overview quick facts element makeup electrical demand of hydrogen support of evidence social/...

OverviewOverview

Quick facts

Element makeup

Electrical demand of hydrogen

Support of evidence

Social/ political issues

Laws and regulations

Pros and cons of hydrogen (mostly environmental)

Hydrogen production

Work cited

HYDROGEN FACTSHYDROGEN FACTS

Word origin: The word hydrogen comes from the Greek word hydro (water) and genes (forming).

Discovery: Hydrogen was recognized as a distinct substance by Henry Cavendish in 1776.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.

Approximately 10-11 million metric tons of hydrogen are produced in the US each year; enough to power 20-30 million cars or 5-8 million homes.

Hydrogen is 14 times lighter than air.

The element hydrogenThe element hydrogen

Atomic Number: 1

Atomic Weight: 1.00794

Melting Point: 13.81 K (-259.34°C or -434.81°F)

Boiling Point: 20.28 K (-252.87°C or -423.17°F)

Density: 0.00008988 grams per cubic centimeter

Phase at Room Temperature: Gas

Element Classification: Non-metal

What evidence supports the idea that hydrogen can provide a significant proportion of electrical

demand in the future?

Availability The most abundant element in the universe (about 75%) Lightest of all gases On Earth, it is most commonly found in water, but is also

found in organic matter. Rarely found in its pure form. It can be produced from many other sources of energy

such as oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, and even biomass.

The United States alone already produces about 100 billion cubic feet of hydrogen per year.

Since it is very abundant, any region in the world could produce hydrogen from it own resources and sources of energy.

Continued…Continued…

As a resource Hydrogen is considered to be an energy carrier

Energy must be used to produce pure hydrogen, which can then be used as fuel or electric generation.

The method used to create pure hydrogen determines the environmental impact of hydrogen.

Continued…Continued… Uses

Fuel cells Liquid

Past and Present NASA

Liquid hydrogen used in space shuttles since the 1970s Hydrogen fuel cells power the electrical systems and

produce drinking water for astronauts. Used in liquid form by other countries to launch satellites

into space. Automobiles

Cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells are now commercially available in the United States and Europe.

Public Transportation.


Cost Hydrogen: about 1 dollar per gallon Gasoline: over 3 dollars per gallon


Future of Hydrogen: Ammonia pellets Solar Hydrogen

Does everybody agree with that evidence?

No Many people have pointed out the issues with using

hydrogen for an energy source. Steve Puma – “…it is a very impractical battery, with an

extremely low energy-to-volume ratio.” Lisa Zyga – “…the production of hydrogen depends on the

availability of energy and water, both of which are increasingly rare and may become political issues, as much as oil and natural gas are today,”

Jeff Wise – “skeptics say that Hydrogen promises to be a needlessly expensive solution for applications for which simpler, cheaper and cleaner alternatives already exist.”

Erik Sofge – Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, said that, “among other things it would take four miracles for hydrogen to work…”

What social/political What social/political problems does hydrogen problems does hydrogen

energy have?energy have?

Hydrogen energy in fact it can revolutionize fuel consumption and efficiency..

For example, in terms of distribution, as a very sensitive substance, transporting hydrogen from one place to another can really be a challenge.

Another threat is:Another threat is:

Pipe lines : are laid down on major roads in the United States to limit the exposure from Hydrogen of the surface structures.

Highly Expensive.

Do any laws or regulations prevent Do any laws or regulations prevent the deployment of new hydrogen the deployment of new hydrogen

power?power?

Laws and regulations purporting to the deployment, production and distribution of hydrogen are focused on the reporting dangers of producing Hydrogen energy from extraction to transportation.

United States government is strongly convinced of the benefits of developing hydrogen power in resolving the energy problems in the country and thus, instead of prohibiting or preventing the deployment of new hydrogen power is in fact encouraging the same.

Also…Also…

Cost problems.

Taxes involved.

What environmental What environmental problems does hydrogen problems does hydrogen

power pose? power pose?

Atmosphere Research estimates emissions into the

atmosphere growing from 60 to 120 trillion grams a year by replacing fossil fuel with hydrogen globally.


Ozone Estimates from the Caltech study of potential

hydrogen fuel effects on the planet's atmosphere show a 10 percent decrease in the ozone from the inevitable leaks.

Continued… Continued…

Greenhouse Effect A 2006 British science study names hydrogen

an indirect greenhouse gas.


Expense One of the biggest downsides about hydrogen

power is that it is woefully expensive

You’re wrongYou’re wrong

Common Misconception Proponents of hydrogen as a fuel believe that a

switch from hydrocarbons to hydrogen fuel is advantageous to the environment.

We need a few prosWe need a few pros

Energy

Ease of Production

Environmentally Friendly

Hydrogen productionHydrogen production

Hydrogen Production About 95 percent of the hydrogen currently

produced in the United States comes from natural gas processing called "steam methane reforming.”


Other Hydrogen Production The separation of hydrogen and oxygen by

hydrolysis (using electricity) is much less popular than steam methane reforming because it is so inefficient; only about 70 percent

Hydrogen CarHydrogen Car

Hydrogen Car (How it works)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRLn_yMCd44

Work CitedWork Cited

http://cafcp.org/stations/10factsH2

http://www.livescience.com/28466-hydrogen.html

http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele001.html

http://www.ehow.com/list_6152936_environmental-effects-hydrogen.html

http://www.ehow.com/about_5373437_pros-cons-using-hydrogen-power.html

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5009152_advantages-disadvantages-hydrogen-power.html

http://phys.org/news85074285.html

http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/next-generation/4199381>.

ContinuedContinued

http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/hydrogen/hydrogen_fuel_of_choice.html


http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/next-generation/4335827

http://www.alternatefuels.com/hydrogen.htm


http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/08/070821112346.htm

http://heshydrogen.com/hydrogen-fuel-cost-vs-gasoline/

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/hydrogen

http://sitemaker.umich.edu/section4group1/hydrogen_power










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