overview of ieee 802.16 / wimax

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Overview ofIEEE 802.16 / WiMAX

Presented byDr. Sim Moh Lim

[email protected]


Agenda

• Part 1: Overview of WiMax (2h)– Overview of the WiMax.– History & Evolution– Spectrum– Network architectures– Current status and future trend


Overview


WIMAX / IEEE 802.16• WIMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability

for Microwave Access as defined by WiMax Forum

WiMAX networks refer to broadband wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment

The IEEE 802.16 standards define how wireless traffics move between subscriber equipment and core networks

Source: SHASHI JAKKU


• Subsystems:– A WiMAX tower

• similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area as big as ~8,000 square km.

– A WiMAX client terminal • The terminal receiver and antenna could be a small box or Personal

Computer Memory card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today

• Range: 50km from base station• Speed: 70 Megabits per second• Frequency bands: 2 to 11 and 10 to 66 (licensed and

unlicensed bands)• IEEE 802.16 standards define both MAC and PHY layers and

allow multiple PHY layer specifications

WIMAX System: General Features


IEEE 802.16 Specifications

• 802.16a– Uses the licensed frequencies from 2 to 11 GHz;

supports Mesh network• 802.16b

– Increase spectrum to 5 and 6 GHz– Provides QoS( for real time voice and video

service)• 802.16c

– Spectrum from 10 to 66GHz

• 802.16d (d = a+b+c)– Improvement and fixes for 802.16a

• 802.16e-2005– Addresses on Mobile– Enable high-speed signal handoffs

necessary for communication with users moving at vehicular speeds

• A family of standards for broadband wireless access



802.16e Compatibility with 16d

Service Specific Convergence Sub LayerService Specific Convergence Sub Layer

MAC Common Part & Security Sub LayersMAC Common Part & Security Sub Layers

PHY LayerPHY Layer

Security/Privacy Key, AES, EAP

Security/Privacy Key, AES, EAP HandoffHandoff

Bandwidth ManagementBandwidth

ManagementConnection

ManagementConnection

Management

Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle

Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle

IPIPPacket

ClassifierPacket

ClassifierEthernetEthernet ATMATM Header Suppression

Header Suppression

ARQARQ

PDU Generation

PDU Generation

PDU Reassembly

PDU ReassemblyNet EntryNet Entry

PHY Burst SchedulingPHY Burst Scheduling

SC 10-66GHz

SC 10-66GHz

SCa 2-11GHz

SCa 2-11GHz

OFDM 2-11GHz 256FFTOFDM

2-11GHz 256FFTOFDMA

2-11GHz 2048FFTOFDMA

2-11GHz 2048FFTOFDMA 2-11GHz

128, 256, 512,1024, 2048OFDMA 2-11GHz

128, 256, 512,1024, 2048

802.16d802.16d 802.16e802.16e

802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16 Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource

management

Source: BeyondSpot Technology


Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

• Multiplexing technique that divides the channel into multiple orthogonal subchannels

• Input data stream is divided into several substreams of a lower data rate (increased symbol duration) and each substream is modulated and simultaneously transmitted on a separate subchannel with carrier orthogonal to each other

• High spectral efficiency, resilient to interference, and low multi-path distortion

FDM OFDM

OFDM is more spectral efficient as compared to FDM (allows more transmission channels)


WiMAX Forum

• Is an industry group founded in April 2001– Consists of services providers, manufacturers, and

related companies that have joined together to promote the family of technologies based upon the IEEE 802.16 standard

– Ensure interoperability of IEEE 802.16* and other interoperable (ETSI HiperMAN*) systems

– Equivalent in purpose to Wi-Fi Alliance for IEEE 802.11• Develop Conformance Test Specifications• Host interoperability events

– Provide WiMAX-Certified stamp of approval


Players in WiMAX Forum WiMAX Forum has >500

members (530 as at 26/11/08) WiMAX members represent over

75% of current 2-11 GHz BWA equipment sales!

And a lot more…..And a lot more…..Source: WiMAx Forum


WiMAX and IEEE 802.16• “WiMAX” is a subset of IEEE 802.16

– No new features can be added

• Mandatory features in 802.16 are mandatory in WiMAX, if included

• Optional features in 802.16 may be optional, mandatory or not included

IEEE 802.16 World

Mobile WiMAX - OFDMA

Fixed WiMAX – 256 OFDM

WiBro

Source: WiMAx Forum


MODES OF OPERATION

• WiMax can provide 2 forms of wireless service:– Non-LOS

• Wi-Fi sort of service, where a small antenna on a computer connects to the tower.

• Uses lower frequency range (2 to 11 GHz). – LOS

• where a fixed antenna points straight at the WiMax tower from a rooftop or pole.

• The LOS connection is stronger and more stable: higher throughput.

• Uses higher frequencies: reaching a possible 66 GHz.• Through stronger LOS antennas, higher range can be

achieved: up to 50km radius.


