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    Training CenterTraining Center

    CDMA Technology TrainingProgram

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    Training CenterTraining Center

    [email protected]

    Email hotline resource to assist our CDMA customers

    worldwide

    Experienced CDMA Engineers in our Engineering

    Services Group will answer your technical questions

    on topics including :

    - Industry Standards - Network Planning

    - Infrastructure Design - Network Optimization

    - Voice Quality - Test Engineering

    - System Design - Training

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    SYSTEMARCHITECTURE

    LINK STRUCTURE

    CALL PROCESSING

    FORWARD LINK

    REVERSE LINK

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    Reference Documentation

    1. Viterbi, Andrew J. CDMA Principles of Spread

    SpectrumCommunication. Addison-Wesley, 1995.2. Lee, Williaw C.Y. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications,2nd Edition. McGraw Hill, 1995.

    3. Kim, Kyoung. Handbook of CDMA System Design,

    Engineering, and Optimization. Prentice Hall, 2000.

    4. Rappaport, T.S. Wireless Communication Principles

    andPractice. Prentice Hall, 1996.

    5. Yang, Samuel C. CDMA RF Systems

    Engineering. Artech House Publishers, 1998.

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    System ArchitectureSystem Architecture

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    MSC

    SMS-SCHLR

    PublicTelephon

    eNetwork

    IS-95A/B SIMPLIFIED

    ARCHITECTURE

    IS-95A/B SIMPLIFIED

    ARCHITECTURE

    NSS

    IS-634

    A

    IS-41CIS-41C

    ISUP/CCS7

    BTS

    BTS

    BTS

    BTS

    BTS

    BTS

    BSC

    BSC

    E1

    BSS

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    Mobile Station (MS)

    Menterminasi jalur radio (radio path) pada sisi user danmemungkinkan user mengakses layanan-layanan dari jaringan.MS dapat berupa peralatan stand-alone atau dikombinasikan

    dengan peralatan lain (PC, fax, dll).

    BTS (Base Transceiver Station)

    BTS terdiri dari satu atau lebih transceiver yang ditempatkanpada suatu lokasi tunggal, dan menterminasi jalur radio (radiopath) pada sisi jaringan. BTS dapat ditempatkan bersama dengan

    BSC (co-located) atau ditempatkan secara terpisah.

    BSC (Base Station Controller)

    BSC merupakan sistem manajemen dan kontrol untuk satu ataulebih BTS. BSC mempertukarkan messages dengan BTS maupunMSC. Beberapa signalling messages dapat melalui BSC secaratransparan.

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    MSC (Mobile Switching Center)

    MSC merupakan suatu sistem otomatis yang menyediakan fungsiswitching trafik antara user (MS) dari jaringan wireless dengan jaringan PSTN atau jaringan wireless lain. MSC juga mendukung

    fungsi billing, autentikasi dan fitur-fitur panggilan khusus.

    HLR (Home Location Register)

    HLR merupakan unit fungsional yang mengelola pelangganmobile dengan memelihara seluruh informasi pelanggan (ESN,directory number, IMSI, user profiles, current location). HLR dapat

    co-located dengan MSC dan menjadi bagian integral dari MSCatau dapat terpisah dari MSC. Satu HLR dapat melayani multiMSC.

    VLR (Visitor Location Register)

    VLR merupakan unit fungsional yang secara dinamis menyimpaninformasi pelanggan (ESN, directory number, user profile

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    Link StructureLink Structure

    FORWARD LINK

    REVERSE LINK

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    Masing-masing kanal kode tsb disebarkan secara orthogonaldengan Fungsi Walsh yang sesuai dan kemudian disebarkansecara kuadratur dengan sepasang Short PN Code pada fixedchip rate1,2288 Mcps.

    Pilot(W0)

    F-TCH (W8 - W20)

    Sync(W32)

    F-TCH (W21 - 31)

    Paging (W1 -W7)

    F-TCH (W33 W63)

    BTS

    Mobile Station

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    Forward CDMAChannel

    PilotCh

    Paging Ch 1

    PagingCh 7

    Traffic Ch

    1

    Traffic Ch24

    SyncCh

    Traffic Ch25

    Traffic Ch55

    W0 W1 W7 W8 W3

    1

    W3

    2

    W3

    3

    W6

    3

    Penetapan Kode Walsh untuk Forward CDMA Channelyang dipancarkan oleh Base Station

    Fundamental

    PowerControl

    Sub-Channel

    Supplemental Code 1

    (up to 7max)

    To 1 user :

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    Merupakan sinyal spektrum tersebar tak bermodulasiyang dipancarkan terus-menerus oleh Base Station.

