Overview of US Activities toward a Future Circular ColliderStuart HendersonFCC Kickoff MeetingFebruary 12, 2014

Thanks to Vladimir Shiltsev, Giorgio Apollinari, Lance Cooley

2

If you would understand anything, observe its beginning and its development - Aristotle

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

3

US Collider Activities – Selected Milestones

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

PROTON COLLIDER ACTIVITIES IN THE US

TIMELINE

PROJECT DETAILS

ICFA WORKSHOP AT FERMILAB

ICFA WORKSHOP AT CERN

CORNELL 20 TEV COLLIDER MEETING

SUPERCONDUCTING SUPERCOLLIDER CONCEPT

TEVATRON COMMISSIONED

FIRST P-PBAR COLLISIONS IN TEVATRON

SSC DESIGN STUDY COMPLETED

SSC SITE SELECTED

SSC CANCELLED

VLHC CONCEPT AT SNOWMASS

RHIC TURNS ON

VLHC DESIGN REPORT

TEVATRON COLLIDER RUN II STARTS

LHC STARTUP

TEVATRON SHUTDOWN

SNOWMASS 2013

FCC KICKOFF

4

Superconducting Super Collider

87 km, 20 TeV + 20 TeV proton-proton, L ~1033 cm-2 sec-1

• 1982: emerged from Snowmass study

• 1986: design study complete• 1988: Texas site selected and

construction began• 1993: Project terminated after

spending $2B• Seventeen shafts were sunk and

23 km (14.6 mi) of tunnel were bored

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

5

SSC Parameters

Circumference 87 kmEnergy per beam 20 TeVMagnetic field 6.6 TInjection energy 2 TeVLuminosity 1033 cm-2 sec-1

Ndipole (long/shrt) 7956/504

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

6

CDFDØ

Tevatron

Main Injector\Recycler

Antiprotonsource

Proton source

Tevatron Collider

7

Tevatron Developments

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

Shiltsev 8

Total delivered 12 fb-1 to each detector; peak record 4.3e32 cm-2 s-1 Tevatron Performance: 1992 - 2012

9

Very Large Hadron Collider: Two Stage Concept

233km tunnel Stage 1: 20+20 TeV p-p

Superferric magnets 2TTevatron as injector1034 luminosity

Stage 2: 100+100 TeVSC magnets 12TStage 1 as injector

Stage X: VLLC150-800 GeV e+e-?

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

VLHC Parameters

10

Stage 1 Stage 2Total Circumference (km) 233 233Center-of-Mass Energy (TeV) 40 200Number of interaction regions 2 2Peak luminosity (cm-2s-1) 1 x 1034 2.0 x 1034

Dipole field at collision energy (T) 2 11.2Average arc bend radius (km) 35.0 35.0Initial Number of Protons per Bunch 2.6 x 1010 5.4 x 109

Bunch Spacing (ns) 18.8 18.8* at collision (m) 0.3 0.5Free space in the interaction region (m) ± 20 ± 30Interactions per bunch crossing at Lpeak 21 55Debris power per IR (kW) 6 94Synchrotron radiation power (W/m/beam) 0.03 5.7Average power use (MW) for collider ring 25 100

11

VLHC Development Activities

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

VLHC Issues: Cost, Photon Stops and IR for 200TeVBeam dynamics at 20 TeV

Stage 1 Magnet Development: super-ferric transmission line

Stage 2 Magnet

12

What’s Next?

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

13

US LHC Involvement

The US HEP Community plays a substantial role in the scientific productivity of the LHC• Substantial US involvement in the construction of detectors and the

accelerator– The US contributed $164 million to the construction of the ATLAS detector and $167

million to the construction of the CMS detector. – The US contributed $200 million to the construction of the Large Hadron Collider.

• Approximately 2,000 scientists, students, engineers and technicians from 96 US institutions participate in the LHC.

– 23 percent of the ATLAS , and 33 percent of CMS collaboration members come from American institutions

– Since 2008, the work on the ATLAS and CMS experiments resulted in about 230 doctorate degrees for US students.

• The United States provides 23 percent of the computing power for the ATLAS experiment and 40 percent of the computing power for the CMS experiment.

