overview of building blocks of participation at the macro level parmesh shah participation...
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Overview of Building Blocks of Participation at the Macro Level
Parmesh ShahParticipation Coordinator
The World BankEmail:[email protected]
http://www.worldbank.org/participation
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Some key considerations for designing participatory processes at macro level
• Need to move from participation as an input to producing papers and documents to participation for achieving sustainable poverty reduction outcomes
• Participation is not an end in itself• Participatory processes are likely to be a
key link between intended strategies and effective outcomes
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Some key considerations for designing participatory processes at macro level
• Participatory processes are more critical during implementation and monitoring of strategies
• Participation should not be perceived and used as a conditionality but as an opportunity for achieving effective outcomes
• Participatory processes are adaptive, cyclical, incremental and iterative
• Institutional mechanisms to anchor and backstop participatory approaches, e.g. UPPAP, Public Affairs Center, IDASA.
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• FORMULATIONFORMULATION
EVALUATION EVALUATION IMPACT IMPACT ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION
Analytical / Diagnostic Preparatory Work
Formal Approval
PRS
CYCLE
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What is participation?
Participation is the process through which stakeholders influence and share control over priority setting, policy-making, resource allocations and access to public goods and services.
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The Building Blocks of Participation
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Building Blocks for Participation in the PRSP
• Poverty reduction actions--- Poverty diagnostics
• Public Action Choices --- Public Expenditure Management
• Policy Choices--- Macroeconomic reform
• Poverty reduction outcomes--- Monitoring implementation and results of policies
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Outcomes – Poverty Diagnostics (Based On Use Of Participatory Approaches)
• Choice of poverty actions based on specific concerns of the poor including vulnerability, insecurity and governance
• Integration of quantitative and qualitative aspects of poverty actions in defining specific interventions in PRS
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Outcomes – Poverty Diagnostics (contd.)
• Civic engagement and participatory processes which enable poor communities and their institutions to participate effectively in poverty diagnosis, analysis and monitoring.
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Use of Participatory Poverty Diagnostics and Analysis: Some examples
Stable income generating opportunities related to non-farm sector for small landholders and landless in the Mekong delta in Vietnam
Increasing credit for agricultural production for women producers in Uganda
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Use of Participatory Poverty Diagnostics and Analysis: Some examples (contd.)
Communal livestock management systems and micro insurance in view of rapid depletion of livestock related assets and livelihoods in rural Mongolia
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Outcomes – Public Expenditure Management
• Accountable, transparent and efficient resource allocation, expenditures and service delivery
• Civic engagement in budgeting, expenditure tracking and monitoring service delivery
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Outcomes – Public Expenditure Management (contd.)
• Increased ability of communities and their organizations to participate in budgeting processes, expenditure tracking and monitoring quality,quantity and effectiveness of service delivery
• Demystification of budgets and analysis to enable information exchange and discussions in parliament, media and civil society
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PARTICIPATORY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT
Performance Performance MonitoringMonitoring
Budget Budget Expenditure Expenditure MonitoringMonitoring
Budget Budget Formulation/ReviewFormulation/Review
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Strategies to Exert Accountability in Managing
Public Expenditure
Participatory budget formulation/review Public Expenditure tracking Citizen report cards and surveys to
client feedback on public services Public feedback mechanisms Community/citizen monitoring of public
projects/expenditures/over-all performance
Public disclosure initiatives
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Improving Public Services – Citizen Report Cards, Bangalore (India)
Determine user perceptions on the quality, efficiency and adequacy of public services
Create a ‘report card’ that rates the performance of all major public service providers
Disseminate ‘report cards’ to the public and the rated agencies
Mobilize citizen and government support for exerting accountability
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Outcomes – Macroeconomic policy formulation & reform
• Multi-stakeholder institutional arrangements and consensus in key areas of policy formulation and implementation
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Outcomes – Macroeconomic policy formulation & reform (contd.)
• Development of mechanisms for negotiation and rules of engagement between key stakeholder groups.
• Demystification of the macro policy issues in terms of specific issues impacting various stakeholders and disseminating information more widely and publicly to enable participation and civic engagement
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Multi-stakeholder social partnership forum in Ireland
Negotiated process over 5 yrs to evolve consensus on key elements of fiscal and monetary policy (e.g. Budget deficits, wage rates, social sector spending and safety nets)
Key Impacts- Movement from budget deficit to surplus- Increased participation of civil society in
economic decision making
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Outcomes – Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation
• Development of feedback mechanisms and participatory monitoring systems which enable citizens and key stakeholders within the government to monitor key poverty actions, public actions and outcomes as a part of PRS formulation and implementation
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Outcomes – Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (contd.)
A citizen report card on PRS performance and implementation and mechanisms to incorporate citizen feedback in adaptation and improvement of the PRS (increased citizen empowerment)
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Aspects of the Participation in PRSP
1. Intra-governmental Participation
Finance & Economic Ministry <--> Line Ministries
Parliament <---> Public services
National government <---> Local government
2. Civic engagement at national level
3. Civic engagement at local level