overview of microgrid r&d in...

Overview of Microgrid R&D in Japan

Akihiko Yokoyama

The University of Tokyo

Microgrid SymposiumSeptember 17, 2009San Diego

Concept of Advanced Power Supply Network

Technical Committee supported by METI

Communicationterminal

Controller

Power StorageBattery

Communicationline for control(Optical Fiber）

Distributionfeeders

コージェネ

レーション

コージェネ

レーション

Control Center

コージェネ

レーション

Control&Informationsystem

Controlinformation

Controlinformation

Powerflow

Power flow

Substation(Power Storage Battery）

Power flow

Substation

From 2001 to 2003

PV System

Battery

BatteryPV System Battery

Low-voltage Line

CustomerLoad

CustomerLoad

High-voltage Line

Distribution Substation

Measuring System

Measuring deviceMeasuring

device

Low-voltage Line

Remote Communication Device

Measuring device

SCADA System

Communication Line

Power Conditioner

Remote Communication Device

Power Flow

Measuring device

Measuring device

Measuring device

NEDO Ohta City Project

From 2002 to 2007

Voltage Control of a Feeder with a Large Penetration of PV Generations by Batteries

Communication device

Wind direction, velocitySolar Radiation

NEDO Hachi-no-he City Project

Tohoku Electric Power Co.

Bio Gas Engine Photovoltaic Generation (50kW)

Control System

Battery

Biomass Boiler

Wasted Water Process Center

Primary School(50kW)

Junior High School(49kW)

Primary School(47kW)

Junior High School(49kW)

City Hall (360kW)

City Hall (38kW)

Tohoku Electric Power Co.

Wind Power

Wind Power Wind PowerPV PV

PV

Dis

trib

utio

n Li

ne

Bio Gas

Peak load600kW

Independent and Islanding Operation of MicrogridFrom 2003 to 2008

Photovoltaic Power Generation

Wind PowerGenerationBio Gas

GenerationFuel Cell

City Hall Hospital School

Internet

Supply side

Demand side

Supply & DemandBalance Control

Apartment House

Balance Control System

NEDO Kyoto Project

Operation of DGs including RES as a Virtual Power Plant

From 2003 to 2008Commercial Power System, Utility Power System

Multiple Power-Quality Electricity Supply Network

NEDO Sendai City ProjectDVR : Dynamic Voltage Restorer

From 2003 to 2008Utility (Tohoku Electric Power Co.)

Normal-QualityLoad

High-Quality(B1)Load



High-Quality(A)Load

DCLoad


Integrated High-Quality Power Supply Device

CB

Energy CenterTohoku Fukushi Univ.

Sendai City

3-phase 6.6kV Bus

Bus Tie CB

Measuring point ( Total 22 pts)

From 2003 to 2008

Experimental substation

DG & Load

1km

0.5km

DG & Load

DG & Load DG & Load

Main trans. - 2000kVA (2 units)

Operation system

66kV commercial line

Site A

Site B 6.6kV and 22kV Distribution line(Total length; 5km)

Site D

Site C

N

NEDO Akagi Project by CRIEPI

- Many types of DGs installed in 4 places separately

- Communication Network

Supply and Demand Integrated Distribution SystemFrom 2003 to 2008--- Autonomous Demand Area Power System ---

Shimizu Microgrid System

Laboratory buildings

排熱回収

Exhaust heat utilizationMicrogrid control system

Chilled/hot water

Absorption water heater-chiller

Heat pump chiller

Electric power flow

Heat storage tank

Purchased power from Utility Co.(TEPCO) Thermal energy

flow

Solar photovoltaics 10kW

Gas engine gen. 350kW

Gas engine gen. 90kW

Electric double layercapacitor 100kW x ±2

sec

Nickel metal hydritebattery 40kW x 10hrs

Exhaust heat recovery

Thermal energy storage

Tie linepower flow

3φ3W 200V1φ3W 200/100V

100kVA transformer

Shadable load

Biogas engine generator 9.9kW

（Planned）

Solar photovoltaic10kW

Gas engine CHP 25kW×2

Wind turbine 6kW×2Lead acid

battery 50kW-30min

ＩＮＶINV

Triple effectabsorption chiller

Air-conditioning

Gas engine CHP9.9kW

Hot water

Nickel hydrogen battery50kW-2hrs

100kVA transformer

Most

sensitive load

Sensitive load

Islanding operation of multiple DERs

Tokyo Gas Microgrid System

Simulation Study on Islanding Operation of Microgrid with DC based DGs and AC Feeder

Battery：20kW

PV ：15kW

3-Phase 3-line 200V 50Hz

Fuel Cell：6kW

Load：0～18kW

Fuel Cell：6kW

Load：0～18kW

Fuel Cell：6kW

Load：0～18kW

一般家庭20軒程度

CB

Fault on Commercial Line

About 10 Residential

HousesIslanding Operation

Minimization of the required capacity of Battery

Joint Project of Univ. of Tokyo and Mitsubishi

From 2004 to 2006

Autonomous Decentralized Control by use of AC Feeder Frequency

• The System Frequency is used for Active Power Balance Control of Fuel Cell and Battery.

