ozone hole? global warming? el nino? separate the issues and use the data!
DESCRIPTION
Remote Sensing of Oceans & Atmospheres. Ozone Hole? Global Warming? El Nino? Separate the Issues and Use the Data!. presentation by: Corinne Egner W. Windsor-Plainsboro H.S. Plainsboro, NJ 08536 [email protected]. funded by see at NASA/Goddard. presented in cooperation with:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ozone Hole? Global Warming? El Nino? Separate the Issues and Use the Data!
presentation by:
Corinne Egner
W. Windsor-Plainsboro H.S.
Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Remote Sensing of Oceans & Atmospheres
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funded by see at NASA/Goddard
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http://see.gsfc.nasa.gov/edu/SEES/
presented in cooperation with:
a valuable source of information, images and data available on the web
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Introduction
What is Remote Sensing?
Problems and Promise of remote sensing in the classroom
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Atmospheric Processes(Ozone)
Ocean Processes
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What is Remote Sensing?
Remote Sensing Is:– Inferring something about the nature and
properties of an object, surface, area, or phenomenon
– through the analysis of data/information– collected by a sensor– that is not in physical contact with the
object, surface, area, or phenomenon under investigation.
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Why?? -- The Reasons to Teach RS
To assure the next generation has the tools to use current technology to study Earth’s environment.
Scientific literacy of the general public.
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The PROMISE of Using Satellite Data in the Classroom
Spans Scientific Disciplines– Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics
Well-Suited for Inquiry-Based Learning Global or Regional Perspectives Long Historical Record (since late 1970’s) Recent and Real-Time Data
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The REALITY of Using Satellite Data in the Classroom
Technical Complexity of Data Large Data Volumes Computer Hardware/Software Required Theoretical Background Needed Lack of Curriculum
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The Final Analysis?
•Definitely do it! . . . . . but
•Go slowly!
•Try not to undertake too much at once!
•Collaborate and ask for help!
•Realize it’s a longterm learning process!
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum
thanks to Microworld’s web site:
www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html
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General Sources of Radiation
A
B
C
A- reflected radiation from surface
B- incident radiation (skylight)
C- radiance from the atmosphere
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Atmospheric Windows
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Development of the Ozone Hole
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What is a Dobson unit?
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Ozone Production
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Ozone Production & Destruction
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Ozone Hole in the 70’s and 90’s
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Mathematical Analysis
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Depletion of ozone in NH & SH
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Different instruments to measure ozone
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Ozone destruction is worse in SH
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•Ocean Circulation–Sea Surface Temperature
–Sea Surface Topography and Sea Height Variability
•Ocean Productivity–Phytoplankton Pigment Concentration
•Sea Ice Processes–Sea Ice Concentration
Topics in Atmospheric/Oceanic Module
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Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. East CoastMay 21, 1999
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The need for compositing images
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Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. East CoastMay 19-21, 1999
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Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. East Coast
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Coriolis effect and Ekman transport
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Generalized ocean currents
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Ekman spiral
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Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. West Coast
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Upwelling due to offshore transport
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Polar Sea Ice Concentration Measurements of Terrestrial Microwave Radiation
September 1996
March 1996
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Polar Sea Ice Concentration Measurements of Terrestrial Microwave Radiation
March 1996
September 1996
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Sources of Radiation Arriving at Satellite from the Ocean Surface
Visible - Sunlight Reflected at the Surface
Visible - Sunlight Scattered Upward by Subsurface Plants & Particles
Infrared - Emitted (Terrestrial) Thermal Energy
Microwave– “Passive” Sensors Measure Emitted
(Terrestrial) Microwave Energy– “Active” Sensors Illuminate Terrain with Their
Own Signal, then Measure Returned Energy
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Phytoplankton Concentration Measurements of Sunlight Scattered by Subsurface Plants
Global Biosphere Spring (March-May) 1998
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Phytoplankton Concentration Measurements of Sunlight Scattered by Subsurface Plants
Global Biosphere Summer (June-August) 1998
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Surface Roughness Measurements of Transmitted/Reflected Microwave Radiation
“Sea Empress” Oil Spill, Wales, United Kingdom, February 22, 1996
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Surface Roughness Measurements of Transmitted/Reflected Microwave Radiation
Typhoon Violet, September 20, 1996
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Surface Roughness Measurements of Transmitted/Reflected Microwave Radiation
Wind Speed&
Wave Height
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El Nino
Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly December 8, 1997
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El Nino
TOPEX/Poseidon Sea Surface
Height Anomaly December 10,
1997
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La Nina
Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly February 27, 1999
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La Nina
TOPEX/Poseidon Sea Surface
Height Anomaly February 27,
1999
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see Image began with:
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Ability to import some satellite data formats Macros:
– Multipaste/replace of geographic overlays– To calculate & find geog coordinates– To view/analyze data in projections
• (Goode, Polar, Hammer)
– Facilitates annotation and key– Perform temporal Z-plot analysis etc. – Compute statistics ignoring “no-data” pixels
see Image then added:
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Ability to import satellite data
TOMS Stratospheric Ozone
AVHRR and NDVI
ISLSCP and UV data also, but no materials exist
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Geographic overlays
NDVI measurement of “greenness” from the NOAA series satellite from October of 1988.
Monthly averaged TOMS Ozone data from October, 1992
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MultiPaste/Replace
•Use a macro to apply an overlay to a stack. •No paste control window is needed.•Often relevant in geographic data with time series.
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Calculate X/Y image coordinates.
Interactively display the lat/long in the info window. (Only works for global images.)
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Ability to project global images
Hammer-Aitoff over -100 longSouth Polar Orthographic
Goode
TOMS ozone imageswithout overlays
Oct. 3, 1979
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Facilitates making annotation & key w/ MakeMap macro
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,
to see NDVI values indicating how vegetation changes
Arizona
Month of 1987
ND
VI
valu
eApplachians
Month of 1987
ND
VI
valu
e
QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Perform temporal Z-plot analysis with a stack
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Where to Get the Images Phytoplankton Concentration
– SeaWIFS Homepage: http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/
SEAWIFS.html
– Ocean Color Homepage: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Sea Surface Temperature– JHU AVHRR Homepage:
http://fermi.jhu.apl.edu/avhrr
– SeaSpace Homepage:http://www.seaspace.com
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Where to Get the Images
Imaging Radar– Shuttle Imaging Radar Homepage:
http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/
– RADARSAT Images:http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/
http://radarsat.space.gc.ca/welcome.html
Scatterometer Winds– NASA JPL Winds Homepage
http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html
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Where to Get the Images
Sea Surface Topography– TOPEX/Poseidon Homepage:
http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/
El Nino– Topex/Poseidon El Nino Homepage
http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/elnino.html
– SST Anomaly Charthttp://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/
PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html
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Studying the Earth’s Environment from Space
NASA/CGA/ODU Collaborative Project Classroom Materials Lab Materials
– Display Software– Satellite Data & Exercises
Topic List:– Ozone (NASA)
– Land Vegetation (NASA)
– Ocean Processes (CGA/ODU)
– Sea Ice Concentration (CGA/ODU)
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Materials available at: http://see.gsfc.nasa.gov/edu/SEES/
Studying the Earth’s Environment from Space
Topics/Units Include:
Land Vegetation (AVHRR data)
Stratospheric Ozone (TOMS data)
Polar Processes
Sea Surface Temperatures