour has troubledthe women's minds. Letter No. 3 explains the obstacles with which we have tocontend.3. I respectfully ask the United Nations to caution Mr. John Viall thathe has no right to do controversial things in our territory while at the sametime he rejects our petitions with many threats. I shall appreciate it if youwill warn Mr. John Viall to desist.4. In conclusion we, the people of Rehoboth, define our position asfollows:(a) Our independent basic existence from 1870 onwards, which wassubsequently recognized and legalized by the Treaty of 1885, and which later stillcame under the mandate and statutes of the former League ofNations, which has now been replaced by the United Nations.(b) Our basic existence was one of sovereignty. We belong to the Allies.We stood beside the Allies in the World War of 1914. We were not placedunder mandate as a conquered people. For these reasons, it is ourrespectful wish that a commission should be sent for the indisputablebenefit of our Rehoboth people.5. We ask the commission on our sovereign basic existence as anindependent people under the mandate and under the legal assurance of guidingus towards maturity. Hence the Union Government can no longer be allowed to

administer our people of Rehoboth, since the Union has demonstrably beencontemptuously and deliberately remiss in its duty. The flouting of moralobligations and human rights can no longer be permitted.(Signed) JACOBU3 BEUKESNo. 1 ?.0. Box 46Rehoboth22 February 1961Dr. ViljoenAdministrator of South West AfricaWindhoekFor tra nsmission to Dr. Venicerd, Prime isr of e Union of So -th AfricaSir,,Wit- reference to our administration under -he tr eeship which theUnion Ccv'eromient assumed on 17 :ecer JJCC to a ziter our land and oecple

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 131for the benefit of our population, it must ensure our economic, educational andcultural well-being, and thereby recognize and promote our Christian welfare.1. As reported herein, the Administration's behaviour does not make for thewelfare of our people. In the course of the long period of authority over ourRehoboth people, it has become intolerable to us, because we are administeredaccording to the good pleasure of the officials.2. The intolerable administration has led us to the conclusion that we see nofurther prospect of being able to remain under this unbearable regime any longer.It will be better if you opened fire on us with machine-guns and cannon.3. Since our administration does not consent to treat us as human beings, we nowsee that the only way out will be to choose death, for our unchallengeable basisfor existence has been taken from us. This is our own RHENISH CHURCH.4. It is a source of astonishment to us that the Government, as a ChristianGovernment, should wish to change us against our wishes and in automaticdisregard of our basic existence over the past 113 years. This is contrary to theHoly Bible, in which God Himself has said: "Render unto Caesar the things whichare Caesar's, and unto God the things which are God's."5. We dedicate our mourning to the Most High, like Abel and like Naboth. We,the Rehoboth League of Christian Women, remember the toil of our forefathers,and honour God and our forebears; wherefore we now choose death.We now close our letter with the signatures of our League of Women:We have the honour to be, etc.CHAIRMEN: MEMBERS:(Signed) Wilhelmina Beukes (Signed) G. BeukesH.E. Wellmann " E. CloeteMaria Kassen " S. CarewS. Morkelillegible

it A. MorkelIf A. van Wykit E. HorkelIf illegibleIf E. Olivierif ? Van WykIt E.R. Aman

P.O. Box 46 Rehoboth 23 February 1961Dr. Viljoen Administrator of Windhoel:For transmissionSouth West Africato Dr. Verwoerd, Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa.Sir,Translation identical with letter No. 2 above, except as follows: Para. 1: "longperiod of authority" becomes "forty years of authority". Para. 2: replace secondsentence by the following:"For what is a people without its church? Its soul isdispossessed - it is dying".Para. 3: "as human beings" becomes "as citizens of Rehoboth"; after"the only way out" insert "for us".Para. 4: "God himself has said" becomes "the Master Himself has said".CHAIRMEN(Signed) Wilhelmina Beukest? H.E. WellmanMaria KasserME I-MERS: (Signed) ? Cloeteif D.E. Dunn; Anna MorkelSuzan MorkelS. Barron"t G. BeukesJohanna Van Wyk" vM. ? Van WykE. SaemPaulina CarewS. CarewL. Olivier J. OlivierT. CarewT. Van Wyk R. Van WykE.R. Aman illegibleAletha Van WykAnna LouwA/AC.73/4EnglishPage 132

No. 2

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 133No. 3 P.O. Box 87Rehoboth, South West Africa 23 February 1961 The Secretary-General TheUnited Nations New YorkSir,I hereby wish to inform you that at a policy meeting held on 24 January 1961 Iwas elected by the citizens as Burgher Chairman. In this connexion please acceptand acknowledge the following copy: COPYIn reply refer to: No. B.2/5REHOBOTH BASTER COMMUNITYMr. R.A. AlcockP.O. Box 87REHOBOTHSir,You are hereby informed that at the recent policy meeting you wereelected by the citizens to be Burgher Chairman for the year 1961.Please let me know as soon as possible whether you accept theappointment.I have the honour to be, etc.John VialFor the CAPTAIN, REHOBGTH BASTER COMMUNITYoooooooooOO00oooooooooo In view of the foregoing, please register my nameand recognize me in this capacity.Thanking you in advance,I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) R.A. Alcock Burgher Chairman Rehoboth Baster Community,Rehoboth, South 'Jest Africa

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 134The Burgher ChairmanRehoboth Baster ColmmunityP.O. BoxRehoboth, South West Africa23 February 1961The Secretary-GeneralUnited NationsNew YorkSir,I hereby wish to inform you of the following:

1. The Administration of South West Africa wishes to obtain from the BasterBoard a gift of land on which it proposes to erect a modern high school for non-whites. The people oppose a donation but feel that education must not be heldback. What can you do?2. The Administration of South Africa is willing to grant loans againstmortgages on land of the Baster Community. Loans are acceptable, but only asmall group of people, who will be able to repay them, can avail themselves ofthese loans. Moreover, the Government is virtually unconcerned about the vastmajority of citizens who do not have any flour in their homes at present owing tothis severe drought. Famine is raging here. You must please helpIMThEDIATELY.3. There are hundreds of needy and aged people here who are receiving nosupport from the Government. Many people here have become incapacitated forwork as a result of contagious diseases. I and Mr. Jacobus Beukes, an oldcompaigner for the people of the Baster Comunity whose acquaintance you havealready made through his many petitions, are among those who have beenvirtually abandoned, or rather left, to our OWN FATE. I wish to make clear at thispoint, with all the emphasis at my command, that what Mr. Jacobus Beukes hasbeen telling you all these years is the complete TRUTH.Conditions here in Rehoboth and in the Gebiet are really critical. As regardsconditions outside the Rehoboth Gebiet, I am not able to give you muchinformation. I shall confine myself to saying: "Wat has been done to us here inRehoboth Gebiet is certainly not unlknown to other non-white races." The drcughthas now lasted a full two years. There are many ways in which the Administrationof South 'Test Africa stretches out a helping hand to the whites. I shall now put

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 135to you this pertinent question: "Wheie is the place of the non-white here inSouth West Africa? Must he be chased about from one wild, inhospitable tract toanother, and to introduce civilization there so that a little later the white man cancome and disposses him?" You really know so little of our sufferings than you donot meet us halfway. I do not blame you for this. It is the Union Government'sduty to look after us, but it does not do so. It is all the same to the Governmentwhether we live or perish. If this Government had taken to heart the case of thenon-whites of the Rehoboth Gebiet, it would have nade provision forty years agofor:(a) TWorl in the Rehoboth Gebiet in co-operation with our Baster Board.(b) Old Age pensions for the poor old people, here in the Rehoboth Gebietand elsewhere, who just sit and lie about unfed and wait for death. Whatsympathy has CUR Government for such people?(c) Disability pensions for those who, AT CNE TIME in the dim past, were ofservice to country and people (if one may speak of such things in thecase of non-whites).(d) Ex-servicemen's pensions for those who were wounded or otherwise

disabled in His Majesty's service.(e) Should not our widows and orphans, too, be supported by the Government,or is there no longer a place for them in the community because they havebeen orphaned?(f) Are the people of our Baster Community so healthy (even though we areunderfed) that they may not be provided with a resident physician?(g) ThVnere are cur welfare ogffcers and social Workers who can crawl into ourpeople's hovels to study living conditions and recommend improvementsin our way of life?(h) Why is there no sign of a CLDTIC here in Rehoboth, where schoolch4lrer can 1-avTe their teeth extracted and receive other forms of medical carey oeole are as1in whet'her these th-ngs are unattainable for the nonwhite. the>asters and Colcureds as -iell as Ta.mas and Berg. Damaras. The people are alsoasking 7Thether -.,hat is good 7rhe -zhite nan is so harmful to the non- hie tY, heccrn ,- it,. -,_7eFor a er e white ,cersons here in Rehoboth-7th are --el a'1 : a e of.. _ a-d yet a-re o -n -a pe7sien. This 4S/...

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 136incomprehensible, especially when one takes into account the fact that, generallyspeaking, laws should not be passed which discriminate between white and non-white.If you, or your representatives, were to institute an inquiry today into the realconditions in which the people of the Baster Community live, you would beshocked to find that there are at this moment people in Rehoboth who can nevereat ONE proper meal. Does cur Administration know about this, and, if so, why isits attitude so cold and unsympathetic?In view of the nature and the seriousness of the situation here today, I rake onemore friendly but serious appeal to you please to investigate this matterIMVMEDIATELY. Send food supplies for our people, PROVISIONS, as quicklyas possible, for they will not be able to hold out much longer. And in this appealon behalf of my people I shall place ALL my trust in you.On behalf of the citizens, I thank you sincerely for such supplies andfinancial assistance as are available for us but which are unobtainable throughofficial channels owing to the limitations laid on our BASTER COUNCIL by ourAdministration. They are not permitted to apply for such items.Thanking you in advance,I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) R.A. Alcock69. Petition, by cablegram-/ received on 7 March 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsDISTURBANCES 26 DECEMBER X COURT BIASSED IMPERATIVEIMPARTIAL INQUIRY X CONTINUATION SITUATION ISDETERIORATING

JACOBUS BEU1TS1/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC.73//4EnglishPage 13770. Petition, by cablegran/ received on 11 March 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beuhes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsREHOBCTH COMMUNITY WISHES TO KNOW WHETHER THERE ISSTILL ANY HOPE THAT THE COMMISSION WILL COME. SITUATIONDETERIORATING. REPLY URGENTLY.JACOBUS BEUKES71. Petition, by letter1- dated 13 March 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary, Committee on South West AfricaWith all due respect, I take the liberty of referring to the question of Rehoboth,which has already been amply dealt with by the United Nations and is at the sametime being discussed at the Conrnonwealth Conference. As regards all humanmorality and law, I should like to know whether South West Africa is alsoincluded in the moral concept. This question is intended for the delegation ofSouth Africa, His Excellency Dr. Verwoerd and Mr. Eric Louw.1. I ask the question, as mentioned above, whether it is right for the UnionGovernment to disregard its moral obligations, and even the statute and Charter ofthe United Nations, with respect to South West Africa. This is 1nown in fulldetail.2. With respect to the Commonwealth Conference, I wish to inform hisExcellency Dr. Verwoerd and Mr. Eric Louw that the people of the MandatedTerritory of South West Africa are groaning and weeping under the criminaloppression and provocations, and that this is happening both among the people ofRehoboth anJelsewhere.3. The criminal oppression has affected our church and schools, and this hasfrankly confused cur people and destroyed the way of life which we havefollowed for 113 years.4. What of our hard-won rights which are based on sworn fundamental rightsand which were legalized and were also recognized by the Imperial GermanGovernment in the Treaty of 1865 and also cur sincere co-operation with theGerman Government in maintaining peace and tranquillity f.ror lc to 107. TheI/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 138establishment of our rights is conmemorated by the monument at Windhoek,which stands unchanged.5. On these grounds, it is our deep and humble wish and desire to retain ourbasic existence under the Mandate until we reach maturity.

6. The fundamental purpose of the Commonwealth and the United Nations isto solve the world's problems by legal means. Hence, we the people of Rehoboth,hope that our detailed complaints will be taken into consideration by the UnitedNations, and that we- shall be allowed to take part in education in the same wayas any other people under the Mandate.Cur humble hope is that this time we shall be given satisfaction.(Signed) Jacob Beukes72. Petition, by letterI! dated 18 March 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary, Committee on SouthWest AfricaI have the honour to bring the enclosed communication to your notice forpurposes of information as also for action on our behalf. The withdrawal of HisExcellency Dr. Verwoerd frcm the Commonwealth provides clear proof that theUnion Government is reluctant and unwilling to come to terms with the basicexistence of our human rights and at the same time thereby contradicts the moralbasis of mankind. Rehoboth's complaints constitute convincing evidence thatmodern life and civilization are incompatible with the decision of the UnionGove rnre nt.The convincing evidence has now become a reality at the CommonwealthConference by the fact that His Excellency Dr. Verwcerd has withdrawn hisdecisions. We hereby respectfully ask what is now to become of the Mandate overSouth WHest Africa. According to what has already been stated, we see nofurther chance for the Union Government to continue to administer South WestAfrica.1/ a i Afrikaans.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 139We ask the United Nations to take drastic action against the Union so that the olddesperate oppression may come to an end and further casualties may beprevented.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesEnclosureP.O. Box 46Rehoboth17 March 1961The Secretary of the House of Common 10 Downey StreetLondon... For the attention of His Excellency Mr. Macmillan ... Sir,With regard to the situation here in Rehoboth, we most respectfully address HisExcellency Mr. Macmillan, who has assumed the moral right over the Mandate,South West Africa, as follows:Excellency, permit us to express ourselves respectfullyas follows.1. We hereby respectfully ask, with reference to the Conmonwealth

Conference, whether Britain, as well as the Union Government, answered thequestions of the Mandate.2. We point out to His Excellency Mr. Macmillan and to Dr. Verwoerd that thelove which they have for their countries is the same as the love which we have forour hard-won country. We thus humbly trust that our present desperatesituation will be dealt with by the high members of the Commonwealth with rightand justice.3. We respectfully appeal to both statesmen, namely, His ExcellencyMr. Macmillan and Dr. Vertrerd, to inform the Commonwealth concerning themoral obligations assumed by Britain under the Mandate which was given to it bytheold League of Nations and then transferred to the Union Govermnyent withoutconsulting the inhabitants of the Mandated Territory, South -Test Africa.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 1404. We respectfully draw the attention of the high statesmen to ourfundamental sworn property rights which were established in the year 1870 andwhich cur ancestors had to preserve by their toil through dark and difficult yearsso as to hand them on to us and cur descendants. Whereupon we must now enduredark days and sleepless nights because of our property.5. We are deeply confident that the Commonwealth will strengthen theUnited Nations as the only body in which the problems of the world can besolved.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesP.S.Enclosed for purposes of information is a further document which has alreadybeen sent to the United Nations. 2/2/ The cetitioner also enclosed the registration certificate dated13 March 1061, covering a letter or postal article sent to the SecretaryDf the mcuse of Com.ons.

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 14173. Petition, by letter /dated 5 April 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Committee on South West AfricaMemorandumI hereby most respectfully send this memorandum to statesmen to remind themthat whereas peace was proclaimed by the Higher Power, whom all mankind mustrespect, so have the earthly powers been appointed who do not carry the sword invain. The purpose of this is to maintain peace. To this end the four great Powershave set up the United Nations, in order to keep the peace and at the same time to

ensure the social and moral education and the material and economic existence ofmankind.(a) The United Nations must be regarded throughout the whole world by allpeoples respectively as a mediator for peace and must be protected from anyaggression or attack. Members of the United Nations must be provided with someoutward sign, which must be respected and which must be capable of putting anend to disputes so that negotiations can be held with the contending parties,failing which the four great Powers must intervene. This does not mean that theyshould intervene in order to continue the dispute, but only to keep the peace.(b) Hereby the fact that there exists a Higher Power must be strictly borne inmind. For this reason, the United Nations must really be strengthened. Then theimportance of the Charter and Statute will really be established, and the eventswhich have taken place in South West Africa will never occur again.(c) The most important thing of all is that the four great Powers should againstand together in harmony, as they did in the two world wars, in order to keep thepeace. If this happens, the smaller nations will desist from their mutual hostility.Peace is the great goal which recent developments will make the most importantof all for the welfare of mankind, and science will be able to play its full part inchecking plans for war. In the present state of world relations, peace, and nothingelse, is the only salvation. I respectfully ask that the mandate for South WestAfrica should be restored, since it is not enforced. We complain to the UnitedNations. We suffer terribly from the damage done to our education, and oureconomy is very weak. It will be one of the greatest disgraces if the Union1/ Original in Afrikaans

A/AC. 75/4EnglishPage 142Government achieves its purpose. The behaviour of the Union Government, as aChristian Government, does not make a good impression. The contempt which theUnion Government has shown for the United Nations is intolerable. This hasnothing to do with hostility, but only with right and justice.I have the honour to be, etc.(signed) Jacobus BeukesP.O. Box 46,Rehoboth, 7.April 1961I respectfully beg the United Nations and the African States not to allow theUnion Government to succeed in its inhuman behaviour.(a) The Union Government should no longer be allowed to hold the Mandate,because it has not carried out its moral obligations but has rejected themcontemptuously.(b) The church dispute here in Rehoboth has not yet been settled, as is evidentfrom the two attached communications. The Union Government is attempting toachieve its end at any cost, thus also causing confusion about the Divine Being.The Union Government is also trying to bring world opinion over to its side, so

that peaceful coexistence has also been thrown into confusion. The UnionGovernment itself proves this by its behaviour.(c) Forgive me for having to say this and bring it to your attention. The UnitedNations represents thorough peace, which was proclaimed by a multitude, and theUnited Nations cannot agree with the Union Government's professed beliefs,which defy all morality. We, the people of Rehoboth, beg for deliverance and atthe same time ask for a complete restoration of our rights as they were when theUnion Government took us over. Gentlemen, we are a people with sovereignrights over our property. We also belong among the Allies. We therefcre implorethe Committee to deliver us, so that we may receive the education to which we areentitled under the Mandate. We shall deeply appreciate being informedbeforehand, so that we may call our people together.(signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 143MEMORANDUMTo be laid before the United Nations Committee on South West AfricaBy the Action Ccnnittee of the Rhenish Baster Community of Rehoboth, SouthWest Africa CHURCH DISPUTE BETWEEN THE RHENISH BASTERCOMMUNITY AND THE EVANGELICAL CHURCHR .B.G.lSession of the Synod of the Rhenish Mission Church: 1-4 October 1957(a) The warning of the deputies of Rehoboth.(b) The disregard of this warning by the Synod.(c) The foundation of the UNWANTED NEW CHURCH: the EvangelicalLutheran Church for ALL NON-WHITE PEOPLES in South West Africa.Correspondence:1. Minutes of the Session of the Synod of 1-4 October 1957.2. Minutes of the Reverend Mr. Diehl's inaugural address as Chairman:Session of the Synod of 1-4 April 1960 at Rehoboth.R.B.G.2Registration of this apartheid church by the Bantu Commissioner(a) The Old Rhenish Mission Church was not an apartheid church.(b) The Ccniittee is losing the properties which were registered in thename of the Rhenish Baster Community, and which cannot betransferre. to the Evangelical Lutheran Church.(c) The registration of the church clearly shows that .a policy ofapartheid is being followed.Correspondence:1. Letter from the Bantu Commissioner to Dr. W. H. Weder.2. Translated letter from Germany... Paragraph 2.3. Minutes of the Ccmmunity meeting of 22 August 1959.4. Minutes of the Session cf the Synod of 1-4 October 1957, page 6.

