overview of ky’s cemcs program
TRANSCRIPT
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Benefits of a Large Scale MBCx Program at the State of KY
Feb 6, 2019 BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY 1
LESSON LEARNED OPERATING A PORTFOLIO OF BUILDINGS MORE EFFICIENTLY
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IDS’ Role
Technology Infrastructure Provider
BAS Automation and Energy Management Analysis Department
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Agenda
Background—Stats (system size), infrastructure, and data collection
Tangible Benefits (energy baselines and tracking savings)
Technology Platform
First Step in Operating More Efficiently – Find out how the building in running
What’s been learned and how it changes the way to operate
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Questions after each section
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Background
2010 Commonwealth of Kentucky issued RFP
Implementation Phases ◦ Infrastructure Development (2010 - 2012)
◦ Monitoring-Based Commissioning (2013 ->
◦ Remediation Program RCx (2015 ->
Adding 20 buildings/month to CEMCS
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Commonwealth Energy Management and Control System
Users
Commonwealth Energy Management & Control System
Utility Invoices
Interval Data
External Data
Enterprise SystemsExternal Systems
ENERGY STAR Interface
Meter Interval Data (agency)
Meter Interval Data (utility vendor)
Utility Bills (electronic)
Utility Bills (paper)
Invoice Data Importer
Database(SQL Server)
Database(SQL Server)
Active DirectoryFederatedServices
Interval Data Importer
EDIImporter
Intelligent Data Entry Forms
CEMCS Team
Users(agencies)
Application(SharePoint)
Application(SharePoint)
Utility Bills (EDI)
BAS Interval Data (agency)
Weather Data (NOAA)
AccountsPayable Real EstateReal EstateWork OrderWork Order
AssetManagement
GeneralLedger
AP Interface
GL Interface
Work Order Interface
Space / Asset Data Interface
Weather Data Importer
Public Dashboard
Agencies & Buildings
Users
(public)
Administrator
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BBBD CONFERENCE - BENEFITS OF LARGE SCALE MBCX PROGRAM AT STATE OF KY
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CEMCS Statistics
Total Buildings Tracked: 1298
Agencies: 10
Building SF: 20,309,717
Cities: 72
Utility vendors: 171
Utility accounts: 1330 (inbound utility bills/mo.)
Utility meters: 1463
Building-level submeters: 35
BAS Buildings Tracked: 171
10,036,675 SF
Daily trends: 200,000+
7 different control system manufacturers
Variety of building uses, age and mechanical designs
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Data Collection
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When Utility Bills are Still Paper
Data entry forms model paper bills for ease of data entry
Smart forms verify charges
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User enters minimal data
System calculates everything else, verifying the invoice
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Electronic Delivery of Utility Data
Utility Bills (some, not all) are delivered automatically to CEMCS
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Monitoring BAS Data Streams
Keeping track of inbound interval data streams (BAS and utility meter)
Tracking 200,000+ trends/day requires a sub-system
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Collecting Data from BAS EXTRACTING DATA FROM BAS
Define points required for analysis
Know what the data means ◦ What are the units being measured?
◦ Is 0 actually zero, or the minimum position?
◦ Does 100% mean fully open or fully closed?
Trended & exported, or read directly from controllers or database? ◦ Don’t mess with their traffic
Data transfer ◦ All in one network or across multiple?
LOADING DATA INTO CEMCS (EEMS)
How many different data formats received?
How do you deal with different names for the same points? ◦ Each vendor’s points means different things
◦ Each control tech has own names (temp, zone_temp, zn_t, rm_temp, ctrl_t, etc.)
How large can your trends table(s) get before performance is an issue? ◦ Is there a limit to the number of points?
◦ How long to you keep the data?
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Questions INFRASTRUCTURE AND DATA COLLECTION
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Tracking Energy Savings
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Energy Savings (background) Utility Bill Data Collection
◦ Manual & electronic—1330 bills per month
Weather Normalized Energy Model ◦ By meter, by building, based upon 12 months of history ◦ 4th order polynomial regression model
Account for Buildings w/o Meters (allocations)
Automated Energy Savings ◦ Tracked by meter, building, agency, enterprise
Public Dashboard
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Energy Tracking is a accounting problem
Do you think there’s uniformity of data delivery across utility companies?
