p.,, 10.300 united states department of the …, 10.300 united states department of the interior...
TRANSCRIPT
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H/ .‘ P.,, 10.300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATCI
* NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . Rhode Island- .
- COUNTYt
NATIONAL.REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES WQshington
INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLYENTRY DATE
Typt all entries - completeapplicable sections
H- :-- :-- :-.
.:.::::*:::::.:
COMMON:
Carolina Village Historic DistrictAND/OR HISTORtC:
Carolinaj2:LOCATtON7 .H H-!-:*:::H ..:.H* H:.
STREET AND NUMBER:
See continuation sheet #
Charlestown & RichmondSTATE
Rhode Island
CITY OR TOWN: . CONGRESSIONAL DISrRIC-r:
4b2: Robert 0. Tiernan
CODE COUNTY
44 WashingtonCODE
009CLASFICATJON . . . *- -- .. H:HH. .
CATEGORYOWNERSHIP . STATUS
ACCESSIBLE
Check One . TO THE PUBLIC
EB Di strict ] Building [ Public Public Acquisition: . Occupied Yes:
t3 Site E Structure [IT Pri vote C In Process j Unoc cupied [ Restricted
El Obect El Both El Being Considered C Preservation work J Unrestricted
In progress C No
PRESENT UGE Check One Or More as Appropriate
C Agricultural C Government C Pork C Transportation El Comments
C Commercial C Industrial C Private Residence C Other Specify
C Educational C Military C Religious
C Entertainment C Museum C Scientific
!TThWNER OF PROPERTYOWNERS NAME:
Multiple owneship. STREET AND NUMBER:
CITY OR TOWN: STATE: . CODE
Charlectown and Richmond Rhode Island . 44j5 .OCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION
COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC:
Charlestown Town hailSTREET AND NUMOER:
flax 372 South County TrailCITY OR TOWN: - STATE
Chariestown * . Rhode Island
T.!QN IN.FXISTING SURVEYS. ..
TITLE OF SURVEY: -
Rhode Island InventoryDATE OF SURVEY: 1970, t974DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS:
Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission
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STREET AND NUMuER:
52 Power StreetCITY OR TOWN: * STATE: cooa
Providenre Rhode Island 44
/‘t! ‘BtSCRIPTION . - h. . : ,V t’- :..y: :/...
.* - Check One
[3 Esicollent [3 Good [3 Fair C Deteriorated 0 Ruins [3 Unesrpo.ed - * -
CONDITION* check One - Check One
[3 Altered [3 Unaltered El Moved [3 Original Site [t
DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL If known PHYSICAL APPEARANCE -
The Carolina historic district is a former mill village on theRichmond-Clrjrlestoqn border see site plan. It5 spine is a stretch ofRhode Island Route 112, approximately 4/5 of a mile in length, traversingthe Pawcatuclc River. School House Lane in Richmond and Butter Lane inCharletown are within the district. The intersection of Route 112 andShannock Hill Road constitutes its northern border; the intersection ofRout 112 and Route 91 carolina Road its southern limit.. - -
Carolina Village is basically a corridor of small-scale mid-nine- *- No:-, -
teenth century domestic buildings lining Route 112. The ribbon-likepattern of this space is interupted in the middle by a picturesque andvisually expansive mill site, reservoir and river. The district may bedivided into three interrelated segments: the elevated residential area C --
along Route 112 in Richmond; the mill complex, bridges, and reservoiran the river valley, the residential corridor occupying rising ground vson the Charlestown bank.
-
* ::- -
A single building, surrounded by lawns, signalizes the northern edgeof Carolina Village. It is the Albert Potter House #1 on the site plan, -
a two story octagonal structure with central chimney carried up through Zan unabashedlyquaint roof-top belvedere. Beyond the Potter house, most vsstructures on Route 112 are unpretentious 1½ story cottages, datingc.1840-l870. They occupy deep, tree-shaded house lots. About half arein the Greek Revival style -- clapboard buildings trimmed with paneled
*- * -corner pilasters, plank cornices and boldly scaled.window and door casings. CSimple mid-Victorian houses -- differing from -the Greek Revival buildings flonly in detail -- fill out the area. At the crest of the hill descending Hto the river stands a 2½ story Queen Anne style house #19 overlooking -*
the mills. It was built by Ellison Tinkham, part-owner of the Carolina o * Cmills from 1868 to 1907.
