overview of international...

SIP-adus International Cooperation Working Group

ITS Japan

Takahiko Uchimura, Vice-Chair

Overview of International Cooperation

<Translated Version>

Overview of International Developments1.

Major International Conferences of 20172.

Developments in Europe3.

Developments in the United States4.

SIP-adus Workshop5.

3

February2017

ITS WC10/29-11/2 ★

Montreal, Canada

AVS#67/11～１3

★

AdaptIVefinal event

6/28-29Aachen, Germany

★

TRB1/8～11

☆

TokyoMotor Show

10/27-11/5☆

CAD4/3-5

Brussels, Belgium★

TRAVienna, Austria

4/16-21☆

SIP-adus FOT

10月

ESV#256/5-8☆

CES1/4-1/7

☆

PEGASUSSymposium/Workshop

11/9-10Aachen, Germany

★

AuroraSummit 2018

1/16-17Lapland, Finland

★

Japan ITS Promotion ForumTokyo2/28☆

Participation in Lectures and Discussions

SIP-adusWorkshop

Tokyo11/14-16

★

ITS E6/19-22

Strasbourg, France★

4

Continuing development of C-ITS and infrastructure Europe: Progressing the comprehensive C-ITS initiatives led by EC

United States: Progressing the Connected Vehicle Pilot Program

Automation of shared urban mobility is in the lead

Field operational tests of truck platooning are proceeding, but limited

beneficiaries hold the key to deployment.

Initiatives aimed at Level 3 for private vehicles are progressing but facing

many difficult challenges. Performance to be achieved

Means for confirming performance

Acceptance

Responsibility for unforeseen circumstances

The 3 domains of automated driving Passenger cars

Truck platooning

Shared urban mobility

Cooperative Connected Automated

Mobility (CCAM)

Initiatives for C-ITS development

Horizon 2020

National projects

6

Advancement of comprehensive initiatives by the EC and others

Europe-wide initiatives for CCAM deployment

Horizon 2020

• Initiatives toward field operational tests and deployment

Initiatives targeting legal, certification-related,

and ethical issues

Advancement of national projects

PEGASUS: Aiming to achieve Level 3 with

private vehicles

AURORA: Aiming to achieve automated driving in severe environments

CCAM: Cooperative Connected Automated Mobility

ADAS: Advanced Driving Assistance System

ADS: Automated Driving System

Level Name

Full automation

Driver assistance

Conditional automation

High automation

Partial automation

No automation

7

Common objective: Acceleration of CCAM development C-ITS Platform: European partnership

Gear 2030: High-level policy

Horizon 2020: R&D

Roundtable on CAD: Vehicles and

communication

Transport Ministry Meeting

European partnership

High-level policy

R&DVehicles and communication

8

Achieving objectives through CCAM-based convergence

Source: European Commission

CCAM

C-ITS

CV

AV

Objectives

9

Progress from Day 1

C-ITS

CV

AV


10

Action Plans for the Stakeholder Platforms

C-ITS

CV

AV


11

Development of cross-border field operational tests

conducted with massive investment

Source: SIP-adus Workshop 2017

12

Study of issues that will arise when introducing automated driving to urban areas1. How will automated driving be used?2. Motivation to move forward for urban stakeholders3. 3. Clarification of the complementary relationship between C-ITS and high advanced automated

driving in urban areas

Studies to include negative environmental changes brought by changes in

transport modes, etc. Establishment of urban automation and examination of issues

Source: SIP-adus Workshop 2017

Urban automation scenarios

1. Fully automated vehicle car-sharing/car-pooling services in urban areas

2. Fully automated taxi services

3. Fully automated vehicle car-sharing on established routes in established areas

4. Fully automated vehicle car-sharing in suburban areas

5. Fully automated vehicle car-sharing as a feeder connecting regional public transport

systems

6. Fully automated driving-based public transportation services

7. Fully automated driving-based transport systems

13

Progress since FP 7 EU-supported projects: Full-scale progress in the 2020 project (FP 8)

Individual national projects: Progress by a broad range of projects

Driver assistance

Connection communication

Support activities

Individual national projects

L3Pilpt

INFRAMIX

CoEXist

H2020

・・・

Infrastructure

PEGASUS

AURORA

Robot cars

・・・

Level 3

Source: ERTRAC

14

R&D on Road Traffic: Horizon 2020

Road infrastructure to

support automation

Safety and end user acceptance

Multi-brand platooning in

real traffic conditions

ICT infrastructure to enable

road transport automation

Automation pilots for

passenger cars

Automated urban transport

systems


15

The number of independent national projects is also expanding

16

Project outline Period: January 2016 to June 2019 (42 months)

Contracted organizations: OEM (Audi, BMW, Daimler, Opel, VW), tier-one suppliers,

research institutes, SMEs, science institutes, etc.