A/Ac 7/EnglishPage 144R .B.G.3The Community is dissatisfied with the New Church.(a) The Community feels dissatisfied with the New Church inthe Gebiet.(b) The Community was not consulted about the New Church.(c) The Community wishes to preserve the tradition of theRhenish Mission.(d) The Community does not wish to lose its basic tradition.(e) Large Community meetings have been held in this connexion.Correspondence:1. Reply of the Action Committee to the "threatening letter" of theChurch Administration.2. Community meeting of 26 November 1958.3. Community meeting of 30 July 1959.4. Community meeting of 22 August 1959.Reaction of Missionaries:1. They showed no sympathy with the Community.2. They referred the fundamental question to the SupremeCourt.3. The Community has NO confidence in the Supreme Court.R.B.G.4Threatening letter to the officers of the Rhenish Mission Church.(a) Elders who wish to remain "Rhenish" are removed from office.(b) If the Secretary will not join the New Church, he will bedismissed.(c) The Rhenish Baster Community appoints the Action Committeeon 28 August 1959.Correspondence:1. Circular letter dated 27 August 1959 from the ChurchAdministration.2. Reply to this letter by the Action Committee.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 145R.B.G.5The Rhenish Baster Community is finally ejected.(a) The Reverend Mr. Vollmer refuses to hold prayers in his house...11 September 1959.(b) The Reverend Mr. Diehl disowns the Action Committee and theR.B. Community .... ............. ...11 September 1959.(c) The elders are dispersed .......... .12 September 1959.(d) Community decides on separate services. The Reverend

Mr. Beukes asked to fix the times ofservices ....................... ...12 September 1959.(e) The Community was driven from its church . . 13 September 1959.(f) The South African Police comes into thechurch ...... .................. ...13 September 1959.(g) The Reverend Mr. Vollmer maintains that this is,hite property .... ............. ...13 September 1959.Oral evidence:1. Members of the Action Committee ........... . (14).2. Elders of the Community .... ..............3. Members of the Rhenish Baster Community of Rehoboth . . . (350) R.B.G.6The German Missionaries' lawyers intervene.(a) The late Dr. Weder, President of the Legislative Assemblyof South West Africa.(b) The Community is ordered to hold services between 1 and 6 p.m.(c) Vollmer maintains that the church is White property..... . 20 September 1959.R.B.G.7Rhenish Baster Community calls on the Baster Board for aid.(a) The Baster Board holds discussions with Missionaries andAction Committee.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 146(b) Missionaries disown Action Committee and Community for thethird time.(c) Talks fail. Board will not listen to any section.Oral evidence:1. The Captain, his Baster Board and the Baster Clerk.2. The Action Committee and members of the Rhenish Baster Community.Reaction of Missionaries:1. No sympathy for the Community.2. Fundamental question referred to the Supreme Court.3. The Community has no confidence in the Supreme Court. R.B.G.8Evangelical Lutheran Community takes over property rights:(a) On 27 September 1959, the Community advocates closing thedoors.(b) The aid of the Baster Board is called on by the Rhenish BasterCommunity.(c) The Reverend Mr. Vollmer disowns and scorns the Baster Board.(d) The Reverend Mr. Vollmer takes his orders from Dr. W.H. WTeder.Oral evidence:1. Council Members J. Beukes and M. Dentlinger.2. Members of the Action Committee.3. Members of the Rhenish Baster Community.

Reaction of Missionaries:1. The Missionary R. Vollmer takes an aggressive attitude.2. The Missionary refers the matter to the Supreme Court.R.B.G.9The Reverend Mr. R. Vollmer closes the doors of the country school buildings.1. He orders the head masters of Schlip and Groendraai schools toclose down.2. He orders the head masters of Kobos, Aub and Rietoog Noatesschools to close down.I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 1473. He orders the head masters of Rehoboth and Eselmaanhaar schoolsto close down.4. He orders the head masters of Bloukrans and Usib schools toclose down, etc.Reaction of the Community:1. The Community dismisses the Reverend Mr. R. Vollmer from hispost as minister.2. The Community dismisses the Reverend Mr. R. Vollmer from hispost as Director of Schools.Correspondence:1. The Community's reply to his circular letter for Rehoboth.2. The Community's reply to his circular letter for Schlip.3. The Department's circular letter to teachers in Rhenish Schools. R.B.G.10Talks held between the Secretary of South West Africa and the Board.(a) Endowment document bears doubtful signatures.(b) The Action Committee of the Rhenish Baster Community repudiatesthe New Church.Reaction of church leaders and administration officials:1. The fundamental question must be decided by the Supreme Court.2. The New Church cannot be disbanded.3. Members of the Baster Community who belong to the Rhenish Missionwill be prosecuted at the request of the Reverend Mr. H.K. Diehl,according to Dr. Weder.R.B.G.11Talks with the ministers of the Rhenish Missionary Society. 12 July 1960.(a) The Community advocates opening the doors while the matter isundecided.(b) The Community does not wish to join the New Church.(c) It also asks that the Reverend Mr. H.K. Diehl should resignfrom his post as Director...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 148Reaction of the Missionaries:1. The Missionaries do not think it possible to leave the doorsopen for two sections.2. Under NO circumstances can the Missionaries disband theEvangelical Lutheran Church.3. The Department must dismiss the Reverend Mr. Diehl from his postas Director of Schools.4. The Ministers refer the matter to the Supreme Court. However,the Community has no confidence in the Supreme Court of SouthWest Africa.R.B.G.12Talks with the Director of Education ..... ........... 23 August 1960.(a) It informs the Director of its talks with the Missionaries on12 July 1960.(b) It asks the Director to have the Reverend Mr. Diehl dismissedfrom his post as Director of Schools, because the Communityrejects him.(c) The Community recommends that a Coloured director should beappointed.(d) Members of the Action Committee show the property deed.(e) The Community demands rent for its school buildings.Reaction of the Director:1. The Director says that he can do nothing for the Community.2. He, too, refers the matter to the Supreme Court. The Communityhas NO confidence in the Supreme Court of South West Africa. R.B.G.13Letters about the church dispute sent to the Prime Minister.(a) The Community refers to the church dispute in Rehoboth.(b) It refers to the unsympathetic attitude shown in the Director'sletter.I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 149(c) It refers to the unsympathetic attitude of the Administrator.(d) The Community asks the Prime Minister for help.Reaction of the Prime Minister:1. NO sympathy - he refers the matter to the Supreme Court.2. The Government can never interfere in church disputes of Colouredgroups.The Community has NO confidence in the Supreme Court of SouthWest Africa.Correspondence:

1. Copy of the reply from the Administrator of South Lest Africa.2. Copy of the reply from the Director of Education.3. Letter addressed to His Excellency the Prime Minister of SouthAfrica.4. Telegram of inquiry and replies from His Excellency the PrimeMinister.R.B.G.14The Reverend Mr. Diehl, Director of Schools, treats the Community withcontempt.(a) He describes the Community as an "Action Community" (Letter tothe head master of the School).(b) He has the school buildings of the Rhenish Baster Communityclosed ... at Aub.(c) He has the lights of OUR SCHOOLROOM, the Lind Memorial Room,removed. The education authorities used this room for singingpractice for the whole school, and not for one section only.(d) He gives the Reverend Mr. Beukes instructions to close thegates of the school grounds. N.B. The Lind Memorial Room,which is used by the Rhenish Baster Community for singingpractice and prayers, is situated on the school grounds.Correspondence:1. Letter from the Reverend Mr. Diehl to the head master of theschool (Rehoboth) 26 July 19i60.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 1502. Letter from the Reverend Mr. Diehl to the head master of theschool (Rehoboth) 17 August 1960.3. The letter from the Community to the Reverend Mr. Diehl27 September 1960.N.B. This closing of the gate resulted in the Community almostgetting out of hand on 26 December 1960 and in horrible bloodshedalmost taking place between the Basters and the Namas. Hundredsof Natives, who had been incited to do so, interfered in a disputewhich did not concern them.Reaction of the Reverend Mr. Diehl:The Missionary took the attitude that it did not matter to himat all what happened to the Baster Community in Rehoboth, as long ashe himself could carry out his assigned task. R.B.G.15The Reverend Mr. J. Beukes is asked to move out of the parsonage of theRhenish Baster Community.(a) The Community has appointed a minister and needs the Presbytery.(b) The Reverend Mr. Vollmer was asked by an attorney to have theparsonage vacated.(c) The Community is the sole owaer of this parsonage.

Correspondence:1. Attorney Orman's telegram to the Reverend Mr. Vollmer . 1 April 1960.2. The Reverend Mr. Beukes is politely asked to move out . 27 July 1960.3. The Captain is asked to have the parsonage vacated,and refuses . . . . . . ............ . . . 11 August 1960.4. The Captain and the Board are asked to make himmove out, but cannot do so .... ............. ..15 August 1960.5. The Reverend Mr. R. Vollmer refuses throughAttorney Weder . ......... .................. 5 April 196o.Reaction of the Reverend Mr. J. Beukes:The Reverend Mr. Beukes asserts that no power on earth will beable to remove him from this dwelling. He also defies the RhenishBaster Community of Rehoboth in every possible way.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 151R.B.G. 16The matter is brought before the United Nations.(a) The Community is unsuccessful in its case in discussions with theReverend Mr. R. Vollmer.(b) The Reverend Mr. Diehl, Superintendent of the Rhenish Mission, cannothelp.(c) The Baster Captain likewise cannot help and refers the matter tothe Supreme Court.(d) The Administrator shows no sympathy and refers the matter to theSupreme Court.(e) The Rhenish Church Administration has no sympathy and refers thematter to the Supreme Court.(f) The Community gets no help from the Prime Minister or the SupremeCourt.(g) The Director of Education refers the matter to the Supreme Court ofSouth West Africa.Correspondence:1. Letter sent on 19 September 1960 to the United Nations.2. Cable sent on 19 September 1960 to the United Nations.3. Cable sent on 28 December 1960 to the United Nations.4. Cable sent on 9 February 1961 to the United Nations.5. Replies frcm the Secretary-General of the United Nations.Cf.. also cables sent to Dr. Dekleine and Adcnhaucr.Cf. also the "open letter" to the Reverend Mr. Diehl and Dr. Dekleine. R.B.G. 17The Ccmmunity itself ccuses the ;arscnage to be vacated on 27 December 1960.(a) Previous attempts were reaceful, but ALL failed.(b) The Reverend Mr. Beukes defies the Ccmmunity to take any kind oflegal action.(c) The Reverend Mr. Beukes destroys the gates of the Rhenish Baster

Community.(d) The Community asks for the key to the Church on 26 December 1960.I...

A/AC.- 73/4EnglishPage 152(e) When the Community fails in this attempt, it causes the rarsonageto be vacated.(f) Several hundred incited Natives also intervened.(g) Police reinforcements arrived from Windhoek, having learned of thisintervention.(h) Horrible bloodshed miraculously averted.Correspondence:(CABLE) 1. United Nations immediately informed.(CABLE) 2. Dr. Ee Kleine, Barmen, Germany, immediately informed.(LETTER) 3. Intervention by Natives charged in letter to Captain and BasterBoard.Reaction cf authorities:1. Reply from Dr. Le Kleine - he will pay a visit in March.2. Reply from the United Nations - matter referred to the Committee onSouth West Africa.3. No reply from the Captain and the Board. The charges were probablynever considered. Charges repeated. R.B.G. 18Rhenish Baster Community demands rent for school buildings.(a) The Education repartment is willing to pay rent for the schoolbuildings.(b) The Rhenish Baster Community submits a claim.(c) The buildings were built and kept up by the Community.Correspondence:1. The Community possesses a deed.2. Letters and replies to letters sent in the matter to the Director.Reaction of the Director:1. The Director says that he wants to maintain the status quo.2. He refers the matter to the legal advisers of the Administrator.

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 153R.B.G. 19Talks with ministers of the Rhenish Missionary Society on 16 January 1961.(a) The Community again asks that the doors of the "Fauluskerk" Churchat Rehoboth should be opened.(b) The Community declares itself willing to welcome back members whojoined the Evangelical Lutheran Church if the Evangelical LutheranChurch is disbanded.

(c) The Community does not see how it can take back theReverend Mr. Beukes as its minister after all the contempt hehas shown for the Community.(d) The Community likewise does not see how it can accept the elders ofan Evangelical Lutheran Church as such, since they have defied theCommunity horribly during the dispute. A general feeling hasalready arisen that if the Community accepts these persons in theircapacity as office-bearers, it will be holding the Word of God.too CHEAP.(e) The Community appoints its own ministers and manages its ownfinances. Its property must be registered and maintained as Basterproperty.(f) The Community is also dissatisfied with the registration of the NEWchurch as an apartheid church.Reaction of the ministers:1. The ministers of the Evangelical Lutheran Church want the Communityto accept the Reverend Mr. Beukes as a minister; they also want ourministers to be appointed only with their consent and insist thatthese should be Rhenish and Lutheran ministers. They insist furtherthat we be affiliated with the Rhenish Missionary Society and thatthe Reverend Mr. Beukes should act as liaison officer.Statement by the Reverend Otto Milk: (see the minutes of the Assembly)"We are forced by the Government laws to register the Church withthe Bantu Commissioner".

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 154The Community's petition to the United Nations:1. The Community, most urgently but courteously, asks the UnitedNations to help it regain its property as soon as possible.2. Even before the year 19C6, when the building of the Community'sChurch was begun, the Community was labouring to build up itsproperty. The Baster Captain and his Committee even went so far asto alienate two Baster farms in order to make the building of theChurch possible. With great difficulty and trouble the otherbuildings, such as a hospital, dwellings, an engine-room,lavatories and even living quarters for the servants were built.The pulpit, pews, organ, trumpets, books, motor vehicle, theinstallation of electricity and of the water supply to and from thevarious buildings, and the hospital drainage system were providedwith funds from the Rhenish Baster Community, and not by members ofany Evangelical Lutheran Church. We now ask the distinguishedmembers of the Committee this question: "Must we lose thesehard-won properties and property rights simply because we do notwant to belong to this apartheid church...?"

3. This UNWANTED new Church has now finally driven a wedge between usand the other non-white peoples of South West Africa, since atChristmas-time their leaders and members deliberately incited theNatives against us. They allege that we will not share a House of God with othernon-whites. Here we wish once more to make it quiteclear that we will not and shall not belong to the "apartheidchurch". And it is our wish and our request that the distinguishedmembers of this Committee will support us in this respect.4. We also ask the distinguished members of the Committee to restoreto us all our RIGHTS and PRIVILEGES as a sovereign people...We are an independent PEOPLE, and, as such, we wish to belong toan INDEPENDET CHURCH, with CUR OWN PEOPLE in charge.I..

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 15574. Petition, by cablegram-' received on 12 April 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsACT ON A/AC.73/3, PAGES 182 AND 183= PREVENT FURTHERSUPPRESSION OF POPULATION BY VISIT OF COMMITTEE JACOBUSBEUKESP275. Petition,-by telegram-/ received on 22 April 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralPREVENT VIOLENCE IN CHURCH DISPUTE. MATTER REMAINSPENDING UNTIL COMMITTEE COMES. CONTACT PRESES DIEHLIMMEDIATELY. SITUATION DELICATE.JACOBUS BEUKES76. Petition, by letter1- dated 22 April 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-General.This letter and the preceding complaints show the necessity for the coming of theCommittee. We await some indication that the Committee will come. We ask theCommittee to come to Rehoboth, not for a short time, but for at least a month. Werespectfully hope that our wish will be granted.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesEnclosureProtestHis ExcellencyDr. ViljoenAdministrator of South West Africa WindhoekSir,With profound respect, I refer to your distinguished letter. I must pause to askwhat has happened to turn a dispute between brothers into an open break, sincel/ Original in Afrikaans. 2/ The references are to two earlier petitions from Mr.Beukes seeking urgent

economic and financial assistance for the Rehoboth community from the UnitedNations, the protection of their land against mortgage to the territorialAdministration as security for loans, protection of their church'and school,and the establishment of an administration in accordance with the Mandate andthe Charter.

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 156an open break is now being considered. In other words, may I respectfully askwhat the situation is with regard to the brotherly dispute between the NationalistParty and the United Party? Is this not affected by the decision to which you referin your letter? However that may be, my remark was not intended to lead to abreak but to peaceful coexistence and the restoration of mutual confidence.Do you not realize that since the whites set foot here in Africa, it was we whotoiled together with the whites to build up and maintain civilization? I beg you togive heed to my humble remarks about our people's thoroughly Christian way oflife. We are a small community, and we cannot quarrel. Our historical way of lifehas been guaranteed by peace for the past 113 years.We respectfully hope that you will meet the moral obligations assumed on17 recember 1920 when the old League of Nations provided for our preparationfor maturity under Article 22 of the Covenant, the United Nations being thesuccessor of the League of Nations. We regret our present treatment. We thereforehope that the United Nations Committee will immediately restore our rights towhat they were when the Union Government took us over.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes77. petition, by letter!/ dated 10 May 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary-General, and enclosed memoranda fromMr. Beukes dated 11 May 1961 and Mr. Beukes and Mr. E.A. Alcock "Urgentpetition"Please take note of this request, with deep inner reflection and concern. I ask thatthe Union Government should not be allowed to continue in its present conduct.1. The refusal to allow the Committee on South West Africa to come. What righthas the Union Government to refuse to allow the Committee to carry out itsduties? In my own opinion, this is a challenge to the United Nations and can neverbe permitted. It is a gross offence against morality, which is the foundation onwhich mankind is and must be based, for the Union Government is violatinghuman rights. I respectfully ask all right-thinking persons why the UnionGovernment has left the Commonwealth?1/ Criginals in Afrikaans.

