Unit Four: A Maturing Industrial Society 1877-1914

Themes: (Write in a few examples of each category for this Unit)Economic _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Societal _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cultural _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Political _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Diplomatic _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 16: The American WestMain Idea: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Who is Thomas A. Ayres? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. The Great PlainsMain Idea: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Define American Desert: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a. Indians of the Great Plains

i. The Sioux1. Who were they?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What was their society like? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Sioux Religion1. ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________2. ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________3. ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________b. Wagon trains, Railroads, and Ranchers

i. When did Congress designate the Great Plains Indian territory? How was this enforced? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. The Railroads1. In what ways was the ordeal of the wagon train alleviated?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The transcontinental Project, the Union pacific, and other railroad companies _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Effects ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. The cattle Kingdom1. What happened to the buffalo? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Cattle towns? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Ranchers and those who worked on ranches _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Positives and negatives _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Open-range ranching (explain and explain what happened to it) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Buffalo Bill and the Mythic West1. The Romance of the West: William F. Cody

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a. How did he become famous? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Wild West Show ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Homesteadersi. Homestead Act 1862

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. How else were settlers encourages to settle land? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Drouthy Kansas __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Gender roles ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

v. Who went west? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

vi. Motivation? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

vii. Taming the Land1. What was life like? How was the climate/environment?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Was life sustainable? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Buffalo Chips? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The Commercial World of the western farmer (explain this section in a few sentences; be sure to cite important companies, government intervention, and how farmers organized themselves) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. The Fate of the Indiansi. The Reservation Solution

1. How did the government pave the way for white settlement? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Read the primary sources and answer the questions on pg 500-5013. How did Indians respond?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What was the role of the US army? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Sitting Bull ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Custer ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What wrecked the reservation solution? Why? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Undermining tribal Culture1. How were Indians moved onto the “white man’s road”?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Helen Hunt Jackson _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The Dawes Severalty Act 1887 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. The Last Battle: Wounded Knee1. The Sioux

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Wovoka ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Wounded Knee ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Answer the questions on pg 504II. The Far West

What was this area like? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a. The Mining Frontier

i. The Gold Rush and urbanization of the West (major cities? Why did it occur? When? Where? Effects?) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Hydraulic Mining __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. The Pacific Slope1. What was it? Where?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Read pg 507 and answer the questionsb. Hispanics, Chinese, Anglos

i. The Hispanic Southwest

1. How did Hispanics affect the area? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Indian tribes ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Anglo-Hispanic Culture1. Immigration and its effects

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Mexican Migrants1. Effects

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Chinese Migration1. When? Why? What did they do?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Transcontinental railroad _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

v. Anti-Chinese Agitation1. Why were the Chinese target?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Chinese Exclusion Act _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Golden Californiai. Why was California so special?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. California Culture1. What groups were documented? By whom?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Land of Sunshine

1. What was the climate like and how did it affect settlement? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Growth of farming and Industry ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. John Muir and the Great Outdoors1. Who?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What did he do? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why was he significant? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Answer the questions on pg 5155. Answer the questions on pg 516

Chapter 17: Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise 1877-1900

Main Idea : ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. Industrial Capitalism TriumphantWhat was the age of Great Deflation? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a. The Age of Steel

What are capital goods? How did they transform the US? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

i. Andrew Carnegie and American Steel1. Who? What did he do?

___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. The Railroad Boomi. Constructing Railroads

1. When did railroads become the mode of travel for Americans? How were they paid for? Who were major railroad tycoons? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. The railway System1. What does the railroad have anything to do with time zones?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How did advancing technology advance the growth of the railways? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Railroads and Wall St? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Large Scale EnterpriseWhen did Big Business arrive in the US? Why? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

i. Gustavus Swift and Vertical Integration1. What did he do?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is vertical integration? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is an oligopoly? And how does it relate to Swift? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. John D. Rockefeller and Monopoly Power1. 1863; Cleveland, OH; John D. Rockefeller

___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Standard Oil _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. The Birth of Consumer Marketing1. Quaker Oats company