• The Battery changes the frequency according to its output power and each FC detects the frequency change and decides its output.

L(PQ specified)

SB (CVCF) PV (PQ specified)Vfl_SB

FC(PV specified)

Microgrid

PQ_LPQ_FCPQ_PVPQ_SB

PQref_LPref_FC

SB : Storage BatteryFC : Fuel CellPV : Photovoltaic GeneratorL : Load

PQref_PV

f_SB PLL

f_FC

AC Feeder

LoadBattery(CVCF)

Contribution of Microgrid to Utility Grid

How much is the excess capacity used?How is the microgrid controlled?How is an ancillary service cost is defined?

TransmissionNetwork

ThermalPlant

NuclearPlant

Distribution System

Microgrid

Local Control Center

Tie Line Power Flow Control

Expected total capacity of Microgridwill be 20% of total utility load demand.

Excess capacity of Microgrid may be used for the contribution.

Ex. Load Frequency Control

Joint Project of Univ. of Tokyo and Tokyo Gas

Concept of Advanced Smarter Grid in Japan (Ubiquitous Power Grid)

Large-scalePower Supply Network

Small Power Supply NetworkMicrogrid

Load

PV

BatterySuper Capacitor

GHeat Pump

Hot Water Tank

Load

Hydrogen Local Network

GThermal G

HydroG

Nuclear

Wind

Heat

Power WindPower

Power

Power

Power

H2H2

Electric Vehicle

PowerReversible FC

H2

Power

Power

Small-sizeGas EngineGas Turbine

H2


Central Control

Center


Reversible FC

Small Power Supply Network

Large-scalePower Supply Network

Small Power Supply NetworkMicrogrid

Load

PV


GHeat Pump

Hot Water Tank

Load

Hydrogen Local Network

GThermal G

HydroG

Nuclear

Wind

Heat

Power WindPower

Power

Power

Power

H2H2

Electric Vehicle

PowerReversible FC

H2

Power

Power

Small-sizeGas EngineGas Turbine

H2


Central Control

Center


Reversible FC

Small Power Supply Network

Proposed by The Univ. of Tokyo

Contribution of Heat Pump based Water Heater to LFC for Reduction of Battery Capacity

HP Water Heater

Wind Power Output HP Water Heater Battery

100%

80%

90%

Type (b)

Power consumption0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

BESS(Battery)

HP Water Heater

LFC Generator

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35001200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

Time [s]

Hea

t Pum

p C

onsu

mpt

ion

[MW

]

w/o HPHP (b)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Time [s]

BES

S O

utpu

t [M

W]

w/o HPHP (b)

Coordinated Control of PHEV, EV, Battery, RES and Thermal Power Plant

Large-scale Network

Small-scale NetworkMicrogridDistribution Network

Load PV


G

GThermal G

HydroG

Nuclear

WindPower

Wind

Power

Power

Power MicroGas Engine Gas Turbine

power

・When? ・How?・How much?

Control Signal

Control Signal

PHEV, EV

Charging & Discharging

Outline of Battery System R&D for Grid Integration of RES Generations

Development of Technologies Required for Low-Cost, Long-Lifetime and Large-Capacity Battery System for Grid Integration of RES Based Generations

Purpose

（１）Technology Development for Practical UseLarge-Capacity Battery System and Output Power Control Technology※Final target＝Field test for more than 6 months

（２）Elemental Technology DevelopmentMaterials for High Performance※Final target＝Cost $400/kWh, Lifetime10 years

（３）Next Generation Technology DevelopmentNew Materials and Their Production Methods, etc.※Final target＝Feasible Cost $150/kWh, Lifetime 20 years

（４）Fundamental Research for Common Use Assessment Methods Applied to Battery Produced in the Above Projects※Final target＝Assessment methods for Cost, Safety, Lifetime, Performance

Topics and Final Targets

Practical Use

Capacity

(4)Fundamental Research

for common use

(1)

Practical use

(2)

Element(3)Next Generation

Assessment Methods

NEDO Project from 2008 to 2010

New National Projects in JapanFrom 2009 to 2014

Remote Island Microgrid Projectwith a Large Penetration of PV and Wind Power Generations

Simulation Study using Analog type Power System Simulator with DGs such as PV and Controllable Load

Battery Battery

BatteryWind

PV

PV

Diesel Engine Generation

overview of microgrid r&d in...

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