OVERVIEW OF COCONUT INDUSTRY

Dr. D. L. MaheswarVice-Chancellor,

University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India

NATURAL HABITATION OF COCONUT PALM

ROOT SYSTEM• Adventitious root system

produced from the base of the

trunk (bole).• No taproot or root hairs but has

lots of primary roots with large

quantities of rootlets.

• The main root branches grow

deeper and may extend laterally

to as much as 10 m.

COCONUT TRUNK

• The ground parenchyma has mainly a storage function and contains starch among other things.

• Stem density decreases towards the centre of the stem, and over stem height.

Cross Section of Stem  

• Vascular fibre bundles contain xylem and phloem vessels

• Monoceious with male and

female flowers on the same

plant

• 34 months for the inflorescence

to develop (from initiation to

opening)

• 12 months for nut maturity

after pollination and

fertilization

• Botanically fruit is DRUPE.

Coconut Inflorescence

COCONUT FLOWERS

HEALTH BENEFITS• High in Dietary Fiber

• Low Glycemic Index (GI)

• Coconut contains no Trans-Fats, Gluten-Free,

Non-Toxic, Hypoallergenic

• Food Security & Livelihood

Opportunities

• World Area - 12.1 million ha

• Production – 69836.36 million Nuts

• Grown in 93 Countries

GLOBAL SCENARIO OF COCONUT

AREA & PRODUCTIVITY OF COCONUT IN MAJOR GROWING COUNTRIES - 2014

 Sl No. Countries AREA ('000

Hectares)   Productivity

(Nuts/ha)1 Brazil 251 116302 India 1975.81 114193 Vietnam 159 78344 Papua New Guinea 221 67105 Mexico 169 66206 Srilanka 440 65237 Thailand 206 48598 Indonesia 3610 45309 Others 1534.19 433810 Tanzania 128 426411 Philippines 3502 4196  World Total 12196.00 10345

INDIAN COCONUT SCENARIO• Grown in 19 States & 3 UT’s• Largest Producer in the World • Area – 1.9 Million ha• Production – 24397.50 Million Nuts• Average yield : 80 Nuts/Palm/Year• GDP Contribution – Rs.20000 Crores• 98 % SF & MF

2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

2008-2009

2009-2010

2010-2011

2011-2012

2012-2013

2013-2014

2014-2015

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1946

.8

1936

.8

1903

.19

1894

.57

1895

.2

1895

.9

2070

.7

2136

.67

2140

.5

1975

.81

1481

1.1

1584

0.4

1474

3.56

1572

9.75

1691

8.4

1694

2.91

9999

9999

2335

1.22

2268

0.03

2166

5.19 24

397.

5

Area ('000 ha)Production (Million nuts)

TREND IN AREA AND PRODUCTION OF COCONUT IN INDIA

All India Area & Productivity of Coconut 2014-15

 Sl No.

States /Union Territories

AREA ('000 ha)   

Productivity (Nuts/ha)

1 Tamil Nadu 465.11 148732 Andhra Pradesh 105.99 138083 West Bengal 29.41 126574 Karnataka 515.03 99825 Gujarat 31.63 93286 others 52.31 86827 Kerala 649.85 75358 Maharashtra 28.1 66709 Odisha 50.68 6411

10 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 21.91 5923

11 Goa 25.79 4952  All India 1975.81 11419

COCONUT STATUS IN MAJOR GROWING STATES

 Sl No. States AREA

% ShareProduction

% ShareProductivity

(Nuts/ha)

1 Kerala 37.40 25.60 75352 Karnataka 24.00 26.70 99823 Tamil Nadu 21.80 30.50 14873

4 Andhra Pradesh 6.00 8.50 13808

5 Others 0.11 0.09 9177Total 100.00 100.00 11419

• Rainfed Condition - 1.30 : 1

• Irrigated Condition – 1.75 : 1

BENEFIT: COST RATIO

CONVERSION RATES FOR COCONUT PRODUCTS Product (Output ) Raw Mateiral (Inputs)