- xThe waters of the Pawcatuck River held in Carolina Reservoir #31 vs
flow over a series of dams into sluceways which brought power to themills. Fields and woods surround the reservoir and power trenches. Themill complex #26, 27, 28, 29, 30 is situated on the sloping north bank -*
of the Pawcatuck River. The mill itself #30 is an early twentiethcentury replacement of the original nineteenth century factory. In its
-*vicinity remain a water tower, two storehouses, and, beside the road, a2 story gable-roofed building Which formerly served as mill office,company store and post office. All are vacant and in poor condition
- Two large dwellings #43, 44 command attention at the head of eachraw of houses flanking Route 112 as it ascends the gentle grade of theriverts south bank. One of these, the J. W. Money House #43, built c.l850is the most imposing dwelling in Carolina. Evergreen trees partiallyobscure the assertive formality of this 2½ story Italianate villa
-Beside the Money House is a fine Greek Rivival house #45, c.1850 erectedby Steven Bates. Its cruciform plan, low hip roof and encircling 1story Boric porch make this an unusual building for Rhode Island. As on * *:O -
the Richmond side of the river, most dwellings here are 1½
See continuation sheet 1
1O-300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE
-- - July 1969 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Rhode IslandNATIONAL
REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
Washington*
- INVENTORY . NOMII-4ATION FORMFOR NPS USE ONLY
-
- ENTRY NUMBER DATE
Continuation Sheet- 1
Number au entries - - * -
2. Location -- -
For the purposes of the National Register; the area within theCarolina historic district is as follows: Starting at a point in themiddle of the intersection of Route 112 and Shannock Hill Road, the districtruns south on Route 112 to a point in the middle of the intersection of
- that highway and Route 91. Between these points, the bounds of the districtextend back 500’ from the mid-line of Route 112. Along the Pawcatuck River,the district boundary extends east from the Carolina bridges 1000’ acrossthe Carolina Reservoir and west from the same point down the Pawtucket River
* 4-1000’, it includes the land surrounding bothto a distance of 250’. Thedistrict extends south from Butter Lane a sufficient distance to includebuildings 37 and 38. -
* * --
* - -
Richmond Town House * -
- Richmond Town House Road - - *
Richmond, Rhode Island Code: 44 -
7. - Description cont. - *-
story cottages with rudimentary Greek Revival or bracketed mid-victorian
detail. --
In the ambience of these simple habitations, the Carolina Free WillBaptist Church #54 achieves considerable monumentality. The 1845 white *
clapboard Greek Revival church, with pedimented gable and ridge-mounted bet- *
fry, is elevated upon a high stone basement to which is was moved in 1865.
The southern border of the district is defined by a change in building --
density, building use and design. At the intersection of Route 112 -andRoute 91 stand a twentieth century auto garageand gasoline station#70, 71. south of Route 91, Route 112 channels throuh sparcely settledpine woods
Inventory -
Style/period code: GR -- Greek Revival c.l840-1860 -
- MV -- Mid-Victorian c.1850-l870- LV -- Late Victorian c.1870-l900
- E20 -- Early Twentieth Century to c.1945- 1120 -- Mid-Twentieth Century c.l945 to present - --
Names of houses taken from the 1870 and 1895 maps of Carolina.
1. Albert Potter House 1867;fine 2 story octagon house; wood frame, stone foundation;central chimney and octagonal belvedere; open scroll braces supportjets. -
- See continuation sheet 2
GPO fll.124
Vt
Ca UNITED sTA; g R;MREKN;EcJIE INTERIOR STATE
Rhode Island
-- NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
Washington -
INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORMFOR NI’S USE ONLY
ENTRY NUMUER DATEContinuation Sheet - 2
Number alt entries- Description cont.
* *:
2. E20 Dutch Colonial style house.3. M20 house.4. £20 house. -
5. LV l2 story cottage;post-l895.-6. J. Blanchard I-louse; appears on 1870 map - -
- rflGil 12. story cottage. - --
-7. W. G. Briggs I-louse; appears on 1870 mapMV story cottage.
-8. 0. Nenyon House; appears on 1870 mapGR 12 story cottage. -
9. LV l2 story cottage; appears on 1895 map.10. £20 2 story house. - - -
11. Carolina School 1845, 1872, with later additions -
original 1 story stone central section built by -
Rowland Hazard as the school for his mill village;remained property of mill owners through 1871.
12. B. L. Lark-ham House; appears on 1870 map-GR 13 story cottage; in 1870 0. L. Larkham’s store - -
and residence.13. LV two-family 1½ story cottage; appears, 1895.
-14. 520 2 story house on site of earlier building.15. J. Green House; appears, 1870.
- CR 1½ story house. -
16. E. Barber House; appears, 1870 --CR 1½ story cottage. -
-17. 5. WoodmanseeHouse; appears, 1870 - ;_ -
MV 1½ stoy cottage. -
18. J. H. Babcock House; appears, 1870 - --CR 2 story house; Babcock had a dry goods store and grocery
-. --in the village. -
- :- -19. Ellison Tinkham House; earlier house appears on 1870 mapLV story residence of F.llison Tinkham, part owner ofCarolina Mills Co. from 1868 to 1907. - ;L-J - --20. Gil 1½ story cottage; appears, 1870. -
21. Tefft House; appears, 1870 - ‘- -t
CR 1½ story cottage; property of Teffts in 1870 and 1895.22. £20 small 1 s-tory store; a store was on the site in 1870.?- -23. Hoxie House; appears, 1870
- 18th century type 1½ story cottage; central stonechimney; five-bay facade with central entrance; doorwayhas CR trim. - - -
24. J. 3. Ward House; appears, 1870 -
GR 2 story house with ped:Lmentedgable end to street;- 3 bay facade with sidehall entrance; later porch across front;in 1870 3. 3. Ward & Son Store. -
25. CR 1½ story cottage; appears; 1870 -
was property of the mill company.- Z-’
See continuation sheet 3
- GPO 921-7Z4
EcJm 1O-300o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE
Rhode IslandJuly969 - - - - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
COUNTYNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES- Washington
-- INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM
FOR NPS USE ONLY
ENTRY NUMBER-
- Continuation Sheet-
DATE
Number an entriesDescription cont. -
26. MV 22. story storehouse; part of Carolina mill complex. -
27. E20 iron frame water tower; part Carolina mill complex.28. MV -2-2 story storehouse; part of Carolina mill complex.29. MV 22 story former mill office, store and post office; part of mill
complex.30. £20 mill, in ruin; part of Carolina mill complex.31. Carolina Reservoir, dams and power trenches; trench system
in ruin, but undisturbed by post-industrialdevelopment; part of the Carolina mill complex.
