oxides and pyrometallurgy - crct, École … and pyrometallurgy - copper extraction from sulfide...

Oxides and Pyrometallurgy

- Copper Extraction from Sulfide Concentrates

- Using Equilib Program

• Selection of databases

• Phase selection

• ?Slag and ?Monoxide

• Transition calculation

2010MontrealOxides and Pyrometallurgy 1

• Transition calculation

• Export of results to Excel and plotting

- Phase Diagrams of Oxide Systems

• In equilibrium with metals

• At fixed or variable oxygen pressure

• Being on a join

Copper Extraction from Sulfide Concentrates

Copper SulfideConcentrate SMELTING

Blast FurnaceReverberatory Flash

MitsubishiNoranda

Matte

Slag Discardor Treatment

25-30% Cu28-34% Fe28-34% S2-6% SiO2

Small amount of Pb, Zn, Ni, Ca, etc.

~1250oCP(O2) = 10-9-10-11

atmP(S2) = 10-2 atm

Slag

0.2-2% Cu0.2-1.3% S

40-73% Cu

ROASTING


CONVERTING

Blister Copper

Matte

Slag

or Treatment

~1250oCP(O2) = 10-6-10-9 atmP(S2) = 10-6 -10-7 atm

40-73% Cu30-6% Fe30-20% S2-8% Cu

25% SiO2

SlagCleaning

Direct Smelting: Matte/Slag/Cu equilibrium- Can all three phases Matte/Slag/Cu be in equilibriu m?

- Operating variables:

• Temperature

• Oxygen pressure

• Fe/SiO2 ratio in the Slag

• Amount of CaO in the Slag

- Subjects to examine:


• Losses of Cu into Slag

• Distribution of minor elements, Pb and Zn, among Matte, Slag and Cu

- Chemical system: Cu-Fe-Si-O-S + Ca-Pb-Zn

- Does this task make sense?

- At T=const there are 4-2=2 degrees of freedom => fix P(O2), vary Fe/SiO2

- Study the effect of CaO at constant amount of CaO in the Slag

- Pb(Slag)/Pb(Cu) will approach a constant as the amount of Pb approaches zero

Fe-Cu-O-S System


Cu-S System

[79Mou]

[76Bal]2 Liquids [79Jud]

[51Sch]

[54Sud]

[90Mas]

[92Gla]

[84Nie]

[72Coo]

[66Ros]

[77Pot]

[60Weh]

[60Joh]

[47Jen]

T ( °° °°

C)

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200


[79Mou]

fcc + Digenite

[47Jen]

fcc + Chalcocite I

fcc + Chalcocite II

Digenite + Liquid

Covellite + Liquid

Mole fraction S0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0

200

400

600

800

Selection of DatabasesFactSage 6.1 - Summary of Databases

Compound Databases :

Coupled Compound & Solution Databases :

Package:

Other databases :

Overview of databases

FACT53 - FACT 5.3 compound database: Gaseous speciesSGPS - SGTE pure substances database

FToxid - oxide database for slags, glasses, ceramics, refractories Slag, OxidesFTsalt - salt database FThall - Hall alumium database FThelg - aqueous (Helgeson) database

FTmisc - miscealleneous database for sulfides, alloys, etc. Matte, Sulfides, Liquid metalsFTpulp - pulp and paper database (and corrosion and combustion)


Other databases :

Databases:

Databases :

Other Databases:

FTlite - light metal database (formerly FSlite) Metal phases

FScopp - copper alloy databaseFSlead - lead alloy database

FSstel - steel database Metal phasesFSupsi - ultrapure silicon database

SGnobl - noble metal database (formerly FSnobl) SGnucl - nuclear database

SGTE(2007) - alloy database (formerly SGTE (2004)) Metal phasesSGsold - solders database BINARY - (2004) free alloy database

TDNucl - Thermodata nuclear database

VV

V

V

FTmisc - FACT miscellaneous databases

- the system S-Fe-Ni-Co-Cr :

Liquid sulfide [FTmisc-MAT2] – from pure metal to pure sulfur

Solid sulfide phases

- the matte smelting system S-Cu-Fe-Ni-Co-Pb-Zn-As :

Liquid matte [FTmisc-MATT] – liquid sulfide, does not extend to pure metal.