    Digunakan oleh Mobile Station untuk keperluan

    sinkronisasi sistem awal.

    Memberikan referensi fasa bagi Mobile Station untukkeperluan deteksi koheren.

    Digunakan untuk mengukur kuat sinyal dalam

    mendukung proses handoff. Menggunakan kode Walsh 0 (W0).

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    +

    +

    +

    PilotChannel

    All 0s

    W01,2288 Mcps

    I-Channel pilot PNchips 1,2288 Mcps

    Q-Channel pilot PNchips 1,2288 Mcps

    I

    Q

    Baseband Filter

    Baseband Filter

    cos0t

    sin 0t

    s(t

    )

    I (t)

    Q (t)

    PEMBANGKITAN PILOT CHANNELPEMBANGKITAN PILOT CHANNEL

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    Digunakan oleh MS untuk mendapatkan informasi timing daninformasi khusus sel.

    Disebarkan dengan kode Walsh 32 (W32) pada kecepatan chip1,2288 Mcps dan dipancarkan oleh Base Station secara kontinyu.

    Untuk suatu base station tertentu, Sync Channel menggunakan pilot

    PN offset yang sama seperti pada Pilot Channel. Pesan-pesan yang dimuat di dalam Sync Channel adalah :

    Pilot PN Offset

    System Time

    State of the Long PN CodeCommon Air Interface Revision Level

    System ID

    Network ID

    Paging Channel Data Rate (4,8 kbps atau 9,6 kbps)

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    PEMBANGKITAN SYNC CHANNELPEMBANGKITAN SYNC CHANNEL

    Convolution

    al Encoder

    R = 1/2, K =9

    SymbolRepetition

    BlockInterleaver

    BB Filter

    BB Filter

    Sync

    Channel

    Message

    1,2kbps

    Codesymbol

    2,4ksps

    Modulation

    symbol

    4,8 kspsModulati

    onsymbol

    4,8 ksps

    W32

    PN chips1,2288Mcps+

    +

    +

    I-channel pilot PNsequence, 1.2288

    Mcps

    Q-channel pilotPN sequence,1.2288 Mcps

    I

    Q

    I(t)

    Q (t)

    cos0t

    sin 0t

    s(t)

    32bits/26,667ms

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    Digunakan oleh sistem CDMA untuk mengirimkan pesan-pesanoverhead dan pesan-pesan yang ditujukan kepada MS.

    Paging channel mengirimkan informasi pada kecepatan data 9600atau 4800 bps dengan durasi frame 20 ms.

    Kode Walsh 1 sampai 7 dapat digunakan untuk paging channel.Tetapi operator dapat menggunakan kurang dari 7 kanal paging.

    Pesan-pesan yang dimuat dalam Paging channel antara lain :

    System parameters Message

    Neighbour List Message

    Access Parameters Message

    CDMA Channel List Message

    Slotted Page

    Channel Assignment

    Feature Notification

    (pilot PN sequence offset,BS identifier, no. ofpaging ch., etc.)

    (neighbor pilot PN sequence offset)

    (defines parameters needed by MS to transmit on

    an access ch.)

    (informs the mobile that it can receive a call)

    (informs the mobile of the new CDMA freq. that itshould tune to)

    (supply display information to be displayed by

    MS)

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    PEMBANGKITAN PAGING CHANNELPEMBANGKITAN PAGING CHANNEL

    Convolution

    al Encoder

    R = 1/2, K =9

    SymbolRepetition

    BlockInterleaver

    BB Filter

    BB Filter

    Paging

    Channel

    Message

    9,6kbps4,8kbps

    Codesymbol

    19,2 ksps9,6 ksps

    Modulation

    symbol

    19,2ksps

    Modulationsymbol 19,2

    ksps

    WalshFunction

    pPN chips1,2288Mcps+

    +

    +

    I-channel pilot PN

    sequence, 1.2288Mcps

    Q-channel pilotPN sequence,1.2288 Mcps

    I

    Q

    I(t)

    Q (t)

    cos0t

    sin 0t

    s(t)

    +Data

    scrambler

    Long CodeGenerator

    Decimator

    19,2ksps

    Long Code Maskfor PagingChannel P

    192 bit/20ms96 bit/20 ms

    i ii i

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    Digunakan untuk pengiriman informasi user daninformasi signaling ke Mobile Station selamapanggilan.

