outline what’s new in 2008 weed control refresher common questions about interpreting and using...
TRANSCRIPT
Outline
• What’s New in 2008• Weed Control Refresher• Common Questions about Interpreting
and Using Forage Quality Data• Potential research/demo projects.
Common Questions about Interpreting and Using Forage
Quality Data
How good is this hay?
Crude Protein = 13.5%
Crude Protein and Hay Quality
Crude Protein and Hay Quality
• CP is the most overrated measure of quality! Total N x 6.25 = CP, %
• Tells you nothing about the form nitrogen is in Protein (AA), Bound Protein, Nitrates etc.
• Tells you very little about energy content• Protein requirements are (typically) easily
met• Somewhat related to maturity• Important- just overemphasized
• CP is the most overrated measure of quality! Total N x 6.25 = CP, %
• Tells you nothing about the form nitrogen is in Protein (AA), Bound Protein, Nitrates etc.
• Tells you very little about energy content• Protein requirements are (typically) easily
met• Somewhat related to maturity• Important- just overemphasized
Common Questions about Interpreting and Using Forage
Quality Data
High Quality Forage: Forage that is highly digestible (i.e., high TDN) and capable of being consumed in large amounts (i.e., high DMI).
• RFQ = TDN * DMI/1.23http://www.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fieldcrops/forages/questions/rfq.html
NDF and NDFd
HORSES?
The Plant CellThe Plant Cell
PectinsHemicelluloseCelluloseLigninSilica
ProteinOilMineralsSugarsOrganic Acids
Easily Digestible
Neutral Detergent Fiber
Total Digestible NutrientsRelative Forage Quality (RFQ)
Metabolizable Energy
TDNRFQ
Metabolizable Energy
Reading Forage Quality Data
What can you make out of Crude Fiber?
• Crude fiber is not an accurate measure of total fiber Much of the lignin and hemicellulose
is lost during the analysis. Even cellulose is not totally
recovered in the CF fraction.
• Crude fiber is not an accurate measure of total fiber Much of the lignin and hemicellulose
is lost during the analysis. Even cellulose is not totally
recovered in the CF fraction.
The Plant CellThe Plant Cell
PectinsHemicelluloseCelluloseLigninSilica
ProteinOilMineralsSugarsOrganic Acids
Neutral Detergent Fiber
Total Digestible NutrientsRelative Forage Quality (RFQ)
Metabolizable Energy
What can you make out of Crude Fiber?
• Crude fiber is not an accurate measure of total fiber Much of the lignin and hemicellulose
is lost during the analysis. Even cellulose is not totally
recovered in the CF fraction.
• Most testing labs no longer report CF. It is required on tags of purchased
feeds.
• Crude fiber is not an accurate measure of total fiber Much of the lignin and hemicellulose
is lost during the analysis. Even cellulose is not totally
recovered in the CF fraction.
• Most testing labs no longer report CF. It is required on tags of purchased
feeds.
Feeding the Dairy Herd:http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/DI0469.html
• Section: Feed Nutrientshttp://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/components/DI0469-03.html
Forage Quality Question
On the forage reports, it lists:Net energy.... lactation
maintenance gain
Metabolizable energy
What is the practical significance of these variables?Is there a target range for these variables?
Energy Fractionation
GrossEnergy
DigestibleEnergy
MetabolizableEnergy
NetEnergy
Maintenance
Growth
Milk
Other
Loss infeces
Loss inurine & gas
Loss asheat
Forage Quality Question
On the forage reports it lists:Net energy....lactation
maintenance gain
Metabolizable energy
What is the practical significance of these variables?Is there a target range for these variables?
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/nrs/
What is the value of forage quality information?
What is the value of forage quality information?
$60/1000 lb roll51% TDN
$65/1000 lb roll58% TDN
A)
B)
Scenario: Dry Cows• Bale A cost:
No supplement; $65/bale
• Bale B cost: 56 lbs of supplement/1000 lb
bale $4.20 supp. + $60 = $64.20 + labor
What is the value of forage quality information?
What is the value of forage quality information?
$60/1000 lb roll51% TDN
$65/1000 lb roll58% TDN
A)
B)
Scenario: Lact. Cows• Bale A cost:
No supplement; $65/bale
• Bale B cost: 180 lbs of supplement/1000 lb
bale $13.50 supp. + $60 =
$73.50 + labor
In this case, the feeding of one bale paid for the forage
test.
Outline
• What’s New in 2008• Weed Control Refresher• Common Questions about Interpreting
and Using Forage Quality Data• Potential research/demo projects.
Demonstration Projects - 08
Demonstration Projects - 08
Perennial legumes for Coastal Plain pastures.
• Tri-state effort (MS, AL, GA) to establish and evaluate perennial legumes (white & red clovers) for persistence in the region.
• Cost-share program (CIG) 75% of establishment costs Up to ~$110/A (Don’t hold me to that)
• Needs: Good cooperator, ready access to equipment, perennial
grass in good condition (good stand, weed control, fertility, etc.)
Willing to allow field day/pasture walk.
Perennial legumes for Coastal Plain pastures.
• Tri-state effort (MS, AL, GA) to establish and evaluate perennial legumes (white & red clovers) for persistence in the region.
