outline astronomy 210 spring 2005 opaque atmosphere • the ...lwl/classes/... · wheel • it is a...
TRANSCRIPT
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Ast
rono
my
210
Sect
ion
1–M
WF
150
0-15
5013
4 A
stro
nom
y B
uild
ing
Thi
s C
lass
(L
ectu
re 1
5):
The
Sol
ar S
yste
m: O
verv
iew
Nex
t Cla
ss:
Plan
et P
rope
rtie
s
Mus
ic: A
my
Hit
the
Atm
osph
ere
–C
ount
ing
Cro
ws
HW
#4
due
on F
rida
y!
Tur
n in
the
Bet
elge
use
obse
rvat
ion!
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Out
line
•T
eles
cope
s
•In
trod
uctio
n to
the
Sola
r Sy
stem
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Que
stio
n
Why
wou
ld it
be
usef
ul to
pla
ce te
lesc
opes
in
spac
e?
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Opa
que
Atm
osph
ere
•T
he a
tmos
pher
e bl
ocks
som
e w
avel
engt
hs
•M
ust o
bser
ve s
ome
wav
elen
gths
fro
m s
pace
!
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Hub
ble
Spac
e T
eles
cope
•2.
5 m
eter
ref
lect
ing
tele
scop
e in
spa
ce•
Smal
l, bu
t abo
ve a
tmos
pher
e–
No
“tw
inkl
ing”
eff
ects
–N
o lig
ht p
ollu
tion
Gro
un
d-ba
sed
imag
eH
ubb
le T
eles
cope
imag
e
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Spitz
er S
pace
Tel
esco
pe
•0.
85 m
eter
infr
ared
tele
scop
e•
Lau
nche
d A
ugus
t 200
3•
Coo
led
to n
ear
abso
lute
ze
ro s
o th
at it
s ow
n he
at d
oesn
’t c
onfu
se
the
resu
lts
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Jam
es W
ebb
Spac
e T
eles
cope
•T
he n
ext s
pace
te
lesc
ope
–20
11
•O
bser
ve in
the
near
an
d m
id-i
nfra
red
•W
ill b
e th
e bi
gges
t te
lesc
ope
in s
pace
–6
met
ers!
(M
ust f
old
up f
or la
unch
)
•W
ill ta
ke 3
mon
ths
to r
each
pos
ition
–no
se
rvic
e m
issi
ons
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Laun
ched
199
9
Cra
b N
ebul
a in
X-r
ays
Cha
ndra
X-r
ay O
bser
vato
ry
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Big
Pic
ture
•T
oday
, we
can
obse
rve
in a
lmos
t eve
ry p
art o
f th
e el
ectr
omag
netic
spe
ctru
m
•O
nly
100
year
s ag
o, w
e w
ere
blin
d to
the
big
pict
ure
of th
e U
nive
rse
•A
s w
e be
gin
to p
iece
toge
ther
the
big
pict
ure,
our
un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e co
smos
gro
ws
.
•B
ut th
ere
is m
ore
out t
here
than
pho
tons
too:
–N
eutr
inos
–C
osm
ic r
ays
–G
ravi
ty w
aves
•A
ll ar
e us
eful
in u
nder
stan
ding
the
Sola
r Sy
stem
!
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Wha
t’s
this
Pic
ture
of?
http
://w
ww
.whf
reem
an.c
om/d
isco
veri
ng/D
TU
/EX
MO
D36
/F36
09.H
TM
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Sol
ar S
yste
mT
he S
olar
Sys
tem
•W
e no
w tu
rn o
ur a
ttent
ion
to
the
sola
r sy
stem
—ou
r ho
me!
•T
his
will
be
our
focu
s fo
r th
e ne
xt m
onth
•W
e w
ill s
tudy
the
plan
ets
by
com
pari
ng th
em to
Ear
th -
and
to e
ach
othe
r
•T
o be
tter
unde
rsta
nd o
ur p
lane
t an
d its
impo
rtan
ce.
•U
se th
e pr
esen
t to
lear
n ab
out
the
past
.