    Base station mengirimkan informasi dalam ForwardTraffic Channel pada bit rate yang bervariasi, yaitu :9600, 4800, 2400 dan 1200 bps.

    Setiap kanal trafik dibedakan secara unik dengankode Walsh.

    Kode Walsh yang sudah dialokasikan untuk suatu MSdalam suatu sel omni (atau sektor), tidak dapatdigunakan oleh MS lain di dalam sel/sektor tersebutselama berlangsungnya pembicaraan.

    Forward Traffic channel dapat terdiri dari

    T i i CT i i C

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    Fundamental & Supplementary

    Code Channel

    Fundamental & Supplementary

    Code Channel

    WalshCode i

    WalshCode i

    + 1

    Fundamen

    tal

    Supplement

    al

    Power

    Control Sub-channel

    Traffic Channel consisting of 2 CodeChannels

    T i i C tT i i C t

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    Fundamental Code Channel

    digunakan untuk mengirimkan data user, signallingdan power control sub-channel

    Supplemental Code Channel

    menyediakan kemampuan high speed data bagipelanggan.

    Bit rate dari suatu Fundamental Code Channel tunggaldibatasi oleh format frame Rate Set.

    Forward Traffic Channel dapat memuat beberapaSupplemental Channel untuk menyediakan bit rate

    yang diperlukan.

    Setiap Supplemental Code Channels memerlukan suatukode Walsh tambahan yang unik.

    Supplemental Code Channel selalu memancar padarate maksimum untuk rate set yang digunakan dantidak membawa informasi signalling atau power control

    T i i C tT i i C t

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    STRUKTUR LENGKAP FORWARD TRAFFIC

    CHANNEL

    STRUKTUR LENGKAP FORWARD TRAFFIC

    CHANNEL

    Convolutional Encoder

    R = 1/2, K =9

    SymbolRepetitio

    n

    BlockInterleav

    er

    +

    +

    I-channel pilot PNsequence, 1.2288

    Mcps

    Q-channel pilotPN sequence,1.2288 Mcps

    I

    Q

    s(t)

    Walsh

    Functionn

    PN chips1,2288Mcps+

    Long CodeGenerator

    Decimator

    19,2 kspsLong Code

    Mask for user

    m

    Add 8-bit

    EncoderTail

    Add CRCfor 9600 &4800 bps

    Rates

    FTCInformationbits for userm (172, 80,40 or 16

    bits/frame)8.6kbps4.0kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps

    9.2kbps4.4kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps

    9.6kbps4.8kbps2.4kbps1.2kbps

    19.2kbps9.6kbps4.8kbps1.2kbps

    19.2kbps

    Codesymbol

    Modsymbol Mod

    symbol

    19.2kbps

    I(t)

    Q (t)

    cos0t

    sin 0t

    BBFilte

    r

    BB

    Filter

    MUX

    Powercontrolbits, 800bps

    Datascrambler19.2

    kbps

    Decimator

    1.2288 Mcps

    800 Hz

    1 :24

    T i i C tT i i C t

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    Rate

    Sets

    Rate

    Sets Rate Set adalah suatu set format frame kanaltrafik.

    Setiap set terdiri dari 4 bit rate, yang bisamembawa suara, user data atau signalling.

    Dalam sistem cdmaOne didefinisikan 2 macamRate Set.

    Rate Set 1 mendukung kecepatan bit maksimum

    8550, dengan tambahan 1050 bit overhead,sehingga total kecepatan maksimum = 9600bps.

    Rate Set 2 mendukung kecepatan bit maksimum

    13.300 bps, dengan tambahan bit-bit overhead,sehin a total kece atan maksimum = 14.400

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    Kategori

    Trafik

    Kategori

    Trafik Primary Traffic : User Voice Secondary Traffic : User data other than voice

    Signalling : Call control messaging

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    Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 1Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 1

    Full Rate

    Half Rate

    QuarterRate

    EighthRate

    1 171bits

    12 bitCRC

    8 Tailbits

    8 bit CRC 8 Tailbits

    80 bits

    8 Tail

    bits

    8 Tailbits

    40 bits

    16 bits

    Mode Bit 0

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    Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 2Primary Traffic Frame Sizes - Rate Set 2

    Full Rate

    Half Rate

    QuarterRate

    EighthRate

    1 267bits

    12 bitCRC

    8 Tailbits

    ErasureBit

    1 125bits

    10 bitCRC

    8 Tailbits

    1 55 bits 8 bit CRC 8 Tail

    bits

    1 21 bits 6 bit CRC 8 Tailbits

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    MultiplexingMultiplexing

    Multiplex Option 1

    Sistem cdmaOne memultipleks signalling dan datadengan sinyal voice.

