oyunsanaa byambasuren - apafri prescribed burning... · oyunsanaa byambasuren unisdr-regional...

2017 Asia Forest Fire Management Training Seoul, Republic of Korea, 15-22 October 2017

Oyunsanaa ByambasurenUNISDR-Regional Central Asia Wildland Fire Network

Fire Management Resource Center – Central Asia Regionc/o National University of Mongolia

Prescribed Fire and Plans

Prescribed Fire Operations

Smoke Management

Contents

Introduction to Prescribed Fire

Prescribed Fire Introduction

Prescribed fire is fire that is planned and implemented to accomplish specific management goals

Wildfire is fire that is unwanted from human point of view

An “escaped fire” is a prescribed fire that is transitioning to a wildfire

The procedure of setting a prescribed fire is called PRESCRIBED BURNING, which helps reduce the catastrophic damage of wildfire on lands and surrounding settlements

Prescribed Fire: Getting Started

Where to begin?! Fire can be a scary thing!- First, think about what the prescribed fire is intended to do: most

problems arise from poor planning


Where to begin?! Fire can be a scary thing!- First, think about what the prescribed fire is intended to do: most

problems arise from poor planning

- Start small!


The question of liability – it can be mitigated by appropriate planning and timing

- For most burns with legitimate objectives, typical insurance policies should be in effect (make sure!)

- Check a local laws and regulations – they can vary by country and locally specific


Understand your local jurisdiction and laws – who is in charge?

- State, province, district, village, etc.

Understand what factors may make a particular day better or worse for burning

Always coordinate with emergency response authorities!

Prescribed Fire: Planning

Most important part of a prescribed fire:- Prescribed Burn Plan

The Prescribed Burn Plan includes plan-of-action for all component of fire:

Objectives Acceptable Conditions Strategy and Tactics Communications Maps / Topography

Organization Equipment / Resources Ignition and Mop-up Smoke Management Contingencies

Prescribed Fire: Burn Plan

Consider about:

What are my objectives for starting this fire?Can I justify this action?

Wildlife habitat management Fuels management Vegetation revitalisation Improvement of site condition /forage growth/ Training

Other purpose


Objectives (for example, in habitat management):

What effects are sought with this burn?

Habitat effects: whole site or patchy matrix

Timing of fire influences plant community that regenerates

Ecosystem may require fire in order to regenerate


More examples of habitat management objectives:

Increase vigor of a native vegetation, reduce other unwanted vegetation dominance

Spring or early growing season burn is most appropriate



Reduce grass dominance, enhance forbs and other plants

Late growing season or even autumn burn tends to promote forbs over grasses (many forbs will be in dormant while grasses may still be storing root reserves)



Reduce woody or tree cover

Needs to consider more severe conditions to get enough scorch to kill tree


How severe a fire is needed to accomplish the desired objectives?

Fire intensity, heat release, temperature, completeness of burn


How severe a fire is needed to accomplish the desired objectives?

Complete like this…


What conditions are needed to accomplish the goals of a prescribed fires?

Weather conditions (Temp, Wind, RH, Cloud Cover, Approaching fronts)

Temperature – Fire behavior and fuel conditions are most unpredictable when temperatures are rising during morning hoursWind – “fires” behave in a more predictable manner if some wind movement is present Relative humidity – an expression of the actual amount of moisture in the air compared to the total amount the air is capable of holding at that temperature and pressure


Adjust your prescription to suit your goals:

Woodland fire may be slower (creeping), wetter, produces more smoke Require more wind, perhaps lower RH, more sun for burn day

Grassland fire can be very fast moving; fuel dries quickly, and more difficult to control

It requires less wind to move fire, burn with higher RH (at least 50%)


Fuel Conditions (1h, 10h, 100h, 1000hr)

1 hour fuels – grass, leaves sticks 10 hour fuels – bigger sticks 100 hours fuels small logs 1000 hour fuels – big logs

Slope – fire travels fast uphill, more slowly downhill Fire breaks – natural or created Topographic features – Aspect, Exposure, Connectivity of fuels, and breaks in terrain


What type of equipment and how many personnel are needed to conduct the fire?

Engines, hand tools

Personnel and training: level of experience based on complexity / risk of burn

Burn boss, Burning specialist etc.


Know some tools for the burn and dress appropriately!

Basic gear for burning – clothing:

Natural fibre clothes (normal jeans, cotton shorts, leather boots and gloves, helmet)

Preferred gear for burning – clothing: Nomex cotton pants, helmet, leather boots, gloves, eye and hearing protection, fire shlter..


Know some tools and dress appropriately!

Basic tools for burning:

Brush rake, shovel, backpack, water pump, drip torch, etc.

(More details on the clothing will be presented by other instructors!)


How will the fire be conducted? (Strategy and Tactics)

Who needs to be notified of the prescribed fire? How will crew stay in communication?What is the firing plan – sequence of ignition

Brush rake, shovel, backpack, water pump, drip torch, etc.

(More details on the TOOLS will be presented by other instructors!)

Prescribed Fire Operations

Prescribed Fire OperationsUnit EF2: Techniques and tactics

The fire triangle


2.1.2 Convection


2.1.3 Convection


2.1.4 Conduction


2.1.5 The fire environment


2.1.6 Fuel classes


2.1.7 Relative humidity level/fire intensity


2.1.8 Effect of wind on wildfire


2.1.9 Effect of a wind change on a fire


2.2.1 Upslope effect on fire behaviour


2.2.2 Downslope effect on fire behaviour


2.2.3 Effect of aspect on fire behaviour

HotCool


2.2.4 Lee slope turbulence


2.2.8 Fire shape with little to no influence of wind or slope


2.2.9 a Fire shape with moderate wind and/or slope influence


Wind


2.2.9 b Fire shape with strong wind and/or slope influence


2.3.1 Four different smoke columns


2.4.1 Direct attack (flanking)


2.4.2 Parallel attack


2.4.3 Indirect attack

Smoke Management

Smoke Management

Smoke is problematic in several ways:

Releases greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2) Releases gases harmful to human and animal health (e.g., CO) Releases particulate matter (visibility and health, e.g., traffic accident, asthma)

Smoke Management

Mitigation

Manage potential smoke problems by adjusting plan prescriptions

Reduce smoke by altering firing techniques – different types of fire produces different types of smoke: examples?

Consider wind direction, dispersion characteristics, mixing heights, fuel moistures

2017 Asia Forest Fire Management Training Seoul, Republic of Korea, 15-22 October 2017

oyunsanaa byambasuren - apafri prescribed burning... · oyunsanaa byambasuren unisdr-regional...

Documents