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GCSE Verse Literature

ADH

Classics

ClassicsOvid worksheets

This GCSE extract is from the Ars Amatoria, Ovid’s guide to finding a partner

and love. In this section, he ostensibly gives some guidance on the best

place to find a girlfriend, but then links it to his love of mythological history.

GCSE Verse Literature: Ovid – Advice to would-be lovers, Ars Amatoria I, 44-63; 89-126)

LATIN PROSE STYLE ANALYZER

a. rare words used

b. formulaic language (law, diplomacy, religion, etc.)

c. archaic, poetic or colloquial phrases

d. repetition or deliberate variation of synonymous words or phrases

e. metaphoric expressions

f. effective expressions in their imagery

g. choice of connecting words between sentences

h. abstract or concrete nouns

i. long or short sentences

j. easily comprehensible logic or working out the sentence

k. period sentence (constructed so that the reader is left with suspense until

the end)

l. concern for the rhythm of the phrases, esp. the last one

m. parallelism in arranging clauses

n. unusual arrangement of words, phrases and clauses for emphasis (first and

last - always!)

o. manipulation of word order (e.g. juxtaposition of contrasting words1)

p. deliberate or unconscious usage of previous authors’ material

q. brevitas or copia, i.e. ‘short and to the point’ or ‘flowery’ style

r. usage of reported speech

a. speeches directly or indirectly

b. syntax and diction manipulated to characterise a person speaking

c. perspective of anyone else beside the author, e.g. through their

reactions

s. figures of speech (see Rhetorical and Poetic figures of speech)

1 In literature, a juxtaposition occurs when two images that are otherwise not commonly brought together appear side by side or structurally close together, thereby forcing the reader to stop and reconsider the meaning of the text through the contrasting images, ideas, motifs, etc. For example, He was slouched gracefully is juxtaposition.

I


Basic style

Figure of speech Meaningalliteration repetition of sound at the beginning of words

anaphora repetition of words at the beginning of clausesanastrophe inversion of usual word orderasyndeton lack of connectives

chiasmus ABBA word orderepithet descriptive term or nickname

euphemism a more pleasant way to say somethinghyperbole exaggeration

litotes double negativemetonymy the substitution of one word for a closely related one

onomatopoeia word sounds like what it meanspersonification giving human qualities to inanimate objects

polyptoton one word in two different forms in the same sentencepolysyndeton many connectors such as -que and et

synchysis ABAB word ordersyncope cutting off of a letter or syllable

synecdoche part for the wholeasyndeton lack of connectives (“and”-s)

II


44-50

quaerenda est oculis apta puella tuis. A suitable girl must be sought with your eyes.

scit bene venator, cervis ubi retia tendat; A hunter knows well, where he should stretch out his nets for stags.

scit bene, qua frendens valle moretur aper. He knows well, in which valley a boar waits gnashing his teeth.

aucupibus noti frutices; qui sustinet hamos, The bushes are well known by bird catchers; he who holds fish-hooks,

novit quae multo pisce natentur aquae. knows which waters are teeming with many fish.

tu quoque, materiam longo qui quaeris amori, You also, who seek the subject matter of long-lasting love,

ante frequens quo sit disce puella loco. must first learn the place in which (to find) numerous girls.

Pick out Latin for:Your eyes: ……………………………………….

Stretch out his nets: ………………………………………………….

Wild boar gnashing his teeth: ……………………………………..

For bird catchers: ………………………………………

Teeming with many fish: ………………………………………

Of the long-lasting love: ………………………………………….

Learn the place: …………………………………….

III


Answer these questions:

Find in the text all the instances of the word quero. What do you think is the reason Ovid puts such an emphasis on this verb?

Give all the examples of hunting Ovid presents to the reader. What is the reason Romans thought finding love is similar to hunting?

What effect does the position of oculis apta puella tuis (chiasmus) suggests to the reader?

What is the effect of the repetition of scit in the second and third line? What is the reason you think that Ovid finds this verb important?

Again, where else in the poem does Ovid emphasise the same point. What stylistic feature does he use to make this point ever more noticeable? [two examples]

IV


51-56

non ego quaerentem vento dare vela iubebo,

nec tibi, ut invenias, longa terenda via est.

Andromedan Perseus nigris portarit ab Indis,

raptaque sit Phrygio Graia puella viro:

tot tibi tamque dabit formosas Roma puellas,

"haec habet" ut dicas "quicquid in orbe fuit."

Gargara quot segetes, quot habet Methymna

racemos,

aequore quot pisces, fronde teguntur aves,

quot caelum stellas, tot habet tue Roma puellas:

mater in Aeneae constitit urbe sui.

Fill in the gaps in the translation:

I am not ordering you to …………………………………………………. in your

quest, nor that you should tread a long road …………………………………...

Granted that Perseus brought Andromeda

……………………………………………. and the Greek Girl (i.e. Helen) may have

been snatched ………………………………………….. (i.e. Paris); Rome will give

to you …………………………………………………………….. girls, that you will say

"Here's everything (of beauty) to be found ……………………………………..."