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
It’s
not
you
r pa
rent
’s S
olar
Sys
tem
It’s
not
you
r pa
rent
’s S
olar
Sys
tem
The
old
sty
le o
f te
achi
ng th
e So
lar
Syst
em
•Su
n &
9 p
lane
ts
•Se
para
te s
ectio
n on
eac
h
•M
entio
n as
tero
ids
and
com
ets
•L
ots
of c
ool f
acts
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Mer
cury
Ven
usE
arth M
ars
Jupi
ter
Satu
rnU
ranu
sN
eptu
nePl
uto
Mar
y Vin
cent
Eat
s Man
y Jelly Sa
ndw
iche
sU
nder
Nei
ghbo
rsPo
rche
s
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
My V
ery
Ene
rget
icM
othe
rJu
st Serv
edU
s Nin
ePi
zzas
Mer
cury
Ven
usE
arth M
ars
Jupi
ter
Satu
rnU
ranu
sN
eptu
nePl
uto
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
21st
Cen
tury
Vie
w
•Si
x fa
mili
es o
f th
e so
lar
syst
em–
Star
–R
ocky
pla
nets
–A
ster
oid
belt
–G
as g
iant
pla
nets
–K
uipe
r be
lt
–O
ort c
loud
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Pla
nets
Dan
ce
http
://ja
nus.
astr
o.um
d.ed
u/ja
vadi
r/or
bits
/ssv
.htm
l
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Pla
neta
ry O
rbits
•O
rbita
l (an
d m
ost r
otat
iona
l)
mot
ions
in s
olar
sy
stem
are
co
unte
r cl
ock-
wis
e in
a
flat
tene
d di
sk•
Orb
its a
re a
ctua
lly
clos
e to
cir
cles
, ex
cept
Mer
cury
and
Plu
to
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Pla
neta
ry O
rbits
•O
rbita
l (an
d m
ost r
otat
iona
l)
mot
ions
in s
olar
sy
stem
are
co
unte
r cl
ock-
wis
e in
a
flat
tene
d di
sk
•O
rbits
are
act
ually
clo
se to
cir
cles
, exc
ept
Mer
cury
and
Plu
to
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
A S
ense
of
Scal
e
•M
ost p
ictu
res
of th
e So
lar
Syst
em lo
ok
som
ethi
ng li
ke th
is…
http
://w
ww
.jpl.n
asa.
gov/
galil
eo/s
epo/
educ
atio
n/na
v/s
s2.g
if
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Not
to S
cale
!
•W
hile
the
plan
ets’
siz
esar
e sc
aled
cor
rect
ly, t
heir
di
stan
ces
are
not
•T
ake
a lit
tle b
lue
ball,
1cm
ac
ross
•Im
agin
e th
at th
e E
arth
is th
is
ball
•T
he M
oon
is 3
0cm
(1
foot
) aw
ay, a
nd a
bout
¼ th
e si
ze
of th
e bl
ue b
all
6400
km
ac
ross
1 cm
acr
oss
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Con
tinui
ng th
e Sc
ale
Imag
e
•O
n th
is s
cale
, the
Sun
is
abou
t the
siz
e of
a w
agon
w
heel
•It
is a
foo
tbal
l fie
ld a
way
fr
om th
e E
arth
•M
ercu
ry is
on
the
Sun’
s 40
-yar
d lin
e
•V
enus
is o
n E
arth
’s 3
0-ya
rd li
ne
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Con
tinui
ng th
e Sc
ale
Imag
e
•T
o pu
t the
oth
er p
lane
ts o
n th
is s
cale
, we
need
to a
dd m
ore
foot
ball
fiel
ds
•M
ars
wou
ld li
e on
the
50-y
ard
line
of th
e ne
xt f
ootb
all f
ield
•Ju
pite
r w
ould
be
5 fo
otba
ll fi
elds
fro
m th
e Su
n, a
nd a
bout
the
size
of
a so
ftba
ll
•T
o ge
t to
Satu
rn, w
e ne
ed to
jum
p ou
t to
10
foot
ball
fiel
ds f
rom
the
Sun
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Con
tinui
ng th
e Sc
ale
Imag
e
•U
ranu
s w
ould
be
abou
t 20
foot
ball
fiel
ds
from
the
Sun
•N
eptu
ne w
ould
be
abou
t 30
foot
ball
fiel
ds
away
–B
oth
abou
t the
siz
e of
a g
olfb
all
•Pl
uto
wou
ld li
e an
ave
rage
of
40 f
ootb
all
fiel
ds f
rom
the
Sun,
and