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

Potential US Involvement in HL-LHC: LARP• The US is formulating plans for contributions to the upgrade of the LHC

Accelerator and Detectors• Several candidate scope elements have been under development• Process of convergence among CERN-DOE-U.S. Labs-LARP initiated in

Dec ‘2012• Initial consensus on core priorities which makes good use of US

accelerator expertise, and which makes critical contributions to LHC luminosity:– Committed to a major stake in 150 mm aperture Nb3Sn IR quads– Crab cavities up to the SPS test and possibly beyond to production– High bandwidth feedback was seen as a high impact contribution for modest

resources.• Back up options:

– 11 T dipoles• Proper “hand-off” if not continued in US

– Hollow electron beams for halo removal• Support some modest R&D into this effort in the event that circumstances allow its inclusion

14

15

US Planning Process: A Play In Three Acts

• Dept. of Energy Scientific Facilities Panel (Dec. 2012-Feb 2013)– Assessment of facilities which could be constructed in the next

decade • Community Summer Study, aka “Snowmass” (Aug 2013)

sponsored by American Physical Society– Community evaluation of scientific opportunities and strategic

goals• Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5)

– Official advisory body to the Department of Energy to articulate priorities for High Energy Physics under three budget scenarios

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

16

Snowmass (from the Executive Summary)

Several strategic goals have emerged from the Snowmass study.• Probe the highest possible energies and distance scales with the existing

and upgraded LHC and reach for even higher precision with a lepton collider; study the properties of the Higgs boson in full detail.

• Develop technologies for the long-term future to build multi-TeV lepton colliders and 100 TeV hadron colliders.

• Execute a program with the U.S. as host that provides precision tests of the neutrino sector with an underground detector; search for new physics in quark and lepton decays in conjunction with precision measurements of electric dipole and anomalous magnetic moments.

• Identify the particles that make up dark matter through complementary experiments deep underground, on the Earth's surface, and in space, and determine the properties of the dark sector.

• Map the evolution of the universe to reveal the origin of cosmic inflation, unravel the mystery of dark energy, and determine the ultimate fate of the cosmos.

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

17

Snowmass (from the Executive Summary)

The Snowmass study identified, in particular, the promise of a 100 TeV-class hadron collider (VLHC), which would provide a large step in energy with great potential for new insights into electroweak symmetry breaking and dark matter. The feasibility of such a machine should be clarified through renewed accelerator R&D and physics studies over the next decade.

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

18

Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5)

The P5 Process began in September and is expected to conclude by Spring, addressing the following charge:

“…develop an updated strategic plan for U.S. HEP that can be executed over a 10 year timescale, in the context of a 20-year global vision for the field.”

“…examine current, planned, and proposed US research capabilities and assess their role and potential for scientific advancement; assess their uniqueness and relative scientific impact in the international context; and estimate the time and resources…needed to achieve their goals.”

“…provide recommendations on the priorities for an optimized high energy physics program over the next ten years (FY14-23), under…three scenarios.”

“…provide a detailed perspective on whether and how the pursuit of possible major international partnerships (such as LHC upgrades, Japanese-hosted ILC, LBNE, etc.) might fit into the program you recommend…”

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

19

Technology for Future Colliders• US has developed and nurtured a very strong high-field magnet R&D program

through DOE/HEP– Nb3Sn conductor development program– High-field magnet program for developing accelerator magnets

• High Field Magnet and LARP programs have brought Nb3Sn accelerator magnet technology to the deployment stage for HiLumi

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

High Field QuadrupoleSQXF/LQXF1 m / 4 m long150 mm bore

11T Dipole

Long Quadrupole LQS

20

Technology for Future Colliders• Nb3Sn development lays the

groundwork for 15T Dipoles• Active R&D is underway to extend

reach beyond 15 T with HTS

Feb. 12 2014

S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

Bi-2212 after 100-bar HT

16 T

20 T

• Extensive development of SCRF technology and capabilities over the last decade, required for e+e- collider conceptsD. Larbalestier et. al.

21

Finally, regarding future U.S. involvement: my views

• There is broad acknowledgement that any future collider will need to be a global enterprise, requiring resources (financial, human) from across the globe

• The U.S. community wants to play a role in any future collider– There are several “grass-roots” activities domestically

• We are concentrating now on making HiLumi a success• …and appreciate that the next collider will require considerable

effort in design, R&D and garnering support• The U.S. community has invested in the critical technologies that

will be needed and sees R&D toward future colliders as a high priority

• A collaborative focus on magnet and SCRF technologies, and the beam dynamics aspects of large hadron and lepton colliders aligns well with US expertise at the national labs and universities

Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting

22 Feb. 12 2014S. Henderson | FCC Kickoff Meeting