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2. We respectfully ask what has been done to give us the training to which weare entitled under the statutes of the Mandate. The Union Government iscommitting a violation which, as the International Court of Justice must admit,cannot be allowed to take place. With regard to the Union Government's conduct,I feel compelled to say that the Union does not think that there must be any law orjustice. Yet the Higher Power says that, if the judge does evil in the eyes of theLord, the people shall be banished and placed under an alien Government.3. Gentlemen, we count as a people which independently took the side of theAllies, and we feel that we have the right to meet the Committee immediately,since the Union Government has had no regard for our interests. I humbly askwhether the Union Government has a guilty conscience, since it does not allowthe Committee to come. We invite the Committee to come directly to Rehoboth,as speedily as possible. It is well known that as a people our training has beengrossly neglected under the Mandate. For many years now we have been in adesperate position. My civilization also prevail for us, the people of Rehoboth.We await a reply to the preceding letters, because the situation is most desperate.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesP.S.Sir,With deep concern, I take the liberty respectfully to ask what is to be the Mandatefor South West Africa now that South Africa has become a Republic. The UnionGovernment has already maintained that after the Second World War nosuccessor appeared. It is well known that the Union Government claims mostvigorously that the Mandate no longer exists. What is to become of the Rehobothcommunity, which the Union Government obtained, together with its sovereignrights over its property, and which took the side of the Allies?1. We beg the Committee to come immediately, because the Union Governmenthas not fulfilled its obligations.2. We ask whether there is a successor to the Mandatory Power and who thatsuccessor is in order that the Union Government can never again say that nosuccessor has appeared.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 1583. This will be one of the most disgraceful things which has happened since thetime of Christ. The Union Government cannot be allowed to defy the UnitedNations by its conduct.4. Since the Union Government has not fulfilled its obligations under the rulesand the Covenant of the old League of Nations, or again its obligations to theUnited Nations, there can now be no legal grounds for disputing that the UnitedNations must immediately take over the Mandate for the welfare of the people ofSouth West Africa, so that peaceful coexistence in South West Africa may bepreserved. The Union Government must be seriously convinced of truth andjustice. 5. The Union Government, as a Christian Government, must be made torealize that lawful human rights cannot unjustly be taken away. The Rehoboth

Community is based on historical rights, just as the Union Governmentestablished its country on a basis of justice. Our forefathers did for theirdescendants what Jan van Riebek did for his. I must remind the UnionGovernment that, just as that Government celebrates a ray of the Covenant, wetoo celebrate a ray of the Covenant. Both the Rehoboth Community and the UnionGovernment owe thanks to the Higher Power. Nothing can happen except by thewill of the Almighty.(Signed) J. Beukes"The historical existence of the Rehoboth Community"MemorandumP.O. Box 46Rehoboth, 11 May 1961His ExcellencyMr. Dag HammarskjoldSecretary-GeneralNew York, U.S.A.Sir.,I should respectfully like to clarify the legal existence of the Rehoboth communityas has been mentioned.The basic historical existence on which the Rehoboth community was establishedfor posterity dates back to the year 1870. The people were represented by aCaptain and a House of Assembly, by the Rhenish Church and by their legal andsovereign successors.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 1591. The foundation was independent and sovereign, and was later threatened by aviolent war in which all the farmers, including those of Rehoboth took up armsagainst the Herero tribe in 1881. After this, Abrahm Swartbooi made war on theRehobothers and was defeated and driven out in 1882.2. The Rehobothers were then re-established under the Treaty of 1885 with theGerman Kaiser. After the conclusion of the Treaty, wars against the GermanGovernment broke out, and Rehoboth took part as an ally of the GermanGovernment. When German troops were being moved from Walvis Bay toWindhoek, the convoy was attacked by the Hottentots, causing loss of life andinjury among the Rehobothers in 1893. Then, in 1894, Naukluf attacked CaptainHendrik Witbooi; in 1903, Bondelswart Warmbad was attacked; and in 1904 twofarmers, Hendrik Witbooi and Samuel Maherero, were attacked. The Rehobotherswere then attacked by the German Government in the World War of 1914, and theUnion Government took military action against Rehoboth in 1925.3. Lastly, as explained Rehoboth's basic existence was given legal status, on theone hand, by the German Government and, on the other hand, by the successorsof the Rehoboth community, Hermanus van Wyk Opperhof and the members ofhis House of Assembly. Since our foundation we have preserved our basic

existence indisputed. We have full confidence that the United Nations will protectus and that our rights will be preserved in future, until we become a nation.Our hope and confidence strengthen us, because our complaints are known to theUnited Nations.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC. 75/4EnglishPage 100MEMORANEUM FRCM THE PEOPLE: REHOBOTH GEBIET:MEMORANDUM FROM THE PEOPLE TO BE LAID BEFORE THEUNITED NATIONS C04ITTEE ON SOUTH WEST AFRICAThe people are very grateful to the United Nations Committee on South WestAfrica for accepting the people's invitation to come also to the Rehoboth Gebiet.The people also trust that their long-standing needs will be satisfied through thisCommittee. The people of the Rehoboth Gebiet wish to thank the Committee inthis memorandum.1. The Agreement of 17 August 1923 (Proclamation 9 of 1933 and Proclamation31 of 1924) concluded between the Administrator of the Mandated Territory,representing the Government of the Union of South Africa, on the one hand, andthe Captain and Baster Board of the Rehoboth Gebiet, on behalf of their legalsuccessors and themselves, representing the Baster Community, on the otherhand, must immediately be revoked, and a temporary interim administration mustbe installed pending the election cf the present Council - with a temporary BasterCaptain, who must be elected for the time being - to carry out all necessary dutiesin the Rehoboth Gebiet.The interim period must not exceed one year from the date on which theabove-mentioned instruments are repealed. In the meanwhile elections must beheld.The Gebiet must be administered under the laws of our forefathers, which shouldbe revised and amended, if it is necessary and practicable to do so, by acommittee to be appointed for the purpose by the Captain and the Board.2. All powers, duties and functions must be transferred by the Administrator, asthe representative of the Government of the Union of South Africa, to the Captainand Board of the Rehoboth Gebiet at the earliest possible opportunity, under thesupervision and control of the United Nations until such time as the RehobothCommunity can take full charge of its affairs.3. (a) The landmarks and boundaries of the Rehoboth Gebiet must be recognizedas they were when the Union Government took over the Rehoboth Gebiet fromthe German Government.(b) The United Nations must set up a committee to investigate the landmarks andboundaries as they were before the Government Government took over the land

A/AC -7 3/4English

Page 161and as they were when the Basters bought the land from the Chief of the Namas,Abraham Swartbooi, with reference to the Drew report.4. (a) The United Nations must immediately lend its aid for the holding of aninquiry into the financial, agricultural and economic resources of the RehobothGebiet and the setting-up of a manufacturing industry.(b) The mineral resources and production of the Rehoboth Gebiet must beregarded as a possible source of income for the Gebiet.5. (a) Medical and health conditions in the Rehoboth Gebiet must immediatelybe improved by the appointment of physicians, nurses, and men and women socialworkers.(b) Disability, old-age and ex-servicemen's pensions, widows, and orphansallowances and the like must be introduced in the Rehoboth Gebiet as soon aspossible and must be made retrospective.6. The educational needs of Rehoboth Gebiet must be provided for in the mannerrecommended by the Education Committee, this to be a temporary arrangementuntil a committee with full powers can be set up to investigate and report on allthe educational needs of South West Africa.7. (a) Funds must be made available and/or a modern secondary school mustimmediately be established in Rehoboth, with the necessary premises, play-grounds, gymnasiums, quarters for boarders and all the facilities needed formodern education.(b) Compulsory education must be introduced for all children between the ages ofsix and sixteen years.(c) Education must be free, and money must be paid into a common fund as a partof the taxes of the Community.(d) The Captain and the Board must constitute the administrative organ foreducation in the Gebiet, but they may transfer their powers to a board ofeducation.8. Water from the local warm springs must be analysed, and the springs must bedeveloped as a source of health and income.9. A TownshipBoard appointed by the Captain and the Board must begin tocarry out its duties as specified by the Board....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 16210. Communications such as posts, railways, airways and roads must be organizedand maintained by the Board that is to be appointed by, and to be under thecontrol of the Captain and the Board. 11. Properties in the Rehoboth Gebiet mustbe controlled by the Rehoboth Community so that they cannot be sold, mortgagedor alienated in any way without the written consent of the Captain and allmembers of the Board. 12. (a) The Captain and the Board shall set up a civilservice to carry out the administrative work in the Rehoboth Gebiet.

(b) The police force must be returned to the command of the field-cornets in orderthat law and order may be maintained.(c) The field-cornets should have jurisdiction over the districts assigned to themby the Captain and the Board.(d) Military training should be given as the Captain and the Board see fit, and fire-arms must be regulated by registration under their supervision and control.13. The Rehoboth Gebiet must be divided into districts to be patrolled by field-cornets for the purpose of keeping law and order. 14. All inhabitants of theRehoboth Gebiet, without exception, shall be citizens of the Rehoboth Gebiet andshall pay taxes to the revenue office of the Community.No other country shall have any kind of jurisdiction over citizens of the RehobothGebiet or over any persons within the Rehoboth Gebiet.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes (Signed) R.A. AlcockHonorary Secretary Citizens' Chairman78. Petition, by cablegramnreceived on 16 May 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary of the Committee on SouthWest AfricaPROTEST AGAINST ACTION ADMINISTRATOR SOUTH WEST AFRICA.RESTORATION PROCLAMATION 26 OF 1923 UNCONDITIONALLY WITHADVISORY BOARD AGAINST THE PEOPLE'S WILL ILLEGALCONTRARY TO 1870 CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE 22 OF THECOVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. GET INTO TOUCH WITHADMINISTRATOR WINDHOEK IMMEDIATELY. MATTER ISAPPROACHING DANGER POINT. PROGRESS REHOBOTH AFFAIRS INSUSPENSE. AWAIT UNITED NATIONS COMISSION.JACOBUS BEUKES1/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 165r -2i79. Petition, by undated letter,- and enclosures, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Committee on South West AfricaI respectfully enclose a reply from Dr. Viljoen, Administrator of South WestAfrica, which, after careful thought, I have decided not to conceal.This was a reply to my letter, which I also enclose.(a) It is my humble hope that both letters will be examined by right-thinkingpeople. In my own opinion the reply does not make a good impression. Itencourages enmity between us and the whites.(b) Although, according to the Mandate, the Administrator's moralresponsibility for the people is supposed to derive from his concern for theirwelfare, his reply shows clearly that this is not the case. I shall say no more. I nowhumbly refer the matter to the right-thinking people. In conclusion, I respectfullyask to be informed whether this letter reaches you. P.S. I respectfully ask whenthe Committee will come, so that we can call our people together in time.

(Signed) Jacobus BeukesP.O. Box 46,Rehoboth5 April 1961Enclosure 1His ExcellencyDr. ViljoenAdministrator of S.W.A.Government BuildingWindhcekSir,I most respectfully beg leave to lodge my protests with you in connexion with thecomplete banishment of the whites from the Rehoboth Gebiet. I feel that thiscannot be justified, since we have lived close together since 1885. Of course wehave our disputes, but these are like disputes between two brothers andI/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 164can never lead to anything really serious. In the present state of world relations,peaceful co-existence is one of the most valuable things in the whole world.Rehoboth borders on Windhcek, and our men and women work at Windhoek.This inconsiderate and malicious conduct is destroying our co-existence.Such malicious conduct cannot be allowed in order that the friendly relations ofthe men and women of Rehoboth outside the Gebiet may be maintained. I askhow this malice has come about. The question is that regardless of who originatedit, it is a matter of concern to our people from which our people are suffering. Iam fully confident that you will consider my protests.I have the honour to be, etc.(signed) Jacobus BeukesI...

' I *ttr --A/AC. 73/4 Englishpage 165SOUTH WEST AFRICAOffice of the Administrator Cape Town 10 April 1961Enclosure 2/Mr. Jacobus Beukes P.O. Box 46 RehobothSir,I have ytur letter of 5 April, and I wish to inform you that His Excellency theAdministrator-in-Executve Committee has already taken a final decision in thematter.

You speak of disputes between brothers, and it is precisely in order to stop thesedisputes between brothers that the Executive Committee has decided that, wherecircumstances permit, the whites should be removed from the Gebiet.Greetings, (signed) (illegible) Private Secretary80. Petition, by lette1/dated 17 May 1961, and enclosures from )Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-General"Protests"I respectfully ask permission to lay the following protests before you,I enclose two cables and a notice from the Post Office, from which you can seefor yourself what happened to the cable to the Committee on South West Africa._ Originals in Afrikaans. 2, The petitioner submitted the originalof the letter./. .

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 166My humble request is that the cable should be brought to the attention of theCommittee so that you can see what it says.We therefore respectfully request that you should immediately and without failaccommodate us. "Avoid" violence. The reinstatement is taking place illegallyand against the will of the people. The reinstatement is taking place underProclamation 28 of 1923, which already led to the military action of 1925, withdisastrous consequences.The reinstatement was given to us unconditionally, just as a carcass is thrown to adog, and Proclamation 28 of 1923 is the strychnine hidden in the carcass.The Union Government has not fulfilled the obligations which were transferred toit by the British Crown on 17 December 1920. The Union Government therebyviolated Article 7, Article 37, Article 22, Article 2 and Article 6. What right hasthe Union Government not to fulfill its moral obligations as set forth in theMandate for South West Africa? According to the basic evidence, it is impossiblefor the Union Government to hold the Mandate any longer.We, the people of Rehoboth, ask for protection under the Mandate, as we havealready asked, so that we may keep our dearly won rights for our descendants. Wefirmly trust and believe that our wish and request will be heard and that our longanticipation will now be most speedily rewvarded.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesDate:----From: Jacobus Beukes, P.O. Box 46, Rehoboth To: His Excellency Dr.Viljoen, Administrator, WindhoekRehoboth peoplets constitutional existence is laid down by statute and by theMandate, in accordance with Article 22 of the Covenant. Transfer rights to UnitedNations, not to an Advisory Board. This represents a grave violation of our rightsas a people that were transferred to Britain, which has a moral obligation forSouth West Africa....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 167Date: 16 May 1961From: Jacobus Beukes, P.O. Box 46, Rehoboth To: His Excellency Mr. JosdRolz-Bennett, Secretary, Committeeon South West Africa, New YorkProtest against action of Adm±nistrator of' South West Africa. ReinstatementProclamation 28 of 1923 unconditionally with Advisory Board against the will ofthe people illegal and contrary to Constitution of 1870 and Article (22) of theCovenant. United Nations should immediately get in touch with Administrator atWindhoek. The affair is becoming dangerous. Further developments in Rehobothare in abeyance. Await United Nations Committee..

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 168POST OFFICEI have to inform you that uour telegram handed in at 3.37 p.m. on 15 May 1961 atthe Rehoboth Office and addressed to His Excellency Mr. Jose Rolz Bennett,Secretary, Committee SWA, New York, cannot be delivered in consequence ofinadequate address.Yours faithfully,(Signed) (illegible)Postmaster81. Petition, by letter!/dated 21 May 1961, and enclosures frcmMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theUnited NationsAs a people under the Mandate, we hereby appeal to the United Nations forimmediate assistance because, as you yourselves will see from the attachedcommunication, we are again on the threshold of violence. As a people under theMandate we ask for protection. The state of cold war makes us wonder whetherour letters are reaching their destination. We therefore respectfully ask to beinformed whether our latest letters and cables have been received. As youyourselves will see, the Advisory Board is a tool of the Government against itsown people. The Board does not have any mandate from the people. Its actionsare not in accord with the voice of the people. In the meantime we are waiting forthe Committee. Our petitions which are already there, leave no room for doubt.The greatest blow is that the Government contemptuously and deliberately defiesthe United Nations. If we are compelled to accept Proclamation 28 of 1923, weshall be left undisputed to the mercies of the Union Government, a situationwhich is impossible for a progressive people. What is of greatest importance isthat we are not being treated as a people under the Mandate, but in a completelyarbitrary manner. The Union Government completely refuses to comply with itsobligations. If the Union Government succeeds in this,

1/ Originals in Afrikaans./. .

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 169what will become of our people. Proclamation 28 will now be imposed upon ourpeople just as was done in the past with machine-guns. We ask this time to bereleased from the stranglehold of the Union Government. I hereby close andearnestly await an immediate answer as mentioned above.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes1. Copy of letter from Mr. Beukes to the Editor of the"Suidwes-Afrikaner", Stuebestraat, WindhoekSir,Please give me a small space in your distinguished newspaper for thepublication of what will give the people of Rehoboth self-government overnightand of what will eventually be reinstated through the reinstatement ofProclamation 28 of 1923. This was a shock to the people because Proclamation 28was already equivalent to a military action against the people of Rehoboth andhad a baneful influence on the people. What change has come about to justifyresurecting the same difficulty and to do this through our Advisory Board, whichhas no jurisdiction in the matter? All matters concerning Rehoboth are pendingwith the United Nations, with reference to the World Court. The people ofRehoboth, by virtue of the Mandate provided for in Article (22) of the Covenant,have urgently invited the South West Africa Committee to come and investigatethe situation in Rehoboth.We ask the Advisory Board where it derived the authority to take an illegaldecision in a matter of such vital importance to the people. The people ofRehoboth continue to stand unopposed, and they await the Committee which hasalready been repeatedly invited to come to Rehoboth. The people of Rehobothreject the reinstatement of the Agreement of 1923.Yours,(Signed) Jacobus Beukes2. Letter dated 23 May from Mr. Beukes to the Secretary-General Sir,As an old pioneer in the cause of the people of Rehoboth, I most respectfully askthat we be protected as a people under the Mandate and that the case of Rehobothshould be given attention in view of the following danger.I...

A/AC. 73/4Engli shPage 1701. We hereby appeal to you to examine, from right-thinking motives, thetrusteeship which has been placed upon the people of Rehoboth and South WestAfrica as a whole. The conduct of the Union Government shows that South WestAfrica is no longer under Mandate, and I submit the following proof.

2. I attach a newspaper clipping and a communication to one of our citizens,which provide sufficient evidence of what the Union Government is aiming atwith regard to us, the people of Rehoboth, in order completely to deprive us ofour property. The conduct of the Union Government gives clear proof that theUnion Government in contemptuously rejecting the provision of the Mandate inorder to accomplish its purpose. This must never be permitted by the UnitedNations, for it will be a disgrace to the world if it succeeds.3. According to the clipping, the Advisory Board decided on re-establishingProclamation 28 of 1923, which was responsible for the military action againstour people in 1925, and thus had a baneful effect on our people. The illegal actionof the Advisory Board has caused a shock that will have serious consequences.The Advisory Board knows that it has no jurisdiction in this matter and that inacting thus it had proceeded on its own initiative. It is surprising that the personswho themselves have suffered under the pressure that was exerted against ourpeople are nevertheless restoring that pressure.4. I respectfully ask the United Nations to request the Advisory Board to informthe United Nations why it has plunged its own people into such straitenedcircumstances by reinstating Proclamation 28 of 1923, from which the Boarditself has also suffered. The cause of all this is the contempt with which the UnionGovernment dismissed the United Nations. What trust is to be placed in the UnionGovernment, which has failed to comply with its undertakings of 17 December1920 and is now withdrawing from the Commonwealth. I respectfully ask that myrequest be heard, that I be informed of this fact and that a report be requestedfrom the Advisory Board. This will be highly appreciated by our people. Thepeople were once intimidated by machine-guns, and this is the reason vhy theUnion Government obtains much against the people's will. It is strange that wehave not received any reply to our most recent letters. We are anxiously waitingfor a reply. The distress which is now again threatening us is very great....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 171We look to the Committee for help to ward off violence. My request is that itshould get immediately in touch with the so-called Captain and Advisory Board.Our request is that we shall not wait in vain for a reply.Your obedient servant,(Signed) J. Beukesa. Newspaper clippingSELF-GOVERNMENT FOR THE REHOBOTH GEBIET Greater self-government has been given to the Basters of Rehoboth, and the Agreement thatwas established in 1924 has been reinstated. This means that the Magistrate willno longer be Captain of the Baster Board.A statement issued by the Administration reads as follows:In consultation with His Excellency the Prime Minister, it has been decided fullyto reinstate the Agreement which in 1923 was entered into between His

Excellency the Administrator, as representative of the Union Government, and theCaptain and Board of the Rehoboth Baster Community, and which in 1924 waspartially rescinded.This decision was taken after repeated requests had been made by the BasterAdvisory Board for the Agreement to be reinstated, and the decision wastransmitted personally by His Excellency the Administrator to the Captain and allthe Members of the Board on 13 May 1961.The legislation required for bringing the entire Agreement back into force will bepassed by the Legislative Assembly at the present session but will not becomeeffective until the Baster Advisory Board has had an opportunity to discuss itsimplementation and has declared its willingness to accept the broader measure oflocal self-government that this legislation will entail.The Baster Advisory Board has asked to be given time to consider the matter, andthe Administration is awaiting its decision.

A/AC 73/4 EnglishPage 172b. Copy of letter from the Inspector of Mines to Mr. D. Van Wyk,Kobos, RehobothNo. M. 44/2/207 OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR OF MINES WINDHOEK, 10APRIL 1961COMPENSATION: ARTICLE 65 OF ORDINANCE 26 OF 1954Sir,In reply to your letter of 25 March 1961, I must inform you that theMagistrate of Rehoboth, in his capacity as Captain of the Citizen Community ofRehoboth, is regarded as the owner of all farms and aland within the RehobothGebiet by virtue of article 2 of Ordinance 26 of 1954.2. Consequently, any agreement concerning farms in the Rehoboth Gebiet, mustbe entered into by Mr. Swanson with the Magistrate, Rehoboth, and any feepayable under the aforementioned Ordinance or a contract must be raid to the saidMagistrate.Your,INSPECTOR OF MINES1/82. Petition, by telegram- received on 24 May 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralCCMMISSION ABSOLUTELY URGENTLY NECESSARY IN REHOBOTHCASE. STOP ADMINISTRATOR FROM FURTHER NEGOTIATIONSREGARDING THE RESTORATION OF PROCLAMATION 28 OF 1923.REFER TO ARTICLES 37/22/2/6 OF THE MANDATE. READINESS FORARRIVAL OF CCMMISSION SATISFY AS REQUESTED IMMEDIATELY.PEOPLE INJACOBUS BEUKESI/ Original in Afrikaans.I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 17383. Petition, by letterl/ dated 7 June 19612 and enclosures, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary-GeneralEnclosure 1.I should like you to read the attached letter.The ban on the Committee on South West Africa and the Union Government'sconduct towards the Committee amount to an ultimatum. The Union Governmentmust now be shown that right and justice have the power to oppose the UnionGovernment's conduct. The Union Government has already shown that it feelsonly contempt for the United Nations and considers that it has no obligation toforward petitions. This contempt cannot be tolerated. The disgraceful propagandamade were against the United Nations not only represents the United Nations aspowerless but uses evil and shameful words. As I understand the situation, theUnited Nations, as represented by the Committee, cannot abandon its mission.The United Nations must now prove convincingly that there is a power whichprotects the under-developed peoples. The Mandate exists for the under-developed indigenous population, which here in South I-est Africa has been usedonly for the sake of the white population. From my own experience, I must pointout to the Union Government that its unrealistic action against Rehoboth and evenits action against the Deity may react on its own population. I am fully confidentthat the United Nations will now allow the Union Government to continue in itsunrealistic conduct.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes1/ Original in Afrikaans.7..