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Baseline Energy Model (by meter)
Gas meter example
12 months of history is curve fit
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Monthly Energy and Cost Tracking
Every month energy and cost is compared against building baseline
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Saves $$$$ during Winter
Spends more $$$$ during Summer
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Savings From Baseline
Overall energy reduction from baseline: 8.2%
Total energy saved from program: 910M kBtu
Annual cost savings: $4.9M
Total cost savings from program: $21.0M
Weather Normalized Baseline
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Cumulative Savings From Baseline
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Questions BASELINE AND ENERGY TRACKING
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CEMCS Technology SAMPLE DISPLAY SCREENS
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Building Homepage
Building homepage centralizes operational data
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Comfort Fault Detection Report AHU 02
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Building homepage centralizes operational data for user
Each space is evaluated against temperature policy obligations on weekly basis and scored (1 – low, 10 – High)
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Heating Valve Fault Detection
About a dozen heating valves that aren’t performing as they should
Six running at maximum position excessively
Easily spot issues
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Identify Maintenance Needs
Low Score Report identifies equipment in greatest need of attention
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Metering Analytics
Provides insights on electrical energy usage
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Operational Diagnostics
Evaluating Space Temperature vs Set Point for a selected area of the building
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Summary Utility Data
Easily understand building energy use, number of meters and utility rate.
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Comparing Building EUIs
Some buildings within the CHFS portfolio
Electric and Natural Gas
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Live System Demonstration
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First Step to Improve Operations—Find Out How it’s Working via Building Operational Analysis ONCE DATA IS FLOWING AND ANALYTICS CONFIGURED BUILDINGS ARE “OPERATIONALLY EVALUATED” TO IDENTIFY AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT AND SUCCESS
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Operational Analysis (Deliverable) Top to bottom comprehensive review of building operation, using available data, in order to recommend a course of action for operational improvement. Process: ◦ Evaluate most import functions (comfort, H&S, conformance to DI) ◦ Identify energy savings and operational improvements ◦ Generate recommendations and quantify savings ◦ Present to owner via videotaped presentation
About the Analysis ◦ ASHRAE Standards foundation of analysis ◦ SOO reviewed for clarity and efficiency ◦ Systems review ◦ Equipment review ◦ Other insights
Over 100 buildings have been operationally evaluated
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You can’t take the analyst out of the analysis process
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Sample Operational Analysis ANALYSIS CONFIRMS COMFORT AND HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ARE MET THEN ENERGY SAVINGS IS EVALUATED
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Postsecondary Education Center OPERATIONS ANALYSIS
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Metering ◦ Main Electric
◦ Gas Meter
◦ Domestic Water
HVAC Systems
Primary Systems ◦ Air-Cooled Chilled Water System
w/Lead-Lag VFD pumps
◦ 3 HW Boiler w/Lead-Lag VFD pumps
Secondary Air Systems ◦ 1 VAV exhaust
◦ 1 VAV AHU w/heating, cooling, and economizer
Terminal Systems ◦ 84 VAV w/reheat
◦ 8 VRF units
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Air Handling
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VAV Air Handling Unit
AHU: M Tu Th 6:30-21:00 W 6:30-21:30 F 6:30-16:30
1. Static Pressure is reset
2. Return air volume is controlled by implied offset
3. Supply Air Temperature is controlled by reset
4. Dry Bulb Economizer
5. Preheat control has implied set point
6. Night setback by worst case zone
7. Implied fresh air reset control
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Supply Air Temperature Control
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Economizer set point (52°F) demands cooling
Significant heating
SAT set point (50°F) too low
VAV AHU
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Operating States – Actuator Sequencing
1. OS#1 – Heating Coil used to raise Mixed Air (Minimum Outside Air) to Supply Air Temperature
2. OS#2 – Outside Air used to reduce Return Air to Supply Air Temperature
3. OS#3 Cooling Coil used to lower Outside Air to Supply Air Temperature
4. Cooling Coil used to lower Mixed Air (Minimum Outside Air) to Supply Air Temperature (Economizer)
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Static Pressure Control
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Reset dominated by one zone
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Trim & Respond Optimization Air Handler Static Pressure Optimization
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Coordinated behavior between AHU and VAVs
Set point is lowered when # requests below threshold
Increases based on # requests above threshold
Limited by set point min/max
VAVs can be prioritized by sending request multiplier
Expected (desired) operation is to smoothly cycle up/down
Not thrashing
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AHU Recommendations 1. Examine control sequences and rewrite so
that mixed air dampers, preheat coil and cooling coil all operate off a single setpoint
