overriding questions what are the relevant time and space scales to study plankton diversity? are...
DESCRIPTION
What have we learned? Prokaryote dominated ecosystem. Ocean biology regulates nutrient stoichiometry and carbon export. Chronically oligotrophic upper ocean (NO NO 2 -TRANSCRIPT
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Overriding questions
• What are the relevant time and space scales to study plankton diversity?
• Are the time and space scales that regulate diversity the same as those that control biogeochemical cycling?
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The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)
• Established in 1988 as part of the U.S. JGOFS program.
• Primary objectives: characterize time-dependent dynamics in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus inventories and fluxes.
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What have we learned?• Prokaryote dominated ecosystem.
• Ocean biology regulates nutrient stoichiometry and carbon export.
• Chronically oligotrophic upper ocean (NO3
- + NO2- <10 nM, PO4
3- <100 nM).
• N2 fixation plays an important role in nutrient dynamics and carbon export.
• Organization of plankton populations may be controlled by ocean-climate teleconnections.
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Time scales and processes driving biological variability in the oceans
Global-scale climate variability
PDO / NAO ~ 10-30 year period
ENSO ~ 1-3 year period
Millennia
Decadal
Interannual
Intraannual Seasonal (light, temperature, nutrients)
Diurnal Tidal, light, predation
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Are ocean-climate teleconnections reflected in
plankton dynamics?Prochlorococcus
(cel
ls m
-2)
1x1013
2x1013
3x1013
4x1013
ALOH
A M
LD anom
aly
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Euka
ryot
es(c
ells
m-2
)
1x1011
2x1011
3x1011
4x1011
ALOH
A M
LD anom
aly
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Zoop
lank
ton
dry
wei
ght
(g m
-2)
0.00.30.60.91.2 ALO
HA
MLD
anomaly
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
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ALO
HA
M
LD anom
aly
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Div
inyl
Chl
a(m
g m
-2)
5
10
15
20
25
19'-H
ex.
(mg
m-2
)
1
4
7
10
ALO
HA
M
LD anom
aly
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Year
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
19'-B
ut.
(mg
m-2
)
1
4
7
ALO
HA
M
LD anom
aly
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
Interdecadal and decadal scale dynamics in pigment biomarkers
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Summary• Plankton populations at Station ALOHA vary
over a broad continuum of time scales ranging from seasonal, to decadal.
• Plankton population structure in the central North Pacific Ocean appears linked to ocean-climate dynamics.
• Understanding the mechanisms regulating temporal dynamics in plankton populations requires an integrated biogeochemical approach.