Funds: Approx. 34,500,000 euros; subsidies: 16,300,000 euros

Project purpose

What level of performance is expected in self-driving cars?

How can the achievement of demanded performance be confirmed?

Scenario analysis and quality measures

Deployment process

Testing Result reflection and embedding

What human and

technical capabilities are needed in

applications?

What tools, methods,

and procedures are required?

What will be tested in

laboratories, simulations, test

courses, and roads?

Is the concept

sustainable?

PEGASUSProject for the establishment of generally accepted quality criteria, tools and methods as

w ell as scenarios and s ituations for the release of highly-automated driving functionsSource: http://pegasus-projekt.info/en/about-PEGASUS

17

Source: PEGASUS Symposium of November, 2017

Background of the Automated and Connected Driving (ACD) strategy Sustained competitiveness of Germany’s auto industry Initiative addressing global challenges

• Challenge 1: Environmental protection• Challenge 2: Digitalization

Social changes brought by ACD 46% of the world’s consumers would not buy a car if they could use a fully

autonomous automated vehicle for less cost than their own car. ACD presents a tremendous market opportunity.

The German government’s intentions To achieve second-generation advanced automated driving (Level 3) on

expressways with speed limits of 130 km/h To develop innovative driver assistance systems for cooperative driving To develop innovative automated systems for urban areas To establish quality criteria, evaluation tools, evaluation methods, and

approval procedures for advanced automated driving functions

18

Key measures and initiatives

A broad range of initiatives covering on-board systems, ancillary technologies, verification

methods, policy, law, etc.


19

Automation and connected driving must address a broad range of fields.


20

Achieving safe and secure automated transport under all

environmental conditions Arctic Challenge 2017-2019

• Five development topics1. Physical infrastructure

2. Communication3. Location data and positioning

4. Impact assessment5. Data

The Infra and 5G/Cyber Challenges• Evaluation of intelligent infrastructure management in the Arctic

• Big Data

• Tires and automated driving

• Which roads should be developed, and how?

• Pre-5G network test

21

Summary of the Aurora Summit Site of the Aurora Project: The summit was held in Lapland, Finland Information was shared on issues to be tackled in severe winter environments, evaluation

circumstances, etc.

Although the extent to which results will be achieved remains unknown, a broad range of

activities—including those focused on the infrastructure needed to achieve automation—

are moving forward.

Start-ups receiving government assistance were among the participants.

Some 250 people from 22 counties attended.

Automated driving demonstration → ↓

Road sign indicating the Aurora Project area ↑

22

Table of Contents

I. Introduction: Description of the study’s background

• Study of the ethical guidelines that are socially and legally

required; as in, “do decisions concerning automated driving

systems have ethical responsibility?”

