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Our First President

President George Washington

1789 - 1797Group 4

“We ought not to look back unless it is to derive useful lessons from past errors, and for the purpose of profiting by dear-

brought experience.”

Group 2

“Associate yourself with men of good quality if you [respect] your own reputation…for ‘tis better to be alone than in bad

company.”

Group 3

“Government is not reason, it is not [persuasive] – it is force; like a fire, a troublesome servant, and a fearful master. Never for a

moment should it be left to irresponsible action.”

Group 1

“Be courteous to all, but imitate a few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence. True friendship is a

plant of slow growth, and must undergo and withstand the shocks of adversity before it is entitled to the [name].”

Task: What do these quotes reveal about George Washington, the man?

Washington’s Domestic PolicyTask: What problems do you think George Washington faced being the first president of the United States?

Accomplishments –

•Bill of Rights –

•Judiciary Act of 1789 –

•Cabinet –

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The Cabinet Today

Agriculture

Mike Johanns

Defense

Donald Rumsfeld

Interior

Gale Norton

Commerce

Carlos Gutierrez

Justice

John Ashcroft

Labor

Elaine Chao

Homeland Security

Michael Chertoff

Education

Margaret Spellings

Transportation

Norman Mineta

State

CondoleezaRice

Treasury

John Snow

Health and Human Services

Michael Leavitt

Energy

Samuel Bodman

Housing and Urban

Development

AlphonsoJackson

Veterans Affairs

Jim Nicholson

Vice President

Richard Cheney

President George W. Bush

Our Nation’s EconomyFinancial Problems –

I have an idea!

It’s a 4 part plan!

What is a tariff?

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Hamilton versus Jefferson – Round 2

•Supported by merchants, lawyers doctors •Supported by farmers, plantation owners

Hamilton versus Jefferson – Round 2The differences between Alexander

Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson lead to the creation of the first political parties.

Task: Did the Constitution call for the creation of political parties? Explain.

Political Parties -

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The French Revolution1789 – The French Revolution – “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

•Commoners in France rebel against King Louis XVI and his oppressive taxation.

•They try to write a new Constitution

“ All the old spirit of 1776 is rekindling.”

- Thomas Jefferson

Task: How do Americans view the Revolution in France at first?

Reign of Terror –

•Revolutionaries execute thousands, including Louis and his wife.

•Britain declares war on France. Yes, again!

Task: Do you think the American’s view of the French Revolution changed as a result of the Reign of Terror? Explain.

Washington’s Foreign Policy

Proclamation of Neutrality – 1793

Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson

“Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between…Great Britain, on the one part, and France on the other; and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial [to not take

sides] towards the [warring] powers;

I…therefore…warn the citizens of the United States to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever….

And I do hereby make known, that any citizen of the United States shall be…liable to punishment…by committing, aiding, or abetting hostilities against any Powers, or by carrying to any of them those articles which are deemed [prohibited] by the nations….

Task: What is Washington’s position? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Washington’s Farewell Address“The great rule of conduct is for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our [trade] relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far we have already formedalliances, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop…

Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course…

Why [give up] the advantages of so peculiar a situation?...Why be interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity with the toils of European ambition, [competition], interest or [behavior without reason]?

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are not at liberty to do it…”

Task: What was the main message of Washington’s Farewell Address?

Task: What should we do to the alliances we already have?

Task: What enables us to follow the policy suggested by Washington?

President John Adams – 1796 – 1800 (Federalist)

• Fear of the French caused America to take precautions at home.

Alien & Sedition Acts –

Alien:

Sedition:

1) ALIEN ENEMIES ACT

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2) SEDITION ACT

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President John AdamsPresident Washington refused to run for a second term.

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The John Marshall Court & Election of Thomas JeffersonChief Justice John Marshall –

•Marbury vs. Madison

•McCulloch vs. Maryland

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President Thomas Jefferson – 1801 – 1805 (Republican)

•Party power shifts to the Republicans.

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Task: If it wasn’t written in the Constitution, could it be done?

•Continued Washington’s policy of neutrality.

Louisiana PurchaseBonjour!