It is designed for calculation of matte / slag / metal equilibria

Consistent with FToxid-SLAG, FTmisc-CuLQ and FTmisc-PbLQ


It is not consistent with solid sulfide phases

- Liquid copper or speiss [FTmisc-CuLQ] – Cu-Pb-Zn-As-Fe-Ni-Au-S-O

- Liquid Fe [FTmisc-FeLQ] with dilute solutes Al, B, Bi, C, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Nb, Ni, O, P, Pb, S, Sb, Si, Te, Ti, V, W, Zn, Zr

- Liquid Pb [FTmisc-PbLQ] with dilute solues Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cu, Fe, Na, O, S, Sb, Sn, Zn

Selection of Databases


Input for Having Matte + Slag + Cu in Equilibrium


Fixing Oxygen Pressure


Selection of Stoichiometric Solids from FToxid


Selection of Solutions

ASlag or ?Slag


ASlag or ?Slag?MonoxideDormant phases

Calculatetransitions

Transitions

Check that the Matte and Cu phases contain the righ t amount of sulphur


A Series of Calculations


Output Results in Excel


Select Species for Output


Fe-Zn-Si-O System


Cu losses to Slag

Wt%-Cu_FToxid-SLAGA#1

3.6

3.65

3.7

3.75W

t% C

u in

SLA

G

lgP(O 2)=-8


3.45

3.5

3.55

3.6

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Fe/SiO2

Wt%

Cu

in S

LAG

Distribution of Pb between Slag and Cu

Pb(Sl/Cu)

0.8

1

1.2

1.4W

t% P

b(S

lag)

/Wt%

Pb(

Cu)

lgP(O 2)=-8


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Fe/SiO2

Wt%

Pb(

Sla

g)/W

t% P

b(C

u)

Distribution of Pb between Slag and Matte

Pb(Sl/Mt)

3

4

5

6W

t% P

b(S

lag)

/Wt%

Pb(

Mat

te)

lgP(O 2)=-8


0

1

2

3

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Fe/SiO2

Wt%

Pb(

Sla

g)/W

t% P

b(M

atte

)

Wt%-Cu_FToxid-SLAGA#1

6.65

6.7

6.75

6.8

6.85

6.9W

t% C

u in

SLA

G

Cu losses to Slag

lgP(O 2)=-7


6.35

6.4

6.45

6.5

6.55

6.6

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2

Fe/SiO2

Wt%

Cu

in S

LAG

Pb(Sl/Cu)

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Wt%

Pb(

Sla

g)/W

t% P

b(C

u)

Distribution of Pb between Slag and Cu

lgP(O 2)=-7


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2

Fe/SiO2

Wt%

Pb(

Sla

g)/W

t% P

b(C

u)

Pb(Sl/Mt)

10

12

14

16

18

Wt%

Pb(

Sla

g)/W

t% P

b(M

atte

)

Distribution of Pb between Slag and Matte

lgP(O 2)=-7


0

2

4

6

8

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2

Fe/SiO2

Wt%

Pb(

Sla

g)/W

t% P

b(M

atte

)

Fe-Zn-Si-O System


Fe-O System


Fe-O System

Fe-LIQUID + ASlag-liq

Fe(s) + ASlag-liq

Fe(s2) + AMonoxide

ASlag-liqASlag-liq + gas_ideal

ASpinel + gas_ideal

AM

ono

xid

e

AS

pin

el +

Fe 2

O3(

s)

AS

pin

el +

AM

ono

xid

e

1 atmT

(C)

1200

1400

1600

1800


Fe(s) + AMonoxide

Fe(s) + ASpinel

Fe2O3(s) + gas_ideal

AS

pin

el +

Fe

AS

pin

el +

AM

ono

xid

e

mole O/(Fe+O)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

400

600

800

1000

Fe-O System


Fe-O System

ASlag-liq + gas_ideal

Fe(s2) + AMonoxide

Fe(s) + ASlag-liq

Fe-LIQUID + ASlag-liq ASlag-liq

AM

onox

ide

AS

pine

l

Fe 2

O3(s

)

