By Stoyan Zakov, Elia Hristova, Nadezhda Trichkova10/5

Current Level of Global FishingIt is sustainableOverfishing causes a lot of problemsConsequences of increase of human populationArtificial breeding (Over Fishing)Affected AreasAtlantic Ocean (Atlantic sharks…)Philippines (Pine, Ruel)

http://trendsupdates.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/overfishing2.jpg

Fishing down the Food ChainCatching the biggest fish -> Going down the

next levelsSmaller fish – new targetLack of foodExtinction of animalsCompetition (Fishing Down…)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/a/a2/20090326090801!Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg

BycatchCatching of animals without intentionThrown back or kept for sellingReason – catching techniques (bottom-

trawling)Solutions (Castro, Kathleen)

http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/files/images/frontpage/oceans/sustainable_seafood/bycatch_2.jpg

Bottom-trawlingCatching of fish in extremely big amounts using

big netsPlaced at the sea floorA lot of needless animals and corals are caughtmixing of water and mud/ sanddeath of many animals (Norse, Elliotte)

http://www.marelec.com/images/b1.GIF

No-take Zoneszones, where fishing is forbidden (“Overfishing”)4% of the Great Barrier Reef – protected

(“Human Impact…”)ecosystems – restored (“Over Fishing”)increase in the species diversity, abundance of

fish, size of individualspositive effect on fishing industries

(“Overfishing”)control on number and size of the caught fish, on

species, and gears usedfines and penalties (“Overfishing”)

Impactchanged marine food webseffect on predator-prey interactions and

competitive interactions (“Human Impact…”)Example: cod and herring (“Over Fishing”)decrease in an ecosystem’s biodiversitydestroyed balance=> the structure and function of the ecosystem

are altered(“Human Impact…”)

http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2011/finalwebsite/graphics/intro/OVERFISHINGfromPEW.gif

1. Beginning of the problem The first Europeans- traditional meal Salmon cannery 1876 -financial benefit from

salmon Until the end of the century 70 canneries -

expansion of problem2. Weather problem Weather is affecting salmon population Global warming human affect (“Salmon - The Story and History of Pacific Salmon”)

http://www.jimsfishing.com/images-links/chinook1.jpg

Numbers and Solution1. Numbers2009 -10.6 million sockeyes expected 1.7 came (“Is the

Pacific…” )2. Solution2009 treaty between Canada and the USA for 10 years-

Pacific Salmon Commission lowering of fishing with about 15% in Alaska lowering with about 30% in Canadaaiming to support the ecosystem of the west pacific coast

of North America and fishery collapse (“Salmon treaty…” )USA 30 million dollars supportPrevious agreement from 1985 (“Salmon treaty…” )

http://www.google.bg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/LargerImages/RegionGraphics/Pacific%2520Northwest/Salmon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/Library/nationalassessment/overviewpnw.htm&usg=__c4YiFTrLAbi935jWDThEo4rRlVM=&h=364&w=414&sz=47&hl=bg&start=109&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=gp3ZIJEYEbbaEM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgraphics%2Bfor%2Bpacific%2Bsalmon%2Bfishing%2Busa%26start%3D108%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dbg%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D18%26tbs%3Disch:1

Boom of Jellyfish in the Black Seatop predators (dolphins and bluefin tuna) –

removedincrease in small fish numberchanged fishing industrya boom in jellyfish populationcomb jellyfish – 90% of the biomassreason: the abundance of zooplanktonnegative effect on tourism(“Fishing 'destabilises Black Sea’”)

http://dormivigilia.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/comb-jelly.jpg

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/oceans/images/pacificmap.jpg

http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/43012000/gif/_43012245_black_sea_map203.gif

Works Cited“Atlantic sharks at risk due to over-fishing: study” Canwest News Service. 17th June, 2010

<http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/environment/Atlantic+sharks+risk+over+fishing+study/976868/story.html > Castro, Kathleen. “Bycatch” 17th June, 2010

< http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/Bycatch.html >“Fishing 'destabilises Black Sea'.” BBC News. 2010.

10 June 2010. < http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6719965.stm>. “Fishing Down the Food Chain.” 17th June, 2010

< http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/fish/part3.html >Hughes, Terry. “What are the Benefits of No-take Zones?” Arc Centre of Excellence. Coral Reef Studies.10 June 2010.

<http://www.coralcoe.org.au/research-tools/qpwstalks/NO-TAKE%20ZONES.pdf>.“Human Impact on the Great Barrier Reef.” University of Michigan.

10 June 2010. < http://sitemaker.umich.edu/gc2sec7labgroup3/over-fishing>. “Is the Pacific salmon fishery collapsing or sustainable?” The Vancouver Sun. 2008 - 2010 Canwest Publishing Inc.10 June 2010.

<http://www.vancouversun.com/business/Pacific+salmon+fishery+collapsing+sustainable/2049806/story.html>.Norse, Elliotte. “Bottom trawling impacts, clearly visible from space” 17th June, 2010

< http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-02/s-bti021508.php >“Over Fishing.” People’s Trust for the Environment.

10 June 2010. <http://www.ypte.org.uk/environmental/over-fishing/29>."Overfishing." World Resources Institute. 10 G Street NE Suite 800 Washington, DC 20002, USA.

10 June 2010. <http://archive.wri.org/page.cfm?id=3060&z=?>. “Over Fishing.” Buffalo, NY. 17th June, 2010

< http://www.conservenature.org/orca_salmon_forest/overfishing.htm >Pine, Ruel. “Overfishing in the Philippines threatens whale sharks and local fisheries” 17th June, 2010

< http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/philippines/news/?62160/Overfishing-in-the-Philippines-threatens-whale-sharks-and-local-fisheries >“Salmon - The Story and History of Pacific Salmon.” What’s Cooking America. 2004-2010, Linda Stradley.

10 June 2010. < http://whatscookingamerica.net/salmon.htm>. “Salmon treaty aims to prevent overfishing on West Coast.” KOMOnews.com. 2010 Fisher Communications, Inc.

10 June 2010. < http://www.komonews.com/news/local/19210734.html>.