overview of northeast monsoon over south asian region€¦ · (singh 1995, kripalani & kumar...
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![Page 1: Overview of Northeast monsoon over South Asian region€¦ · (Singh 1995, Kripalani & kumar 2004, Raj 2012, Yadav 2013, Lekshmy et al. 2015, Xi et al. 2015, Kishatwal et al. 2013)](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022052011/60261aa7850bfe18cd05fb02/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
S. Jothiganesh Ph.D.
Team Leader – Climate Application
Regional Integrated Multihazard Early Warning System
Email: [email protected]
Overview of Northeast monsoon over South Asian region
SASCOF-15 Winter Session and CSUF
23 September 2019
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OCEAN
(Bay of Bengal & Indian Ocean)
Evaporation
Ocean
rainfall
Ocean to land Evaporation,
Transpiration
ATMOSPHERE
Moisture transport
Land
rainfall
LAND (peninsular India)
Subsurface
River runoff
Percolation
Cyclones
Easterly waves
(Singh 1995, Kripalani & kumar 2004, Raj 2012, Yadav 2013, Lekshmy et al. 2015, Xi et al. 2015, Kishatwal et al. 2013)
Dynamics of Northeast Monsoon
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Rainfall during OND months – NE Monsoon
Rainfall mm/day (1981-2010)
2 3 4 5 6
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Oct Nov Dec
Day
Seasonal NEIMR fluctuations 1982-2015Intra-seasonal NEIMR fluctuations 2007
Rain
fall
in
mm
Chaotic variations - Zooming down to Southeastern peninsular India
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Out of 17 El Niño years in 1901-2010, 15
(89%) enhanced Oct-Dec rainfall
Oct
-De
c R
ain
fall
ind
ex
SOI Vs Oct-Dec rainfall
Extreme wet years and ENSO linkages
(mm)
Rainfall anomaly during El
Nino years from climatology
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Remembering 2015 SASCOF and Floods in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Source: thehindu.com
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Probability of rainfalloccurrence
Rainfall states• S1(State-1):
Wet conditions • S2 (State-2):
Coastal wet conditions
• S3 (State-3): Dry conditions
S1 S2 S3
Rainfall States characterization using Hidden Markov Model
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• State-1 (Wet): Often during 03-
08 Oct. to 11-16 Nov.
• State-3 (Dry): Often during 22-
27 Nov. until the end of the
NEIMR season.
• State-2 (Coastal wet): random
in between the State-1 and the
State-3 throughout season.
Pentads during Oct-Dec
Variability in rainfall States
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• State-1 and NEIMR
total are positively
correlated: Increased
occurrences of the
wet state during flood
years.
• State-3 and NEIMR
total are negatively
correlated.
No. of occurrence of rainfall states and seasonal NEIMR
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Synoptic patterns of wet rainfall condition (State-1)
Surface air temperature Mean sea level pressure @850 hPa
Moisture convergence @850 hPaVorticity @850hPa
(°C)
(10-5 S-1)
(hPa)
(gkg-1s-1)
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Synoptic patterns of dry rainfall condition (State-3)
Surface air temperature Mean sea level pressure @850hPa
Moisture convergence @850hPaVorticity @850hPa
(°C)
(10-5 S-1)
(hPa)
(gkg-1s-1)
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Composite differences – VIMF convergence and moisture transport vector (Integrated over 1000-850 hPa)
VIMF convergence (10-3
kg m-2 s-1; shaded) and
moisture transport
vectors (kg m-1s-1)
Same pentad
Moisture Transport processes during wet spells of NE monsoon
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Correlation - Sea Surface Temperature and NEIMR
Indian Ocean:
Positive at lag-
2, 3, 4
Bay of Bengal:
Positive at all
time
R-value
Wet conditions and lagged SST and latent heat flux
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Correlation - Latent heat flux and NEIMR
Indian Ocean:
Positive at
same, lag-1, 2
Bay of Bengal:
Negative at all
time
R-value
Wet conditions and lagged SST and latent heat flux
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Composite differences - Latent heat flux
(Wm-2).
Indian Ocean:
Increased at
lag-1, 2
Bay of Bengal:
Decreased at
all time
Wet conditions and lagged SST and latent heat flux
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Thanks