output- and performance-based road contracts...
TRANSCRIPT
Output- and Performance-based Road Contracts (OPRC)
WB Transport Forum 2007 - Learning Event -
Course Segments:
Part 1: Concept and Rationale of OPRC’s(Andreas Schliessler)
Part 2: Creating a framework for OPRC’s(Chris Bennett)
Part 3: OPRC’s using Micro-Enterprises(Gerardo Flintsch)
Part 4: How to prepare and procure OPRC’s(Patricia Baquero / Andreas Schliessler)
Principles and Rationale of Output- and Performance-based Road Contracts(OPRC)
(…also called PMMR: Performance-based Management and Maintenance of Roads)
What is this contracting modality meant for?
PrimarilyTo better respond to a new approach to Road Network Management.To achieve better roads for the same money, or …… to use less money for assuring the same Level of ServiceTo reduce the administrative effort for the Road Agency (fewer contracts)
What is this contracting modality meant for?
…but alsoTo ensure more stable funding for Road Maintenance.To make Road Maintenance a more attractive business for contractorsTo create incentives for technical innovation and higher efficiencyTo satisfy the needs of Road UsersTo support local communities
Washington DC Road Pre - PBMC
CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONALAverage Unit Cost:Average Unit Cost:
$120 per patch$120 per patch$900 per lane mile$900 per lane mile$5,900 per ton$5,900 per tonProduction = Production =
2020--30 patches per day30 patches per dayMOBILE PATCHERMOBILE PATCHERAverage Unit Cost:Average Unit Cost:
$22 per patch$22 per patch$38 per lane mile$38 per lane mile$880 per ton$880 per tonProduction = Production =
120 patches per day120 patches per day
Courtesy VMS
Equipment Innovation:Mobile Pothole Patching
Material Innovation: RoadFlex™Pothole Patching Material
Permanent patch Permanent patch materialmaterialNo failures in 3 No failures in 3 yearsyearsNo rework requiredNo rework requiredReduced labor and Reduced labor and lane closureslane closuresLess disruption to Less disruption to motoristsmotorists
Courtesy VMS
Cost savings reported by Road Agencies
Norway: 20–40%Sweden: +/- 30%Finland: 30-35%Holland: 30-40%Britain: 10% minimumAustralia: 10-40%New Zealand: 20-30%USA: 10-15%Ontario, Cda: +/- 10%
Alberta, Cda.: +/- 20%British Columbia, Cda: +/- 10%
Change of Approach
Provision of Service Level over long periods
Completion of works …Payment … End .
Payment based on Outputs (agreed service levels)
Payment based on Input quantities and Unit Prices
Road User view(Service Levels)
Road Engineer view(Road characteristics)
Sector Program FinancingProject Lending
Road Sector Efficiency (Network Management)
Road by Road (fixing bad roads)
New ApproachOld Approach
OPRC can be used to…
Manage and Maintain existing roads during multi-year periods Bring roads to a maintainable condition and then manage and maintain them for several yearsRehabilitate and improve roads, and then manage and maintain them for several yearsConstruction of new roads, followed by a long period of management and maintenance
OPRC : Four types of activities
Management and Maintenance ServicesRehabilitation Works: Bring roads back to a standard they had before.Improvement Works: Add new characteristics to the road, in response to new traffic, safety, or other considerations.Emergency Works: Repair the road after damage from unforeseeable events.
Balance between Initial Upgrading / Maintenance
0
50
100
Verygood
Lessgood
Mgmt & Maint.First-Year Works
Contract must remain attractive throughout contract period, and not only during initial period.
Payments under OPRC Contracts: mostly for a Service to be provided:
Contractor has to ensure that road users get a certain Level of ServiceLevel of Service defined in terms of usability, road surface conditions, safety features, roadside assistance, etc.Specifications included in Contract describe Level of Service expected for each road in the network.
Service Level – Unpaved RoadsGeneral
Road open to trafficAverage traffic speed
User Comfort & SafetyCorrugationRut DepthOther surface degradationsUseable road widthCleanliness of surfaceHeight of tree branches above road, etc.
Durability: Crown Height
Service Level – Paved RoadsPotholes / PatchingCrackingCleanliness of SurfaceRutting / RavellingLoose pavement edgesHeight pavement / shoulderShoulder conditionsetc. …
Payments under PMMR Contracts:
Unit prices per output productImprovement Works
Output-based Lumpsum for total volume, paid prorata according to actual progress towards target
Rehabilitation Works
Based on input unit prices, for works agreed case by case
Emergency Works
Lumpsum per km/month(100% Output- and Performance-based)
Management & Maintenance
Payment basisActivity
Contractor is free to decide …
nononoyesWhat to do
yes (*)yes (*)yes (*)yes (*)Subcontract
nonoyes / noyesWhere to do
nodeadlinedeadlineyesWhen to do
noyes / noyesyesHow to do
Emer-gency
Improve-ment
Rehabili-tation
Mgmt. & Maint.
Bid Evaluation for OPRC contracts
Output Unit prices x quantitiesImprovement Works:
Lumpsum for total rehabilitation works Rehabilitation Works:
SUM OF THE ABOVE (Net present value)
TOTAL BID PRICE:
Hypothetical Input Quantities x input unit prices
Emergency Works:
Network km x Lumpsum per km/month x No. of months
Management & Maintenance:
Bid Evaluation basisActivity
T im e ta b le o f c o m p lia n c e w ith se r v ic e q u a lity r e q u ir e m e n ts m o n th s s in c e g in n in g o f C o n tra c t
U sa b ility o f th e r o a d (s)C o m p lia n c e re q u ire d o n
(% o f to ta l le n g th o f ro a d s u n d e r c o n tra c t)
A v e r a g e T r a ff ic S p e e d M in im u m sa fe tra f fic sp e e d w h ic h c a n b e
m a in ta in e d (in K m /h )
R o a d U se r C o m fo r t C o m p lia n c e re q u ire d o n
(% o f to ta l le n g th o f ro a d s u n d e r c o n tra c t)
D u r a b ilitr o a d
C o m p lia n c e r(% o f to ta l
ro a d s u n d e r1 a n d 2 N o m in im u m se t N o m in im u m se t N o m in im u m se t N o m in im
3 1 0 0 4 0 3 2 4 1 0 0 4 0 8 4 5 1 0 0 5 0 1 3 7 6 1 0 0 5 0 1 8 1 17 1 0 0 5 0 2 4 1 58 1 0 0 6 0 3 0 2 09 1 0 0 6 0 3 6 2 5
1 0 1 0 0 6 0 4 2 3 01 1 1 0 0 6 0 5 0 3 51 2 1 0 0 6 0 6 0 4 01 3 1 0 0 6 0 7 0 4 51 4 1 0 0 6 0 8 0 5 11 5 1 0 0 6 0 9 0 5 71 6 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 6 31 7 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 6 91 8 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 7 51 9 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 8 12 0 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 8 72 1 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 9 3
u n til E n d o f tra c t p e r io d
1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Evolution of the performance requirements over time
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Months
Passability (% total length) Average speed (km/h) User's comfort (% total length) Durability (% total length)
Role of Road Agency staff …
… changes for those involved in OPRC:
From counting cubic meters to checking Service Levels
From “policing” contractors to Partnership arrangements (PPP)
From Maintenance Engineer to Road Asset Manager
End of Part 1Thank you for your attention.
Andreas Schliessler
Next – Part 2: Examples of actual use of OPRC contracts under World Bank financed contracts (Chris Bennett).