1 MT of Copra 7,000 coconuts1 MT of Coconut Oil 1,560 kg copra / 11,000 nuts

1 MT of Desiccated Coconut 10,000 coconuts 1 MT of Coconut Chips 10,000 coconuts1 MT of Coconut Milk

Powder10,000 coconuts

1 MT of Virigin Coconut oil 16,666 coconuts 1 MT of Coconut Shell

Powder12,000 coconut shells

1 MT of Coconut Shell Charcoal

30,000 coconuts shells

1 MT of Activated Carbon 90,000 coconuts shells / 3 MT of coconut shell charcoal

Export of Coconut Products from India 2015-16

Sl No.

Item Quantity ( in MT) Value (Rs. In Lakhs)

1 Activated Carbon 61212.58 63208.132 Coconut Fatty Soap - 3177.063 Hair Cream - 1121.334 Coconut Oil 8549.97 17540.305 Coconut Water - 728.536 Copra 6749.21 5292.617 Desiccated Coconut 4260.97 5260.618 Dry Coconut 18303.04 17846.799 Fresh Coconut 39800.46 14960.5210 Grated/Sliced Coconut 2163.52 3916.2611 Oval Coconut Shell 1630.26 913.6412 Shell Charcoal 7565.85 2511.5213 VCO 818.33 2622.5014 Misc. Coconut

Products- 5924.59

Total 151054.19 145024.38

CONSUMPTION OF COCONUTState Rural Urban

Andhra Pradesh

0.27 0.33

Karnataka 1.19 1.16Kerala 5.03 5.02Tamil Nadu 1.36 1.42India 0.35 0.47Per Capita Per Month in Numbers

DEMAND FOR COCONUT - 2050• Country’s Projected population -162

Crores

• Predicted coconut demand – 4500 Crore

nuts

• Projected supply – 3600 Crore nuts

• Demand-supply gap – 900 Crore nuts

• To meet the demand, the annual growth

rate in production should be 3.20 per cent

STRENGTH OF INDIAN COCONUT INDUSTRY

• 3000 Years Tradition in Coconut Cultivation

• Grown in 19 States & 3 UT’s• Produces 24397.50 Million Nuts/Annum• Premier Coir Manufacturer• Best Grade Milling Copra & High Grade

Coconut Oil• Large Number of Govt. Agencies,

Research Organizations, Co-operative Societies, Private Firms

• Wide Range of Coconut Products• Good Cultivars / Varieties

DWARF CULTIVARS

Kalpa Sree

TALL CULTIVARS

Kalpa Dhenu Kalpa Pratibha Kalpa Mitra

Chandra Kalpa Kera Chandra Kalpa Tharu

HYBRIDIZATIONEmasculation Emasculated

inflorescence

Bagged inflorescence

Dusting of pollen grainsFruit set

Pollen extraction

Hybrid Cultivars

Kalpa Sreshta (MYD x TPT)

Chandra Sankara (COD x WCT)

Kera Sankara (WCT X COD)

Chandra Laksha (LCT X COD)

Kalpa Samrudhi (MYDxWCT)

Kalpa Sankara (CGDxWCT)

Variety Recommended States

West Coast TallKerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Andaman & Nicobar, Gujarat, Lakshadweep & Pondicherry

East Coast Tall Odisha, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya & Tripura

Tiptur Tall Karnataka

Andaman Ordinary Kerala & Andaman & Nicobar

Gangabondam Andhra Pradesh

Chowghat Green DwarfKerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar, West Bengal, Goa, Gujarat, Assam, Bihar & Maharashtra

East Coast Tall Odisha, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya & Tripura

Malayan Orange Dwarf Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar, & West Bengal

Malayan Green Dwarf Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha & West Bengal

COCONUT VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR DIFFERENT STATES

COCONUT VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR DIFFERENT STATES

Variety Recommended States(Released from CPCRI, Kasargod)