    Multiplexing dapat juga digunakan untukmengirimkan secondary userdata signal melaluikanal trafik yang sama.

    Untuk Rate Set 1, multiplexing hanya dilakukanpada Full Rate.

    Pengiriman data melalui kanal-kanal CDMAdistandarisasi dalam IS-707.

    Multiplex Option 2

    Multiplex option juga didefinisikan untuk Rate Set2.

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    MULTIPLEXING Option 2 (b)

    MM = 0

    7200 bps Primary

    Traffic Only 11 124 bits124 bits 10bit10bit 8 bits8 bits

    Primary Traffic CRC Tail

    MM =

    1

    7200 bps Dim and

    Burst with rate 1/4

    Primary andSignaling traffic

    11 33 54 bits54 bits 67 bits67 bits 10 bit10 bit 8 bits8 bitsFM =

    000Primary Traffic

    Signaling Traffic CRC Tail

    7200 bps Dim and

    Burst with rate 1/8

    Primary and

    Signaling trafficMM =

    1

    11 33 20 bits20 bits 101 bits101 bits 10 bit10 bit 8 bits8 bits

    FM =

    0001Primary Traffic Signaling Traffic CRC Tail

    MM =

    1

    7200 bps Blank andBurst with

    Signaling traffic

    11 33 121 bits121 bits 10 bit10 bit 8 bits8 bitsFM =

    0010 Primary TrafficCRC Tail

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    MULTIPLEXING Option 2 (c)

    MM = 0

    3600 bps Primary

    Traffic Only 11 54 bits54 bits 8 bit8 bit 8 bits8 bits

    Primary Traffic CRC Tail

    MM =

    1

    3600 bps Dim and

    Burst with rate 1/8Primary and

    Signaling traffic

    11 22 20 bits20 bits 32 bits32 bits 8 bit8 bit 8 bits8 bitsFM =

    00Primary Traffic

    Signaling Traffic CRC Tail

    MM =

    1

    3600 bps Blank and

    Burst with

    Signaling traffic

    11 22 52 bits52 bits 8 bit8 bit 8 bits8 bits

    FM =

    01 Primary TrafficCRC Tail

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    Service

    Options

    Service

    Options Service Options merupakan suatu kapabilitaslayanan yang ditawarkan oleh sistem. Pilihanlayanan dapat berupa aplikasi seperti suara, dataatau fax.

    TSB-58 mendefinisikan sejumlah pilihan layanan :

    8K voice

    8K Mobile Station Loopback

    EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Coder)

    Async Data (Rate Set 1)

    Group 3 Fax (Rate Set 1)

    Short Message Services (Rate Set 1)

    dan lain-lain

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    Reverse CDMA Link adalah link antara Mobile Stationdan Base Station

    ReverseTrafficChannel

    Access Channel

    Rever

    seTra

    ffic

    Channel

    BaseStation

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    Reverse CDMA LinkReverse CDMA Link

    Secara substansial berbeda dengan forward link.

    Perbedaan utama terletak pada persyaratan powercontrol dan sifat non-coherent dari reverse link.

    Reverse CDMA channel diidentifikasi dengan pergeseranwaktu yang unik dari Long PN Code. Ingat bahwa PN

    Code yang digeser waktunya, mempunyai korelasi yangsangat kecil satu sama lain.

    Pelanggan-pelanggan dalam arah reverse dibedakanmelalui pergeseran unik dari Long PN Code.

    Terdapat dua tipe kanal pada arah reverse :

    Access Channel

    Reverse Traffic Channel

    Data yang ditransmisikan pada reverse CDMA channeldikelompokkan dalam frame 20 ms.