P=10000 atm

T(C

)

1200

1400

1600

1800


Fe2O3(s) + gas_ideal

Fe(s) + ASpinel

Fe(s) + AMonoxide

AS

pine

l

Fe

mole O/(Fe+O)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

400

600

800

1000

Fe-O System

T, K

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

Magnetite

Hem

atite

Wustite

SlagFe-liq+Slag

Fe-bcc+Slag

Fe-fcc+Slag

Fe-fcc+Wustite

1702

1801

1667

1644

1818

1863

[31Pfe][35Gre]

10-2

10-4

10-6

10-8

1

10-4

10-6

1

10-2

10-10

10-12

10-6

10-8


FeO-Fe2O3 phase diagram: experimental points and calculated lines. Dashed lines are oxygen isobars (atm).

Weight % Fe2O3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

800

900

1000

1100

1200

FeO Fe2O3

827

[45Dar]

[57Egn]

[66Ack][65Val]

[69Lyk][70Cam][74Tou][80Tak]

[46Dar]

10-12

10-8

10-10

10-16

10-28

10-24

10-16

10-20

Fe-Zn-O System


Fe-Zn-O System

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

O

Zincite

ASlag-liq

ASpinel

Zincite+O2

ASpinel+O2

1500oC


0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Fe Znmole fraction

Fe-LIQUID + Zincite

ASlag-liq

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2

FeO-ZnO System (oxide phases only)



ASlag-liq

T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide Zincite

mole ZnO/(FeO+ZnO)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200


Phases do not have any Fe 2O3


FeO-ZnO System (oxide phases and pure Fe)



ASlag-liq + Fe(liq)

ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(liq)

T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000

Convergency problems, missing lines


AMonoxide ZinciteAMonoxide + Zincite + Fe(s2)

mole ZnO/(FeO+ZnO)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

FeO-ZnO System in Equilibrium with Metals


Oxide phases

Metal phases from FSstel



Oxide phases



ASlag-liq + Fe-LIQUID

Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2

FeO - ZnO - Femole Fe/(FeO+ZnO+Fe) = 0.001

T(C

)

1600

1800

2000


Zincite + FCC(c,n)

AMonoxide + FCC(c,n)

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2

mole ZnO/(FeO+ZnO+Fe)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Metals vs FeO-ZnO


Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2

ASlag-liq


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


Zincite + FCC(c,n)


AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2

AMonoxide Zincite


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400



Oxide phases

Metal phases from SGTE


ASlag-liq + BCC_A2

ASlag-liq + LIQUID

LIQUID + Zincite


T(C

)

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + FCC_A1

AMonoxide + BCC_A2BCC_A2 + Zincite

FCC_A1 + Zincite

AMonoxide + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Metals (FSstel vs SGTE)

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2

ASlag-liq + LIQUID

LIQUID + Zincite


Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + FCC_A1

AMonoxide + BCC_A2BCC_A2 + Zincite

FCC_A1 + Zincite

AMonoxide + BCC_A2

Zincite + FCC(c,n)


AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400



Oxide phases

Stoichiometric metal phases from Fact53


Zincite + Fe(liq)

Zincite + Fe(s)ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

ASlag-liq + Fe(liq)


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


Zincite + Fe(s2)

Zincite + Fe(s)AMonoxide + Fe(s)

AMonoxide + Fe(s2)


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Metals: FSstel vs pure Fe

Zincite + Fe(liq)

Zincite + Fe(s)ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

ASlag-liq + Fe(liq)ASlag-liq + Fe-LIQUID

Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2


T(C

)

1600

1800

2000


Zincite + Fe(s2)

Zincite + Fe(s)AMonoxide + Fe(s)

AMonoxide + Fe(s2)

Zincite + FCC(c,n)


AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400



Oxide phases

Only one metal phase, Fe(s), from Fact53


ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)


T(C

)

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Metals: FSstel vs Fe(s)

ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)


Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)

Zincite + FCC(c,n)


AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Fe(s) vs FeO-ZnO

ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)

ASlag-liq


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s)

AMonoxide Zincite


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400



Oxide phases

Pure Fe and Zn (sol. and liq.) from Fact53


ASlag-liq + Zn(liq)

