overview of developmentally disabled
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Overview of Developmental Overview of Developmental DisabilitiesDisabilities
TPS Core TPS Core CompetencyCompetency
TrainingTraining
DefinitionDefinition
• Developmental Disability means a severe, chronic disability caused by mental or physical impairment (or combination) appearing before age 22. The disability is likely to continue indefinitely and causes “substantial functional limitation” in at least 3 of the following life activities:
DefinitionDefinition
Self-care Receptive
and expressive language
Independent Living
Learning Mobility Self-
direction Economic
self-sufficiency
DefinitionDefinition
• People with a developmental disability, as defined by N.C., “need a combination and sequence of special interdisciplinary, or generic care, treatment, or other services” that last a long time (or a lifetime) and are planned just for the person.
DefinitionDefinition
• In addition, the state of N.C. includes persons with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) if the resulting disability is significant enough.
• In other words, if someone older than 21 has a head injury resulting in disabilities substantial enough to qualify, that person is eligible to receive services from the DD service system.
Types of developmental Types of developmental disabilitiesdisabilities
• Mental Retardation
• Cerebral Palsy• Genetic
syndromes (like Downs)
• Autism• Epilepsy• Rhett’s disorder
CausesCauses
Causes of developmental disabilities can be grouped
into three categories, as happening:
Before Birth During Birth or, After Birth
Causes - Before BirthCauses - Before Birth
Illness General health of the motherMaternal smoking, drinking, or
drug useGeneticsToxic chemicals Individual chromosome problems
Causes - During BirthCauses - During Birth
Lack of oxygenLow birth weightPremature birthDifficult deliveries
Causes - After BirthCauses - After Birth
AccidentsLead, or other, chemical
poisoningPoor nutrition
Causes - continuedCauses - continued
* Sometimes the cause of a developmental disability is not known.
* Developmental disabilities can happen in any family.
* No one exactly fits any one type of disability, and some people fit into more than one.
People with Mental People with Mental RetardationRetardation
learn more slowly have difficulty remembering
what’s been learned have difficulty taking what’s
been learned in one place to new or different settings
think in more concrete ways continue to learn/develop all
through life
Levels of Mental Levels of Mental RetardationRetardation
•Mild•Moderate•Severe•Profound
• Different levels mean different types of assistance needed
• MR is not mental illness
• But some people do have MR and MI
Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy
• Injury to the part of the brain that controls physical movement
• Can happen before, during, or after birth
• Is not a disease• Often results in awkward
movements, poor balance, and/or unusual walk and speech
AutismAutism
The causes of autism are not understood, some studies show it may be genetic.
People with autism have a hard time making friends, communicating, and accepting changes.
Some people with autism also have mental retardation and/or mental illness.
EpilepsyEpilepsy
Occurs when there is a change in how the electrical system in the brain works.
These changes are called seizures. Any brain irritation can cause a seizure, but for most people who have had a seizure (2/3), only one will occur throughout life.
Recurring seizures define the condition called epilepsy.
EpilepsyEpilepsy
Some people with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, or autism may also have epilepsy.
Seizures have many forms - altered consciousness, confusion, sensations of smell, taste, or vision.
Convulsions can be scary, caused by strong jerking/spasms of muscles.
Remember...Remember...We are hired to assist people to be -
Independent... to choose and do what they wish, with whomever, wherever they wish.
Productive...as a worker, citizen, partner. Included...in work, social, political,
religious and family networks. Integrated...into the regular fabric of life. -no matter the type or extent of
disability.
Move on to Defensive DrivingMove on to Defensive Driving
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