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2. Montgomery Ward and Sears ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Great Atlantic and Pacific tea Company and FW Woolworth ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are mass-marketed goods? Why did they grow in America during this time period? How did advertising affect these brands? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. The managerial Revolutiona. HOW WERE THESE NEW COMPANIES CONTROLLED?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON PG 528II. The World of Work

a. Labor Recruitsi. Define white collar:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Look at/examine the graphs on pg 528iii. Southern Labor

1. What kind of labor system evolved? Why? Effects? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What distinguished the southern labor market from the rest of the country? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Immigrant Workers1. From what countries did immigrants come from? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What work did they do? How were they received? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

v. Working Women and the Family Economy1. What kind of work did women do? How were they received?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

vi. The Pittsburgh Inferno ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

vii. Working Women (pg534-535)b. Autonomous Labor

i. Breaker Boys ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. What is an autonomous labor worker? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Social meaning ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Noontime ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

v. Dispersal of authority __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Systems of Controli. Mass production and changes to industry

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Mechanization __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Scientific management and Frederick Taylor ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Answer the questions on pg 539III. The Labor Movement

a. The Killing floor ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Define Collective bargaining ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Reformers and Unionistsi. Knights of Labor

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Trade Unionism and everyday needs ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Define closed shop __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. How did trade unions compare to the Knights of Labor? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. The Emergence of the AFLi. How did the Knights affect national trade unions?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Samuel Gompers and Pure-and-Simple-Unionism 1. Who? What did he do/believe?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Haymarket1. May 3, 1886

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Define anarchism: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

v. Define yellow-dog contracts __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

vi. What was the AFL? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. Industrial Wari. The Homestead Strike

1. Where, when, why? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. End result? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. The Great Pullman Boycott1. Where, when, why?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Define secondary labor boycott _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. End result? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

f. American Radicalism in the Makingi. Eugene Debs and American Socialism

1. Who was Debs and what did he believe in? What did he do? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Define industrial union ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Western radicalism1. What was this?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Groups? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. People? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. General strike ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Syndicalism ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

g. Answer the questions on page 547IV. Answer the questions on page 548

Chapter 18: The Industrial City: Building It, Living In It

Main Idea: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is Theodore Dreiser? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. UrbanizationWhy did urbanization come about? (give at least four examples) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a. City Innovation

i. Problems? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Mass transit1. When did it come about? Who was responsible?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Effects? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Skyscrapers1. When did it come about? Who was responsible?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. The Electric City1. When did it come about? Who was responsible?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Private City, Public Cityi. How did private enterprise affect the city?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. The urban Environment1. Problems (list at least 3)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Define rural ideal: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. A Balance Sheet: Chicago and Berlin1. Compare and contrast (at least 3)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Questions pg 558II. Upper Class/Middle Class

a. The Urban Elitei. Lifestyles of the Rich

1. Where did the go? How did they affect cities? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Ward McAllister and “High Society”1. Who was he? What did he do?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is High Society? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. The Suburban Worldi. The Middle Class

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Define suburbanization and its impact ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Middle Class Familiesi. What was this household like?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. The Wife’s Role1. Catherine Beecher

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Daily tasks and responsibilities ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Marriage ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. The Cult of Masculinity1. Define

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Effects _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iv. Changing Views of Women’s Sexuality1. Liberation; why?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

v. Attitudes Toward Children1. How were children viewed?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Childhood and education _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

vi. Questions pg 566d. Challenging Female Delicacy

III. City Lifea. Newcomers

i. How did cities change with the influx of immigrants? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Define ghettosiii. Urban Blacks and their impact on cities

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Ward Politicsi. Define political machines

ii. Effects ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Coming to America: The Downsided. Religion in the City

i. Judaism ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii. Catholicism ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Protestantism ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

e. City Amusementsi. Vaudeville

ii. Other amusementsiii. Geography of the city and amusementsiv. Baseballv. William Randolph Hearst and yellow journalism (explain)

f. Coney Islandg. The Higher Culture

i. Cultural Institutions1. Art galleries 2. Orchestras3. Donations and giving4. Did the US have “culture”?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The Literary Scenea. Important books and authors

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h. Questions pg 579IV. Questions pg 580