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 174Enclosure 2.P.O. Box 46Rehoboth7 June 1961To the SecretaryHouse of Common10 Downing StreetLondonHis ExcellencyMr. Harold MacmillanPrime MinisterSir.,

I respectfully ask you to refer this letter to the Committee which is now carryingon its activities in British Bechuanaland.(a) The Rehoboth community has again invited the Committee to come andinvestigate conditions affecting our interests here in Rehoboth. It was a shock tolearn that the Committee has been prevented from coming to SouthWest Africa.(b) On what legal grounds have we been administered all this time? Althoughthe Union Government itself knows that it has not observed its obligations,how will the United Nations know what are the problems of which theindigenous people complain. As the Union Government has not fulfilled itsobligations, what legal right does it have to prevent the Committee fromcoming to South West Africa?(c) Since, therefore, the Union Government has not fulfilled its obligations,the Rehoboth community asks that it should not be treated as a conquered people.We took the side of the Allies as an independent people, and ouraffairs are not the domestic affairs of the Union Government. The Committeecomes from a firmly established peace organization. As a peace-loving people,we invite the Committee to Rehoboth. We lay stress on the provisions ofthe Mandate, which applies to South West Africa as a mandated territory. TheUnion Government cannot and must not disparage the United Nations by itsunrealistic conduct. The United Kingdom has a moral obligation in thisconnexion. The Mandate for South West Africa was transferred to the UnionGovernment on 17 December 1920 by the United Kingdoma, and not by theLeague ofNations. We therefore await a solution by the United Kingdom to theI..

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 175Committee's problem. We hereby conclude that the question will be solved inthe interest of the indigenous people of South West Africa.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesEnclosure 3.P.O. Bo.x, 46Rehoboth7 June 1961To the United NationsNew York, U.S.A.Gentlemen,I wish respectfully to inform you of developments here in Rehoboth as explainedin the attached letter. We ask that the Committee should not be barred; we are apeople under the Mandate. It is well known that the Union Government has notfulfilled its obligations. Hence a way to solve the problem of South West Africamust be found. We are in a desparate position, for we are moving backwards.

Rehoboth is among the Allies, and we cannot be obstructed by the UnionGovernment. Our problems must be investigated on the spot by the Committeeand solved. The Government's attitude is insincere. This shows that the UnionGovernment's conscience is not clear. We should appreciate receiving an answeras soon as these letters reach you.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus BeukesP.S. The disregard for the Committee on South W-est Africa shown by the UnitedI ingdom and the Government of the Republic caused deep shock anddisappointment to the members of our community when they heard of it. Wecheerfully awaited the Committee, thinking that our problems would now besolved and that we would again be respected as human beings. We hope and trustto God that the Ccmmittee will not fail in its work. One thing that is certain, isthat there is a Higher Power which governs events more wisely than the UnitedKingdom and the Government of the Republic think. May God bless theCommittee and bring it success. We shall wait anxiously to hear whether thisletter has arrived.Thanking you in anticipation, I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) J. Beukes

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 176P.O. Box 46Rehoboth7 June 1961To the Captain and the members ofthe Advisory BoardRehobothGentlemen,I respectfully ask you to refer this letter to His Excellency Dr. Viljoen, theAdministrator, 1iindhoek.Please note the following particulars of events here in Rehoboth:(1) In the first place, the illegal conduct of the Advisory Board in raising a loan onthe security of the coramunity's farms.(2) I am obliged to point out to you, as members of the Board, that neither as anAdvisory Board nor as a House of Assembly, have you the right to alienate landto whites or even to accent mortgages or bonds on the security of land.(5) I must therefore inform the Advisory Board that Rehoboth's rights arebased on its citizens' oim interests, i.e. on their oin expenditure, their horses,Saddles, bridles, rifles and ammunition; and, according to the Fundamental Lawof 1870; 1871, 1872 and 1874, additional laws are also recognized as legal if theyare approved by a majority of the enfranchized citizens. This is clear from thereferendum, although so far no decision has been forthcoming. The AdvisoryBoard is illegally continuing to create a greater problem by raising the loan.(:) At the time of the referendum the people were accused of not knowing

what they did or what they wanted. I must tell you frankly that you are trying todisparage our way of life by your conduct. I must also tell you in all sincerity thatI do not consider your actions as a Board to be in the public interest, that ycurconduct is indicative of a dictatorship and that you do not show a friendly attitudetowards our people. The people's godly way of life, our Captain and House ofAssembly, and even our people's ideology and ideals are being taken aToy fromus. The ban on the Committee makes an alarming impression. This is a matter forthe International Court, since human rights must be respected. Themoney ich was received on the security of the comrunity's land goes only tocertain: clicues, while the Board knows that our people are threatened by famine.I ask yon whether you do not fear God in your conduct? You have alreadycommitted an unfriendly act by restoring Proclamation No. 28 of 1923 withcutasking the

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 177people. As is well knoiv, it was at the time rejected by a. vast majority, and thisled to the military action taken against our people in 1925.(5) Gentlemen, I feel it my duty, as I stated earlier in this letter, topoint out to the Board that our fundamental existence since 1870 has beensovereign and independent. This was our status when the German ImperialGovernment took us oyer. and it recognized this when it confirmed ourfoundation by the Treaty of 1885. The Union Government took us over with ourfull rights and with out land and boundaries as they had been under the GermanGovernment. We were then made a mandated territory by the old League ofNations under the terms of the Mandate, and in larticular under Article 22, whichis inviolable and which provides that we are to be trained until our maturity. If wewere to. recognize you as you are, we should violate Article 22, and this cannothappen. Why has the aid allocated to us by the Worid Bank, and which has nowbeen allocated to us again, been refused? Ihat is the meaning of this? We are notgiven any training or education, and it is clear from-,the way in which we aretreated that we are to be held back and to be slaves of the whi tes.(6) The aid which the World Bank allocated to us and to every other mandatedterritory is an intangible help. As security we will give our underground minerals,which were already pledged by our previous German Government for severalthousand millions. It was said that our country was a rich land with poor people,and the purpose of our present treatment is that we should die poor. Gentlemen,from your conduct it seems that your intellectual capacity is very weak, as isdemonstrated by your behaviour. I must also point out to the Board that we areweighed down with problems: do you not see that nothing is done for our benefit?In my opinion, the only possible solution must come through the UnitedNations Committee. I know that yet another solution would be a third world war.We are also among the Allies, and the Board must take drastic steps in order thatthe Committee may come and find a solution, for the sake of our future way oflife.

I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 17884. Petition, by letter-' dated 20 June 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa,to the United NationsWith regard to the present situation here in Rehoboth, you are asked to read whatis set out in the attached communication. The barring of the Ccmmittee on SouthWest Africa has resulted in profound disappointment and an unjustified violationof our human rights, not only our human rights but also a clear mark of contemptfor the existence of the United Nations. Even the United Kingdom, which bearsthe moral responsibility for the Mandate over South West Africa, is standingtogether with the Government of the Republic in preventing the Ccmmittee fromentering South West Africa. With regard to the barring of the Committee by boththe United Kingdom and the Government of the Republic, I must frankly say thata league of peace has been established on earth for the entire human race by thehigher Power, and this is the United Nations. Even though the Mandatory has notcomplied with its obligations, by what right is the Committee prohibited fromentering the Mandated Territory? What domestic right does the Mandatorypossess in a Mandated Territory? Even though the Mandate was given for termsof five years and the Mandatory does not have any property rights, South WestAfrica is nevertheless administered as an integral part of the Union. As the UnionGovernment is administering South West Africa, we are deprived of our futureexistence, and we therefore appeal to the United Nations for protection. It is self-evident that the Government of the Republic must not be allowed to act contraryto world opinion. I respectfully ask that the Committee on South West Africa beallowed without hindrance to solve the problems of South West Africa urgently. Irespectfully ask that this communication be answered as soon as it is received. Itis to be noted that since the proclamation of the Republic I have not received anyreply from the United Nations. Let us have detailed news of the Committee. Wewish to provide accommodation here for the Committee. Our problems are verycomplicated.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes1/ Original in Afrikaans.,,,.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 179MemorandumP.O. Box 46Rehoboth, 20 June 1961To the Secretary House of Commons

LondonSir,In accordance with article (26) of the Mandate, I hereby respectfully ask, now thatSouth Africa has become a Republic, to transmit petitions to the United Nationsthrough the Croim. I hereby request His Excellency Mr. Harold MacMillan toforward this communication to the United Nations, New York, U.S.A.I hereby most respectfully ask to be given the privilege of providing anexplanation concerning the basic existence and principles of our RehobothCommunity, which were legally recognized and honestly established by the graceof God for our development until we became a nation. Provision for the fulfilmentof this objective was made by the former League of Nations under Article (22),which was laid down in the Covenant of the former League of Nations. which hasnow been succeeded by the United Nations. We were to be trained until webecame of age, just as all peoples under mandate are trained until they become ofage. As already mentioned, this has not been done. Where there has already beena failure to act righteously, how can any confidence be placed in the referendumfor the restoration of rights, under the previously condemned Proclamation No. 28of 1923, which at that time unleashed military action against us with ill-fatedconsequences. Unrealistic behaviour and dispute affecting the basic existence ofthe people of Rehoboth.Proceedings instituted by the Government of the Republic:1. I hereby take cognizance of the dispute as an old fighter for the cause of thepeople of Rehoboth. I must in the first instance say that this is an unknowndispute which the Rehoboth Community has ever experienced in the history of itspeople since its founding in 1870.2. I as a person have, by narrow escapes in the peoplets interest, withstood andundergone many experiences. The case that is pending with the InternationalCourt is a very important case of outstanding character. An ad hoc judge hasaccordingly been appointed. This is a matter between the Union Government andthe International Court. A Rehoboth citizen is not legally trained for this but must

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 180now provide a clarification because of the reinstatement of Proclamation No. 28of 1923, which was the reason why the execution of the Mandate was thwarted.3. The Government of the Republic is being unrealistic in its action to coerce thepeople of Rehoboth in a purely domestic matter of concern to the RehobothCommunity, that is, to impose a, referendum in order to obtain concrete evidenceagainst the International Court. The Government of the Republic has thus failed tocomply with its obligations, Just as was true of the assumption of responsibility.on 17 December 1920. Hence the provisions of the Mandate were ignored, to saynothing of being complied with, namely, article (26), article (22), article (6),article (7), article (2) an4 article (3). As already stated, the provisions of theCovenant were not respected. What training have we been given that we mustnow overnight become independent. Does the Government of the Republic not

feel that the people of Rehoboth do not belong to the Republic? The fact is thatthe. people of Rehoboth stood at the side of the Allies in the 1914 war. It is amatter of grave concern that both the United Kingdom and the Unipn Governmenthave prohibited the Committee from coming to South West Africa. What thebarring of the Committee means will be demonstrated by the Almighty. We, thepeople of Rehoboth under the Mandate, are a party to the proceedings before theInternational Court and also to the Special Committee which is now on its wayand is to investigate the difficulties with which the indigenous population mustcontend.4. The refusal to admit the Committee clearly demonstrates to the world that thepeople of Rehoboth have no right to human rights. The evidence already exist thatthe Government of the Republic does not have any obligations with regard to thepeople of Rehoboth, that is to say, that we are denied human rights under aretrograde policy. If we had been treated justly according to the provisions of theMandate, where would we be today? As a question of law, we ask who bears themoral obligation for the material, economic and educational well-being of thepeople of Rehoboth?5. We respectfully ask that the Union Government, which took us over with ourrights and boundary lines, should return these rights and boundary lines to us. Wefeel jealous that British Bechuanaland was under British Colonial Mandate andafter seventy-seven years recovered its land and Iceople. As to Rehoboth, whichvoluntarily made sacrifices for civilization, it must now without cause abandon itsrights. The treatment accorded to the people of Rehoboth is a new phenomenon

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 181since the time of Christ. We wait for our justification by the Almighty. Werespectfully submit that during all this time we have been under a pseudo-Mandate, and we ask under what regime we are now being placed? Wle herebyrespectfully await a reply.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukesl/785. Petition, by lettel/ dated 24 June 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsIn the present circumstances here in Rehoboth, it had now become most necessary*for the Committee to come at once, since a referendum was imposed here andwas rejected by an enormous majority, that is to say, it was heavily outvoted. TheUnion Governmentts unrealistic behaviour has led me tq doubt whether there rillbe any provision under which our petitions can be forwarded when the countrybecomes a republic.. We ask most urgently for the rules under which petitionsmay be forwarded. In my despair I received a letter of 19 June 1961, with thereference TR.240', which I gratefully acknowledge, but I also await an answer tothe following:1. We strongly emphasize that the Committee must come, because our rights,

are laid down by the Mandate, and it is acknowledged that the Mandate is notbeing observed. We therefore invited the Committee to investigate the situation inRehoboth.2. We wish to lay stress on our independent, well-founded and attested sovereignproperty rights, which were bought, and which were later recovered by ChiefAbraham Swartbcoi, Chief of the Swartbooi community. These rights wereconfirmed in the Treaty of 1885 with the Imperial German Government. Wehereby lay claim to our boundary lines as bought and conquered by ChiefSwartbooi ith their extended boundary lines bordering on Walvis Bay.3. Cur status under the Mandate was laid down by the Covenant and decisionsof the former League of Nations, especially by Article 22 of the Covenant, whichprovided for training until maturity, and which has not been observed by theMandatory Power. The Committee cannot be prevented frcm holding an inquiry;if it1/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 182were prevented, this would mean that the Government of the Republic, withoutany justification, was violating the legal provisions of the Mandate. If this were tohappen, it would be an alarming matter, but it cannot possibly happen.4. Our land is bounded on the south, east, north and west by fourboundarymarkers, and is recognized as Baster land. It is not disputed that theMandatory Power assumed moral obligations for the fundamental economic andeducational welfare of the Rehoboth community. Our people are among theAllies, and are under the protection of the United Nations, as the successor of theold League of Nations.This is our humble ;equest, we who have suffered for forty years and we nowhumbly await deliverance.(Signed) J. Beukes86. Petition, by lettel-/ dated 12 July 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to theSecretary, United NationsWould you please lay this letter before Professor Rodriguez Fabregat'sCommittee on South West Africa. We, the people of Rehoboth, highly appreciateyour intention to enter South I-est Africa, and we have full confidence that youwill be able to carry out this intention. We therefore ask for the support of theSecurity Council so that the Committee may really be able to visit South WestAfrica. As a sovereign people under the Mandate, we invite the Committee,because the Mandatory Power has not fulfilled its obligations. We independentlysupported the side of the Allies and their associates in the war of 1914. We invokethe provisions of the Mandate, which have not been complied with. We areconfident that Professor Fabregat will take courageous action, so that the old anddifficult question of South West Africa. may be solved. As you will see from theattached letter, we have already made preparations, and we trust that our

expectations will not be in vain. I respectfully request a reply as soon as this letterreaches you.(Signed) Jacobus Beukesl/ Original in Afrikaans.I.o.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 183EnclosureP.O. Box 46Rehoboth12 July 1961To theSecretary House of Ccmmons10 Downing StreetLondonI respectfully request you to refer this letter to the United Nations, New York,U.S.A.Sir;With deep emotion, I wish to point out that the prohibition against theCommittee on South West Africa was a shock to the whole Rehoboth community.What is needed is an inquiry into the complaints of the indigenous people ofSouth Iest Africa, who were placed under the guardianship of the British Crownand then under the supervision of the Union Government.The Mandatory Power subsequently did not fulfil its obligations. This causedalarm among the complaining population, which most strongly urged theCommittee on South West Africa tohold an inquiry in order to investigate thematter on the spot, as eye-witnesses. The prohibition against the Committeecaused great disappointment and suspicion and was a set-back for the moralexistence of all mankind. We appeal to all complaining peoples to ask, withbowed heads. for deliverance, so that the Committee may be able to come and thatthe sacred ideas of human welfare may thus be fully victorious.We genuinely and profoundly hope that this time the United Nations will supportus at all costs in our struggle, which is based on justice and property bequeathedto us, through the grace of God, by our forefathers, and that thus the foundationswill be laid on which our descendants can build.On the basis of our legal and sovereign rights, we invite the Ccmmittee on SouthWest Africa to come directly to Rehoboth to hear our protests at "alamte;accommodation and board has been arranged for the members. We respectfullyask to be informed whether the Committee can visit us, and we eagerly await areply.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC .73/4

EnglishPage 18487. Petition, by lettel/ dated 26 July 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes,Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretariat, United NationsWe herewith send you the enclosed article for information for the Committee onSouth West Africa. (The article mentions: that the Administration of South WestAfrica is, planning to unite the Rehoboth district to the district of Windhoek andMariental. This is confirmed by Mr. Chatwind of Rehoboth. The reason for thisstep is as yet unknown.) Now we get proof what is meant to be done vithRehoboth. Although the Committee was not admitted into Rehoboth, we arethankful for the, (daring) priceworthy action of Professor Rodriguez Fabregat andhis colleagues. We trust that with God's help the case to be investigated by theCommission will have success. The investigation is a question of solvingproblems so that the natives will take part in human rights again.We request you to contact the administrator in Windhoek as well as the advisecommittee here in Rehoboth and to stop this plan until the South West problemhas been solved. Our situation is very bad and we request urgent assistance, whichwe cannot ask from the South West Administration, because they stopped theadmittance of the South West Africa Committee. This act has made rs loseconfidence in the Government of the Republic. Our women and children sufferfrom hunger. Please help US.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes88. Petition, by letterxI/ dated 30 July 1961, from Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary, House of CommonsI respectfully appeal to the Prime Minister, Mr. Macmillan, and to the UnitedNations, New York.Gentlemen,The following action has been taken by the Administration of South West Africaat Windhoek in connexion -with the fundamentally existing boundaries. TheAdministration of South West Africa intends to incorporate the Rehoboth districtinto the districts of Windhoek and Mariental. Rehoboth as a district will thendisappear. To avoid any misunderstanding, I have asked His Excellency Dr.Viljoen, Administrator of South West Africa, for an explanation, but so far I havereceivedl/ Original in Afrikaans. I...