As many girls as Gargara has grains of corn, as many girls as Methymna

has …………………………………………………., as there are fish in the sea, as

there are birds that ……………………………………………….. in the foliage, as

many …………………………… in the sky, ……………………………………… has so

many girls: Aeneas' own mother (i.e. Venus)

……………………………………………………….. in this city.

V


Style Questions:What is the effect of Ovid starting this part with repeated negatives?

Find pairs of things that you don’t need to do to get a girl, according to Ovid.

What does Ovid try to achieve by saying nigris ….ab Indis?

Does this remind of something in the previous section: Phrygio Graia puella viro? Observe the position of words. What do we call this and what effect it has?

Find alliterations in this sections and explain their effect.

What effect does anaphora of quot have?

TASK: How does Ovid put a point across that Rome is the love capital of the world?

VI


57-63

seu caperis primus et adhuc crescentibus annis, If you were to catch her in her early years and still growing,

ante oculos veniet vera puella tuos: the girl who is right for you will appear before your eyes:

sive cupis iuvenem, iuvenes tibi milles placebunt. If it is a young one you want, there will be a thousand young ones there to please you.

Task: Highlight in the same colours words that correspond in Latin and English.

Style:‘caperis’ – How fitting is the verb in this context? Consider the Roman context and the way of life.

Find the successful chiasmus in the line two. What makes the intruder verb appropriate in the context? Explain.

‘cupis’/ ‘placebunt’ is ……………………………………., while iuvenem, iuvenes is ………………………………………….. What is the effect of these? Explain.

‘a thousand young ones’ – what is suggested about this? Is it really that number? Find a modern equivalent of this expression.

VII


89-92 Add translation after you fill in the grid below:

sed tu praecipue curvis venare theatris: ……………………………………………………………………………………

haec loca sunt voto fertiliora tuo. …………………………………………………………………………………

illic invenies quod ames, quod ludere possis,

…………………………………………………………………………………

quodque semel tangas, quodque tenere velis. ……………………………………………………………………………………

VIII


Re-arrange the poetic Latin into normal prose word order (subject-object-verb). Some parts are completed for you:

POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERBSed tu precipue curvis venare theatris:

sed Tu (you) NONEpraecipue ………………….; theatris = in theatris ……………………………………..

......................... + venare (to hunt)

Haec loca sunt voto fertiliora tuo.

NONE Haec loca (these places)

NONE Voto tuo

………………………………………………………………. + fertiliora (more

…………………)Illic invenies quod ames,

NONE…………………

Quod

…………………Illic ……………………………

Invenies (you will find);

ames ……………………

Quod ludere possis, NONE [in the verb] Quod (what) NONE ludere possis………………………………………………

Quodque semel tangas, …………………

[in the verb] Quod ………….

Semel ………………………….. tangas(you touch)

Quodque tenere velis. -que (and)

………………………………..

Quod ………….

NONE Tenere velis. …………………………………………

Style Notes:

Venare: We return to the idea of hunting again.Theatris: Theatres are apparently a common place in Rome for finding a partner.

Fertiliora: The comparative of fertiliora may emphasise the importance of fertility to a long term relationship.

Voto: voto (a prayer – strong vocabulary) shows the desperation for a partner.

Quod: Anaphora of quod shows that whatever kind of relationship you’re after (short or long term), you’ll find at the theatre.

Ames, ludere possis, tangas, tenere velis: This variation is also shown by the different verbs; love, play, touch once, hold onto.

IX


93-98

ut redit itque frequens longum formica per agmen, As ants return (to the nest) in large numbers and go in a long column,

granifero solitum cum vehit ore cibum, when they carry their customary food in their grain-carrying mouths,

aut ut apes salusque suos et olentia nactae or as bees, having got to their glades and fragrant pastures,

pascua per flores et thyma summa volant, fly through the flowers and the tallest thyme,

sic ruit ad celebres cultissima femina ludos: In this way the most elegant woman rushes to the famous shows:

copia iudicium saepe morata meum est. My judgement is often delayed by their abundance.

Find Latin for:

In a long column: ……………………………………………………

Grain-carrying mouths: ……………………………………………………….

To their glades and fragrant pastures:

…………………………………………………..

Fly through: ………………………………………………….

The most elegant woman: …………………………………………..

My judgement is delayed: ………………………………………….

X


Style questions:

1. What is a simile?

2. Find the simile in this section and explain how it corresponds with what it is happening.

3. What effect do ‘rediit’ and ‘it’ have?

4. Explain the verb ‘ruit’, does it work in the context and why?

5. ‘cultissima’ is superlative. What would be our style comment for its usage?