Kalpa Pratibha Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra & Tamil Nadu

Kalpa Dhenu Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu & Andaman & Nicobar

Kalpa Mitra Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu & West bengal

Kalparaksha KeralaKalpa Samrudhi Kerala & Assam

Kalpa Sankara Kerala

Kalpasree Kerala

Kalpatharu Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil Nadu

Chandra Kalpa Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala & Karnataka

Variety Recommended States(Released from CPCRI, Kasargod)

Kera Chandra Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh & West bengal

Chowghat Orange Dwarf

Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar, West Bengal, Goa, Gujarat, Assam, Bihar & Maharashtra

Kera Sankara Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra & Karnataka

Chandra Sankara Kerala, Karnataka & Tamil Nadu

Chandra Laksha Kerala, Lakshadweep & Karnataka

Kera Chandra Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh & West bengal

Chowghat Orange Dwarf

Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Andaman & Nicobar, West Bengal, Goa, Gujarat, Assam, Bihar & Maharashtra

Kera Sankara Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra & Karnataka

COCONUT VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR DIFFERENT STATES

SUBSIDIARY CROPS IN COCONUT• Tuber crops - Tapioca, elephant foot yam, sweet potato, colocasia, greater yam, lesser yam • Fruit crops - Banana and pineapple• Vegetables - Chilly, potato • Spices - Ginger and turmeric • Flower crops - Orchid, anthurium• Medicinal and aromatic plants Lemon grass, Kacholam, Diascorea, Arrowroot, Sida, long

pepper, Neelaamari, Adapathiyan.• Perennial crops - Cocoa, Clove, nutmeg, cinnamon,

pepper, Betel vine• Cereals - Rice, Maze, finger millet, pearl millet • Pulses - Cowpea, black gram, green gram

HIGH DENSITY MULTISPECIES CROPPING SYSTEM (HDMSCS)

COCONUT PLANTATION

Canal side plantingHome side planting

PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION & VALUE ADDITION

• Value Added Products of Fresh Coconut

• Products of Tender Coconut Water

• Products of Water of Matured Coconut

• Production of Copra & Coconut Oil

• Coconut Sap based Products

• Products from Coconut Shell & Husk

POPULAR COCONUT PRODUCTS IN THE MARKET

COCONUT NEERA - THE HIDDEN UNEXPLORED

TREASURE• Neera is a sap collected every

morning just at sunrise from the cut flower of the palm.

• The white liquid that initially collects tends to be very sweet and non- alcoholic.

• Neera is brought down from the top of the tree in either earthen pots or vessels, and then poured into stainless steel containers and bigger vessels, after being filtered through a fine mesh cloth or wire-mesh.

• Neera is the constituents of a cool and healthy drink with food and mineral value and keeps the human system cool and improves digestion.

UHS Technical Projects1 Conservation and evaluation of coconut genetic resources in

different Agro-climatic regions2 Evaluation of coconut hybrids in different agro climatic

regions3 Establishment of mother blocks and production of quality

planting material in coconut4 Development of coconut based integrated cropping system

models for different agro-climatic regions.5 Development of Coconut - Livestock integrated farming

system models6 Coconut based cropping systems for different agro-climatic

regions7 Soil and nutrient management in coconut8 Survey and surveillance on diseases of coconut9 Basal stem rot disease

10 Stem bleeding and Bud rot diseases11 Leaf blight disease of coconut12 Pest surveillance in coconut13 Evaluation of botanical cake and paste for the management

of rhinoceros beetle infesting juvenile palms14 Integrated management of coconut eriophyid mite15 Production and supply of parasitoids16 Integrated management of slug caterpillar

17. Statistical survey for yield estimation of Coconut in Karnataka

18. Management of coconut black headed caterpillar in central dry zone of Karnataka.

19. Monitoring of insect pests of coconut and documentation of insect out-burst if any.

20. Evaluation of coconut varieties for Northern Dry Zone (Zone–III)

UHS Technical ProjectsContd…..

