overview of the immune system (class 1)€¦ · cells of immune system reside in lymphatic (green)...
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Overview of the Immune System
(Class 1)
Ed Ishiguro
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
And
The UVic Speakers Bureau
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Major function of immune system
• Offers protection against infectious
diseases
• Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi (molds),
parasitic worms, etc.
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Some essential facts about
microorganisms
• Most abundant and diverse forms of life on earth
• Found everywhere and impossible to avoid
• Vast majority are non-pathogenic
• Healthy humans naturally colonized by enormous number of microorganisms, mostly bacteria (we are 10 times microbial)
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Main properties of innate and acquired
(adaptive) immunity
Innate Acquired
Nonspecific Pathogen-specific
Rapid response Slow initial
response
No memory of
previous encounter
Retains memory of
first encounter
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Relative time courses and activities of
innate and acquired immune responses
Rela
tive i
mm
un
e a
cti
vit
y
Days
Innate
Acquired
Arrows indicate times
of microbial challenge
Primary response
Secondary response
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All blood cells derived from bone marrow “stem cell”
Innate immunity
Phagocytes (dual function)
Acquired immunity
(NK = “Natural Killer”)
The immune system = “white blood cells”
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Cells of immune system reside
in lymphatic (green) and
circulatory (red) systems
Figure 24.2, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 14th ed.,
Pearson Education, Inc., 2015
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Circulatory and lymphatic vessels are interconnected
(Circulation throughout body) (Circulation through lungs)
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Immune cells migrate through
blood and lymph
Figure 24.2, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 14th ed., Pearson Education, Inc., 2015
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Overview of Innate Immunity
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Innate immunity is the first line of
defense: non-cellular components
• Physical barriers: skin and mucus
secretions
• Antimicrobial proteins in tissues and
secretions– Our natural antibiotics designed for indiscriminate
killing of any microbial threats
11
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Innate immunity is the first line of
defense: cells of immune system
• Natural killer (NK) cells
• Phagocytes (also participate in acquired
immunity): e.g., macrophages and
neutrophils
12
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Natural killer cells recognize and kill
abnormal cells
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Infection (or any cause of tissue damage)
induces inflammation (a protective strategy)
(immune
cell)
Chemicals that
mediate symptoms
of inflammatory
reaction, e.g., fever,
edema, redness, etc.
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Infection (or any cause of tissue damage)
induces inflammation, cont’d
“vaso”: from Latin
meaning vessel
More innate immune
cells, e.g., neutrophils,
attracted to site by
chemicals released by
phagocyte