Broadband Usage Scenarios

• Fixed wireless access (FWA)– Wireless access application in which the

location of the end-user termination and the network access point to be connected to the end-user are fixed.

• Backhaul for business• Consumer last mile

• Nomadic wireless access (NWA)– Wireless access application in which the

location of the end-user termination may be in different places but it must be stationary while in use.

• Mobile wireless access (MWA)– Wireless access application in which the

location of the end-user termination is mobile.

INTERNETINTERNETBACKBONEBACKBONE

Telco Core Telco Core Network or Network or

Private (Fiber) Private (Fiber) NetworkNetwork

Non Line of SightNon Line of SightPoint to MultiPoint to Multi--pointpoint

802.16802.16

802.16802.16

Line of Sight Line of Sight BACKHAULBACKHAUL

FRACTIONAL E1/T1 for SMALL

BUSINESS

802.11

E1/T1+ LEVELSERVICE ENTERPRISE

Laptop ConnectedThrough 802.16

802.16 PC 802.16 PC CardCard

Source: WiMAx Forum


Types of access supported by WiMax

Source: WiMax Forum


History & Evolution


Why (earlier) BWA solutions have not taken off?

Wireless Solutions Before WiMax: Proprietary, vertical solutions

No volume silicon market – lack economies of scale Lack of global spectrum

Service Providers

System Design & Architecture

Custom MAC

Custom Radio

Custom, 802.11 or DOCSIS PHY

Network Software

System Integration

Eq

uip

men

t M

frs

Focu

s

1980s 1990s 2000

Vo

lum

e

Ethernet

2010

Economies of scale as WiMax is an open standard solution

Source: WiMAx Forum


802.16 Standard History

20062006

802.16a Fixed 802.16a Fixed Broadband Broadband

Wireless Standard Wireless Standard for 2-11 GHz Non-for 2-11 GHz Non-

LOS SystemsLOS Systems((Inactive)

65 members65 members19991999 20022002

20032003

20042004

20052005

802.16c System Profiles 802.16c System Profiles for 10-66 GHz LOS for 10-66 GHz LOS

SystemsSystems(Inactive)(Inactive)

530530

Mem

bers

hip

Time

IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.16 Working Working

Group StartedGroup Started

55 members55 members

802.16e 802.16e Combined Fixed Combined Fixed

and Mobile and Mobile Amendment Amendment

for <11 GHz for <11 GHz Licensed Licensed SystemsSystems

(Formally approved (Formally approved in December 2005)in December 2005)

802.16 Fixed 802.16 Fixed Broadband Wireless Broadband Wireless Standard for 10-66 Standard for 10-66 GHz LOS SystemsGHz LOS Systems

((Inactive)

802.16-2004 Fixed 802.16-2004 Fixed Broadband Wireless Broadband Wireless

StandardStandard (Revised : Covers <11 GHz NLOS (Revised : Covers <11 GHz NLOS

& 10-66 GHz LOS Systems)& 10-66 GHz LOS Systems)

20082008

343 343 membersmembers

Source: Intel & WiMax Forum


WiMax Spectrum


Global spectrum bands• WiMax Forum is focusing on 3 spectrum bands for global deployment:• Unlicensed 5 GHz:

– Includes bands between 5.25 and 5.85 GHz. In the upper 5 GHz band (5.725 – 5.850 GHz) many countries allow higher power output (4 Watts) that makes it attractive for WiMax applications.

– Unlicensed fixed outdoor services• Licensed 3.5 GHz:

– Bands between 3.4 and 3.6 GHz have been allocated for BWA in majority of countries.

– Explicitly allow Nomadic use in Fixed Wireless spectrum to support indoor modems and laptops

• Licensed 2.5 GHz: – The bands between 2.5 and 2.6 GHz have been allocated in the US,

Mexico, Brazil and in some SEA countries. In US this spectrum is licensed for MDS and ITFS.

– New mobile services model and can address the broadband digital divide.


Licensed vs. License-Exempt Solutions

Licensed Solution License-Exempt Solution

FDD TDD

Better QoS Fast Rollout

Better NLOS reception at lower frequencies

Lower Costs

Higher barriers for entrance

More worldwide options


•WiMax Network Architectures


Wimax Network System Architecture

CSN: Connectivity Service Network ASN: Access Service NetworkNSP: Network Service ProviderNAP: Network Access ProviderHA: Home Agent, FA: Foreign AgentAAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting

ASN

ASN GW(FA)

HAHA

BS BS BS

MS

ASN GW(FA)

NSP

NAP

Home CSN Visited CSN

AAA

BS

BS

BS

Mesh

P2MP or P2P


802.16 Network Architectures Point-to-Point (P2P)

Architecture BS to BS

P2MP Architecture BS serves several

Subscriber Stations (SS)

Provides SS with first mile access to Public Networks

Mesh Architecture Optional architecture

for WiMAX

P2P

INTERNET

Telco Core

Network

P2MP



Key Goals for Network Architecture

• Should support a common evolution path from fixed to portable to mobile

• Support of IP infrastructure and a single topology to handle both packet voice and packet data efficiently– Should handle IP multicast to the cell-edge for efficient

operations• Network Architecture should allow

– Lower Latency– Higher data throughput

• Future Investment Protection– Support Radio Evolution and/or multiple radio types

• Build a mobile device model and network architecture that is much less expensive


Current & Future


Current Status

Source: Intel, the WiMAX Forum

• More Than 350 Operator Trials and Deployments in 65+ countries!