,,~ ~ ~A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 185no reply. We make inquiries as a people governed by the Charter of the UnitedNations, whose undisputed property rights are under the protection of the UnitedNations. Such an automatic transfer can have bloody consequences. We werepreviously subjected to a similar incident in the military oppression of 1925, whenthree aircraft and several machine-guns were used. Prevent violence andbloodshed. By the Grace of God, we were then able to preserve our fundamental

way of life as a peace-loving people. I most respectfully ask what otherdemocratic and Christian peoples think of the action taken against the Committeeon South West Africa by the Government of the Republic and by the UnitedKingdom. The Mandatory Power has failed either to make a report or to fulfil itsobligations. How are the lamentations and complaints of the people of South WestAfrica to be answered? We respectfully hope to find honesty and sincerity in thismatter. Moreover, the action taken against the Conrittee on South West Africa byMr. Eric Louw, the Minister of Eiternal Affairs, and his conduct and assertionshave filled all mankind with astonishment. We feel that the Almighty will allowthe Conmittee on South West Africa to investigate our affairs, and we ask for this.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 18689. Petition, by letter- dated 7 August 1961, and enclosures, frcmMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsWe most respectfully take the liberty, after profound inward reflection, to refer tothe unrealistic treatment of the Committee on South West Africa by theGovernment of the Republic and the United Kingdom. This was a profound shockand disappointment to our people. The conduct of Mr. Eric Louw, the Minister ofExternal Affairs, was unjustified and is likewise not conducive to peacefulrelations among us. From my experience as an old fighter in the cause of ourpeople, I say to you to be prudent, for the cause of the people is a very delicatematter. "Take care that your conduct will not react against your own people." Imust point out to Mr. Eric Louw that truth has a basis, but falsehood has no basis.Examine your conduct to determine whether it is realistic. You must understandthat the Rehoboth Community was established by the grace of God. You havestopped the Committee on South West Africa, can you stop our prayer? Mr. EricLouw's conduct with regard to the Committee on South West Africa is a grossviolation of our human rights. I must make clear to Mr. Eric Louw that myconfidence in God and the United Nations will continue to be firm. I respectfullyask what will become of the petitions now that South Africa has become arepublic. In addition I shall appreciate an answer to my petition.(Signed) JACOBUS BEUKESENCLOSURE No. 1Letter dated 7 August 1961 from Mr. Jacobus Beukes to the British Embassy, HillStreet, Pretoria.Summary of ContentsAcknowledges receipt of letter from the Embassy dated 1 August 1961. Inaddition, the writer asks the Embassy to forward his enclosed letter as indicatedtherein.ENCLOSURE No. 2Letter dated 6 August 1961 from Mr. Jacobus Beukes to the Secretary, House ofCcmmons, 10 Downing Street, London.1/ Original in Afrikaans

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 187Summary of ContentsLetter is entitled "Differences of opinion concerning South West Africa.". Thewriter asks that the letter be forwarded to the United Nations, New York. Thisletter comments on a newspaper article, which is also enclosed, and disputes thecontention of Dr. Dcnges that the situation in South West Africa is calm. Thewriter states that South West Africa is in a state of tension, as has been repeatedlybrought to the attention of the United Nations through cables and petitions. Herefers to the use of machine-guns in the Rehoboth church dispute of 26 December1960. He commends the Committee on South West Africa for its courageousstand and says that the tension in South West Africa can only be relieved by thecoming of the United Nations. He thanks God that the barring of the Committeehas brought the situation in South West Africa to the attention of the world. Hetrusts that, with the help of the Almighty, Dr. Fabregat will not allow the peopleof South West Africa to be overwhelmed by injustice.ENCLOSURE NO. 3Letter dated 6 August 1961 from Mr. Jacobus Beukes (no addressee) Summary ofcontentsLetter bears the title "'The principal characteristics". The writer refers again to thestatement by Dr. Dnges in the enclosed newspaper article that all is calm in SouthWest Africa. He asks on what evidence this statement by Dr. Dnges is based. Hesays that the people of South West Africa are calz because they are defencelessagainst the aircraft and machine-guns of the Government. He says that the actionby the Administration of South West Africa in transferring the boundary line ofRehoboth to Windhoek and Marientalwill cause Rehoboth to disappear as adistrict. By altering the existing boundary line, the South African Government isviolating the moral obligations which it assumed when it took over the Territoryon 17 December 1920.He points out that the case of South West Africa is before the International Court.He calls the barring of the Committee on South West Africa an offence againstthe sacred idea upon which the human rights of the people are based. The puposeof the mandate is to provide the under-developed peoples with training in

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 188the economic, moral and educational spheres. As previously pointed out, theMandatory is not acting in the interests of the indigenous population. He criticizesDr. Dnges for saying that the trip of the Committee On South West Africaentailed considerable expense, and he points out that Jesus gave his life to save allmankind.He refers to the Berlin situation and recommends that the four great Powers

should agree to outlaw war for a period of fifty years. He says that a contributionof the African States and the achievements of modern technology could be used inaccomplishing this objective.ENCLOSURE NO. 4Article from the newspaper Die Burger, issue of Saturday, 29 July 1961.Summary of contentsThe headline over the article reads: "Differences of opinion concerning SouthWest Africa. Dr. Dcnges sees calm, Fabregat war". The article comments on thestatement by Dr. T.E. D~nges, Minister of Finance, which was made at Windhoekon 28 July 1961 to the effect that there is complete calm and contentment in SouthWest Africa. It contrasts this with a statement by the Committee on South WestAfrica, in New York, that the situation in the Territory is tense and that only theintervention of the United Nations will prevent armed racial conflict.90. Petition, by letter 1/ dated 15 August 1961, and enclosure, from 2 sMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralWith profound disappointment, I take the liberty to lay before you a letter in replyto one sent on 25 July 1961 to His Excellency the Administrator. I hereby nowenclose a reply. The purpose of the action dealt with is unclear. In my opinion, theconduct of His Excellency the Administrator is unrealistic. If this action is to betaken within our established boundary lines, then we are being dealt with in anarbitrary and high-handed manner. Aproval has already been given to derisivesayings against the Committee on South West Africa. I ask for irmediate action tobe taken against the derisive propaganda directed againstl/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 189the Committee on South West Africa, and I respectfully ask that this be publishedimmediately in the Windhoeker Advirtansie. As previously mentioned, the actiontaken against the Committee on South West Africa causes profounddisappointment. The Government of the Republic cannot be allowed to act in thismanner against the Committee on South West Africa. Is the Government of theRepublic able to give realistic proof that it has complied with its duties asMandatory, that is to say, in the interests of the indigenous population of SouthWest Africa? If the Government of the Republic had complied with itsobligations, there would not be any complaints. The action taken against theCommittee on South West Africa provides clear proof that the Government of theRepublic does not have an unsullied conscience in so far as its administration overSouth West Africa is concerned. Thank God that the barring of the Committee onSouth West Africa has become known to the world; this gives clear proof of whatis happening to the people of South West Africa. I hereby close in the earnesthope that my communication will reach its destination.(Signed) JACOBUS BEUKESENCLOSURESOUTH WEST AFRICA

OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR, WINDHOEK10 August 1961Mr. Jacobus Beukes P.O. Bo;, 46RehobothSir,Reapportionment of Magisterial Districts.1. I write in reply to your letter dated 25 July 1961 addressed to His Excellencythe Administrator.2. The Administration is indeed considering the possibility of transferring toadjoining Magisterial Districts those White farms which are within the RehobothDistrict but outside the Gebiet. The Rehoboth Gebiet and the property rights ofthe Baster citizens will not be affected.5. No final decision has as yet been taken in this matterI have the honour to be, etc.H.J. MullerSecetary of South West Af'rica

A/AC.73/4English Page 19091. Petition, by letter l/ dated 1 September 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JacobusBeukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the British Embassy,Pretoria, South Africa, received from Mr. BeukesI hereby ask that this communication be forwarded to His Excellency theSecretary, House of Commons, and then to the United Nations, New York.I hereby respectfully bring the situation here in Rehoboth to your attention, that isto say, the unrealistic action by the Advisory Board in its capacity as such, whichwishes to alienate five farms belonging to the Rehoboth Community and givethem as security for 200,000 repayable within a period of fifteen years at 5 percent interest. The loan is arranged for a certain clique representing a small groupof the people. The unrealistic action by the Advisory Board is rejected by anoverwhelming majority of the enfranchised citizens.(a) The Advisory Board has no legal right, nor has it been instrucied by thecitizens, to contract a loan against the security: o fland belonging.to the citizenswhether in the form of a charge or a mortgage on such land.(b) As a people under the mandate, there is a legal guarantee underArticles 37, 22 and 2 of the United Nations Charter. In addition, our own Statutesdo not entitle us to alienate land to the Whites.(c) The people of Rehoboth are now in a critical situation; they have already beentried by two droughts and are now once more confronted with the foot-and-mcuthdisease.(d) In their depressed state, our people await help from a source to which they areentitled, namely, the produce of our country and the taxes of the citizens. Byproduce is meant the mineral wealth of our soil, that is to say, our basic existenceremains inviolable for a more advanced stage as set out in Article 22 of theCovenant of the former League of Nations, now replaced by the United Nations.We ask that our lawful basic existence be vindicated and respected.

(e) Higher education has been granted to the -eople of Rehoboth. We desire ahigher college, and thereby a higher modern building and hostel are awaitedwhich must be built here in Rehoboth. We hereby ask for the assistance of theUnited Nations. We hereby reject the proposal for the alienation by theAdministrator of South West Africa of land belonging to the citizens of Rehoboth.This proposal does not conform with the Charter of the United Nations nor withour own Constitution.1/ Original in Afrikaans

A/AC.73/4Englishpage 191(f) In this connexion I base my appeal on Articles 37 and 22, which have not beencomplied with, as has been established by the International Court of Justice. Wehave not been realistically treated since the mandate was set up on 17 December1920. The unrealistic conduct of the Administration of South West Africa doesnot even point in the direction of Democracy. Law and order must be maintained,as also right and justice. Our basic existence has been nullified to such a point thateveryone is searching for water. The unrealistic situation has ncw reached itsclimax and must be brought to an end. We most urgently await justice, wherebyour future existence will be sustained. We beseech His Excellency to ensure thatth a on taken by an unauthorized Advisory Board will not turn the people ofh i to a second Congo./z ' . (signed) Jacobus BeukesOll ENCLOSUREP.O. Box 46Rehoboth, ], September 1961The principal characteristicsGentlemen, I I .")The unreali.tic conduct of the Administration of South West Africa by means ofan unauthorized body, which I call the Advisory Board and which has no legalauthority nor any mandate from the people, is making a bad impression on ourmoral human existence. Thus, in a matter of such vital importance to the people,this means that the Advisory Board is being used as an instrument against its ownpeople. What has happened to the moral obligations waich the Administration ofSouth West Africa must fulfil in the interests of the indigenous population ofSouth West Africa? We ask what the intentions of the Administration of SouthWest Africa are with regard to the people of Rehoboth. We have now been treatedin an unenlightened manner for forty years. The situation to which we mustsubmit is further explained on the previous page. We sincerely trust that thePowers will now take the matter concerning the mandate over South W TestAfrica into consideration so that the ceaseless lament may come to an end.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes7...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 192(Footnote)Respectfully request that a stop be put to the pressure to make us insolvent nowbeing applied as a retaliatory measure. Clarification on preceding page; ourcondition very weak.Thanking you in this regard,(Signed) J. Beukes92. Petition, by letter ./ dated 12 September 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the United NationsIn connexion with the attached letter, we respectfully and most urgently invite theCommittee on South West Africa to come directly to Rehoboth, as we havealready said, since we are among the Allies. We regret the action of the Ministerof External Affairs, Mr. Eric Louw, for, as we say, if this happens to the greenfields, what will become of the barren ones - that is, if this happens to theCommittee on South West Africa, what will become of us? We call such actiondoing violence to the truth. The action taken against the Committee on SouthWest Africa frightened us. In this the Government acted deliberately, as it did, forexample, in its expropriation of our basic religious existence, and our land, withits existing national rights, is being and has already been taken away from us. Yetit is maintained that there is calm and contentment in South West Africa. It is wellknown that South West Africa is not realistically administered. The calm andpeace of which Mr. Eric Louw speaks are unknown here in Rehoboth and inSouth West Africa, for how can there be peace where oppression anddespondency reign? We earnestly ask the Committee on South West Africa not tofail us; and, although the Committee on South West Africa had to contend withdifficulties in connexion with its visit to South West Africa, we ask it to takedrastic action in the matter of South West Africa. Under our presentadministration we are losing our entire future way of life as a people. Wetherefore beg Dr. R. Fabregat and his colleagues to seek support among allAfrican States in order to help us prevent the Government of the Republic fromachieving its purpose of expropriating1/ Original in Afrikaans.I...

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 193South West Africa. We humbly expect an answer to this letter as soon as itreaches you, since the South African delegation is there. Lastly, we are mostgrateful for the courageous testimony of Dr. R. Fabregat and his colleagues.(signed) Jacobus BeukesP.O. Box 46Rehoboth, 12 September 1961To the British Embassy

Hill Street, PretoriaSir,Kindly allow me to ask that this letter be forwarded to His Excellency the"Secretary of the House of Commons, London" and be further forwarded to theUnited Nations, New York.(a) A most deplorable event, the ban on the Committee on South West Africa, hascaused deep disappointment and shock, since we had most urgently waited for theCommittee on South West Africa to-clarify the content of the Mandate, underwhich we were placed by the old League of Nations and now by the UnitedNations. We lay great stress on the moral obligations which were assumed by theUnited Kingdom and which have not been fulfilled.(b) We should like to know what guarantee we have under the Covenant ofthe old League of Nations, with further reference to the United Nations as regardsour future existence, that is, the future existence of our country and people. Weare being unrealistically and arbitrarily held back. We ask what has become of ourrights as a people and of our protection under the Charter of the United Nations.We are living at a critical stage that is becoming worse from day to day: we aresuffering from a double drought, and now the foot-and-mouth disease has againbroken out.(c) We most deeply regret that Mr. Eric Louw has placed a ban on theCommittee on South West Africa. In this connexion, the Committee on SouthWest Africa was unable to include in its report many things which it needed to seewith its own eyes and which could certainly have given a realistic solution.(d) I protest against Mr. Eric Louw's statement, which will harm the RehobothCcmnunity, because the Mandate over Rehoboth has not been observed, we aresupposed to be under the Mandate, but in fact we are not. We have been greatedharmed by the detrimental, backward treatment, that is to say, by the arbitrarymanner in which we have been treated./II...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 194(e) We wish to emphasize most strongly that we have now suffered fromthis unrealistic treatment and have been administered in this way for forty years,and we hold the Government of the Republic completely responsible. Ourprofound hope is that now, after our many years of suffering, we shall be pitiedand that we as well as the people of South West Africa will be delivered from ourplight. We have suffered from a double drought, and now foot-and-mouth diseasehas broken out again. We therefore ask for help as has been asked for before,because our living conditions here in Rehoboth are most critical, and we also askfor your earnest help and support for the revival of our people.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes93. Petition, by letter l/ dated 22 September 1961, and enclosure, fromMr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, South West Africa, to the British Embassy,

Pretoria, South AfricaMay I respectfully ask for permission to put a few questions to the tSecretary ofthe House of Commons, London, this communication then to be forwarded to theUnited Nations, New York.With regard to the present state of affairs here in Rehoboth, the RehobothCommunity was placed under the Mandate by the old League of Nations, whichhas now been replaced by the United Nations, in order to be trained for maturity.Allow me to ask the following questions:(a) Is the Rehoboth CoLmiunity to be treated as a conquered people?(b) Is Rehoboth's fundamental existence to be recognized and respected?(c) Are our legally recognized fundamental rights, for example, Captain andHouse Assembly, with our fundamental laws of 1870, 1871, 1872 and 1874 andour established Rhenish Church and school, as they were when we were takenover by*the Union Government, to be respected?(d) Dces our country with its four boundary lines and its four landmarks, still bearthe name of asterland?(e) Do our rights, as they were when the Union Government took us over, stillexist?l/ Original in Afrikaans. /...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 195(f) We were forced against our will to take part in the First World War, and wehad to side independently with the Allies in order to protect our rights, theenjoyment of which was guaranteed to us by the Peace Treaty of Versailles.(g) Our fundamental existence was sovereign and independent, and wasestablished by the Treaty of 1885 concluded with His Majesty Kaiser Wilhelm I.(h) We should like to know whether our historically established rights have beentransferred or taken away.(i) We should like to know whether or not South West Africa, and in particularRehoboth, is still under the Mandate.(j) I understand that the Rehoboth Community is among the Allies.(k) Is the Rehoboth Coxm:unity administered under law or arbitrarily?(1) The rebuff to the Committee on South West Africa, which could havedistinguished between the welfare of both sides, cannot be tolerated."This is a trump card, now anyone can think what he will". This frightens me,since it means: you are not usually treated as human being.Gentlemen, I shall be glad if my assumptions are wrong and our fundamentalrights still stand and will remain intact, as an historical heritage for ourdescendants. Our historical existence has cost us very dear, and we havesacrificed our blood and suffered occupation in long wars. We eagerly andearnestly await a satisfactory and speedy answer.I have the honour to be, etc.(Signed) Jacobus Beukes

OVERSEAS TELEGRAM,(Carbon copy of a South West African telegram form) DATE: 19 September 1961FROM: Jacobus Beukes, P.O. Box 46, Rehoboth TO : United Nations, New YcrkExpress deep mourning and sorrow, on behalf of Rehoboth CcM1unity. May Godgrant that their unfinished work for the people of South West Africa will flourish.Dag Haiuarskjold and Wieschoff live with God on high. They were sent by Godfor world peace and justice.Jacobus Beukes

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 196PETITION CONCERNING THE DETENTION OF MR. EMIL APPOLUS ,94. Petition, by cablegram received on 5 October 1960, from Mr. Hall, Lusaka,Northern Rhodesia, to the South West Africa Special CommitteeHEREROS JOURNALIST EMIL APPOLUS POLITICAL REFUGEE FROMUNION NOW DETAINED BY FEDERAL IMMIGRATION AUTHORITIESAT NDOLA NORTHERN RHODESIA STOP INTENTION HAND HIM OVERUNION GOVERNMENT STOP AM ATTEMPTING ALL POSSIBLEDELAYING TACTICS LOCALLY CAN YOU URGENT BRING PRESSUREQZEFY HALL EDITOR AFRICAN MAIL LUSAKA...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 197PETITION CONCERNING THE AFRICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY (PTY)LTD.95. Petition by letter dated 20 September 1960, and enclosures fromMr. John G. Muundjua, Chairman of the Board of Directors, African PublishingCompany (Pty.) Ltd., Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Chairman of theCommittee on South West AfricaWe have the honour to introduce to you "South West News" a fortnightlypublication by the above Company, nine back copies of which have beendispatched to you today.-/Further, we beg you to consider the statement hereto attached for yourrecommendation to the General Assembly for any possible assistance under theUnited Nations specialized agencies. Or, for recommendations to the memberstates for foreign help schemes that may be available in their respective ccuntries.We observed that in your report to this year's General Assembly yourecommended the promotion of the economic, educational and political standardsof the indigenous population of South West Africa. We feel that a project likeours the African Publishing Company, which is financed, controlled, managedand owned by Africans and which has various purposes - could be one of themethods by which your goals would be realized.

The Company could serve to co-ordinate community development activities,while the newspaper would serve to stimulate the local potential for growth inevery direction."The two major processes by which the efforts of the people to improvetheir conditions are stimulated and assisted are education (formal andinformal) and the promotion of effective organisations of the peoplethemselves and provision of technical and other services for which in generalGovernment must be responsible." (Report of the United Nations Mission toSurvey Community Development in Africa 1956).While we realize that the major reliance is on "the awareness in the people of theirown inherent strength and the exercise of that strength for making their owndestiny", we also believe that outside assistance and care are indeedThese issues of South West News have been retained in the files of theSecretariat and are available for reference./I...

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 198important for nourishing the local forces and must be counted as a crucial factorin our development.Sir, your Committee is well informed about local conditions that we need not statethat such assistance is not available to us in South West Africa.We would, therefore, greatly appreciate it if the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization could, for instance, help us with the trainingof our people in special fields of knowledge. With a better qualified staff wecould extend our activities through better organization, thus improving the livingstandards of our people.It should, however, be remembered that while we are appealing for help of allkinds, we are aware of the fact that help will always be subject to the functionsand scope of each and every body.(Signed) John G. Muundjuap.p. CHAIRYAN OF THE BCAED OF DIRECTORS Enclo sure"SOUTH WEST NEWS"FOR -WHOM?"South West News" strives to serve all the people of South West Africa,irrespective of colour or creed, on a territorial basis as well as in relation to thewhole of Africa and the world.To the bulk of our population which is illiterate and ignorant the paper must bringlight and education; it must stimulate them to take a keener interest in their ownlives. And this is a basic function.For the majority of our people wihose voices are silenced, the paper must speak.To those who have been conditioned to accept a lower status in life by continuoussubjugation, the denial of basic human rights, and unhealthy indoctrination, thepaper must strive to give hope and pride.