be
abou
t 2
mill
imet
ers
acro
ss•
Now
let’
s lo
ok a
t the
sol
ar s
yste
m in
a li
ttle
mor
e de
tail…
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Sun
•D
omin
ates
the
sola
r sy
stem
–99
.85%
of
the
tota
l mas
s
•W
ithou
t the
Sun
’s
ener
gy, l
ife
on E
arth
co
uld
not e
xist
•B
ut th
e Su
n is
a
fair
ly ty
pica
l sta
r–
Und
erst
andi
ng th
e Su
n is
vita
l to
unlo
ckin
g th
e se
cret
s of
the
star
s
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Ter
rest
rial
s
•M
ercu
ry, V
enus
, E
arth
, & M
ars
–Pl
us th
e M
oon,
if
you
wan
t
•T
he c
lose
st
plan
ets
to th
e Su
n
•Sm
all b
odie
s, m
ade
mos
tly o
f ro
ck a
nd ir
on
•V
ery
sim
ilar
to e
ach
othe
r in
ove
rall
com
posi
tion
and
stru
ctur
e
•V
astly
dif
feri
ng s
urfa
ce c
ondi
tions
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Ast
eroi
ds
•M
ostly
bet
wee
n th
e or
bits
of
Mar
s an
d Ju
pite
r
•R
ocky
deb
ris
left
ove
r fr
om th
e fo
rmat
ion
of th
e so
lar
syst
em
•So
me
of th
e m
ost a
ncie
nt r
ocks
in
the
sola
r sy
stem
•T
hey
hold
the
key
to
unde
rsta
ndin
g its
for
mat
ion
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Hol
lyw
ood’
s V
iew
of
the
Ast
eroi
d B
elt
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Scie
ntif
ic V
iew
of
the
Ast
eroi
d B
elt
Scie
ntif
ic V
iew
of
the
Ast
eroi
d B
elt
500
mill
ion
mile
s50
0 m
illio
n m
iles
Tho
usan
ds o
f T
hous
ands
of
aste
roid
s …
aste
roid
s …
On
aver
age,
abo
ut
On
aver
age,
abo
ut
a m
illio
n m
iles
a m
illio
n m
iles
apar
t!ap
art!
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Out
er P
lane
ts
•Y
ou’v
e pr
obab
ly
hear
d th
e ou
ter
plan
ets
refe
rred
to
as
a si
ngle
gr
oup
–T
he J
ovia
ns
–T
he G
as G
iant
s
•H
owev
er, J
upite
r an
d Sa
turn
are
ver
y di
ffer
ent
wor
lds
than
Ura
nus
and
Nep
tune
•W
e w
ill c
onsi
der
them
as
two
grou
ps
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Jov
ians
•Ju
pite
r an
d Sa
turn
are
ver
y si
mila
r pl
anet
s
•B
oth
are
imm
ense
pla
nets
, 100
-300
tim
es th
e m
ass
of th
e E
arth
–B
ut, t
hey
are
com
pose
d m
ainl
y of
the
light
est s
tuff
in th
e U
nive
rse,
hyd
roge
n an
d he
lium
•W
e ca
n on
ly s
ee th
e up
per
clou
d la
yers
, no
“sur
face
”
•M
ostly
mad
e of
liqu
idhy
drog
en
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Nep
tuni
ans
•U
ranu
s an
d N
eptu
ne a
re v
ery
sim
ilar
to e
ach
othe
r
•H
ave
extr
emel
y la
rge
quan
titie
s of
w
ater
–In
add
ition
to h
ydro
gen
and
heliu
m
–M
akes
them
a b
it m
ore
com
pact
than
Ju
pite
r an
d Sa
turn
•B
lue
tint c
omes
fro
m m
etha
ne in
th
e at
mos
pher
e
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Out
er R
each
es
•B
eyon
d th
e or
bit o
f N
eptu
ne li
e co
untle
ss b
odie
s of
roc
k &
ice
•Pl
uto
is th
e la
rges
t of
thes
e bo
dies
–N
ot a
roc
ky p
lane
t–
Not
an
ice
gian
t
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Fir
st P
ictu
res
of P
luto
/Cha
ron
•19
95 –
Hub
ble
Spac
e T
eles
cope
infr
ared
•19
96 –
Hub
ble
Spac
e T
eles
cope
vis
ible
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5F
eb 2
3, 2
005
Ast
rono
my
210
Spri
ng 2
005
Do
we
know
of
all o
f th
e B
odie
s in
our
Sol
ar S
yste
m?
