overview of bnl’s accelerator r&d program vitaly yakimenko april 18, 2006 doe annual high...
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Overview of BNL’s Accelerator R&D Program
Vitaly Yakimenko
April 18, 2006
DOE Annual High Energy Physics Program Review
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Vitaly Yakimenko (2/30)
Outline:Superconducting Magnet Division
(SMD) Peter Wonder
Advanced Accelerator R&D group Robert Palmer
Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) Vitaly Yakimenko
Accelerator R&D at C-AD
Vitaly Yakimenko (3/30)
HEP Superconducting Magnet Program
1. ILC Beam Delivery System R&D2. High Field Magnet R&D3. Superconducting Materials
Development4. LARP - Magnets
Vitaly Yakimenko (4/30)
ILC Final Focus Magnet R&D - FY06/07FY06 accomplishments:
Integrated design (beam optics + superconducting magnets) of 14 mrad IRSuccessful test of coil with active shielding of external magnetic fieldMeasured motion of a cold magnet at the sensitivity needed at the ILC IR.
QD0
SD0/OC0
QF1
SF1/OC1
QDEX1A
QDEX1BQFEX2A
Actively Shielded
Unshielded
Passively Shielded
IP14 mr
3.51 m
6.00 m
FY07 plans: Start 2m prototype magnet, continue beam optics work, continue vibration studies
Vitaly Yakimenko (5/30)
High Field Magnet R&DNb3Sn React-and-Wind Common Coil (twin-aperture, 4cm gap)
dipole completed and tested. Reached conductor limit, 10 T. React-and-wind can also be used for high temperature
superconductor.
Program terminated due to lack of funding
Vitaly Yakimenko (6/30)
Superconducting Materials Development
• Close collaboration with Materials Science Dept. and industry: materials expertise + magnet expertise
• Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) R&D
– Nb3Sn conductor development
– Leading LARP three-lab effort on Nb3Sn
– MgB2 wire development
• High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) R&D
– Bi-2223 tape and 2nd –generation YBCO tapes
• Strain sensitivity: Nb3Sn ≈ HTS Nb3Sn experience &
equipment useful with HTS.
Vitaly Yakimenko (7/30)
BNL LARP Magnet Program• GOAL: test Nb3Sn long racetrack coils and support structure input to LARP quadrupole design
• Collaboration: FNAL (manager) + LBNL ( support structure) + BNL (coils)
• STATUS: 30 cm racetrack coil + support structure ready to test
• Transfer of “wind and react” technology from LBNL to BNL
• PLANS:
• test 3.6 m coils and support structure – December 2006
• check effect of lengthening on coil, support structure
• test additional 3.6 m coil – September 2007
• check quad coil construction methods
Vitaly Yakimenko (8/30)
Summary• Magnet program well aligned with the National goals: ILC,
LARP. These elements receive direct programmatic funding.
• Distinguishing features of the program are:– Direct wind technique
– HTS development (mostly outside HEP in BES/NP)
– Materials expertise
– React-and-Wind Nb3Sn development
– Full length fabrication and testing
• Base program support continues to be reduced– High field magnet R&D terminated
– Cable testing terminated
Vitaly Yakimenko (9/30)
Advanced Accelerator R&D Group
Working on• Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider
collaboration (NFMCC):1. Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider R&D2. Liquid Target Experiment MERIT
• Non NFMCC Advanced Accelerator work3. Solid Target Radiation Studies4. Fixed Field alternating Gradient (FFAG)
Studies
Vitaly Yakimenko (10/30)
Advanced Accelerator R&D
Vitaly Yakimenko (11/30)
Advanced Accelerator R&D
Vitaly Yakimenko (12/30)
Neutrino Factory Design & Simulation (Part of NFMCC)
• Mainly part of International Scoping Study (ISS)– Comparison of Schemes – Only 201 MHz Study 2A achieves– 1021 mu decays per year goal
• ISS current leanings:– 201 MHz frequency OLD– Proton Energy 10 GeV NEW– 5 bunch proton train (0.5 µs sep)– to reduce loading and space charge problems NEW
Vitaly Yakimenko (13/30)
Liquid Target Experiment MERIT (Part of NFMCC)
• BNL,MIT,CERN,RAL,Princeton,Oak Ridge Collaboration Harold Kirk is one of two Spokespersons
• Will expose mercury Jet to CERN proton beam• Probably only practical target at 4 MW• BNL oversight of 15 T pulsed magnet acquisition Magnet now at MIT for testing - below right• Instrumentation Department building Optics system to observe mercury dispersion by beam
Vitaly Yakimenko (14/30)
Recent progress on MERIT
Vitaly Yakimenko (15/30)
Advanced Accelerator R&D
Vitaly Yakimenko (16/30)
Targetry R&D budget
• Liquid Target Studies $50K– Engineering Support
• Solid Target Studies $270K– Blip Beam Time– Hot Cell usage– Instrumentation– Materials– Horn/Target design
• Graduate Student $50K• Travel $30K
• Total $400KThe bulk of the resources is placed into our materials/irradiation studies.
Vitaly Yakimenko (17/30)
Advanced Accelerator R&D
Vitaly Yakimenko (18/30)
Advanced Accelerator R&D Summary
Vitaly Yakimenko (19/30)
BNL Accelerator Test Facility - ATF
The ATF is a proposal-driven, advisory committee reviewed USER FACILITY for long-term R&D into the Physics of Beams.
The ATF serves the whole community: National Labs, universities, industry and international collaborations.
ATF contributes to Education in Beam Physics. (~2 PhD / year)
In-house R&D on photoinjectors, lasers, diagnostics, computer control and more (~3 Phys. Rev. X / year)
Support from HEP and BES.