Because the founders believe in the common humanity of all nations - ourcommon stock Homo Sapiens - the paper must strive towards the achievement ofbetter race relations, and international peace. Co-existence.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 199Then the world must be informed, as far as possible, about conditions in SouthWest Africa and the rest of the continent.To keep these goals in mind the founders have adopted a definite policy givenhere below:POLICY DECLARATION(a) Our object is to serve as a vigorous instrument to promote the socialand educational well-being of all inhabitants of South Jest Africa,irrespective of race, colour or creed.(b) Our desired aim is to give objective news and political reporting,unclouded by racial or political prejudices.(c) We aim to serve the uppermost interest of this territory, and will in thenest of our ability assist in furthering its economical growth and politicalmaturity(d) We declare that no political party, religious sect, or individual of anystanding shall in any way dictate, direct or influence cur policy, but we willpursue a path of impartiality, honesty and objectivity in all issues.(e) We shall constantly fight to uphold the basic human rights for allpeople, and expose any injustice that Tay be perpetrated deliberately byGovernments, individuals or organisations on any secticn of the community.PRESENT POSITIONThe share capital of the Company is FIVE HUNDRED POUNDS (5OO.0.o)divided into five hundred shares of Cne (21. 0.0) each, with rower to increase ordecrease the capital, to consolidate the shares, and with power also to divide theshares in the original or any increased capital into several classes, and to attachthereto respectively any preferential, qualified, special or deferred rights,privileges and conditions, and from time to time to alter or modify the same.However, only 85 shares have been taken out. A little capital indeed.Besides, from the beginning we have been running at a loss. Thus we have a debtthat may force us to stop printing the paper.On the other hand the paper is gaining great popularity - it is read inpractically every town of the country as well as in the so-called Reserves - ourrural areas (see enclosure No, 1). But, while geographically speaking the paper

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 200is widely spread, the circulation rerains low (only 2000). This is mainly due to thehigh rate of illiteracy.Because of the low circulation we are compelled to sell the paper at

6d (six-pence) a copy which is not quite economic to our people who live belowsubsistance level.As a young paper and perhaps due to some other reasons, we have not yetbeen able to attract enough advertising to augment the paper's revenue.Chances are very narrow for Africans to secure loans. Racial discrimination doesnot only make it impossible for the African Publishing Company to secure loansbut cripples the press machinery in many ways. (See enclosure No.2).While the above are difficulties peculiar to our situation, there are other handicapsthat are common to the African press in Southern Africa. Mr. Brian Bunting, aprominent South African Journalist, has this to say in his survey of the Non-Whitepress in the Union of South Africa:"It should be borne in mind, of course, that great difficulties facethe African people with regard to the establishment of an independent press. Thegreatest difficulty is lack of capital. It costs a greatdeal of money to start a newspaper and keep it in being until suchtime as it has established itself and is able to keep going on its o~m revenue. Inaddition to capital, the establishment of a press requiresthe right to own freehold property and to carry out business undertakingswith the maximum security - all rights which are denied to the African people,which in consequence has a very small middle class. Any paper which openlyvoiced the policies of the liberation movement would alsofind it extremely hard to attract advertising into its pages, as the experience of"New Age" has shown - and advertising is the greatestsource of revenue for most papers - Big business will not supportpolicies which are fundamentally opposed to its own interests." (Seeenclosure No. 3)."Secondly, a stable press really needs a stable population to supportit, and the African people, in consequence of the provisions of the UrbanAreas Act (Its counter-part in South West Africa is the Urban Proclamationof 1951) and other laws, are at any tine liable to be moved from onearea to another, banished or deported, with no right of permanent domicileanywhere in the country. It would, for instance, be extremely difficult for anAfrican paper to keep its staff together: an African journalistwho incurred the wrath of the authorities would always be liable tosummary arrest and deportation without trial. " Here we have the nearexample of Emil Appolus, who edited the first issue of "South West News",and who had to leave the country because of a deportation order againsthis wife. "Firally the pr'oblem of illiteracy.".

A/AC.-73/4EnglishPage 201In his survey Mr. Bunting shows a record of failure in the Union to create andmaintain a press. One must bear in mind that Africans in the Union are farsuperior in numbers compared to us, about 40 times more than we are. The ratio

of literacy is about the same. The difficulties in South West Africa with regard tothe maintenance of a press are, therefore, greater than elsewhere in SouthernAfrica.PLANS FOR CCNSOLIDATICNIn the light of the foregoing, the Board hopes to consolidate the position of theCompany by increasing its activities. The Company aims at carrying out thefollowing functions which are, inter alia, embodied in its memorandum:a. Running a Cinema (mobile). Here the inclination will be educational rather thanoutright commercial.b. Transport. The Windhoek Town Council has invited tenders to undertaketransport services between African residential areas and the town. The AfricanPublishing Company wishes to snatch at this opportunity, or;c. Undertake any other business which may subsidize the newspaper as the lattercannot run on its own revenue.d. By-activities e.g. cultural centres and clubs to help in the promotion of ourpeople.e. Last but not least is to ultimately buy our own printing machine.APPEALIt is mainly with the above goals in our view that we are calling for help andguidance:a. The Board wishes to appeal for financial help in the form of loans onreasonable terms, and perhaps donations.b. The Board would appreciate it very much if benevolent bodies of the worldcould donate educational materials in the form of books, a film projector, avariety of films, periodicals, magazires, records etc.c. The Board would welcome advice on the runnin g as vel as constructivecriticism of the project.We hope that this appeal will be consi1ered sy,. cathe-ically.Yours fai±hfu!!y,(Signed) John G. .:uunrd.ua-.c. CHA!IP ,A T CF F, BC'27r f :TIT:CTO_ r

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 202Note No. 1"South West News" is gaining great popularity:A semi-literate cobbler at Tsumeb, a town in the extreme north of SouthWest Africa, writes to congratulate the newspaper and also encloses half-a-crownfor his five copies.The letter is then sent, as seen on the envelope, ! to the persons whosephotos appear on the front page of the first copy he gets hold of. ("South WestNews" No. 5).Follow-up literature is invaluable to this type of person. "South West News" canhelp promote literacy in the territory because it ditches out topics of interest andnews reports in the local vernaculars.

Note No. 2"Because of race discrimination our press machinery is being crippled in manyways."See last paragraph of this letter.NEWSPAPER PRESS UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA Johannesburg8th December, 1959.The Director,African Publishing Co. (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 749,WINDHOEK S.W.A.Dear Sir,I acknowledge, with thanks, receipt of your letter dated 30th November 1959, inwhich you request to be furnished with six blank Press Identity Cards for youreditors and reporters.In terms of our arrangement with the Commissioner of Police, Press IdentityCards may only be issued to members of the Newspaper Press Union, and I amtherefore not in a position to ccmply with your request.2/ A photostat, enclosed by the author, showed an addressed envelope and awritten text in an indigenous language.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 203I would suggest however that you write direct to the Commissioner of Police witha request that cards be issued to you.Insofar as membership of the N.P.U. is concerned, I enclose an application formand would draw attention to the following provision in our Constitution relating tomembership:"3.(1)(a) European employers, being the proprietors of newspapers,engaged in that section of Printing and Newspaper Industry inwhich newspapers are published in any part of South Africashall be eligible for membership, provided however that wherethe applicant is a company it shall not be eligible formembership unless the directorate of such applicant is composedsolely of Europeans."Yours faithfully,(Signed) IllegibleGENERAL SECRETARYNote No. 3Brian Bunting says, "Any paper which openly voiced the policies of the liberationmovement would also find it extremely hard to attract advertising into its pages."This letter from a big firm which has now discontinued advertising in "SouthWest News", simply because the paper speaks for Africans, is a gccd testimony ofthe above statement. The same firm advertising regularly in all the othernewspapers of the country, some which are mouth-pieces of political parties.Text of letter:

"We refer to your letter of the 8th instant, enclosing back copies of the "SouthWest News"."It was understood that when we agreed to insert an advertisement, that thenewspaper would deal only with non-racial and non-rolitical topics."We regret, however, that we do not wish our advertisement to continue and mustask you to cancel future advertisement. -e will, of course, pay for alladvertisements which have been inserted up to date."I...

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 204COMMUNICATIONS RELATING TO SOUTH WEST AFRICA96. Letterl/ dated 1 August 1960, and enclosures, fromMr. Mburumba Kerina, New YorkThis is to inform you of the status of the SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLESORGANIZATION (SWAPO). We solicit your interest in our continuingdevelopment as our country progresses along the path to independence.We desire close co-operation with the Government and people of your countryand the various organizations in your country and hope that such co-operation willbe of mutual benefit to us all.A background paper of the South West Africa situation is in preparation.We should like to send you a copy of this document in early October.Communications should be addressed to:Mr. Sam Nujoma, President OR Mr. L. Nelengani, Vice-PresidentS.W.A.P.O. S.W.A.P.O.c/o M. Kerina P.O. Box 107115C6 Second Avenue Windhoek 'New York 21, N.Y. South West AfricaMburumba Kerina1506 Second AvenueNew York 21, N.Y.Yours For Africa Freedom.(Signed): Sam Nujoma M. Kerinai/ The original was a mimeographed letter.

A/AC . 73/4EnglishPage 205Enclosures(i) Replica of the printed stationery of S.W.A.P.O., containing the followingparticulars relating to the Organization:THE SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLES ORGANIZATION (S. W. A. P. 0.)Work in Solidarity For Justice And Freedom Longeni Nehangano MujukiNemanguluko Ungureje Noruuano Mousemba NongutukiroNational Headquarters - P.O. Box 1071 - Windhoek South West Africa

NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEAOUTAPAMA AUSEB BEUKESEIXAB ERLIAFORTUNE HAITEMBU HAMbTUMBANGELAM. HAIKUPUKURUA P. HILONGUA M. KERINA J. KUHANGUAN. MACHUIRIRI L. MUASHEKELE A. NASEBNDADI NELENGANI NUJOMA SHOOMBETHERRESIEN JA-TOIVO TUHANDELENINATIONAL BRANCHESGOBABIS KAOKOVELD OKAHANDJA ORANJEMUND OTJIWARONGOOVAMBOLAND LUDERITZ SWAKOPMUND TSUMEBUSAKOS...

A/AC. 73/'4Ergli 3hPage 206(ii) A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLESORGANIZATIONThe SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLES ORGANIZATION (SWAPO) is theoldest and largest political organization in South West Africa. Its membership iscomposed of men and women of all indigenous ethnic groups in the country. Itsbasic aims are to unite all the people of our country into an effective politicalbody to work for the complete emancipation and independence of South WestAfrica and to contribute its efforts to the total liberation and reconstruction of theentire African continent.The SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLES ORGANIZATION was orginallyorganized as the Ovamboland Peoples' Congress by South West Africans' residingin Cape Town in 1958. Most of the South West Africans in Cape Town wereOvambo labourers and early membership in the organization was necessarilydrawn from among these men. The founder and first President of the OvambolandPeoples Congress was Toivo Ja-Toivo. The Ovamboland Peoples Congress wasdedicated the, as its succossor the SOUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLESORGANIZATION is, to the termination of the South African administration overthe Mandated Territory of South West Africa and our country's achievement ofUnited Nations Trusteeship status as a first step toward independence.From its inception the Ovamboland Peoples Congress activities in Cape Townwere closely integrated with political developments in South West Africa itself. Anew leadership began to develop in South West Africa and the message of theOvamboland Peoples Congress spread throughout the entire country as a newcolitical consciousness grew and took shape.In April 1959, Toivo was arrested and deported from Cape Town to Ovambolandfor his leadership of the Ovamboland Peoples Congress and for sending petitionsand a tape recorded message to the United Nations. He remains there under arrestto this day. The centre of the Ovamboland Peoples Congress activities shiftedfrom Cape Town to Windhoek, the capital of South West Africa. on April 19,

1959, the Ovamboland Peoples Congress became the OVAMBOLANDPEOPLES ORGANIZATION (OPO) under the Presidency of Sam Nujcma. Sincethat time the membership has increased to over 50,CCO persons organizedthroughout the whole country in twelve national branches.In June 1960, the OVAMBOLAND PEOPLES ORGANIZATION (OPO)changed its name to the SCUTH WEST AFRICA PEOPLES ORGANIZATION(SWAPO) in conformity with the true character of the organization -- a masspolitical organization which by that time was comprised of various indigenousgroups in the country. In keeping with its determination that the liberation ofSouth West Africa is to be the work of all South West Africans and not that of asingle group, the SOUTH WEST AFRICA PECPLES CRGANIZATIONpromotes the principle of collective leadership. Its governing body, theNATICNAL EXECUTIVE CCIvNITTEE, is composed of representatives of allsegments of the African population and the rank and file....

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 207In spite of the South African Government's efforts to destroy the SOUTH WESTAFRICA PEOPLES ORGANIZATION (SWAPO) through economic reprisals,mass intimidation of its members and leaders, the SOUTH WEST AFRICAPEOPLES ORGANIZATION has become a major political force within SouthWest Africa. It also stands as a significant element in African politicaldevelopment and a representative voice of the people on the larger internationalscene.MBURUMBA KERINA97. Telegram received on 30 September 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralWE ARE NO PARTY TO STATEMENT BY JARIRETUNDU KOZONGUIZIIN PEKING CHINA STOPLETTER TO FOLLOWHOSEA KUTAKO98. Letter dated 29 September 1960, from Chief Hosea Kutako andChief Samuel Witbooi, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralWe wish to inform you that we are not a party to the statement madeby Mr. Fanuel Jariretundu Kozonguizi in Peking in the People's Republic ofChina.We have faith in the United Nations. We realize that the United Nations is makinga great effort to release us from the oppression of the Union of South Africa.We are grateful to the support which the United States gives to us at the UnitedNations.(Signed) Hosea Kutako99. Letter dated 19 September 1960, from Messrs. Sam Nujcma, Jacob Kuhanguaand Mburumba Kerina, South West Africa Peoples Organization, Iew Y'urk,

to the-Secretary-GeneralWe, the undersigned members of the National Executive Committee of the SouthWest Africa Peoples Organization, address this statement to you with a view toclarifying our people's position on a matter of mutual concern to both our peopleand the United Nations. We do this in order that the real issues in the case ofSouth West Africa not be confused in the forthcoming deliberations of the UnitedNationst General Assembly.

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 208We have taken serious note of a statement made by one South West Africanpetitioner on August 28th, 1960. We do not endorse this statement and we assertthat it does not represent the view of the vast majority of the South West Africanpeople.We take particular exception of the following two remarks:"It is the dollar that maintains the United Nations and the SecretaryGeneral DagHammarskjold; for 14 years they have not been able to do athing to free South West Africa.""But in spite of its noise about justice and freedom, the U.S. dominatedUnited Nations has not been able to raise its finger to help the peopleof South West Africa."Our people generally share the view that if the United Nations had fulfilled itsaims on the basis of principle in South West Africa our question would no longerbe an item on the agenda of the United Nations, but that our people would berepresented here as a sovereign state. We have suffered disillusionment anddisappointment through the years as we have stated and restated in our petitionsbefore the United Nations General Assembly. Our people's blood has been shedbecause they refused to submit to the South African tyranny and oppression. Ourorganization is being ruthlessly suppressed because it has become an effectiveexpression of African resistance to the inhuman and immoral system of Apartheidwhich is illegally being imposed upon us. In spite of this we acknowledge that theUnited Nations and its machinery offer the most constructive possibilities forregaining our sovereignty with a minimum of strife and bloodshed.Without the United Nations, South West Africa would not have retained itsinternational character. Within the United Nations men of genuine goodwill andconstructive intentions all over the world have come to support our just strugglefor self-determination. Under the aegis of the United Nations we expect toachieve complete sovereignty according to the wishes of our people. As in thepast, we welcome the support of all countries who sincerely want to help usachieve what we want and shall inevitably achieve for ourselves.We issue this statement as a representative African political organization. Wehope that this general clarification of our position in regard to the United Nationswill assist your office and all states in an effort toward an early solution of ourdispute with the Government of the Union of South Africa.

' ' ' ' ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... * " *A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 209The people of South West Africa seek to destroy no one, but we reassert ourdetermination to rid ourselves completely of foreign domination, to defend by allmeans, our lives and integrity, and to rebuild our country according to our ownwill. In our aspiration we feel that we are united with the people of the world andthat we reflect the noblest principles of the United Nations.We repeat that it is precisely because the United Nations has not yetcompletely realized its principles or exercised its full authority that there remainsa "Question of South West Africa". And aside from considerations of our people'swelfare, the United Nations itself may well stand or fall on the basis of how itconquers the challenges that our question poses. However, we approach thisGeneral Assembly session with confidence in the United Nations' ability to takedecisive action and we look to the Secretary-General to exercise the will of theInternational Community with imagination and courage.(Signed): Sam NujomaJacob KuhanguaMburumba Kerina100. Letter dated 7 October 1960, from Mr. Jariretundu Kozonguizi, London,to the Chairman, the Secretary-General, United Nations South West AfricaMy attention has been drawn to Statements said to be circulated around theUnited Nations from various quarters purporting to be emanating from me or tobe copies of Statements I have made in the Peoples Republic of China during mylast visit there.I am writing to state that all the Statements made by me on that occasion were myown statements and while I hold on to every word I uttered as contained in theStatements I made which are not necessarily the ones being circulated I want anyother person who may have been implicated as a Party to them to be absolved.I want to stress that I am not withdrawing the statements I made but I am merelypointing out that I should solely be held responsible for them.It is therefore my wish that I should be granted a hearing to explain my position.-/(Signed) Jariretundu KozonguiziJariretundu KozonguiziL/ An earlier request by Mr. Kozonguizi for a hearing (A/C.4/443) was grantedby the Fourth Committee at its l004th meeting on 6 October 1960.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 210101. Telegram received on 14 October 1960, from the Secretary-General,South West Africa National Union, Windhoek, South West Africa,to the Fourth Committee, United Nations

WE REAFFIRM THAT MR JARIRETUNDU KOZONGUIZI IS AUTHORISEDTO SPEAK ON BEHALF OF SWANU IN HIS CAPACITY AS PRESIDENTGENERALSECRETARY GENERAL10?. Letter dated 4 January 1961, and enclosure, from Mr. JariretunduKozonguizi,South West Africa National Union, London, to the Secretary-GeneralEnclosed is a Memo on the history of the South West African National Union inbrief which will be of interest to your Organisation.SWANU was founded to secure and maintain the complete unity of the people ofSouth West Africa to fight relentlessly to attain and maintain self determinationfor the people of South West Africa and their Chief, to work with alliedmovements in Africa and other Continents with a view to abolish imperialism,racialism, tribalism and all forms of oppression and economic exploitation.To this end SWANU is a full member of the All African Peoples Conference andthe Afro-Asian Solidarity the latter of which SWANU's President is an Executivemember. SWANU is also a member of the South Africa United Front.(Signed) Jariretundu KozonguiziJariretundu KozonguiziPresidentEnclosureSOUTH WEST AFRICAN NATIONAL UNIONThe history of the South West African National Union goes back as far as theearly fifties when the need was felt for a Movement in South West Africa whichcould raise the level of political activity.In 1952 a student association - the S.W.A. Student Body - was formed withJariretundu Kozonguizi as President and Eric Getzen as Secretary to promote theeducational and cultural advancement of the African people in South West Africa.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 211In 1955 this became the S.W.A. Progressive Association with Uatja Kaukuetu asPresident and Tunguru Huaraka as General Secretary. SWAPA aimed at thepromotion of the educational and cultural progress as well as the political andeconomic advancement of the African people of South West Africa.The years 1955-1958 saw extensive consultations amongst various groups andindividuals in South West Africa with a view to launch in the Territory thecounterpart of the African National Congress in the Union of South Africa. Fromthe beginning there was a tacit and later open recognition of the close linkbetween the liberation struggle in SWA and that in South Africa itself. Theseconsultations were carried on amongst these following groups: Advisors of ChiefHosea Kutako of the Hereros, representatives of Chief Witbooi of the Namas,leaders of the Ovamboland Peoples Congress in Cape Town, the AfricanImprovement Society, SWAPA, and the Society for the Advancement of theAfrican People in SWA, The SWA African Teachers Association and the SWA

