Outline Section 1

The Italian Renaissance

Chapter 15

Renaissance and Reformation

Ch 15 Sec 1• I. Era of Awakening

– A. Renaissance• 1. early 1300’s, Italy• 2. Means rebirth• 3. Philosophical and artistic movement

– a. Renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman literature and life

– b. Bring history into harmony with Christianity» 1) Emphasis on human reason» 2) Advances in Arts and Sciences

B. Causes1. Began in Italy

a. Crusades & Trade

1) Arab & African achievements in science and medicine

2) Byzantine Scholars preserved Greek and Roman learning

3) Encouraged Italian curiosity for new knowledge

2. Italian cities rich from trade and industrya. Wealthy educated merchants and bankers

b. Became patrons (supporters) of the arts

1) Medici’s - Florence

2) Isabella d’Este – Mantua

C. Humanities1. Study of grammar, history, Poetry and Rhetoric

2. Specialists called Humanistsa. Developed critical approach to learningb. Verify through investigationc. People should participate and lead meaningful lives

3. Still devoted Catholicsa. Tension between studies and religionb. Life could be enjoyedc. believed in individual achievement

1) Many both poets and scientists

II. Italian Renaissance WritersA. Francesco Petrarch

1. Scholar, teacher, poeta. Sonnets to Laura, the ideal woman

2. Studied the work of ancient Greece

and Rome writersa. Classical Education

b. Believed classical writers committed to virtue in public and private life

3. Worried ambition would hurt chance

for salvation

4. First humanist, Father of Humanism

B. Niccolo Machiavelli1. Diplomat and historian2. Wrote essay “The Prince”

a. thought rulers should concerned w/power and success

1) Ruthless = Machiavellian3.Considered a humanist because used

Romans as models

C. Baldassare Castiglione1. Diplomat2. Wrote “The Book of the Courtier”

a. most famous book of renaissanceb. Wrote in conversation style to

illustrate how men and women should act in polite society.

III. Italian Renaissance ArtistsA. Differences

1. Middle Agesa. stressed religious concerns

b. depicted Holy Land

2. Renaissancea. realistic scenes & images

b. life like humans

c. Italian countryside

B. Perspective1. Distant objects small, close object larger

a. creates illusion of depth

Perspective

I. Giotto1. one of first realist painters

a. fly ‘in’ painting looked real (legend)

Artists of the Renaissance

II. Masaccio- used light and shadows to create depth

The Holy Trinity

Madonna with St. Anne

III. Leonardo da Vinci1. Architect, engineer, sculpture, painter & scientist

2. Science improved his painting

a. sketches of animals & flying machines

b. anatomy - realistic looking humans

c. Math - organizing of space

3. Created

a. “The Last Supper”

b. “Mona Lisa” - most famous

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo was the perfect example of a “Renaissance man,” that is, someone who excels in a variety of fields.

He was a painter, scientist, inventor, engineer, mathematician, sculptor, architect, botanist, and writer.

Only fifteen of Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings still exist.

The Last Supper 1498

Leonardo da VinciSelf-portrait

Leonardo da Vinci,Self-portrait

Below: Last Supper

Right: Mona Lisa

More interest in depicting nature.

Titian:Bacchius andAriadne

IV. Michaelangeloa. Sistine Chapel – Vatican frescoesb. Sculpturesc. helped design St. Peter’s Basilica

V. Raphaela. hired to beautify the Vatican by pope

1. papal chambersb. known for paintings of Madonna (Virgin Mary)

VI. Titian1. Painted “The Assumption of the Virgin”

a. sense of drama, rich colors2. Supported by the Holy Roman Emperor3. one of first to become wealthy off work

Greek and Roman mythology inspired many characters in Renaissance paintings.

Botticelli,Venus and Mars

The Lady with the Ermine1485

Madonna of the Coronation1478-1480

The Prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel

Last JudgmentSaint Bartholomew holding the knife he was martyred with and his flayed skin. The face on the skin is a self-

portrait of Michelangelo.

Prophet Jeremiah

Doni Tondo Doni Madonna, c. 1503

The Creation of Adam

Detail of the face of God from the Cistine Chapel byMichelangelo

God separating the waters from the heavens.

School of Athens

left: Resurrection ofChrist

St. George

ShakespearewroteRomeo andJuliet 1594-1595

Michelangelopaints theceiling of theSistine Chapel. 1508-1512

Raphael

Left: Madonna with the FishRight: Il SpasimoBelow center:Portrait ofFrancesco MariaI della RovereBelow left:Portrait ofBaldassare Castiglione

Raphael was commissioned to decorate the reception

rooms of the palace of the Vatican. Adoration of The Sacrament

Virgin of the Rocks1505-1508

Assunta1516-1518

Emperor Charles V at Muhlberg 1548

Virgin of the Rocks1505-1508

Annunciation1559-1564 Pieta: Titian’s last painting

Left: The penitent Mary Magdalene

Below: Self-portrait by Titian, c. 1485

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