II. Procedure adopted by the Ethics Commission on

Automated and Connected Driving

• Reports on activities by participating members and others

III. Ethical rules for automated and connected vehicular

traffic

• Rules covering 20 items

IV. Outcome of the discussions and unresolved issues

• Items requiring further discussion

V. BibliographyOrganized in September 2016; issued in June 2017

Source: http://www.bmvi.de/EN/Meta/News/news.html

23

Outline of the 20 ethical rules: Key components only

1. Purposes are to improve safety and increase mobility opportunities

2. The protection of individuals takes precedence

3. Responsibility for guaranteeing safety and licensing

4. Decisions based on the personal responsibility of human beings

5. Prevention of accidents wherever practically possible

6. Automated collision prevention systems should be mandated if

they have the potential to limit damage

7. Programming in unavoidable situations

8. Decisions between one human life and another

9. Decisions in unavoidable situations

10. Accountability of the human being: Shifts from the motorist to the

manufacturers and operators

11. Liability for damage

12. Responsibility to inform the public about technology

13. Central control of motor vehicles

14. Outside attacks and response to system weaknesses

15. Use of data

16. Driverless systems

17. Software and technology for handover of driving control and ease

of understanding

18. Self-learning systems

19. Response to emergency situations

20. Proper handling

Outcome of the discussion and unresolved issues: Key

components only

1. The licensing of automated driving systems is a risk decision

2. Taking animal welfare interests into account

3. Overruling by humans

4. Technology in the case of divided responsibilities

5. Legal requirement to use fully automated transport systems?

6. Technical assistance systems to assist or guide the driver

7. No irreversible subjugation to technical systems

8. Dependence of society on technological systems

9. “Total“ connectivity of infrastructure

10. Utilization of data between security, personal autonomy, and

informational self-determination

11. The problems associated with the scope of responsibility of

software and infrastructure

The Ethics Commission’s members

24

Outline of the 20 ethical rules2. The protection of individuals takes

precedence

5. Prevention of accidents wherever

practically possible

7. Programming in unavoidable situations

10. Accountability: Shifts from the motorist to

the manufacturers and operators

14. Outside attacks

Unresolved issues3. Overruling by humans

5. Legal requirement

7. No irreversible subjugation to technical systems

The Ethics Commission’s members

Government initiatives for CAV

CAV development scenarios

Connected Vehicle Pilot Program

Field operational test trends

Improvement of traffic environments

U²C：Ultimate Urban CirculatorPeople Mover A new “people mover” being studied in Jacksonville, Florida

26

Movements toward CAV introduction CV: Government-led

AV: OEM-led

• No conspicuous efforts by OEMs toward achieving Level 3 for private vehicles are apparent.

Activities independently led by the federal government and state governments Vision for Safety 2.0

State governments prepare scenarios and begin developing environments by building the infrastructure needed for CAV, etc.

Efforts to improve traffic environments that are also effective for CAV (e.g., congestion reduction and protection of the mobility-impaired) are also progressing.

CV： Connected Vehicle

AV： Automated Vehicle

CAV： Connected AutomatedVehicle

ADAS： Advanced DrivingAssistance System

ADS: Automated Driving System

Level Name

Full automation

Driver assistance

Conditional automation

High automation

Partial automation

No automation

27

From Connected Automated Vehicles to “Smart City”

Connected Vehicle

Autonomous Vehicle

Strategic plan 2015-2019 • Realizing CV

Implementation• Advance Automation

CV Pilot Program• NYC, Tampa, Wyoming

Connected Automated Vehicle

Smart City

Source: DOT website

28

“Accelerating the Next Revolution in Roadway Safety” (issued in 2016)

has been issued as “A Vision for Safety 2.0” “Automated Driving Systems 3.0” is scheduled for release in summer 2018.

• Targets multimodal systems not only to passenger vehicles.

• The federal government does not issue any instructions or orders for specific technologies.

• Pursuit of “technical neutral “ for innovation (handling of DSRC also suggested)

• Broad inspection of federal regulations, application of public comment (currently

underway) and promotion of innovation

September 30, 2016 September 12, 2017

29

Many states have legislation, regulations, or policy frameworks concerning CAV and AV.

Autonomous vehicle laws

• 18 states have passed laws concerning AV.

• Government agencies in Arizona, Massachusetts, Washington, and Wisconsin have issued execution orders concerning AV.

Legislation

Execution order

Source: National Conference of State Legislatures (NCAL)

30

Six scenarios

Source: ITFVHA 2017 FHWA

31

Pilot programs in 3 regions

Tampa• Reduced congestion

during rush hours

• Pedestrian and bicycle

safety, etc.

New York City• Use of over 10,000

official vehicles

• Intersection safety,

pedestrian protection,

etc.

Wyoming• Supply of weather and traffic

information to trucksSource: DOT website

32

Field operational tests and demonstrations for 2018 and beyond NYC : November 2018

Tampa : August 2018

Wyoming : March 2019

Source: USDOT website

33

Projects currently underway


34

A broad range of regional activities Regions implementing AV shuttle/bus services Regions implementing connected vehicle testing Regions implementing truck platooning Regions implementing leading initiatives DOT-certified proving grounds


35

Vigorous last-mile transportation field operational tests are taking place around the nation.

36

Development of cutting-edge traffic technologies to reduce congestion and improve traffic system safety Maximum of $60 million between 2016 and 2020

ATCMTD：Advanced Transportation and Congestion Management Technologies Deployment Program

37

Measures starting with areas where the introduction of AV technologies can be anticipated Implementation of measures to prevent pedestrian and bicycle accidents on roads, intersections,

sidewalks, bicycle paths, etc.

Ordinary mobility forms Mobility forms when fatality

or serious injury occurs

The ratios of pedestrian and bicyclist casualties is extremely high among all forms of mobility.

Characteristics of Los Angeles

38

The website provides information on programs, speakers,

announcements, trip reports, and so on.

SIP-adus Workshop 2017http://www.sip-adus.jp/evt/workshop2017/

http://www.sip-adus.jp/http:/www.sip-adus.jp/evt/workshop2017/

Date: November 13 – 15, 2018

Venue: Tokyo International Exchange Center

overview of international...

Documents