ASlag-liq + Fe(liq)

Zincite + Zn(liq)

ASlag-liq + Fe(s)Zincite + Fe(s)

ASlag-liq + Zincite + Fe(liq)


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + Fe(s2)

AMonoxide + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s2)

Zincite + Fe(s)


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Fe & Zn (s,l) vs FSstel

Zincite + Fe(s)

Zincite + Zn(liq)

ASlag-liq + Fe(s)

ASlag-liq + Fe(liq)

ASlag-liq + Zn(liq)


Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + Fe(s2)

AMonoxide + Fe(s) Zincite + Fe(s)

Zincite + Fe(s2)

Zincite + FCC(c,n)


AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO System in Equilibrium with Metals and Gas


Oxide phases


Gaseous species from Fact53



Oxide phases, all Metal phases from FSstel

Gaseous species only from Fact53



ASlag-liq + BCC_A2



T(C

)

1600

1800

2000



AMonoxide + BCC_A2 BCC_A2 + Zincite

Zincite + FCC(c,n)

gas_ideal + ZinciteAMonoxide + gas_ideal

ASlag-liq + FCC(c,n)


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400



ASlag-liq + BCC_A2



Zincite + Fe-LIQUID

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2


T(C

)

1400

1600

1800

2000

Red and blue curves are calculated without gas



AMonoxide + BCC_A2 BCC_A2 + Zincite

Zincite + FCC(c,n)

gas_ideal + Zincite

AMonoxide + gas_ideal

ASlag-liq + FCC(c,n)

Zincite + FCC(c,n)


AMonoxide+BCC_A2

AMonoxide+BCC_A2

Zincite + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Metals at P=100 atm


FeO-ZnO in Equilibrium with Metals at P=100 atm

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2



gas_ideal + Zincite

Fe-LIQUID + Zincite

FeO - ZnO - FeP=100 atm, mole Fe/(FeO+ZnO+Fe) = 0.001

T(C

)

1600

1800

2000


AMonoxide + BCC_A2


BCC_A2 + Zincite

Zincite + FCC(c,n)

AMonoxide + BCC_A2


T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

800

1000

1200

1400

Fe-Zn-O System

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

O

Zincite

ASlag-liq

ASpinel

Zincite+O2

ASpinel+O2

1500oC


0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Fe Znmole fraction

Fe-LIQUID + Zincite

ASlag-liq

ASlag-liq + BCC_A2

Oxide Phase Diagrams under Reducing Conditions

- Metal phases must be selected

- Step a bit off an oxide section towards metals

- FSstel is needed to see the right metal phases in equilibrium


- Metal phases often have only a minor effect on oxide phase boundaries

- If you do not have FSstel or SGTE database for meta l phases, select metals from Fact53

- Do not forget the gas phase

FeO-CoO System in Equilibrium with Metals


Oxide phases, Gaseous species



BCC_A2 + AMonoxide

FCC(c,n) + AMonoxide

FeO - CoO - Femole Fe/(FeO+CoO) = 0.001

T(C

)

700

900

1100

1300


BCC_A2 + ASpinel

FCC(c,n) + ASpinel

HCP(c,n) + ASpinel

HCP(c,n) + ASpinel + AMonoxide

FCC(c,n) + ASpinel + AMonoxide

mole CoO/(FeO+CoO)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1100

300

500

700

FeO-CoO System in Equilibrium with Pure Fe and Co


Oxide phases, Gaseous species

Metal phases from Fact53



Oxide phases

Fe and Co from Fact53


AMonoxide + Co(s2)

AMonoxide + Fe(s2) + Co(s2)

AMonoxide + Fe(s2)

AMonoxide + Fe(s) + Co(s2)


T(C

)

700

900

1100

1300


ASpinel + AMonoxide + Co(s)

ASpinel + AMonoxide + Co(s2)

ASpinel + Fe(s) + Co(s)

ASpinel + Fe(s) + Co(s2)

ASpinel + Co(s)

ASpinel + Co(s2)

mole CoO/(FeO+CoO)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1100

300

500

700

FeO-CoO in Equilibrium with Fe and Co vs FSstel

AMonoxide + Fe(s2)