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    Reverse CDMA Channel

    Access CH

    1

    Contoh kanal-kanal reverse CDMAyang diterima pada suatu base station

    Access CH

    2

    Access CH

    n

    Traffic CH

    1

    Traffic CH

    2

    Traffic CH

    m

    Addressed by long code PN sequence

    Fundamental Code Ch

    SupplementCode Ch

    SupplementCode Ch

    SupplementCode Ch

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    Access Channel adalah suatu reverse CDMAcode channel yang digunakan oleh MS untukmemulai komunikasi dengan base station

    dan untuk meresponpesan kanal paging. Satu atau lebihAccess Channel dipasangkan

    dengan setiap kanal paging

    Kecepatan data access channel adalah

    konstan pada 4800 bps dan mempunyaidurasi frame 20 ms.

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    gg

    STRUKTUR ACCESS CHANNELSTRUKTUR ACCESS CHANNEL

    Convolutional Encoder

    R = 1/3, K =9

    Symbol

    Repetition

    Block

    Interleaver

    +

    +

    I-ChannelSequence, 1.2288

    Mcps

    Q-ChannelSequence, 1.2288

    Mcps

    I

    Q

    s(t)+Long CodeGenerator

    LongCodeMask

    Add 8-bitEncoderTail (96

    bits/frame)

    Codesymbol

    28.8ksps

    Modsymbol(Walshchip)

    I(t)

    Q (t)

    cos0t

    sin 0t

    BBFilte

    r

    BBFilte

    r

    PN chip

    1.2288Mcps

    D

    1/2 PN chip

    Delay =406.9 ns

    4.8 ksps (307.2kcps)

    64-ary

    OrthogonalModulato

    r

    Codesymbol

    28.8ksps

    Codesymbol

    14.4ksps

    4.8 kbps4.4 kbps

    Access

    ChannelMessage

    (88bits/frame)

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    ACCESS CHANNELMESSAGE

    RegistrationMemberitahu BS mengenai status lokasi MS, identifikasi danparameter-parameter lain. Ini diperlukan agar BS dapat secaraefisien memanggil MS ketika membangun hubungan.

    Order

    Typical Order message : BS Challenge, SSD Update Confirmation,

    SSD Update Registration, MS Acknowledgement, Local ControlResponse, MS Reject.

    Data Burst

    Data message yang dibangkitkan user dan dikirimkan oleh MS keBS.

    OriginationMemungkinkan MS untuk menempatkan suatu call - mengirimkandialed digits.

    Page Response

    Respon MS terhadap suatu page atau slotted-page dalammelanjutkan proses penerimaan panggilan.

    Authentication Challenge Response

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    Reverse Traffic Channel (RTC) digunakan untukpengiriman informasi user dan signalling ke BS selamapanggilan.

    RTC dapat menggunakan kecepatan transmisi yangbervariasi, yaitu : 9,6/4,8/2,4 atau 1,2 kbps

    Pada pembentukan RTC digunakan skema modulasiorthogonal yang diikuti oleh data burst randomizer.Data burst randomizer menentukan kapan pemancar

    MS harus OFF untuk mengurangi daya pancar rata-rata (memanfaatkan periode berkurangnya aktivitaspembicaraan).

    Supplemental channel dapat digunakan sesuaikebutuhan untuk mendukung high speed data pada

    reverse link. Supplemental channel tersebut dikirimkandengan offset unik dari Long PN Code.

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    STRUKTUR REVERSE TRAFFIC CHANNELSTRUKTUR REVERSE TRAFFIC CHANNEL

    Convolutional Encoder

    R = 1/3, K =9

    Symbol

    Repetition

    Block

    Interleaver

    +

    +

    I-ChannelSequence, 1.2288

    Mcps

    Q-ChannelSequence, 1.2288

    Mcps

    I

    Q

    s(t)+Long CodeGenerator

    Long CodeMask

    Add 8-bit

    EncoderTail

    Codesymbol

    28.8ksps

    Modsymbol(Walshchip)

    I(t)

    Q (t)

    cos0t

    sin 0t

    BBFilte

    r

    BBFilte

    r

    PN chip

    1.2288Mcps

    D

    1/2 PN chip

    Delay =406.9 ns

    4.8 ksps (307.2kcps)

    64-ary

    OrthogonalModulato

    r

    Codesymbol

    28.8ksps

    Codesymbol

    28.8ksps

    Add

    CRC

    RATE SET1 :9600 ,4800,2400 ,1200

    RATE SET 2 :14400 , 7200 ,

    3600 , 1800

    860040002000800bps

    13400630028001100bps

    920044002000800bps

    Info

    bits

    DataBurst

    Randomizer

    Frame DataRate

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    DATA BURST RANDOMIZER

    Output RTC Interleaver dibuka dengan suatu time filteryang memungkinkan pengiriman simbol-simbol tertentudari output interleaver dan menghapus simbol-simbolyang lain. Transmission gating process bervariasi sesuai

    dengan kecepatan data yang dikirimkan.