Remember Me?•

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Task: In Jefferson’s mind, could he do it? Explain

• If Jefferson bought the territory, he could

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Louisiana PurchasePROBLEM: Jefferson believes in strict construction.

Jefferson can’t buy it according to the Constitution!

Meriwether Lewis

William Clark

Lewis & Clark Expeditions –

•Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to map the territory and determine its resources.

•Took detailed notes on:

War of 1812Task: Guess who’s still at war?

•The British were seizing American ships that were headed to France.

•American sailors were captured and forced to fight for the British.

•U.S. believed in

Embargo Act –

•Passed by Congress to punish Britain.U.S. Exports – 1800 – 1820

Task: How did the Embargo Act affect U.S. trade?

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War of 1812

Rebuilding the White House, 1814

NEWSFLASH - U.S. Declares War on Britain

OUTCOMES OF THE WAR OF 1812

The Star Spangled Banner

And where is that band who so vauntingly sworeThat the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,A home and a country should leave us no more?Their blood has wash'd out their foul footsteps' pollution.No refuge could save the hireling and slaveFrom the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave:And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

O thus be it ever when free-men shall standBetween their lov'd home and the war's desolation;Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued landPraise the Pow'r that hath made and preserv'd us a nation!Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,And this be our motto: “In God is our trust!”And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight,O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there.O say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep,Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream:'Tis the star-spangled banner: O, long may it waveO'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!

The Star Spangled BannerFrancis Scott Key

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Monroe Doctrine

Task: Draw a line explaining how the Monroe Doctrine affected U.S. foreign policy.

Task: How does the Monroe Doctrine fit with Washington’s Farewell Address?

Monroe Doctrine –

0Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere

Uniting the United StatesTask: Working in pairs, identify things that unite the United States.

Things you might have missed:

1)

2)

3)

4)

The American System – Task: Which of these will unite the states and which will divide them? Explain your answer.

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The NorthIndustrial Revolution –

•Begins in Great Britain (1700s)

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Task: Why would factory owners choose the Northeast?

Transportation Revolution -

Changes in Transportation

The NorthThe Factory System –

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Lowell, Massachusetts –

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Task: Do you think the girls had much freedom? Explain.

Cities –

•9 of the 10 largest cities were in the North.

•Immigrants flooded to the cities in search of work.

•Southerners came to the North to work in factories.

Task: Why didn’t immigrants head to the South in search of work?

New York City

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The NorthWorking-class families –

What did Dad do? What did Mom do?

What did Little Joey do?

Immigration –

•Many immigrants came from Northwestern Europe:

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•Task: Why did many immigrants come from Ireland?

IRELAND

The South“King Cotton” –

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Task: Do you think farmers want to keep a high protective tariff? Explain.

The Growth of “King Cotton”

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Cotton Production vs. Slavery

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

Cotton Production

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500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Popu

latio

n In

Tho

usan

ds

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

SlavesFree Blacks

1) What happened to cotton production between 1800 and 1860?

2) Which period saw the greatest increase in cotton production?

3) What happened the slavery in the United States between 1800 and 1860?

Task: What conclusion can be made after examining both the cotton production and the number of slaves in the United States?

Task: Positive or negative impact?

Task: Who still cannot vote?

Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson –

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Task: America loves to elect war heroes to the Presidency, can you name some?

Election of 1828 –

Jacksonian Democracy at work -

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The Spoils System –

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•He did this to ensure government was truly the servant of the people.

Task: Jackson is known as the “peoples’president.” Why?

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President Andrew Jackson

nullify:

Trail of TearsWorcester v. Georgia –

•Cherokee Indians took their case to the Supreme Court.

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Task: Choose a character in this painting. Circle him/her. Tell what is happening from their perspective.

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Rate the Presidency of Andrew Jackson

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10

Rate the presidency of Andrew Jackson – 0 meaning one of the worst and 10 being among the best.

Seneca Falls Convention

Seneca Falls, New York – 1848

•Drew attention to inequalities faced by women and get women the right to vote:

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“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal…that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights…The history of

mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations [seizures of power] on the part of man toward woman…[to establish] absolute tyranny over her...”

- Declaration of Sentiments, 1848Task: Which document did Stanton borrow from and why?