The ATF features: High brightness electron
gun 75 Mev Linac High power lasers beam-
synchronized at the picosec level (TW level CO2 laser)
4 beam lines + controls
Vitaly Yakimenko (20/30)
ATF Statistics
Run time: ~ 1000 hour / yearGraduated students: 22Current number of experiments: 14Staff members: 11, 1 visitorPhys Rev X: ~ 3 / year since 1995
ATF publications
05
1015202530354045
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
pu
bli
ca
tio
ns
ATF Experiments
0
5
10
15
20
Year
Num
ber
of
expe
rim
ents
ATF Graduating Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Year
Nu
mb
er
gra
du
ati
ng
p
er
year
an
d
cu
mu
lati
ve
Cumulative
Annual
Vitaly Yakimenko (21/30)
ATF Terawatt CO2 Laser Story (past and present)
1995 2000 2005 2010
InverseCherenkovaccelerato
rIFEL
accelerator
ThomsonX-ray
source
HGHG STELLA
Ion andProtonsource
ResonantPWA
SeededLWFA
LACARA
PASER
3 TW
300 GW
30 GW
3 GW
Nonlinear Thomsonscattering
EUV source
Vitaly Yakimenko (22/30)
Why we need better emittance
ICAIFEL
ThomsonX-ray
source
HGHG
1995 1998 2001 2004
STELLA
4 m
2 m
1 m
0.5 m
VISA
Dielectric WFA
Smith Purcell
experiment
Microbunchin
g
SASE @1m
Plasma WFA
To match laser accelerating or FEL beam and electron beam; or to transport through small (high frequency) accelerating channel
Vitaly Yakimenko (23/30)
Ion generation experiment
Vitaly Yakimenko (24/30)
Monochromatic beams with CO2 laser
Proton energy spectrum from a structured target. (a) Solid state laser with =1m. (b) CO2 laser with =10m. The CO2 laser produces a much narrower proton spectrum because of the narrower phase space fill.
Vitaly Yakimenko (25/30)
Plasma Wakefield experiments at ATF
• Multi-bunch Plasma Wakefield Acceleration at ATF, AE31. Spokepersons T. Katsouleas and P. Muggli, Univ. Southern California.
• Laser Wakefield Acceleration Driven by a CO2 Laser, AE32, Spokesperson W. Kimura, STI Optronics
• Ion Motion in Intense Beam-Driven Plasma Wakefield (UCLA, J. Rosenzweig)
• Plasma density measurement 1016-1019 by Stark broadening
Vitaly Yakimenko (26/30)
Beam splitting during compression
• Interaction of the Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) with the beam itself leads to energy modulation along the beam.
• It produces two distinct beams (due to two stages of compression: chicane and dog-leg) very useful for some experiments at ATF (two beam PWA).
• X band linac section is needed to deliver clean, low energy spread compressed beam to user experiments
• Structure is available, ATF has a spare modulator, SLAC needs $350K to manufacture X-band klystron for ATF
• Three experimental groups will immediately benefit.
ChicaneDog-leg
LinacExperimental beam line
Spectrometer
EE
~2%
~2%
x-band
Vitaly Yakimenko (27/30)
Optical Stochastic Cooling• It is feasible to cool gold and protons beams at
full energy in RHIC and possibly Pb at LHC with multistage optical amplifier.
• Optical parametric amplifier based on CaGeAs was suggested and experimentally tested at ATF
• Bypass experiment with electron beam at ATF – Will prove lattice control, optical amplifier and adequate
diagnostics– It is similar to previously successful at ATF staged laser
accelerator (STELLA and STELLA II) experiments.– requires dedicated manpower.
Pickup wiggler Kicker wiggler Diagnostic wiggler
Optical amplifier Micro-chicane
Bypass
Vitaly Yakimenko (28/30)
Polarized Positron Source (PPS) summary
• Compton back-scattering based PPS is a backup scheme for ILC and the only choice for CLIC
• We propose Compton-based PPS inside optical cavity of CO2 laser beam and 6 GeV e-beam produced by linac.
• The proposal utilizes commercially available units for laser and accelerator systems.
• The proposal requires high power picoseconds CO2 laser mode of operation developed at ATF. (ATF is the only facility in the world with operational Joule/picosecond CO2 laser system.)
• 3 year laser R&D is needed to verify laser operation in the non standard regime.
Vitaly Yakimenko (29/30)
Conclusion• The experimental program at ATF is strong, broad
and relevant to HEP• It is aimed at near, intermediate and long term
accelerator R&D:– Beam brightness, compression (LCLS)– Polarized Positron Source (ILC and CLIC) – Optical Stochastic Cooling (RHIC and LHC upgrade)– Beam and laser based Plasma Wakefield Accelerators
(PWA), ion movement in the PWA (ILC upgrade)– Laser based accelerators (post ILC)– Compact, high brightness laser based proton, ion and
neutron sources (medical applications, injector, security…)
• ATF plays important role in education of accelerator scientists
• The support and progress of the user experiments is seriously limited by the accelerator staff level
Vitaly Yakimenko (30/30)
Accelerator R&D at C-ADfrom V. Litvinenko (non HEP funding)
• High current super-conducting energy recovery linacs (ERL)
• High current super-conducting RF guns• Generation and transport of ultra-high brightness
electron beams in ERLs• Secondary emission (diamond) photo-cathodes• High energy electron cooling of ions and protons in
collider mode• Stochastic cooling of bunched beams• Development of polarized SRF electron gun (with MIT)• Development of FFAG (fixed-filed alternating-gradient)
accelerator lattices for protons and ions• Development of rapid cycling proton synchrotron for
medical applications