    Proses pembukaan (gating process) dilakukan denganmembagi frame 20 ms kedalam 16 PCG (Power ControlGroup) yang diberi nomor dari 0 s/d 15.

    Pengaturan gated-on dan gated-off dinamakan databurstrandomizing.

    MS memancar pada level daya normal hanya selamaperiode gated-on. Selama periode gated-off, MS akanmengurangi daya output rata-ratanya minimal 20 dB dari

    level daya rata-rata PCG.

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    12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    11 12 13 14 15

    12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15

    12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15

    12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15

    PreviousFrame

    192 bits (20 ms) = 192 x 3 code symbols = 576 symbols = 96modulation symbols 16 PCGs

    12 bits (1.25 ms) = 12 x 3 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6modulation symbols = 1 PCG

    PreviousFrame

    96 bits (20 ms) = 96 x 3 x 2 code symbols = 576 code symbols = 96modulation symbols 16 PCGs

    6 bits (1.25 ms) = 18 x 2 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6 modulationsymbols = 1 PCG

    48 bits (20 ms) = 48 x 3 x 4 code symbols = 576 code symbols = 96 modulationsymbols 16 PCGs

    3 bits (1.25 ms) = 9 x 4 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6 modulationsymbols = 1 PCG

    PreviousFrame

    PreviousFrame

    24 bits (20 ms) = 24 x 3 x 8 code symbols = 576 code symbols = 96 modulationsymbols 16 PCGs1.5 bits (1.25 ms) = 1.5 x 3 x 8 code symbols = 36 code symbols = 6

    modulation symbols = 1 PCG

    9600bps

    frame

    4800bpsframe

    2400bpsframe

    1200bpsframe

    The data burst randomizer pulse trainThe data burst randomizer pulse train

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    Call ProcessingCall Processing

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    Call ProcessingStates

    Call ProcessingStates

    MS Initialization State

    Dalam kondisi ini, MS memilih dan mendapatkansistem CDMA.

    MS Idle State

    Dalam kondisi ini, MS memonitor pesan-pesan yangterdapat pada Paging Channel.

    System Access State

    Dalam kondisi ini, MS mengirimkan pesan-pesan ke BSpada Access Channel

    MS Control on the Traffic Channel State

    Dalam kondisi ini, MS berkomunikasi dengan BS

    melalui Forward dan Reverse Traffic Channel.

    Terdiri dari kondisi-kondisi sebagai berikut :

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    Power Up

    Mobile Station

    Initialization

    State

    Mobile Station

    Access State

    Mobile Station

    Control on

    Traffic Channel

    State

    Initialization

    Task

    Mobile Station

    Idle State

    Begin analog

    mode operation

    End analog

    mode operation

    Mobile Station has fully

    acquired system timing

    Receives a paging channel

    message requiring ACK or

    response ; Or originate a

    call or performs registrstion

    Mobile unable to

    receive paging

    channel

    Receives an ACK to an access

    channel transmission other than

    an Origination Msg or a Page

    Response Message

    End use of

    traffic channel

    Directed to a

    Traffic channel

    Call ProcessingStates

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    Block Diagram of Call Processing

    PILOT AND SYNCH

    CHANNEL PROCESSING

    PAGING CHANNEL

    PROCESSING

    ACCESS CHANNEL

    PROCESSING

    TRAFFIC CHANNEL

    PROCESSING

    Base Station

    INITIALIZATION STATE

    IDLE STATE

    SYSTEM ACCESS

    STATE

    TRAFFIC CHANNEL

    STATE

    Mobile

    PILOT :

    POWER, PHASE, TIMING

    SYNCH CHANNEL

    MESSAGE

    OVERHEAD

    INFORMATION

    MOBILE DIRECTED

    MESSAGE

    RESPONSE ACCESS

    REQUEST ACCESS

    VOICE & MESSAGE

    Initialization

    Complete

    Base Station

    Access Required

    Call Set Up

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    Initialization State : Part 1

    SystemDetermination

    Substate

    Acquire pilot

    channel for theCDMA channel

    selected

    Has pilot been

    acquiredwithin T20m(=15 sec) ?