AMonoxide + Co(s2)

BCC_A2 + AMonoxide

FCC(c,n) + AMonoxide

FeO - CoO - Comole Co/(FeO+CoO) = 0.001

900

1100

1300


ASpinel + Fe(s) + Co(s)

ASpinel + Fe(s) + Co(s2)

ASpinel + Fe(s)

AMonoxide + Fe(s)

ASpinel + Co(s2)

ASpinel + Co(s)

AMonoxide + Co(s)

BCC_A2 + ASpinel

FCC(c,n) + ASpinel

HCP(c,n) + ASpinel

BCC_A2 + AMonoxide

HCP(c,n) + ASpinel + AMonoxide

FCC(c,n) + ASpinel + AMonoxide

mole CoO/(FeO+CoO)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1100

300

500

700

FeO-CoO System in Equilibrium with Pure Co

AMonoxide + Co(s2)


T(C

)

700

900

1100

1300


ASpinel + Co(s)

ASpinel + Co(s2)

mole CoO/(FeO+CoO)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1100

300

500

700

FeO-CoO System in Equilibrium with Pure Fe

AMonoxide + Fe(s)

AMonoxide + Fe(s2)


T(C

)

700

900

1100

1300


ASpinel + Fe(s)

AMonoxide + Fe(s)

mole CoO/(FeO+CoO)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1100

300

500

700

Fe-Co-O System in Equilibrium with Metals



0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

O

AS

pinel + AM

onoxide + BC

C_A

2

Fe2O3(s)AMonoxide

AMonoxide

ASpinel

700oC


0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Fe Comole fraction

BCC_A2 FCC(c,n)

AS

pinel + AM

onoxide + BC

C_A

2

ASpinel + AMonoxide + FCC(c,n)ASpinel + FCC(c,n) + BCC_A2

Fe-Co-O System in Equilibrium with Pure Metals


Oxide phases

Fe and Co from Fact53

Fe-Co-O System in Equilibrium with Pure Metals

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9 0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

O

ASpinel + gas_ideal

AMonoxideAMonoxide

ASpinel

Fe2O3

700oC


0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Fe Comole fraction

Co(s2) + AMonoxide + Fe(s)

Fe2O3-Cr2O3 System in Equilibrium with Air


Gas phase must be selected even though it does not form


ASlag-liq

Fe2O3 - Cr2O3 - O2p(O2) = 0.21 atm

T(C

)

2100

2300

2500


ASpinel

M2O3(corundum)

mole Cr2O3/(Fe2O3+Cr2O3)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 11300

1500

1700

1900

MgO-Cr2O3 System at P(O2)=10-5.5 atm



ASpinel

AM

onox

ide

ASlag-liq

gas_ideal

ASlag-liq

MgO - Cr 2O3 - O2p(O2) = 10

-5.5 atm

T(C

)

2200

2600

3000


ASpinel

AM

onox

ide

ASpinel + Cr2O3(s)

mole Cr2O3/(MgO+Cr2O3)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 11000

1400

1800

MgO-Cr 2O3 System at P(O2)=10-5.5 atm


Gas phase must be selected, but it can be made dormant

MgO-Cr2O3 System at P(O2)=10-5.5 atm, Dormant Gas

AM

onox

ide

ASpinel

ASlag-liq

MgO - Cr 2O3 - O2p(O2) = 10

-5.5 atm

T(C

)

2200

2600

3000


AM

onox

ide

ASpinel

ASpinel + Cr2O3(s)

mole Cr2O3/(MgO+Cr2O3)

T(C

)

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 11000

1400

1800

Fe-Cr-O System at 1300 °C


Oxide phases




Oxide phases

Nothing from Fact53 and from FSstel


ASpinel

M2O3(corundum)

AMonoxide

Fe - Cr - O21300

oC

2)) (

atm

)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0


BCC_A2

FC

C(c

,n)

FCC(c,n) + ASpinel

FCC(c,n) + M2O3(corundum)

BCC_A2 + M2O3(corundum)

mole Cr/(Fe+Cr)

log 1

0(p(

O2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

oxides and pyrometallurgy - crct, École … and pyrometallurgy - copper extraction from sulfide...

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