Coloured Teachers Association were approached but declined to take part in whatthey termed 'politics' on the grounds that they were 'civil servants'.In 1957 Jariretundu Kozonguizi at the expense of the people of SWA was sent toCape Town for a year of study at the University of Cape Town and whilst therewith Herman Toivo to make a study of the machinery and methods of fighting ofthe liberatory movement and particularly the ANC in the Union of South Africaand on the basis of these studies to formulate plans for the establishment of anational movement for the liberation of the African people in SWA.In 1958 plans were almost finalised for the launching of a National freedomMovement in SWA. In November 1958 Herman Toivo and Kozonguizi submittedtheir plans to a select group of people in SWA ..... the SWA National Front(Getzen had suggested that the name be Peoples Front of SWA) was to beestablished on regional basis: the Cape Town Ovamboland Peoples Congress wasto be the nucleus of the wider Ovamboland Peoples Congress with regionalheadquarters at Ondangua in Ovamboland. Keetmanshoop was to be the regionalheadquarters of the Namaland Peoples Congress whilst either Okahandja orUsakos would become the Headquarters for the Damaraland Peoples Congress.WINDHOEK was to be the National headquarters of the SWA National Front.Chiefs were to be invited to be the Patrons of the Front.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 212In December 1959 Toivo and Kozonguizi put their plans before a select group inKeetmanshoop mainly members of the Society for the Advancement of theAfrican People in SWA-under the Chairmanship of Philip Musirika. The planswere accepted and the SAASWA was to become the Namaland Peoples Congress.Later in December Toivo and Kozcnguizi laid their plans before therepresentatives of various groups in Windhoek. The meeting was presided over byClement Kapuuo now deputy Chief of the Hereros. A recommendation from thismeeting was addressed to the people of SWA that Kozonguizi be employed fulltime to organise the Front whilst Toivo was to leave immediately for Ovambolandto launch the regional Ovamboland Peoples Congress. This was in the face ofpressure from the Native Affairs Authorities who wanted Toivo to remain inWindhoek. They felt in Ovamboland he would be more 'poisonous' and'dangerous' than in Windhoek. Hence he has been subjected to arrests ever sincehe left Windhoek.The arrest of Toivo and other developments temporarily checked the progresstowards the launching of the National Movement. At the urgent request of theRev. Michael Scott, Kozonguizi was asked to leave for the UN, as personalrepresentative of Chief Hosea Kutako. In Cape Town, Jacob Kuhangua, launchedthe Ovamboland Peoples Organisation which unlike the Ovamboland PeoplesCongress under Toivo was not linked to the move for a national organisation inSWA. Later Mr. Kuhangua moved to Windhoek where in co-operation with SamNujoma the OPO was extended to include the Ovambo workers in SWA itself aswell. This new development however did not reflect the temporarily suspended

efforts for a national movement. Sam Nujoma himself continued to take part inthe discussions. And in August 1959 at a Conference described by deputy ChiefClement Kapuuo as historic, held in the International Hall in the WindhoekLocation the SWA National Union was launched. The following were elected tothe National Executive:Jariretundu Kozonguizi - President (then spokesman at the U.N.)Uatja Kuakuetu - deputy President (then President of SWAPA) Uaseta Mbuha -General Secretary (then Ex. Member of SWAPA)Isascar Kambatuku - Assistant SecretaryLouis Nelengani - National Treasurer (then Vice President of OPO)Nathan Mbaev - Propaganda and Organising Secretary (then prominent Hereroleader)

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 213Additional Executive members:Aaron Kapare (Adviser to Chief Hosea Kutako)Augus Gariseb (Prominent Damara leader)Emil Appolos (journalist)Sam Nujoma (president of OPO)John Muundjua (Executive member of SWAPA)Under this Executive (Kozonguizi still abroad) SWANU had to face the firstchallenge to its existence which came with the impending removal to Katutura.Nevertheless the National Union acquitted itself well and 'almost overnight thepolitical consciousness of the people soared to a new height and the national unityamongst the various tribal groups was an established fact. This was very welldemonstrated at the most trying time during the events of the night of HumanRights Day 1959 when many people in Windhoek became the victims of extremeofficial provocation and Army brutality.Following these events Nathan Mbaeva - Propaganda and Organising Secretary ofthe National Union was ordered out of Windhoek and confined to EpukiroReserve near the Bechuanaland border. Sam Nujcma and Executive member wasbanished to Ovamboland and it was at this juncture that Oliver Tambo aJohannesburg lawyer was briefed to come to Windhoek. Mr. Tambo was notallowed to land at Windhoek Airport. Since then more banishments had followedand the National Executive had to be reshuffled.The latest developments: In August 1960 Uatja Kuakuetu (Vice President) andCharles Kauraisa (Walvis Bay representative) took up Scholarships in Sweden.Earlier Tunguru Huaraka had left for Ghana to take up a scholarship there andVita Kaukuetu and Ambrose Kandjii left for East and North Africa respectively.Not a single one of them was given travel documents by the Government.The National Executive is composed as ff:Jariretundu Kozonguizi - President (abroad) Uatja Kaukuetu - deeputy President(abroad)Uaseta Mbuha - Secretary General

John uundjua - acting deputy PresidentNathan Mbaeva - Propaganda and Organising SecretaryJitjevi Veli - Assistant Secretary and acting Propaganda Secretary.Eb Kazapua - National Treasurer

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 214Additional members: Eliphas Tjingaete Peter NguvauvaSiseva SiririkaWerner ManugweKatuna KambaskuaWorking Committee: The five additional members and: S. KenamuiniA. KasutoH. KomomungondoRepresentatives abroad: J. Kozonguizi (LondonCharles Kauraisa (Stockholm) Tunguru Kuaraka (Ghana)Vita Kaukuetu (Dar es Salaam) Ambrose Kandjii (North Africa-Cairo)Jariretundu Kozonguizi was born 26. 1. 1932, in Windhoek. Went to PrimarySchool there, 1939-1945. Attended High School in Warmbatha (Transvaal) 1950-1953. 1952 was clected President of SWA Student Body. Went to Fort HareUniversity College 1954 and at end of 1956 graduated B.A., in History andPsychology. 1957 studied at Cape Town University. Had drawn up theConstitution of SWAPA. In 1958 obtained Diploma in Education. 1959 left SWAto become personal representative of Chief Hosea Kutako at the U.N. August1959 was elected President of SWANU. In April 1960 was elected to Executiveof Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference.Uatja Kuakuetu; born 1934 in Windhoek. Went to Primary School in Windhoekand Luderitz Bay and attended High School in Wellington Cape Province.Qualified as Teacher at Hewatt Training College in Cape Town and also attendedUniversity of Cape Town. In 1955 was elected President of SWAPA and in 1958became deputy President of SWANU. Now studying at LUND University inSWEDEN.John Gorvey Muundjua born 1928 in Bechuanaland. Parents having been refugeesof the Herero-German War 1904-07. Returned to SWA 1942 went to school inWindhoek and also studied privately. Served on several deputations to theAdministration elected to Executive of SWAPA 1955 and to SWANU Executive1959. Became acting

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 215deputy President of SWANU in September 1960 after serving as actingPropaganda and organising Secretary during the first half of the year.Hitjevi VeiiPropaganda and Organising Secretary

National Headquarters,Windhoek,SOUTH WEST AFRICA.103. Letter dated 9 January 1961, from Miss Lorna Richmond, S 7Africa Bureau, London, to the Chairman of the Fourth CommitteeThe Reverend Michael Scott is at present abroad, but at his request I amforwarding to you under separate cover the section of Hansard covering the recentdebate on South West Africa in the House of Commons.L(signed) LornaRichmondAssistant Secret&ry1/ The extract consisted of pages 671-729 of Hansard of 15 December 1960,containing a debate on South West Africa. At the conclusion of thedebate the House of Commons adopted the following resolution:"Resolved, That this House calls upon Her Majesty's Government totake action in the United Nations and in the forthcoming CommonwealthPrime Ministers' Conference to ensure that the Government of South Africacarries out the solemn obligations it undertook in accepting the Mandatefor South-West Africa, or surrenders it to the United Nations so thatalternative trusteeship arrangements can be made."The extracts are available for reference in the files of the Secretariat.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 216104. Letter dated 21 March 1961, from Miss Lorna Richmond, Africa Bureau,London, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West AfricaMr. Scott thought you would be interested to see the enclosed extract of theHansard dated March 8th, 1961 concerning South West Africa./Secretary to theReverend Michael Scott2Q-2105. Letter dated 24 March 1961, from Miss Lorna Richmond, Africa Bureau,London, to the Secretary of the Committee on South West AfricaAirmailFollowing my letter of March 21st I now enclose* the Hansard report of thedebate in the House of Commons on South Africa last Wednesday, which may beof interest to you and members of the Committee.(Signed) Lorna RichmondSecretary to theReverend Michael ScottSent airmail under separate cover.2/The relevant extract consisted of a portion of column 478 and columns 479-81of Hansard, 8 March 1961, containing a debate in the House of Commons on amotion by Mr. Dingle Foot, who asked "leave to move the Adjournment of theHouse for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent publicimportance, namely,

the refusal of Her Majesty's Government to give any assurance that they will raiseat the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference thequestion of the future of the Mandate for South-West Africa inaccordance with the Resolution passed by this House on 15th December,1960." (For text of resolution see No. 102 above)The Speaker of the House concluded that he was unable to accede toMr. Foot's request.The extracts are available for reference in the files of the Secretariat. 2/ Hansardextracts subsequently received consisted of columns 441-532of Hansard of 22 March 1961, containing a statement by the Prime Minister,Mr. Harold Macmillan, and succeeding debate on the withdrawal of theUnion of South Africa from the Commonwealth.The extracts are available in the files of the Secretariat for reference....

A/AC 73/4EnglishPage 217106. Cablegram received on 18 March 1961, from the Reverend Michael Scott,London, to the Chairman of the Committee on South West AfricaURGE COWMITIEE ON SOUTHWEST AFRICA VISIT SOLTHWESTAFRICA VIA BECHUANALAND STOPGRATEFUL OPPORTUNITY OF ACCOMPANYING COMMITTEE ORFOLLOWING SOONEST POSSIBLE107. Letter dated 30 May 1961, and enclosures, from Mr. Arlo Tatum, Secretary,World Peace Brigade, Enfield, England, to the Secretary and Chairman,Committee on South West AfricaA special Conference has been called this December to formulate and found anindependent unarmed World Peace Brigade. The Chairman of the PreparatoryCommittee is Michael Scott and I am its Secretary. Enclosed are the first twoInformation Sheets from the Preparatory Committee indicating the individualswho have thus far agreed to sponsor this international effort.In addition to the constructive work the Brigade hopes to undertake ineconomically and socially depressed areas of the world it is also intended that theBrigade be in a position to offer its services in areas of tension either under theauspices of the United Nations or independently.We forsee many possibilities for the Brigade to address itself to problemsin Africa, and it is for this reason that my Committee has instructed me to write toyou in order to urge you to accept the offer of Michael Scott,-/ our Chairman, toaccompany the delegation which intends to leave shortly for South West Africa,despite the lack of co-operation from the South West African Government. Wefully support the proposed mission and express the hope that the members willseek to enter the mandated territory irrespective of whether visas are granted.Michael Scott is prepared to do so with the full support of our PreparatoryCommittee. He enjoys the confidence of the vast majority of thepoliticallyconscious Africans and thus, we feel, would be a definite asset to the

mission. In addition to what help he might give to the South West AfricanCommittee itself he would also obtain first-hand information on the possibilitiesof using the services of the proposed World Peace Brigade in South West Africa.Meantime we would be prepared to call upon our list of advance volunteersshould you feel that additional persons would be useful in the situation.L/ Cablegram reproduced as No. 1C6 above.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 218I beg you to reply at your earliest convenience either to me or directly to MichaelScott at 65 Denison House, 296 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, S.W.l.Yours faithfully,(Signed) Arlo Tatum Secretary Preparatory CommitteeP.S. The War Resisters' International, whose letter-head the PreparatoryCommittee is using temporarily, was instrumental in initiating the Conference forthe establishment of a World Peace Brigade but does not control the policydecisions.EnclosuresINFORMATION SHEET NO. 1WORLD PEACE BRIGADE CONFERENCEPREPARATORY COMMITTEE2nd May, 1961To implement the decision of the Tenth Triennial Conference of Resisters'International to establish an International Shanti Sena, Peace Brigade, thefollowing Preparatory Committee was appointed to world conference specificallyfor that purpose:Michael Scott (Chairman) Ernest Bader Donald Groom Michael Randlethe War or World organise aArlo Tatum (Secretary) Anthony Brooke Stuart MorrisIt has been tentatively agreed that the Conference will be held from 28thDecember, 1961 to and including ist January, 1962, at the Friends High School,Brcumana (outside Beirut), Lebanon.Of those who have been asked to act as Sponsors of the Conference, the followinghave thus far accepted:Horace Alexander (Gt. Britain) Danilo Dolci (Sicily)Asha Devi Aryanayakam (India) Richard Gregg (U.S.A.)

A/AC. 73/4 English Page 219Martin Luther King (U.S.A.) Jayaprakash Narayan (India) Alan Paton (SouthAfrica) l'Abbd Pierre (France) Dr. Ratsimamonga (Madagascan Bayard Rustin(U.S.A.) Michael Scott (Gt. Britain)A.J. Muste (U.S.A.)Maryin Nienf6ller (W. Germany)Clarence Pickett (U.S.A.)G. Ramachandran (India) Ambassador in France)

Bertrand Russell (Gt. Britain)Lanzo del Vasto (France)For further information apply to:ARLO TATUMSecretary Preparatory CommitteeWorld Peace Brigade88 Park Avenue,Enfield, Middlesex, EnglandINFORMATION SHEET NO. 2WORLD PEACE BRIGADE CONFERENCEPREPARATORY COMMITTEECABLES: NOFRONTIER, ENFIELDist June, 1961The following persons have come forward to act as Sponsors for theConference to Establish a World Peace Brigade, to be held 28th December, 1961to and including 1st January, 1962 at Brummana High School, Brummana (nearBeirut), Lebanon:Iwao Ayusawa (Japan) Vinoba Bhave (India) Martin Buber (Israel)Josud de Castro (Brazil)Bernhardt Jensen (Denmark)Kenneth Kaunda (N. Rhodesia) Julius Nyerere (Tanganyika) Edmond Privat(Switzerland)Tibor Sekelj (Yugoslavia)These are in addition to those reported in the first Information Sheet(still available on request). There are now twenty-five Sponsors from sixteencountries. It is hoped to have additional Sponsors from Eastern Europe, theU.S.S.R. and Africa.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 220To the Preparatory Committee has been added Duncan Campbell, Headmaster ofthe Brunmana High School; Bayard Rustin (U.S.A.), who was previously aSponsor; and Frieda Bacon (England) of the Commonwealth of World Citizens.Donald Groom has agreed to serve as Treasurer.The Preparatory Committee has suggested to Rolz Bennett, Chairman of theUnited Nations Special Committee on South West Africa, that Michael Scottaccompany the U.N. delegation to South West Africa on behalf of the PreparatoryCommittee, which will seek from its advance list of Brigade volunteers additionalpersons to work with the U.N. delegation should this be considered desirable.Thus far the Government of South West Africa, a U.N. Mandated territory, hasrefused visas to the Delegation. It is hoped that this will not deter the delegationfrom seeking entry.ENQUIRIES TO:Arlo TatumWORLD PEACE BRIGADE

88 Park Avenue,Enfield, Middlesex,England108. Letter dated 12 June 1961, from Mr. Arlo Tatum, Secretary to thePreparatory Committee of the World Peace Conference, England, to theSecretary of the Committee on South West AfricaI take the liberty of writing you again regarding the United Nations mission toSouth West Africa and the offer of Michael Scott to accompany the mission as arepresentative of a Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of a World PeaceBrigade.We continue to consider the situation in South West Africa to be grave and againoffer our co-operation with the Special Committee on South West Africa. Inconsultation with Michael Scott it has been agreed that we should ask you to useyour discretion in determining whether our offer shculd be treated as a petition orless formally. In either case we hope you will treat our genuine offer of the 30thMay as a matter of urgency and bring it to the attention of yCur Chairman as soonas possible. We are most anxious for a reply.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 221It has occurred to us that it might strengthen the position of the United Nationsmiasion if one or two other individuals of high reputation were to associatethemselves with the mission in addition to Michael Scott. I therefore would bemore than willing to contact immediately any of the sponsors of our World PeaceBrigade Conference asking them to join the U.N. mission if you would considerthis useful. I am thinking, for example, of Jayaprakash Narayan, the politicallyindependent Sarvodaya leader in India, or Bayard Rustin, one of the leaders of theRacial Integration Struggle in the U.S. I will know whether they could makethemselves available by the time I have received a reply to this letter, but wouldbe willing to contact anyone else amongst our list of sponsors should you preferothers than those I suggest.We are earnestly hoping an immediate reply will be possible.(Signed) Arlo TatumSecretary Preparatory Committee109. Letter dated 17 April 1961, from Mr. Alfred John Ferreira, Rehoboth,South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralMr.,Jacobus Beukes of.Rehobotb, S.W.A. has kindly undertaken to introduce meto you. I am very much interested in the educational development of the studentsof South West Africa generally and of those in the Rehoboth Gebeit particularly.At present I am on the staff of the only High School for indigent pupils inRehoboth.It has become absolutely necessary that, with the available High School studentsat our disposal at the present moment, we consider earnestly the essential trainingfor them in the emerging conduct of the affairs of the Mandate - training in which

we have hitherto had no opportunity. We realise that we cannot wait until thetwelfth hour and then rush at such important work.Here in Rehoboth will be students, who will be writing the MatriculationExamination of the Union of South Africa at the end of the year, and we wouldlike them to get the necessary training in Officer Administration, Social Servicesand Child Welfare) Mining, Agriculture, Accounting, Medicine and VeterinaryServices, Engineering (Civil, Electrical and Mechanical) among others.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 222There are students in the other parts of the Territory, who are also interested.Someday - and it is not distant - we shall have to assume the responsibility ofdirecting the affairs of our land. We therefore, present our case to you forconsideration, for aid and for advice.Please tell us if there are sources under your jurisdiction, or to your knowledge, towhich we can apply and address ourselves for scholarships and/or bursaries inUniversities and Institutions for these students. Our need is urgent and immediate.On hearing from you, Sir, we shall gladly supply you with further information.(Signed) (Mr.) Alfred John FerreiraM.A. (Col.110. Letter!/ dated 17 April 1961, frcm Mr. Jacobus Beukes, Rehoboth, SouthWest Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralAllow me to introduce Mr. Alfred John Ferreira, M.A., to you. He willcommunicate with you in a separate letter in connexion with educational mattersin our country, South West Africa, and in Rehoboth in particular. I have alreadyinformed you, as you are aware, of how necessary it is that we should educate thesons and daughters of South West Africa as quickly as possible so that they canundertake responsible work among us, the indigenous inhabitants. For furtherdiscussions about educational matters, we hope that something will beaccomplished between you and Mr. Ferreira, who is resident and established withus here in Rehoboth as a citizen.(Signed) Jacobus Beukesl/ Original in Afrikaans.