    1

    2

    No

    Yes

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    2

    Initialization State : Part 2

    Acquires Sync ChMessage

    Is a valid SyncCh Message

    receivedwithin T21m(=1) sec ?

    IsMOB_P_REVp MIN_P_REVr ?

    1

    Acquire timingand synchronizewith the system

    Idle State

    No

    No

    Yes

    Yes

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    MS IdleState

    Update OverheadInformation

    substate

    Page Responsesubstate

    Mobile StationOrder/Message

    Responsesubstate

    RegistrationAccess

    substate

    MS Origination

    Attemptsubstate

    MS Message Transmissionsubstate

    MS Controlon theTraffic

    Channel

    Enter Received pagemessage or slottedpage message

    Received message ororder requiring an ACKor response

    Registratio

    n access

    User

    initiated acall

    Usergenerateddata burstmessage

    System Access State

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    SystemAccess

    State

    Traffic ChannelInitialization Substate

    Waiting for Order Substate

    Waiting for MS AnswerSubstate

    Conversation Substate

    Release Substate

    System Determination

    Substate of the MSInitialization State

    MS originated call and MSreceives a BS ACK order on theFTC.

    Receives a maintenanceorder or an alert withinformation message

    Receives maintenanceorder

    MS user answercall

    MS user initiatesdisconnect or MSreceives releaseorder

    Receives alertwith informationmessage

    Receivesrelease order

    Receivesrelease

    order

    MS terminated call and MSreceives a BS ACK order on

    the FTC

    MS Control on the Traffic ChState

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    THANK YOUcomments please welcome

    THANK YOUcomments please welcome

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    PAGING CHANNEL LONG CODE MASKPAGING CHANNEL LONG CODE MASK

    1100011001101 00000 PCN 000000000000 PILOT-PN

    41 29 28 24 23 21 20 9 8 0

    PCN : Paging Channel Number

    PILOT-PN : Pilot sequence offset index for the forward CDMA Channel

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    FTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASKFTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASK

    1100011000 Permuted ESN

    41 32 31 0

    The bit allocation for ESNThe bit allocation for ESN31 24 23 18 17 0

    Electronic Serial Number (32 bits)

    Manufacturers Code

    8 bits

    Reserved

    6 bits

    Serial Number

    18 bits

    Permuted ESN :

    E0, E31, E22, E13, E4, E26, E17, E8, E30, E21, E12, E3, E25, E16,E7, E29, E20, E11, E2, E24, E15, E6, E28, E19, E10, E1, E23, E14,

    E5, E27, E18, E9

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    I(t)

    Q(t)

    0

    -1

    1

    0

    -

    1

    1

    t

    t

    0 0 0 0 0

    111

    0 0

    1 1 1 1 1

    0

    s(t)

    0

    -1

    1

    0(

    t)

    2

    -2

    The pilot channel QPSK waveform

    plot

    The pilot channel QPSK waveform

    plot

    (1,1)

    (-1,1)

    (1,-1)

    (-1,-1)

    (1,-1)

    (1,-1)

    (-1,1)

    (1,-1)

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    ACCESS CHANNEL LONG CODE MASKACCESS CHANNEL LONG CODE MASK

    1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ACN PCN BASE-ID PILOT-PN

    41 33 32 28 27 25 24 9 8 0

    ACN : Access Channel Number

    PCN : Paging Channel NumberBASE-ID : Base Station Identification

    PILOT-PN : Pilot sequence offset index for the forward CDMA Channel

    MSB LSB

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    RTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASKRTC PUBLIC LONG CODE MASK

    1100011000 Permuted ESN

    41 32 31 0

    The bit allocation for ESNThe bit allocation for ESN31 24 23 18 17 0

    Electronic Serial Number (32 bits)

    Manufacturers Code

    8 bits

    Reserved

    6 bits

    Serial Number

    18 bits

    Permuted ESN :

    E0, E31, E22, E13, E4, E26, E17, E8, E30, E21, E12, E3, E25, E16,E7, E29, E20, E11, E2, E24, E15, E6, E28, E19, E10, E1, E23, E14,