2. Convert existing supply air temperature reset and static pressure reset algorithms to operate according to ASHRAE G36 Trim and Respond
3. Economizer should be rewritten to operate according to ASHRAE G36 Differential Enthalpy with High Limit
4. Optimal start sequence should be added
5. Night setback sequence for heating needs to be implemented; heating should not start the AHU
6. Control minimum OA CFM based on ASHRAE 62.1
a. Provide MAT low limit automatic override
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Terminal Systems
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VAV Box
1. VAV Box without perimeter radiation
2. Boxes with radiation are not identified in BAS graphics
3. DAT SOO says it’s for monitoring only
4. Occupancy control has deadband ; heating CFM and cooling minimum CFM are the same
5. Fan should start only for cooling unoccupied cycle; heating control only uses perimeter radiation
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Terminal System Temperature Control
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Terminal System Heating Valve
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Excessive heating driven by low supply air temperature
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G36 VAV Sequences
1. Current operation uses a single minimum CFM and no limit on DAT
2. G36 uses a dual maximum CFM with an overall lower minimum CFM
3. DAT is the first stage of heating until 20°F greater than room setpoint
a. DAT Limit does not apply to zones with perimeter radiation
4. Heating CFM ramps up when MAX DAT is reached
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Occupancy Control
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Occupancy sensor is not used to
control VAV box
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Recommendations Implement Dual Maximum CFM
Sequence of Operation of ASHRAE G36 Reengineer minimum CFM limits according
to ASHRAE G36: Box minimum capability with respect to ventilation (ASHRAE 62.1 requirements)
Calculate Trim & Respond cooling and static pressure requests on zone basis
Calculate OA ventilation requirement for Zone and AHU sequence
Limit DAT to 90°F in zone with no radiation control
Add OA Temperature reset of heating night setback limit
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Metering
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Electric Meter
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Main Electric Meter
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Gas Meter
Gas meter is not included in CEMCS trend points
Recommendation
Add gas meter trend points
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Energy Savings
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Energy Savings Energy savings will result from reduced operating hours achieved from • Improved scheduling
• Corrected AHU sequencing
• Reduced cooling and reheat
• Improved night setback operation
• Minimizing/eliminating airflow of parasitic terminal boxes during their unoccupied cycle
18% Energy Cost Reduction
Months Days Hours Cost
Before 7 6 20 86,715$
After 7 6 15 65,036$
Savings 21,679$
Months Days Hours Cost
Before 5 6 20 71,113$
After 5 6 16 56,890$
Savings 14,223$
Total Savings 35,901$
Chilled Water System
Steam System
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Hot Water System
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End Sample Building Operational Analysis
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What’s Been Learned What’s Been Learned that has Changed the Way KY Operates DATA WILL ENABLE YOU TO DO THINGS DIFFERENTLY AND CHANGE LONG STANDING INEFFICIENT PROCESSES
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Common Findings after Hundreds of Analyses
Age of building correlated to amount of equipment repair
Infrequently found flawed designs
Automation was most common deficiency whether new or existing building: ◦ Engineer’s Sequences of Operation not effective in communicating design intent
Control Contractor did not implement to engineer's intent
◦ Commissioning agent did not fully vet automation (mostly they never had time or not in their contract)
◦ Understanding of Design Intent amongst maintenance staff
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Analysis Stats 300-400 Air Handlers
4000+ VAVs
SOO review, mechanicals, control drawings, floor plans, from a dozen engineering firms
Building Types: Labs, Museum, Convention Center, Mixed Use, Very Large Office, Medium Size Office, Office Complex, Community College Campuses, Mental Health Hospitals
Control System Age: New to 20 Years
700 ECMs identified
100+ hours on video of analysis presentations (15-30 slides each)
Written report for each building (12-20 pages each)
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Sample Findings
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Evaluating SAT
Supply Air Temperature often exceeds 100°F (should not be greater than space set point plus 20°F)
January 2019
VAV Supply Temperature
60 ASHRAE WINTER CONFERENCE - SESSION 44, PRESENTATION 2
VAV heating valve (orange area) modulates in response to a drop in zone temperature (green)
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ASHRAE Requirement
ASHRAE 90.1 Specified Sequence
3. When the air valve is at the minimum position and
heating is required, the reheat coil valve shall be
modulated open to maintain the heating set point.
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Programming
This button restricts discharge temperature
This button doesn’t
Configuration Tool to Program Controller
Programmer implemented what was specified despite capability available in controller
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Higher-Ed. Classroom/Lab Built 1971, renovated 2017
AHUs
1. Return fan tracking does not account for exhaust fan schedules or laboratory exhaust operation
2. Tracking does not account for startup or unoccupied operation when return equals supply cfm
April 2018 OPERATIONS ANALYSIS
63
Return Fan:
The return fan shall run whenever the supply fan runs.
