overview of regulatory activities on cognitive radio · 1b and published in report itu-r sm.2152....

Overview of regulatory activities on cognitive radio

9 May 2011 Overview of regulatory activities on cognitive radio

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Emmanuel FaussurierANFR

Frequency allocation and planning studies

[email protected]

Content

• Radio regulatory framework• ITU activities• CEPT• ETSI


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• ETSI• RSPG

Radio RegulationsRecommendationsReports

GLO

BA

LR

EG

ION

AL3 regulatory levels


3

RE

GIO

NA

L

Government usersGeneral / individual authorisations

Independent regulatory authorities (ARCEP, CSA)

Government

ANFR (National frequency allocation table)

NA

TIO

NA

L

Decisions Recommendations

Decisions, Reports, Recommendations

Standards Harmonised standards

International regulatory framework

• Administrations manages the radio spectrum resource

– Quality to existing applications– Possibility to introduce new ones


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• Radio Regulations (RR)– Rights and obligations for an individual state

towards other states with respect to the use of the radio spectrum and orbital resources

– International treaty– Periodically revised by World

Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs)– The RR allocates in the first place frequency

bands to Radiocommunication Services

ITU activities


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Working Party 1B (1/2)WRC-12 agenda item 1.19

• 1.19 to consider regulatory measures and their relevance, in order to enable the introduction of software-defined radio and cognitive radio systems, based on the results of ITU-R studies, in accordance with Resolution 956 (WRC-07);

• Definitions for SDR and CRS have been developed by ITU-R Working Party 1B and published in Report ITU-R SM.2152.Cognitive radio system (CRS) is a radio system employing technology that allows the system:


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system:– to obtain knowledge of its operational and geographical environment, established

policies and its internal state;– to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols

according to its obtained knowledge in order to achieve predefined objectives;– and to learn from the results obtained.

• The studies conducted by ITU-R Working Party 1B have not identified any regulatory barrier to the introduction of SRD and CRS.

– Expectedly no change to the Radio Regulations at WRC-12– CEPT supports an ITU-R Resolution for adoption by the Radio Assembly in 2012

to provide guidance for further studies on implementation and use of CRS within ITU-R

Quoted from Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM-11) Report:

• Use of CRS technology to guide reconfiguration of connections between terminals and multiple radio systems

• Use of CRS technology by an operator of radiocommunication systems to improve the management of its assigned spectrum resources

Working Party 1B (2/2)Deployment scenarios


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resources

• Use of CRS technology as an enabler of cooperative spectrum access

• Use of CRS technology as an enabler of opportunisticspectrum access

Working Party 5D (1/2)

• Working Document towards a draft new Report ITU-R M.[IMT.CRS] “Cognitive Radio Systems Specific to IMT Systems”

Intra-operator scenario: example where CRS could help an operator to optimize the management and use of its licensed spectrum resource:

• Relays is foreseen as one of the new features to be included in LTE-Advanced and can

– Improve the In-band Coverage/Capacity within areas that suffer from high


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– Improve the In-band Coverage/Capacity within areas that suffer from high shadowing

– Facilitate the provision of capacity in some areas which might have significantly high traffic demand for short periods

• Cognitive Radio features can be used to:– Detect and locate the above mentioned situations that require coverage and

capacity improvements– Trigger a cognitive radio feature to handle the issue– Help to configure and optimize the solution in a way that does not require a re-

planning

• green area: requirement for better coverage due to propagation issues or more capacity due to traffic issues.

• blue area: relay coverage

Solution tailored Solution tailored with REMwith REMHandHand--made made

solutionsolution

Working Party 5D (2/2)


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• REM (Radio Environment Map) helps detecting and locating coverage and capacity problems by supplying geo-localized information on the coverage/capacity indicators. As a remedy, it provides a means to dynamically adjust the transmit power of the relay transmitters (i.e. relay auto-configuration). Indeed, relays should be agile enough in configuration of modifications (power adjustment, beamforming capability, etc.).

CEPT and ETSI activities


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CEPT structureElectronic

Communications CommitteeChairman: T. Ewers (D)Vice-Chairmen: G. Sundal (NOR)

P. Horisberger (SUI) EuropeanCommunications Office

Director: M. Thomas (G)Deputy Director: M. Le Devendec (F)

Steering Group(Think Tank)

WG FMFrequency

Management

Chairman:

WG RARegulatory

Affairs

Chairman:

WG SESpectrum

Engineering

Chairman:

WG NaNNumbering

and Networks

Chairman:

ECCECCECCECCElectronic Communications Committee

CE

PT


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Chairman:S. Pastukh (RUS)

Vice-Chairmen:I. Athanassiou (GRC)T. Weilacher (D)

Chairman:S. Himonas (CYP)

Vice-Chairmen:R. Jarmalis (LTU)Y. Averochkina (RUS)

Chairman:B. Espinosa (F)

