Outbreak!By Danielle LorencNatalie Wickman

Katelyn WhiteAnd Freddie Benson

The Meningitis movie… Starring Mr. John Farnanh

But written

What happened?

What happened to the victim at WVHS?What happened to the victim at WVHS?The victim showed these symptoms:

-Headache

-Vomiting

-Chills/Fever

-Limping/Muscle Aches

-Stiff Neck

-Photophobia/Sensitivity to light

Kirby-Bauer Disk MethodKirby-Bauer Disk Method24: Ampicillin 2 cm – Tetracyclin 2.1 cm –

Penicillin 1 cm – Streptomycin 2.5 cm

48: Ampicillin 2 cm – Tetracyclin 2.1 cm – Penicillin 1 cm – Streptomycin 2.5 cm

72: Ampicillin 2 cm – Tetracyclin 2.25 cm – Penicillin 1 cm – Streptomycin 0 cm

OursBleach 0 cm Anti-bacterial Soap 0 cmErythromycin 0 cm Ampicillin 2 cm Hydrogen Peroxide 0 cm Streptomycin 2.5 cmPenicillin 0 cm Lysol 3 cm

Electrophoresis

Electrophoresis Results:

24 48 721.5 1.5 1.4

2 2 1.5

2

2.25

Ours:Victim’s Streptococcus Listeria E.coli

.5 1.25 .5 .5

1.25 1.25

Gram StainNext, a gram stain test was run.Next, a gram stain test was run.

Lumbar Puncture

A lumbar A lumbar puncture on puncture on

the victim was the victim was taken and came taken and came

back cloudy.back cloudy.

With What Was the Victim Infected?

The victim was infected with bacterial The victim was infected with bacterial Meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammation Meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the of the meningesmeninges, which are membranes , which are membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is

caused by the microbe Neisseria sp.caused by the microbe Neisseria sp.

How it was caused

• Bacteria of meningitis are often found in the throat and nose, and can be carried for several months without any signs of its carrier being ill.

• It can be spread by coughing, sneezing, kissing, sharing food and utensils, and not washing hands.

• We suspect that the illness in the victim was spread from someone else carrying the bacteria who came to the school (for parent-teacher conferences) and shook hands with the victim.

Should the Public Be Concerned?

Yes, because:

• It affects many types of people

• Can be spread through air and close contact, especially in schools

• Has already affected 40 people in this school

• Serious long term effects such as hearing loss visual impairment, seizures, etc.

• Possibility that it cannot be recovered from your entire life

PrognosisWhen a patient tests positive for meningitis,

they will be hospitalized until they recover, which may take a longer period of time or a shorter one, depending on how well the patient’s immune system fights the bacteria off by using it’s white blood cells.

Many people recover without any permanent damage, but the small chance that they might not recover or recover with permanent damage makes meningitis a serious disease

TreatmentsWhen a patient is treated for meningitis antibiotics

are given through an IV for up to two weeksThe patient will also be given fluids to make up for

those lost from vomitingPossible antibiotics include:• Ampicillin• Cefotaxone• Ceftriaxone• Gentamicin Sulfate• Penicillin G• Vancomycin

Ethical DilemmaThere is only half of the antibiotics we need

We could…End-based Approach:

Treat people who are just developing the disease first so that less antibiotics are needed per person

Rule-based approach

Rule-based approach:

Give it to whoever first needs it and younger victims.

Care-based approach

Care-based approach:

Give it to whoever needs it the most.

Final Decision:

Give it to whoever needs it the most

BibliographyDr. Reddy's Pediatric Office on the Web. "Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Sepsis." Dr. Reddy's

Pediatric Office on the Web TM. 1 May 2007. 9 Dec. 2008 <http://www.drreddy.com/shots/ meningitis.html>.

EHealthMD. "What Causes Meningitis?" eHealthMD. Oct. 2004. Health Information  Publications. 8 Dec. 2008 <http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/meningitis/MG_causes.html>.

Klein, Joel, and Larissa Hirsch. "Meningitis." Kids Health. Sept. 2007. Nemours      Foundation. 1 Dec. 2008 <http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/brain/      meningitis.html>.

Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. "Bacterial Meningitis." Health and Disease      Information: A to Z topics. Penn State. 8 Dec. 2008      <http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/m/meningitis.htm>.

National Meningitis Association. "Awareness." National Meningitis Association.      2008. 8 Dec. 2008 <http://www.nmaus.org/awareness.illinois.htm>.

U.S. National Library of Medicine, and National Institutes of Health. "Cerebral      spinal fluid (CSF) collection." MedlinePlus. 1 Dec. 2008. A.D.A.M. 2 Dec.      2008 <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003428.htm>.

Web MD. "Antibiotics for Bacterial Meningitis." Web MD. 2008. 8 Dec. 2008      <http://www.webmd.com/brain/antibiotics-for-bacterial-meningitis>.

Wrong Diagnosis. "Prognosis of Bacterial Meningitis." Wrong Diagnosis. 4 Oct.      2008. 8 Dec. 2008 <http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/b/bacterial_meningitis/     prognosis.htm>.