Return Fan Tracking:
The return fan VFD shall modulate in unison with the supply fan VFD. The return fan VFD shall track the supply fan VFD at 80% (adj.) of the supply fan VFD speed. The return fan VFD speed shall not drop below 20% (adj.).
Supply Air Temperature Setpoint – Outside Air Reset:
The controller shall monitor the supply air temperature and shall maintain a supply air temperature setpoint reset based on outside air temperature.
The supply air temperature setpoint shall be reset for as follows:
• As the outside air temperature rises from 50°F (adj.) to 85°F (adj.), the supply air temperature setpoint shall be reset downward from 62°F (adj.) to 55°F (adj.).
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Overview
HVAC Design
4 VAV air handlers
2 general exhaust fans
Primary systems ◦ 3 hot water boilers
◦ 3 water cooled chillers
Terminal units ◦ 114 parallel fan VAVs with hot water reheat
◦ 150 VAVs with hot water reheat
◦ 2 fan coil units
◦ 1 Liebert unit
Huntair fan wall (8 fans/AHU)
317,500 ft2 Office Space
1,450 occupants
New (2016)
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Theory Of Operations – Open Floor Plan
• Layout • Open offices • Individual offices • Core Conference rooms
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Terminal System Assessment
Set points out of policy limits
◦ Inconsistent set points
Significant reheat in mild weather and high discharge temperature
◦ Simultaneous heating and cooling in spaces
Evaluation Period: November 11th to November 16th 2016
Space Temp - Set Point Control Quantity Heating Control Quantity Airflow Control Quantity Occupancy Control Quantity
Ok - Space temperature between heating
and cooling set points191 Ok - Maintains temperature 238 Ok - Air flow and set point control properly 252 Ok - Schedule in place and functional 169
Space temperature exceeds cooling set
point, set point within policy0 Significant reheat during mild weather 30 Not Applicable 0 Space temperature does not set back at night 0
No change in space temperature during
assessment period5 High discharge air temp 15 No change in set point 29
Occupancy doesn't change during the
assessment period.116
Little or no set point deadband 0No discharge temp during time of
assessment2 Airflow does not meet set point 1
Space temperature stable, no change in set
points for the week.0
Damper or set point doesn't change during
assessment 2
Space temperature is below heating set
point, set point not within policy8 Damper at 100 percent during unocc periods 1
Set points out of policy limits 79
No space temp point available at time of
assessment.2
Occupancy does not change
None of the FVAV boxes report schedules
VAV12-3512 has 24/7 occupancy schedule
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Control Configuration Inconsistent with Open Floor Plan
H
One interior zone provides heat to
group
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Fan powered boxes get no air
Space Temperature not
consistent
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Engineers Specification
Fan powered VAV w/reheat units serve the exterior of the building
The zone served by these units often has T-stat in a closed office which may not be representative of the space
There is no central air (ventilation) delivered unless the unit is cooling
◦ ASHRAE does not allow 0 CFM in occupied hours
Engineer’s airflow max and min did not include consideration of occupied an unoccupied times
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Control System Configuration
Display does not reflect the physical relations between space and HVAC equipment. If organized by floor and zone report becomes effective. No one told control engineer how this data should be organized. Technology quite useful as long as its set up that way
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Kentucky Facilities Ecosystem
KY CEMCS ENERGY EFFICIENCY TEAM (6)
FACILITIES DEPARTMENT IN EACH AGENCY (10)
KY DECA (DESIGN, ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION
AND ADMINISTRATION)
DESIGN/CONSULTING ENGINEERS (POOL OF 6-10)
CONTROL CONTRACTORS
(10-15)
COMMISSIONING PROVIDERS
Having both internal staff and external vendors work smarter using information is required to operate portfolio more efficiently
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Changes to Design Engineering Elevate importance of SOO
◦ Higher quality sequences—ASHRAE Guideline 36
◦ Improved communications to controls contractor—detailed instructions, operating state diagrams
Demonstrate understanding of how building should operate during design phase
Establish more consistent SOO and automation standards, independent of BAS manufacturer
High Performance Building Standard ◦ Specificity of data required (analysis system ready)
◦ Point naming convention
3rd party review of SOO
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AHU Operating State Diagram
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Operating States – VAV AHU System During Occupied Hours
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Heating Valve
Minimum Outside Damper Position
Cooling Valve
Outside Damper Position
Heating Valve Cooling Valve
Outside Damper Position
Cooling Valve
Heating Valve
0%
100%
Heating Valve
Minimum Outside Damper Position
Cooling Valve
Heating Mode Economizer Mode Economizer and Mechanical Cooling Mode Cooling Mode
Heating Valve
Cooling Valve
Outside Air
Damper
Modulating
Closed
Minimum
Closed
Closed
Modulating
Closed
Modulating
Open
Closed
Modulating