• Cost-share program (CIG) 75% of establishment costs Up to ~$110/A (Don’t hold me to that)
• Needs: Good cooperator, ready access to equipment, perennial
grass in good condition (good stand, weed control, fertility, etc.)
Willing to allow field day/pasture walk.
Demonstration Projects - 08
Demonstration Projects - 08
Perennial legumes for Coastal Plain pastures.
• Site Options:
Perennial legumes for Coastal Plain pastures.
• Site Options:
Demonstration Projects - 08
Demonstration Projects - 08
Calibrate and evaluate the variability of drills and seeders.
• Some drills (no-till, et al.) result in over application. High seed costs are here to stay.
Calibrate and evaluate the variability of drills and seeders.
• Some drills (no-till, et al.) result in over application. High seed costs are here to stay.
Demonstration Projects - 08
Demonstration Projects - 08
Calibrate and evaluate the variability of drills and seeders.
• Size of some forage seeds and mixtures create inaccuracy.
Calibrate and evaluate the variability of drills and seeders.
• Size of some forage seeds and mixtures create inaccuracy.
Revisiting Some Old Friends
Revisiting Some Old Friends
Old N Fertilizer ProductsOld N Fertilizer Products
Photo courtesy of Dr. Ray Smith, TAES
The effect of annual clover addition on ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass yields.
The effect of annual clover addition on ‘Coastal’ bermudagrass yields.
Treatment 1965 1966 1967 1968
-------------- dry lbs/acre -------------- Crimson; 200 lbs N/Acre 22500 22300 17500 24500Arrowleaf; 200 lbs N/Acre 24000 21600 16500 27100No Clover; 200 lbs N/Acre 17100 19800 15400 21600
No Clover; 0 N 7700 6600 3500 6200Location: Starkville, MS Source: Knight, W.E. 1970. Agron. J. 62:773-775.
Research Projects - 08Research Projects - 08
Sodseeding winter annual legumes into bermudagrass (and bahiagrass) hayfields
• Evaluate the benefit of annual legume addition to WSP hayfields.
• Funding? Seed will be made available to provide uniform conditions Producer/County may have to provide for other costs
• Needs: Good cooperator, ready access to equipment, perennial
grass in good condition (good stand, weed control, fertility, etc.)
Willing to allow field day/pasture walk.
Sodseeding winter annual legumes into bermudagrass (and bahiagrass) hayfields
• Evaluate the benefit of annual legume addition to WSP hayfields.
• Funding? Seed will be made available to provide uniform conditions Producer/County may have to provide for other costs
• Needs: Good cooperator, ready access to equipment, perennial
grass in good condition (good stand, weed control, fertility, etc.)
Willing to allow field day/pasture walk.
Research Projects - 08Research Projects - 08
Sodseeding winter annual legumes into bermudagrass (and bahiagrass) hayfields
• Treatments (4 replications): Arrowleaf, crimson, and check plot 4 levels of N fertilization (100, 150, 200, and 250 lbs
N/acre)
• No poultry litter applied to area
• Take yield measurements before each harvest. Clippers, 1 ft2 or m2 quadrat, scales (1 - 0.1 g)
• Send samples to Hancock or dry on your own.
Sodseeding winter annual legumes into bermudagrass (and bahiagrass) hayfields
• Treatments (4 replications): Arrowleaf, crimson, and check plot 4 levels of N fertilization (100, 150, 200, and 250 lbs
N/acre)
• No poultry litter applied to area
• Take yield measurements before each harvest. Clippers, 1 ft2 or m2 quadrat, scales (1 - 0.1 g)
• Send samples to Hancock or dry on your own.
Research Projects - 08Research Projects - 08
Research Projects - 08Research Projects - 08
Developing better estimates of bale weights.
• Bale weight = f(density and volume) 5’ x 5’ bale ~= 100 ft3 (π r2 * h) Density runs ~ 9 - 12.5 ft3
• Factors that will need to be accounted for: Forage species Quality (fiber strength) Variation between sites within a bale
• Overcome variation with a large, diverse sample size
Developing better estimates of bale weights.
• Bale weight = f(density and volume) 5’ x 5’ bale ~= 100 ft3 (π r2 * h) Density runs ~ 9 - 12.5 ft3
• Factors that will need to be accounted for: Forage species Quality (fiber strength) Variation between sites within a bale
• Overcome variation with a large, diverse sample size
Research Projects - 08Research Projects - 08
Developing better estimates of bale weights.
• Commitment: Obtain data and weights on 50 or more bales
Forage, baler model, bale size, visual density, penetrometer reading from several locations, true bale weight, dry matter sample, ….
• Requires: Scale for dry matter readings (1 - 0.1 g) Large scale for weighing bales
Can borrow my scale Obtain/own soil compaction tester
Granger, Nasco, etc.
Developing better estimates of bale weights.
• Commitment: Obtain data and weights on 50 or more bales
Forage, baler model, bale size, visual density, penetrometer reading from several locations, true bale weight, dry matter sample, ….
• Requires: Scale for dry matter readings (1 - 0.1 g) Large scale for weighing bales
Can borrow my scale Obtain/own soil compaction tester
Granger, Nasco, etc.
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
www.georgiaforages.com1-800-ASK-UGA1
www.georgiaforages.com1-800-ASK-UGA1