• List of operators – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Deployed_WiMAX_networks


Current Status - Malaysia• Existing fixed wireless BB licensed operators in WiMax

bands– 2.5 GHz (TM, Airzed, AtlasOne, EB Tech, Jaring Comm,

TTDotCom, Maxis)– 3.5 GHz (Airzed, Maxis, Nasioncom, TM, EB Tech, AtlasOne)

• 4 new players awarded 2.3GHz WiMax licenses, March 2007– Asiaspace: 2300 – 2330 (Peninsular)– Bizsurf (50% assoc of YRL e-solution): 2330 – 2360 (Peninsular)– MIB (55% sub of Green Packet): 2360 – 2390 (Peninsular)

• Aug 08: Packet One Networks launched its WiMax service in Klang Valley. Used Alcatel-Lucent equipment.

• 1.2Mbps (RM99) – 2.4Mbps (RM229)– Redtone-CNX : 2375-2400 (East M’sia)

• Aug 08: Redtone launched its WiMax network in Kota Kinabalu. Used Motorola equipment.


4G (beyond 3G) / IMT Advanced • 4G, a term used to describe the next complete evolution

in wireless communications, – is being developed to accommodate the quality of service (QoS)

and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications for "anytime-anywhere".

• The 4G working group has defined the following as objectives of the 4G wireless communication standard:– A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves

at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions

– Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks– Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple

networks– High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real

time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc) – An all IP, packet switched network.


Wireless Broadband Evolution to 4G

1G

802.11a/b/g

Cellular

Wireless LAN

Broadband Wireless

Mobile Broadband

4G• OFDM Based, • MIMO, All-IP • Core

LTE(2009)

2G3G,

HSDPA, HSUPA,HSPA

802.16e802.16d 802.16m

LTE advanced

802.16REV 2(2009)

802.11n(2009)


Standard Family Radio Tech Downlink

(Mbps) Uplink (Mbps)

Notes

WiBro WiBro OFDMA 50 50 Mobile range (900 m)

802.16e WiMAX MIMO-SOFDMA 70 70 Quoted speeds only achievable at very short ranges, more practically 10 Mbit/s at 10 km.

HIPERMAN HIPERMAN OFDM 56.9 56.9

Flash-OFDM Flash-OFDM Flash-OFDM 5.3 10.6 15.9

1.8 3.6 5.4

Mobile range 18miles (30km) extended range 34 miles (55km); mobility up to 200mph (350km/h)

iBurst iBurst 802.20 HC-SDMA/TDD/MIMO 64 64 3–12 km

UMTS W-CDMA

HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA+

UMTS/3GSM CDMA/FDD CDMA/FDD/MIMO

0.384 14.4 42

0.384 5.76 11.5

HSDPA widely deployed. Typical downlink rates today 1–2 Mbit/s, ~200 kbit/s uplink; HSPA+ downlink up to 42 Mbit/s.

LTE UMTS/4GSM OFDMA/MIMO/SC-FDMA

326.4 86.4 LTE-Advanced update to offer over 1 Gbit/s speeds.

Pre-4G

Source: Wikipedia


HSPA (High speed packet access)

• HSPA+ boosts peak data rates to 42 Mbps on the downlink and 22 Mbps on the uplink– Use MIMO and higher order modulation

• HSDPA (D = downlink)– 14.4 Mbps in downlink– 174 commercial networks in 76 countries– Can be achieved by software upgrade of existing 3G

networks• HSUPA (U = uplink)

– 5.76 Mbps in uplink


LTE (Long term evolution)

• Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8 Standards in progress (expected 2009)– a project within the 3GPP to improve the UMTS

mobile phone standard

• air interface is a completely new systems – based on OFDMA in the downlink and Single-carrier-

FDMA (SC-FDMA has low PAPR) in the uplink that efficiently supports multi-antenna techologies (MIMO).


Thank Thank YouYou


Backup Slides


Major &

Advantages• Fresh design meant for

outdoor BWA• Multipath advantages• Spectral efficiency• Global harmonization

Issues• Regulatory difficulty• Power constraint• High layer

integration• Market and time

competition• Global spectrum

availability

overview of ieee 802.16 / wimax

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