6. What is the reason Ovid put copia at the beginning of the line and what effect does ‘morata meum’ have?

XI


99-108

Fill in the gaps in translation:

spectatum veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae: ………………. to watch, but they (also) come so that they ……………………… can be watched:

ille locus casti damna pudoris habet. that place is a dead loss of ………………………………….

primus sollicitos fecisti, Romule, ludos, It was you, Romulus, who ……………………………… made these shows troublesome,

cum iuvit viduos rapta Sabina viros. when the …………………………………. delighted the single men.

tunc neque marmoreo pendebant vela theatro, Back then no awnings hung from the ……………………………………..,

nec fuerant liquido pulpita rubra croco; and the stage had not been made red …………………………………..;

illic quas tulerant nemorosa Palatia frondes in that place, leaves which ……………………………………Palatine Hill had produced were spread

simpliciter, positae scaena sine arte fuit; ………………………….., the stage was ………………………………;

XII


in gradibus sedit populus de caespite factis, the people sat on the steps ………………………………….,

qualibet hirsutas fronde tegente comas. with leaves covering their shaggy hair …………………………

Style questions:

Comment the lines: spectatum veniunt, veniunt spectentur – what do you notice?

Find out more about the story of Romulus and the Sabine women. Write a short summary here:

What is point is Ovid making by reminding the readers about this 700 years old story (to us it is over 2700 year old story!)

Look at the word order in viduos rapta Sabina viros. What is Ovid doing here - again?

What does neque… nec…. suggests about the old theatres?

simpliciter and sine arte: Explain Ovid’s point. What other points does Ovid make to show this simplicity?

XIII


109-116

respiciunt, oculisque notant sibi quisque puellam They watched, and each marked out a girl he wanted for himself with their eyes,

quam velit, et tacito pectore multa movent. and they made many plans in their silent hearts.

dumque rudem praebente modum tibicine Tusco, And while the stage player, with an Etruscan flute-player providing a rough tune

ludius aequatam ter pede pulsat humum, beats the levelled earth three times with his foot,

in medio plausu (plasus tunc arte carebant) amidst the applause (the applause was lacking skill there)

rex populo praedae signa petenda dedit, the king gave the long-awaited signal to his people for the booty (i.e. Kidnap/Rape)

protinus exsiliunt, animum clamore fatentes, They leapt up straight away, proclaiming their intention with a shout,

virginibus cupidas iniciuntque manus. and lay their lustful hands on the virgin girls.

XIV


Style Notes:Look at the annotated Latin. Each annotation represents a potential style comment. See how many you can identify yourself. Then compare your finds with the members of your group.

XV


117-123 Write the translation here after you fill in the grid below:

ut fugiunt aquilas, timidissima turba, columbae, …………………………………………………………………………………

utque fugit visos agna novella lupos: …………………………………………………………………………………

sic illae timuere viros sine lege ruentes; …………………………………………………………………………………

constit in nulla qui fuit ante color. …………………………………………………………………………………

nam timor unus erat, facies non una timoris: …………………………………………………………………………………

pars laniat crines, pars sine mente sedet; …………………………………………………………………………………

altera maesta silet, frustra vocat altera matrem; …………………………………………………………………………………

haec queritur, stupet haec; haec manet, illa fugit; …………………………………………………………………………………

ducuntur raptae, genialis praeda, puellae, …………………………………………………………………………………

et potuit multas ipse decere timor. …………………………………………………………………………………

XVI


POETIC LATIN INTRO WORD

SUBJECT(S) OBJECT OTHER BITS VERB

Ut fugiunt aquilas, timidissima turba, columbae,

Ut (as) columbae……………….., timidissima turba…………..

Aquilas

………………..

NONE……………………………………………..

Utque fugit visos agna novella lupos:

………….. agna novella …………………………………….

visos ……………

NONE Fugit (flees)

Sic illae timuere viros sine lege ruentes

Sic…………………………… …………….

Sine lege (without law, i.e. lawless)

Timuere = timuerunt

………………………………..Constit in nulla qui fuit ante color.

NONE Color (the colour) NONE In nulla (in any of them); Qui fuit ante (which was there before)

………………………………………

nam timor unus erat, facies non una timoris: …………….

……………………...; una facies (one face) ……………..; timoris (of

fear)

unus + …………………

pars laniat crines, pars sine mente sedet;

NONE Pars… pars… (some… others)………………………….

Sine mente (without mind, i.e. mindless

Laniat …………………………..; ……………………….

altera maesta silet, frustra vocat altera matrem;

NONE Altera maesta… altera (one mournful… another) ……………………….

Frustra (in vain)……………………….; vocat (calls)

haec queritur, stupet haec; haec manet, illa fugit;

NONE……………………………………………..

NONE NONE Queritur (is complaining), stupet (is dumbstruck); ………………………………………………………………………….

ducuntur raptae, genialis praeda, puellae,

NONE Puellae, genialis praeda

……………………………………………….

NONE Raptae (PPP)

……………………..………………………………………

et potuit multas ipse decere timor.

et (and) Timor ipse (the fear itself)……………………….

NONE Potuit + decere

……………………………….

XVII


In this section of text find the examples of the following stylistic features:

1. A nature-based simile x 2

2. Superlative with alliteration

3. Diminutive (look up if you don’t know what this means)

4. Symbol for Rome

5. Chiasmus with polyptoton

6. Various anaphoras

7. Chiasmus

8. Choice of word, e.g. praeda

9. Contrast

10. Historic present

11. What do you think the last line suggests? XVIII

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