Vice-Chairmen:A. Kholod (SUI)K. Loew (D)

WG CPGConference

Preparatory Group

Chairman:E. Fournier (F)

Vice-Chairmen:S. Bond (G)

Chairman:J. Vannieuwenhuyse(BEL)

Vice-Chairmen:---

ECC PT1IMT-Matters

Chairman:D. Chauveau (F)

Vice-Chairmen:P. Toivonen (FIN)J. Afonso (POR)

Updated: January 2011

(see www.ero.dk)

ECC TG5ECC Structure

Chairman:P. Horisberger (SUI)

CEPT Report 24 (June 2008)

• CEPT Report 24 (June 2008): Report C adopted by the ECC in response to European Commission 1st Mandate on Digital Dividend

– CEPT was requested to inspect preliminary the practicability of implementation of new/future applications within the white space spectrum in the band 470 - 862 MHz

• Findings:– Definition for white space:

• White space is a part of the spectrum, which is available for a radiocommunication application (service, system) at a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering / non-protected basis with


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system) at a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering / non-protected basis with regard to primary services and other services with a higher priority on a national basis.

– The spectrum capacity offered by white spaces in the UHF band to other services will depend upon the use of the band by primary services.

• Based on the decisions of the RRC06 and WRC-07 related to the UHF band, white space spectrum availability is being gradually reduced.

– Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE)• The controlled access of PMSE services to white space spectrum is expected to continue in the

foreseeable future, taking into account the development of digital broadcasting in the frequency band 470 -862 MHz.

– The feasibility of cognitive sharing schemes has not yet been conclusively demonstrated• It is too early in the development cycle to judge the final capabilities of cognitive radio technology for white

space devices. Any sharing scheme will have to be carefully assessed and confirmed, including by testing, before it can be put in place.

CEPT Workshop on Cognitive Radio and Software Defined Radio (January 2009)

Some selected remarks…

• Confusion in terminology (CR, SDR, DSA…) was underlined– European stakeholders to contribute to ITU, WRC and ETSI work to harmonize at least some

of the terminology– SDR and CR technologies are complementary– Cognitive Radio is something more than Spectrum Agile Radio

• Considerable technical and economical challenges to enable SDR and CR


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• Considerable technical and economical challenges to enable SDR and CR technologies

– Lack of strong justifications: especially lack of specific services and business cases– More hard quantifiable facts are required: as an example, the discussion should move from

“there is unused spectrum” towards quantifiable answers on how much there are real exploitable opportunities

– Cross-disciplinary work should be encouraged– Experience gained with 5 GHz RLANs: very long process to get Dynamic Frequency Selection

(DFS) from theoretical concepts to standardized reality.

• Digital Dividend UHF and TV-band White Space are special cases

ECC

• WG FM (Working Group Frequency Management):Coordination of activities within CEPT relating to cognitive radio

– Studies by WG FM correspondence group on cognitive radio systems (WG FM CG)– Objective of identification of possible candidate bands for services implementing CRS

and the assessment of the various categories of suitable bands for CRS in cooperation with ETSI

– Seeks indication of priority in scenarios of deployment of CRS under consideration within ETSI so that WGFM concentrates its assessment of potential regulatory changes for the scenarios that will turn to be real first


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changes for the scenarios that will turn to be real first– Regulatory consideration on the protection of PMSE on the basis of the work

performed within WGSE

• WG SE (Working Group Spectrum Engineering):– Studies on the use of the white spaces in the 470 - 790 MHz frequency band by

Cognitive Radio Systems (by WG SE Project Team SE43)

• WG RA (Working Group Regulatory Affairs):– Studies on issues associated with the management, enforcement and placing of CRS

equipment on the market as well as different authorization models and possible harmonisation options (by WG RA CG)

WG SE (1/4)

• ECC Report 159 (January 2011)– This report was developed to provide technical and operational

requirements for cognitive radio systems (CRS) in the ‘white spaces’ of the frequency band 470-790 MHz in order to ensure the protection of the incumbent radio services.

• No specific systems characteristics available for “white space devices” (WSD)

– Generic assumptions made


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– Generic assumptions made

• Protection of the broadcasting service– Spectrum sensing, if employed by a stand-alone WSD (autonomous

operation) is not reliable enough to guarantee protection of nearby DTT receivers.� However, a collaborative sensing may help

– Operation of a WSD assisted by a geo-location database is currently the most feasible option� Degree of flexibility pending national circumstances (national DTT planning

model, quality requirements, ACLR…)

• Protection of PMSE (Programme Making and Special Events)– Spectrum sensing is currently considered as a problematic approach for the

protection of PMSE systems from WSD interference• Range of potential PMSE deployment scenarios• Temporal fading caused by multipath propagation

– Geo-location database appears to be the most feasible approach, with number of practical questions:

• Registration of PMSE data• How often a WSD should consult the database

WG SE (2/4)