A/AC. 73/4English) Page 223111. Communication dated 25 July 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako, Windhoek,South West AfricaTHE APPOITNETIT OF GERSON HOVEKA ANDMUNJUKU GNUVAUVAThe Herero Tribe:The Herero tribe consist of the following sections: Otjikatjamwaha, Onguatjindu,Ombanderu, Ombandi, Otjirera, Otjikaoko, Otjirukoro, Otjiseu,

Omungambu, Otjitjaimba, Ozombapa, Ombungo, Otjikuaima, Otjinrungunda,Otjikahere, Otjivasera, Ondoto, Otjihaka, Otjipepa, Ouzemba, Otjiuonga andOtjirungu. All the above sections fall under one Head (the Chief).The Ovambanderus are a section of the Herero tribe but they are not a differenttribe as they are regarded by the Government. How the Herero leaders (Headmen)are chosen:The Herero headmen are chosen in two ways. (a) Some succeed their fathers(Hereditary). In the event of disagreement they are elected by the section in whichthey live with the approval of the Head of the Herero tribe and that of the wholetribe. -Those who succeed their fathers are those of high birth.If a father of high birth dies without a child, his successor is selected from hisclose relatives.(b) When there are no people of high birth a headman is elected by thepeople or section in which he lives with the approval of the Head of the Hererotribe (Chief).Before Munlaiku was elected a group of people decided to elect Mlunjuku asChief of Ovambanderus.This group went to Chief Hosea Kutako in Aminius and told him that they haddecided to elect Yunjuku as Chief of the Ovambanderus. Chief Hosea Kutakoreplied that such a thing should be taken to the Herero tribal Conference atOkakarara for decision. The group replied that they had merely come to tell himbut their decision could not be altered. WIhen the group came to Gobabis fromChief Hosea they announced at a public meeting that Yiaharero's people andKanangatie's people will have no say in that election because they were thepeople who killed Kahimemua.

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 224Munjuku was then elected as chief on the 9, 10, and 11 October, 1960, at No. 3 inEpukiro. Cattle were slaughtered for the celebrations.The Magistrate of Gobabis wrote a letter to Messrs. Assaria Kamburona andNicklaas Karuaihe that they should go to Epukiro to elect a headman. TheMagistrate added in the same letter that any headmen of the Ovambanderus wouldfrcm now on owe allegiance to Munjuku Nguvauva (A copy of that letter is in thepossession of Mr. Van der Watt the Assistant Native Commissioner). AssariaKamburona and Nicklaas Karuaihe opposed the suggestion on the grounds that atno time in the History of the Hereros was there a separate Chief for theOvambanderus' section or any other section of the Hereros.On the 11 December 1960, Munjuku the same man who had been elected as Chiefwas elected as headman of Epukiro No. 3.The officials who were present were the assistant Magistrate of Gobabis and theSuperindentent of Otjinene Reserve Mr. Moller and a Non-European clerkGottlob Mbauhua. The Superindentent of Epukiro Mr. Dupreez was not present ashe was on leave.

On the 10th December 1960, Baordman Petrus Kaunatjike told the AssistantMagistrate of Gobabis that the people who were under Mr. Hoveka would not bepresent for the election of a headman because the election of a headman forEpukiro took place on 24 July 1958 at which Mr. Gerson Hoveka was electedwith 101 in favour and 71 against.Petrus Kaunatjike added that the whole Herero tribe was waiting for thedate on which Mr. Gerson Hoveka would start work.Mr. Munjuku who had been elected on two previous occasions first as Chief, andthen as a headman without the approval of the Head of the Herero tribe and of theHereo tribe will now be elected for the third time as headman of Epukiro on 5August 1961, according to a letter L received from the Chief NativeCorissioner dated 15 July 1961.The Head of the Hereros and the Herero tribe regard the election ofMunjuku as having been wrongly conducted because the group contraverned theauthority of the Chief and tribe when they said that they had merely come to tellhim and that their decision could not be altered and that he (the Chief) had no sayin the natter.

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 225This is contrary to the system according to which the Herero leaders are elected.Our tribal traditional organization does not allow one of its subjects to be electedwho will not owe allegiance to the existing democratically elected authority of theHereros.Munjuku's group said in a meeting at Gobabis on the 31 May 1960 thatMahareros' and Kanangatie's people should not be present and they would nothave a say in that election.For the above reasons the Chief and the tribe decided that they could notrecognize the election of Mr. Munjuku Nguvauva in Epukiro at all.Enclosed please find a copy of a letter Mr. Munjuku wrote in which he swore at aman named Lukas Hiiho (Aminius). Gerson Hoveka:In 1924, when the South African Government decided to move the Hererosfrom Orumbo to Sandveld, some Herero leaders were first sent to Epukiro to seethe land which the Government had intended for them. Their names were: - LateChief Frederick Maharero, Chief Hosea Kutako, Headman Nickanor Hoveka, andGottfried Nguvauva.On their return from Epukiro, many of them did not like that land exceptNickanor Hoveka. After Nickanor Hoveka agreed to settle there boreholes weresunk. The people then were ordered to move. Mr. Gottfried Nguvauva and manyothers refused to go to Epukiro and decided to settle at Ejuru but the Governmentsent to Aminius, instead.After the boreholes were sunk Nickanor and his followers settled in Epukiro.In those days Epukiro contained many wild animals and Bushmen. In tryingto make Epukiro a habitable place Nickanor Hoveka's people became victims oflions and Bushmen. Three of his men were killed by lions. Their names were

Gabriel Murangi Johannes Kaene and Izak Tjituka. Two of his other men werekilled by Bushmen. They were Johannes Muende and Naftali Ndisiro.This is a clear indication that Nickanor Hoveka was the pioneer of EpukiroReserve. He died there and was buried at No. 3.A man who contributed much to that area, he has a son on whcse shculders thatarea ought to fall. The Chief and tribe regard 1ir. Gerson Hoveka as the

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 226rightful Headman of Epukiro Native Reserve because he was elected in theelection which took place at No. 3 in Epukiro on the 24 July 1958. The Vote was101 in favour and 71 against.The Officials who were present were the Chief Magistrate of Gababis Mr. J.N.Marais and the Superindentent of Epukiro Mr. F. Balt. The reason why we regardhim as having been elected in accordance with the right procedure is that hesucceeded his father as Headman.We agree that Mr. Gerson Hoveka should be elected on the 5 August 1961,but as a person who was born at No. 3 and moreover on account of the fact thathis father was the pioneer of Epukiro, we suggest that he should be elected at 10o'clock in the morning.We do not recognize the election of Mr. Munjuku. His election rests with theGovernment and the small group which elected him.(Signed) Hosea KutakoqS112. Copy of a letter sent by Chief Hosea Kutako to the Editor, "WindhoekAdvertiser", dated 14 August 1961, received from Chief Hosea Kutako,Windhoek, South West AfricaSir,I should like to bring the facts to the notice of the public about the statementwhich appeared in the Windhoek Advertiser of the llth August, 1961.To say that there are crises among the Hereros is untrue. There was nofriction between Samuel Maharero and the Mbanderus after the death ofKahimemua. Samuel Maharero was the Chief of all the Hereros in South WestAfrica. The friction which resulted in the death of Kahimemua was betweenSamuel Maharero and his own brother, Nickodemus Maharero. Kahimemuaassisted Nickodemus against Samuel Maharero. They were both sentenced todeath. It is not true that all the Ovambanderus fled to Bechuanaland after thedeath of Kakimemua. A small group of Hereros and Mbanderus went toBechuanaland before the death of Kahimemua and Nickodemus.Another group of Hereros and Mbanderus which included Munjuku's father fledto Bechuanaland accompanying their Chief Samuel Maharero during the Herero-German war in 1904..

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EnglishPage 227Your correspondent further stated that friction flared up anew betweenthe Hereros and the Mbanderus in 1960. This is a pack of lies. But if it did flareup where? Which people were involved?It is untrue that members of the Special Branch were called by my group. But if itis true, who was the person who approached them? Or if they were called byletter, will the Special Branch produce that letter? Your correspondent furtherstated that Clemence Kapuuo was appointed as Deputy Chief of the Mbanderus.This is a deliberate lie. Clement Kapuuo was elected by the Hereros andMbanderus as Deputy Chief of the Hereros under me. The vote was unanimous.It is not true that Munjuku has the kind of leadership which can befeared by me. It is not true that Kahimemua was assassinated. He was triedand condemned to death. Kanangatie was a military leader and he was sent to goand arrest Kahimemua and Nicodemus. As a military leader he was bound tocarry out the instructions that were given to him.Your correspondent further stated that my group requested the BritishGovernment to refuse Munjuku's return to South West Africa. No such requestwas made to the British Government. And if it was made, will your correspondentproduce proofs of that request?In the election which took place at Epukiro No. 3 in 1958, Gerson Hoveka waselected with 101 votes to 71 but this appointment was purposely withheld by theGovernment. It was untrue that there was disunity among the Hereros which isbeing healed by SWANU.Your correspondent rade mention of a referendum. Could he explain what hemeant by this referendum? He said that there was going to be a spilling of blood.Will your correspondent explain who will spill the blood and against whom?It is untrue that I am a dictator. I do not impose my will on my people. I decidewith them.It is true that the meeting at Otjinene was called off. Only 3 delegates out of 54attended the meeting.A ridiculous thing said by your correspondent was that my leadership willcrumble in the next crucial weeks. Can your correspondent elaborate thatstatement?Yours faithfully,Sgn. Hosea Kutako

A/AC.73/4EnglishPage 228113. Letter dated 11 August 1961, from Mr. Mburumba Kerina, New York, to theChairman of the Committee on South West AfricaEnclosed find a copy of Mr. Jacob Kuhangua's statement which he intended tosubmit to the Committee on South West Africa prior to its departure for Africa.(signed) Mburumba Kerina - ChairmanSouth West Africa Peoples Organization

STATEMENT MADE BY MR. JACOB KUHANGUA TO THE COMMITTEEON S.W.A.Mr. Chairman and distinguished members:Allow me to express my sincere gratitude on behalf of the people ofSouth West Africa, for whom I have the honour of being their spokesman. It isindeed a great pleasure for me to have this opportunity once again to dramatize. toyou and the distinguished delegates, the tragic events which have recentlyoccurred in the International Territory of South West Africa.I would like to draw the attention of the Committee on South West Africa to thefact that the situation in South West Africa is daily changing from bad to worse.And, on behalf of my people, I humbly request the Committee to take itsimmediate departure to S.W.A. without delay at the earliest possible time beforethe whole situation runs out of control.A conmunication dated May 16, 1961 reported that a good supply of guns andammunition was made available to the government appointed chiefs. This wasdone in order to suppress the activities of SWAPO members.On April 11, 1961 the South African police seized the cattle of twoSWAPO leaders, Gabriel Hamukoto and Detrius Kandjibi. The cattle were drivenacross the border to Angola. The purpose of this was to expel the abovementioned SWAPO leaders because of their active opposition to South Africa'sunbearable conditions and inhuman laws imposed upon the people of South WestAfrica.Mr. Chairman and distinguished members you are all aware of the fact that evenin the 20th Century, slavery is still existing and highly practised by theadministrative powers in the international Territory of South West Africa.I...

A/AC.73 /4EnglishPage 229On April 27, 1961, chiefs Johannes Shekudja and Vilho Uejulu, savagely attackedand fired at the peaceful demonstrators who were protesting against the expulsionof their nationalist leaders from their homeland by the South African authorities.Whenever the people of South West Africa demand their freedom thecolonial powers, with their stock and trade, answers, "Are they ready forindependence?"I would like to draw the attention of the distinguished members to thefact that the government of the Union of South Africa has completely failed toestablish any form of free public education on elementary level, or institution forhigher learning.I wculd like to state further that although disease is rampant the mortality rate isamong the highest in the world; the medical service is pitifully inadequate. Thereare no state hospitals or clinics provided for the indigenous people of South WestAfrica.

Another oppressive measure against the defenceless people of my country by theAdministrative power is the so-called cattle foot and mouth disease, which ofcourse is institutionalized as a method to exterminate our cattle.A communication dated the 29th of May, 1961 from the Branch Chairmanof SWAPO in Ovamboland North reports: "The South African authorities inSouth West Africa have manouvered to corroborate with the Portuguesegovernment in Angola by forming a front against all African political leaders onboth sides. They have done so, in order to suppress the national liberationmovements of the African nationalists at all costs. To strengthen their cooperationthe South African authorities have contributed a sum of 170 pounds towards thecost of the African stooges who are used against us". The letter went on: "Ameeting was held at Odibo yesterday, Sunday, May 28th, which was dispersed bya troop of 177 soldiers led by the Native Commissioner of Oshikango. We jointlyrequest you on our behalf, to make it abundantly clear to the Committee of theUnited Nations to take immediate steps before things get worse. We wouldappreciate it very much if the Committee could come into the Territory to be awitness with its own eyes."On May 3, 1961, the South African police raided all the homes of theleaders of SW7APO, including suspected people throughout the Territory, seizing

A/AC .73/4EnglishPage 230all the documents and even private personal papers. The South African policebroke into the home of the Rev. Hamtumbangela who is at the present momentperforming his religious work in Windhoek. They have ruthlessly assaulted hiswife who had to undergo medical treatment. A communication dated June 9, 1961from the Luderitz Branch Secretary of SWAPO states; "After a 'PROHIBITIONDECLARATION' was passed on May 2nd to June 26th, 1961, which banned allmeetings and gatherings, hundreds of suspected people were arbitrarily arrestedand t hrown into jails without trial."A communication dated May 7, 1961 from our Cape Town Branch Secretarydescribes the merciless arrests of ten leaders of SWAPO from Oranjemund. Theletter reported Messrs. Johannes Hamunjela, Francis Daniel, Elieser Egumbo,Vilho Kanjabanga, Philipus Heita, Vilho Heitembu, Elias Ndume, Peter Johannes,Max Kasava and Jackson Kambode were detained in custody for seven daysbefore they were escorted to Ovamboland on June 2nd, 1961, where they shallappear before the government appointed chiefs. We earnestly urge you to appealfor the United Nations' intervention immediately before all our leaders areexpelled from their jobs and residences."Mr. Chairman and distinguished delegates, it is because of these facts that thesituation in this International Territory deserves your personal examination.The innocent powerless and the defenceless people of South West Africaare under heavy military threats. The South African soldiers are equipped with allsorts of modern weapons against the unarmed Africans. It is for these veryimportant facts that I draw the attention of the Committee to go directly to South

West Africa and not to the neighbouring countries. We of SWAPO have clearlyindicated that it is not our desire for the Committee to interview only half of thepopulation of South West Africa, namely, the black population, but it is oursincere hope that the Committee will be in a position whereby it will interviewboth sections of the population, blacks as well as whites, who call themselvescitizens of South West Africa who are ready to lay all the problems of our countrybefore the United Nation's Committee.Mr. Chairman and distinguished members before I conclude I would like to drawthe attention of the Committee to an article which appeared in the New YorkTimes, Saturday, June 10th, 1961. The reported: "United Nations'

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 231intervention in South West Africa would be welcomed by part of the whitepopulation as well as by Africans, who outnumber the whites ten to one here.Opposition is growing to South Africa's apartheid policies in the Territory, whichhas been administered by South Africa since 1920, under a Mandate of the oldLeague of Nations."A sampling of white opinion here in the capitol of the Territory showed thatsome persons felt only the United Nations' action would ensure political stabilityin South West Africa. Although the South African government has refused topermit a United Nations' Committee to enter the Territory, nearly every onequestioned here favoured a proposed visit." The paper went on to say: "Let themcome, we have nothing to hide", said Jaap Shyman, Mayor of Windhoek. "Wehave no objection here in Windhoek, as long as it is an honest investigation."Mr. Hans Berker, a lawyer in Windhoek said, "I think the United Nations wouldfind that quite a large section of the population would welcome them and bewilling to work with them."Mr. Jack Levinson, a business man said, "The South African government's policyhere should be changed, both to end harsh laws requiring Africans to carry passesand to provide improved housing and better educationalopportunities".Mr. Chairman and distinguished members, we of SWAPO have made our positionclear. It is not our desire to embark upon supplanting hatred for the black with anew hatred for the whites. We want you Sir to go to the Territory of South WestAfrica where you will not only meet the black population, but at the same timemeet with the whites who like us may have in common the ideas of eliminatingbrutal exploitation, starvation, illiteracy, poverty and all forms of unjust lawsprevailing in our country.We have repeatedly demanded the reconstruction of a better South West Africawhere all the children of all races will live a happy and prosperous life withoutfear of colour race or creed.I...

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EnglishPage 232114. Letter dated 1 September 1961, from Chief Hosea Kutako, Chief SamuelWitbooi and Mr. A. Nepala, South West Africa Peoples Organization,Windhoek, South West Africa, to the Secretary-GeneralWe wish to inform that the following are our representatives at the United Nationsand they should be allowed to speak on our behalf.The Reverend Michael Scott. Mr. Mburumba Kerina " Sam Nuyoma "Reverend Marcus Kooper, Mr. Jacob Kuhangua, Mr. Ishmael Fortune.(Signed) H. KUTAK0 Hosea Kutako S. WITBOOI Samuel Witbooi SWAPO: A.NEPEIA South West Africa Peoples' Organization....

A/AC. 73/4EnglishPage 233115. Letter dated 9 February 1961 from .Mr. E.H. Kalundala _ Cape Town,South Africa, to the Secretarj, Trusteeship Council, United NationsA paIrcel of books from the ITrusteeship Council addressed to me,- wasreceived by Mr. Simon at P.O. Box 23 Sea Point on 7th February. The policecalled at his home on 8th February, confiscated the books and detained Mr. Simonfor questioning, after which he was released.We are investigating the possibility of having the parcel returned by the policeand will write to you when this has been determined.A copy of this letter has been sent to Mr. Jacob Kuhangua.(Signed) E.H. KAINDALALINote by the Secretariat: It is assumed that the books referred to are theUnited Nations documents sent by the Secretariat to Mr. Kalundalalie,Ovamboland Peoples Organisation, P.O. Box 23, Sea Point, Cape Town,following the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 1563 (XV)relating to petitions examined by the Committee on South West Africa atits seventh session (see A/4464, para. 57, No. (13); for text of petition,see A/AC.73/3, No.21).In accordance with the above-mentioned resolution and rule XIV of therules of procedure of the Committee on South West Africa, the Secretariat, by'letter dated 3 January 1961, a copy of which was also transmitted to the UnionGovernment, informed each of the petitioners concerned, includingMr. Kalundalali, of the decisions taken on their petitions and of thedocuments being sent to them under separate cover. The documents relevantto Mr. Kalundalalie's petition were dispatched from United NationsHeadquarters by surface mail on 3 January 1961./. .

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116. Letter dated 16 February 1961, from Mr. E.H. Kaundalal~i are TonSouth Africa, to the Secretary of the Committee on South est AfricaFurther to my previous letter,!/ i wish to advise that the parcel seized by the policehas now been returned. I am afraid that they must have kept scmne of the books;the following wrere received;'Nos.124; 126; 122; 132; 153; 134; 135; 136; 137; 138; 139; 140; 141;142; 143; 144; 145; 146; 147; 148; 149; 150; 151; 152; 154; 155; 156;NO.1I was also visited by the Security Police on Friday last, and closely questioned rethe books, and so on. I am merely passing this on for your information.(Signed) E.H. Kalundalalil/ See letter reproduced as No. 115 above. ?/ The UN documents sent to Mr.Kalundalali are identified in a letter dated3 January 1961 from the Secretariat to Mr. Kalundalali, the text of whichreads:In accordance with rule XIV of the rules of procedure of theCommittee on South West Africa, a copy of which is enclosed, I amtransmitting to you herewith a copy of resolution 1563 (XV) adoptedby the General Assembly on 18 December 1960. Pursuant to thatresolution, I am also enclosing copies of the five other resolutions adopted by theGeneral Assembly on 18 December 1960 with respect toSouth West Africa. The following additional documents are being sentto you under separate cover:(a) The report of the Committee on South West Africa to the General Assembly atits fifteenth session (A/4464)(b) The texts of the petitions and communications dealt with in that report(A/C.4/422 and A/AC.73/3);(c) Summary records of the Committee on South West Africa (A/AC. 75/SR. 121-156); and(d) The report of the Fourth Committee to the General Assembly on the questionof South West Africa (A/4643 and Add.l) I wish to call your attention inparticular to part one, section IV,of the report of the Committee on South West Africa, in which theCommittee has recorded its conclusions on your and other petitionsexamined during its seventh session; and to part two of that report,containing the report and observations of the Committee regardingconditions in the Territory.