MOISTURE CONSERVATION METHODS

Micro irrigation

Irrigation method

Water (l/plant/yr)

% Saving

Flood Basin

Flood irrigation 50283 - -

Basin irrigation 8898 76 -

Drip irrigation 5694 85 36

COCONUT HARVEST

Harvesting by Tree Climber

Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros)

Red palm weevil: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Black headed caterpillar: Opisina arenosella

Coconut eriophyid mite (Aceria guerreronis)

BUD ROT: Phytophthora palmivora

STEM BLEEDING DISEASE: Thielaviopsis paradoxa

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

BIOCONTROL TECHNOLOGIES• PGPRs for coconut• Bioagent- Oryctes

Baculovirus against Rhinoceros Beetle.

• Bioagents - Goniozus nephantidis and Bracon brevicornis against coconut black headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella.

Coconut De-Shelling Machine

KADAMBA COCONUT DE-SHELLING MACHINE

DISTRESS SURVEY

RECOMMENDATIONS• Coconut based farming system• Creation of water harvesting

structures• Adoption of IPM and INM

measures • Adoption of Coconut Palm

Insurance Scheme (CPIS)

Rejuvenation of Existing Coconut Palms

• Balanced Nutrition Through Fertilizer Application

• Soil Moisture Conservation• Growing of Green Manure Cover Crops• Application of Organic Manure Including

Enriched Organics• Need Based Plant Protection Measures• Regulation of Shade & Maintaining Optimum

Palm Population• Promotion of Inter/Mixed cropping• Community based Operations

Major Issues of Coconut Industry1. Non-remunerative yield and income

2. Poor management and senile plantations

3. Adverse climatic aberrations

4. Conversion of coconut farms to other crops

5. Urbanization to hamper crop expansion

6. Scarcity of skilled labour

7. Low & fluctuating price of coconut products

8. Inadequate pests and diseases management

9. Policy for comprehensive R & D support

UNDER PLANTING

WORLD COCONUT DAYSeptember 2

New Initiatives in Indian Coconut Industry• Strengthening of FPOs

• Group approach – Productivity Improvement

• Rejuvenation & Replanting in a Phased Manner

• Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme

• Skill Development – Farmers of Coconut Tree &

Neera Technicians

• Diversified Value Added Products

• New product basket

• New marketing strategies

Farmer Producer Organizations

States

Coconut Producer societies

(CPS)

Coconut Producer

Federations (CPF)

Coconut Producer

Companies (CPC)

Kerala 6153 345 19

Tamil Nadu 283 45 0

Karnataka 368 76 4Andhra Pradesh 440 24 2

Odisha 1 0 0

West Bengal 10 0 0

Total 7255 490 25

FPO – GROUP DISCUSSION

GOI Schemes for promotion of Coconut 1. Production & Distribution of Planting Material2. Expansion of Area under Coconut3. Integrated Farming for Productivity

Improvement4. Technology Demonstration5. Market Promotion & Statistics6. Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS)7. Information and Information Technology8. Human Resource Development9. Financial assistance under Technology Mission10.Replanting & Rejuvenation of coconut

gardens in traditional States in India

E- PROCUREMENT MARKETING AT TIPTUR

Need of the Hour• Good Price for Coconut Products

• Information on New Value Added

Products

• Collective Selling of Produces

• Timely Availability of Market Data & Price

Data

• Promoting Tender Nut sale

Financial Comparison of Deejay Hybrids Palms and Regular Tall

PalmsParticulars Deejay Hybrid Regular Tall 

Year of first yielding 

3rd Year 7th Year

Expenses per acre up to first yield

1.20 1.55

Income by 5th year of planting

3.25NIL

Income by 10th year of planting

12.00 1.23

Net Profit / (Loss) by the 10th year

 8.60 0.99

Net profit per year after stabilization

1.50 0.22

Cum. Net Profit for 50yrs

69.00(46Yrs x 1.5 L)

9.02(41Yrs x 0.22

L)

Revenues / Acre

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