Minimum
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Changes for Control Contractors Bid package raises the expectation bar for automation code (SOO) delivery ◦ Details of what is required eliminates “but it meets spec” inadequate delivery
◦ Delivered automation code subject to third-party review
Standardize point naming for all BAS (new and renovation) per KY standard
Obligation for the collection of historical trend data and for delivery into CEMCS (per spec) ◦ If they can’t deliver data, they don’t get the job
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Owner Contract Changes for Control Contractor – before bid package is released
Interview of Control Contractor Programmer ◦ Face to face interview
◦ Submittal of sample code with explanation by programmer (need to get best tech you can)
Require the control contractor present how the building is supposed to run by operating state, and how does it compare to the engineer’s
Data collection begins as systems begins to operate
Line item pricing for automation
Larger hold back against MEP budget (not controls budget)
76 Interval Data Systems. Inc. - Why Does it Take V5
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Commissioning Providers Use analytics as part of the process
Data enables more equipment evaluation
System evaluation now possible in the commissioning phase of construction
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Training of Internal Staff Analysis revealed areas of improvement/training topics
◦ Typically across multiple buildings
Training Session Structure ◦ Design Intent/ASHRAE Concepts (very important part of session)
◦ System versus Component evaluation
◦ Findings in their buildings
◦ Review Operational Recommendations
Training Sessions ◦ Economizer Operations
◦ Night Setback and Optimal Start
◦ Event Scheduling in Tridium
◦ Best approach to select top 7-8 buildings for EE measure from portfolio of 33
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Warranty Period WITH STRONGER CONTRACTUAL LANGUAGE, THE WARRANTY PERIOD PROVIDES THE WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY TO INSURE A HIGHER QUALITY AUTOMATION SYSTEM DELIVERY
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Warranty – Maximize Accountability during this period . . Its your last chance for leverage
Design phase (and contract changes) established the requirements that the vendors must meet so the owner has the leverage in the warranty period
Warranty period deliverable designed to eliminate The Problem
Warranty period establishes “operational acceptance”
If you want to know your building operates as designed, then you need a process to evaluate and data record of how it operated
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Swing Season Review and final remediation plan
Top to bottom Operational Analysis including automation code review
Monitors remediation via data and/or code review. Supports control contractor or owner technician.
Warranty Period Deliverables
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Warranty End
Warranty Period (12 Months)
Occupancy Permit
Validation of operational data and analytic model and preliminary monitoring
Top to bottom Operational Analysis including automation code review
Operational Analytic Platform Available to Engineers, Control Contractor and Owners, On-going Monitoring functioning
Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4
Plan to remediate deficiencies
Remediation Final Remediation &
Operating Training
Operational Acceptance
Operational data collection begins during end phase of construction (Data Record)
Feb 6, 2019
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Kentucky Legislative Changes
Analyses produced enough supporting information to make abundantly evident that process and contractual changes were needed
KY Energy Efficiency Division and DECA (Design, Engineering, Construction, and Administration) recommendations were brought to legislature
◦ KRS 56.770 – 56.784
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Summary Operational analysis deliverable has impacted all members of the ecosystem
◦ They know someone is looking ◦ They receive operational insights never available before
KY learned which vendors perform best, put in the most amount of effort, care about their work, and constantly improve
Firms that wanted to do better welcomed review sessions
Decision makers found having operational analysis beneficial even if no savings ◦ See what they really received ◦ Comfort, health, functionally/environmentally meeting needs of occupants
Making the entire eco-system more effective greatly improves $ invested
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Operational Data Collection and Automation Commissioning
Impact Across Building Lifecycle
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Occupancy Permit
Operation Phase
Warranty End
Control System
EOL
Warranty Period (12 Months) Controls Life Expectancy (20+ Years)
Occupancy Permit
Construction Phase
Controls Installation
Planning Construction Architect
Design Engineering
Bid Pkgs.
Construction 18-24months
Controls Cx
Commissioning Phase
Award Control
Drawings
Control Dwgs Sign-Off
2-4 Months
Monitoring Based Commissioning MBCx Program Operational Acceptance Period
Preliminary SOO Review
Deliver High Performance SOO and
Data Requirements
SOO Bid Package Review
Preliminary Automation Code Review
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End
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