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• Different PMSE regulatory regimes across CEPT countries…

• Protection of Radio Astronomy (RAS) in the band 608-614 MHz

• Protection of aeronautical radionavigation ARNS in the band 645-790 MHz

• Protection of Mobile/Fixed Services in adjacent bands– Ongoing studies on the impact on LTE above 790 MHz

WG SE (3/4): Requirements to WSD• WSD shall be capable of communicating to the Database

� Geographical location, location accuracy, device type/ID/model, expected area of operation

• WSD shall be capable of receiving from the Database� Available frequencies, maximum transmit power, appropriate

national/regional database to consult, time of validity of the information provided, if sensing is required

IntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Assumptions Protection Geo-location Spectrum Conclusion


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information provided, if sensing is required

• WSD shall only transmit once it has successfully communicated ( ) with the database→←

• The WSD shall stop transmitting immediately if� it can not re-consult the database � it fails to monitor its location � it moves outside the determined area

Source: presentation from Alexandre Kholod, BAKOM, Chairman SE43, January 2011

WG SE (4/4): Management of database• Possible options:

� Single database on a national or European level, one or multiple databases, public or closed databases→ subject to further discussions within CEPT

• Key issues: � Technical information on services/systems to be protected� Database update frequency

IntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Assumptions Protection Geo-location Spectrum Conclusion


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� Database update frequency� Translation process

• Combined sensing and geo-location approach� Cross check of availability of usable frequencies

→ needs further investigations

Source: presentation from Alexandre Kholod, BAKOM, Chairman SE43, January 2011

WG RAInterface requirements: harmonisation versus flexibility

Registration

database

WSD database

manager(s)C. Specifications of how the database should be supplied, certified, and updated (e.g. accreditation)

E. An European

harmonised standards

F. Data from WSD to database

(e.g., location, location accuracy, mode of

operation).National

CEPT

ECCWGSE-WGFM-WGRA

StandardisationOrganisation(e.g., ETSI)

D. Information and guidance on what the Harmonised Standard should cover (WGSE-WGFM).


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Policy algorithm(transmission

rights)

Database of information

on incumbent service

operation).

G. Data from database to WSD(e.g., maximum

Tx power).

NationalRegulatory Authority

Database of

incumbent service

usage in the

shared band

(e.g. national

DTT network

planning model)

WSDManufacturers

WSDB. Specification of database algorithms & parameters.

A. Specification of characteristics of the incumbent service.

Source: presentation from Andy Gowans, Ofcom UK, January 2011

ETSI TC RRS (1/2)• ETSI Board decided to create a Technical Committee for Reconfigurable Radio

Systems (RRS) in January 2008– Responsible for standardization activities related to Reconfigurable Radio Systems encompassing

system solutions related to Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio (CR);– Chaired by Markus Mueck, Intel Mobile Communications, Germany– Terms of reference: http://portal.etsi.org/rrs/rrs_tor.asp

• Deployment scenarios: selected Examples from ETSI RRS(source: presentation from Dr. Markus Mueck)

• Use Cases related to SDR Selected links,

operated

simultaneously by


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• Use Cases related to SDR Reference Architecture for Mobile Device

– Terminal-Centric Configuration in a Heterogeneous Radio Context

– Network driven Terminal Configuration in a Heterogeneous Radio Context

– Addition of new features, such as support for novel radio systems, to Mobile Devices

– Provision of a new cognitive feature (e.g. cross-technology spectrum measurement)

WLAN AP

Mobile

Devices

Macro Base

Station

Macro Cell

Considered

MD

Pico Cell

Considered

MD

simultaneously by

considered Mobile

Device

MD

Configuration

Example 1

Considered

MD

Selected Link

WiMAX

MD

Configuration

Example 2

MD

Configuration

Example 3

Considered

MD

Selected links,

operated

simultaneously by

considered Mobile

Device

ETSI TC RRS (1/2)

• Use Cases related to Reconfigurable Radio Systems operating in IMT bands and GSM bands

– Spectrum refarming – Upgrading a pre-existing RAT and deploy of a new RAT to a pre-existing network – Addition of multiple standards modes – Radio Resource optimization– Cognition enabler


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Intra-RAT reconfiguration Inter-RAT reconfiguration

• RSPG Opinion on Cognitive Technologies (10 February 2011)

• Public consultation on a draft version of the Opinion was held from 23 November 2010 until 15 January 2011.

– Fifteen responses were submitted to the RSPG from a range of stakeholders, including mobile operators, broadcasters, manufacturers,

Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG)


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stakeholders, including mobile operators, broadcasters, manufacturers, researchers and academia.

– All responses can be found on the RSPG website: http://rspg.groups.eu.int/consultations/index_en.htm

Merci…


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Merci…

overview of regulatory activities on cognitive radio · 1b and published in report itu-r sm.2152....

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