•N
o.E
ven
at in
the
21st
cent
ury,
we
are
still
di
scov
erin
g ne
w c
omet
s, o
r la
rge
aste
roid
s,
or e
ven
larg
e pl
anet
-lik
e ob
ject
s?
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
The
Kui
per
Bel
t
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
New
Dat
a--
Kui
per
Obj
ect
Qua
oar
: F
ound
200
2•
Mos
t re
cent
an
d B
IGG
EST
di
scov
ered
yet
•pr
onou
nced
kw
a-w
har
•di
amet
er o
f ab
out
800
mile
s (h
alf
of
Plu
to)
•42
AU
orb
it
http
://a
ntw
rp.g
sfc.
nasa
.gov
/apo
d/ap
0210
09.h
tml
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Qua
oar
Orb
it
http
://w
ww
.gps
.cal
tech
.edu
/~ch
ad/q
uaoa
r/
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Qua
oar
Com
pari
son
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5F
eb 2
3, 2
005
Ast
rono
my
210
Spri
ng 2
005
Lar
ge K
BO
s
•Pl
uto
still
larg
er, b
ut n
ot b
y th
at m
uch
•N
ote:
plo
t bel
ow d
oesn
’t in
clud
e Q
uaoa
r
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
•B
illio
ns o
f ic
y m
inor
pl
anet
s –
com
et n
ucle
i
•R
ough
ly s
pher
ical
out
to
50,0
00 A
U
•Pr
edic
ted
by J
an O
ort
•E
xpla
ins
long
-per
iod
com
ets
•N
o ob
serv
atio
ns to
dat
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Oor
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r3.jp
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Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Sedn
a–
the
Inne
r O
ort C
loud
?
•O
rbit
76 –
840
AU
–ou
tsid
e K
uipe
r B
elt
–in
side
Oor
t Clo
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•V
ery
red
colo
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•Sl
ow r
otat
ion
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5F
eb 2
3, 2
005
Ast
rono
my
210
Spri
ng 2
005
Bla
ck S
heep
of
the
Pla
nets
•Pl
uto
is th
e od
dbal
l–
Size
–C
ompa
nion
–C
ompo
sitio
n
–O
rbit
•Pl
uto/
Cha
ron
as d
oubl
e ic
e pl
anet
?
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
Wha
t is
Plu
to?
•Y
ou m
ake
the
call
–Si
ngul
ar ic
e pl
anet
–M
utan
t gia
nt d
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–K
ing
of th
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–??
?
Feb
23,
200
5A
stro
nom
y 21
0 Sp
ring
200
5
IAU
Off
icia
l Pos
ition
•IA
U d
efin
es P
luto
to b
e a
plan
et•
IAU
can
not d
efin
e “p
lane
t”–
Upp
er li
mit
: not
mas
sive
eno
ugh
to p
rodu
ce a
ny f
orm
of
fus
ion
at it
s co
re–
Deu
teri
um f
usio
n oc
curs
for
obj
ects
abo
ut 1
5 tim
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Jupi
ter’
s m
ass
–N
o lo
wer
lim
it sp
ecif
ied
•R
easo
nabl
e lo
wer
lim
it?–
Mas
sive
eno
ugh
for
grav
ity to
mak
e it
sphe
rica
l–
At l
east
14
plan
ets
–N
o re
ason
able
def
init
ion
prod
uces
9 p
lane
ts