32. W. H. Tucker House; appears, 1870- MV 1½ story mill-type cottage; property of W. Tucker in 1870, 1895.
33. 3. B. Tucker House; appears, 1870 -
MV 1½ story mill-type cottage; prperty of 3. 3.- Tucker,"Carpenter and Builder," in 1870, 1895.
34, 35, 36. Three NV 2-family 1½ story mill houseswere property of the mill company; in ruin.
-
37. Tucker-Clark House; appears, 1870 -
Gil 1½ story cottage on high basement.38. Brown House; appears, 1870 - - - - - -
MV 2 story house. -
39. Tucker House; appears, 1870MV 1½ story cottage with fine LV bracketed entrance hood. -
.40. MV 1½ story cottage; appears,1870.41. LV small 1½ story cottage or store; appears, 1895.42. 1120 cottage, bi1t to be a beauty parlor.43. 3. W. Money House; appears, 1870.Fine MV c.1850 Italianate house,
22. stories- with low hip roof; wide bracketed jetwith paneled soffits; 3 bay facade withcentral entrance; porch across front; large eli in rear.44. MV 2½ story building converted 7 to use as a residence inLV period; on 1870 map it is identified as the cigar manu-factury of W. 0. Cross and B. C. Kenyon. - -
45. Steven Bates House; appears, 1870 -
fine CR 2 story house c.lBSo; cruciform plan, low hip roof;1 story Doric porch across front continued down both sidesof building to wings; 3 bay facade with left sidehali entrance;retains carriage sheds, priy and wellhead in rear.
46 Kenyon-Brown House; appears, 1870CR 1½ story house with additions; set with pedimented gable endt0 the street; good CR trim intact;property of B. C. Kenyon in1870; in 1895, owned by 5. C. Brownwho had a general store now gone beside his house.47. i-tv 1½ story cottage; appears, 1870. -
48. S. Babcbck 1-louse; appears, 1870CR 1½ story cottage with extensive additions; -
once contained a store.49. CR two-family 19J story cottage set flank to street;
has a fanlight window in end gables, a corw-non motif -
in CR cottages in Carolina. See continuation sheet 4 IGPO 121.714
- ..**
*th O.34Oa UNITED STAJ1g INTERIOR STATE
Rhode Island-
-. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
Washington- - -INVENTORY . NOMINATION FORM
FOR NPS USE ONLY
ENTRY NUMBER DATE- Continuation Sheet
- 4Nb.r all entries Description cont.
50. Barber House’; appears, 1870- LV 1½ story house on site of earlier building. -
Si. Wilcox House; appears, 1870 - - -
fine CR 1½ story cottage set with pedimentedgable end to thestreet; extensive dl in rear. - -
52. Hazard-Metcalf House; appears, 1870 - -
MV 2 story house with LV porch; -
in 1895 was the home of Fra1tlin Metcalf, part ownerof the Carolina mills. -
53. MV 1½. story cottage; appears, 1870since at least 1870 this has been the Baptist parsonage.-
54. Charlestown First Free Will Baptist Church 1845, 1865, c.1885good CR church with small cupola; set on a high stone basement;the mill owner, Rowland Hazard, gave land on which -to build thechurch in 1845 south of the village; in 1865 Mr. & Mrs. HazardKenyon and r-lr. & Mrs. W. C. Tucker gave the lot on which thechurch now stands; church moved by Jesse Breed of Westerly; 1865 tnstone foundation affords a full undercroft space; interior ofbuilding thoroughly renovated in 1865 and again in the mid-1880’s.55. 20 1 story cottage on site of earlierhouse.
56. 3. Tucker House; appears, 1870- MV story -cottage. -
57. Cole House; a house appears on this site in 1870but the existing story LV style cottage appears -
to be somewhat later in date; excellent, well-preservedLV detail.
58. M20 "ranch" style house.59. GreenHouse; appears, 1870 -
MV 1½ story cottage.60. T. A. Pierce House; appears, 1870 -
MV lij story cottage. -
61. I.0.0.F. Hall; post-1895LV story structure with- meeting hail -in second story.
62. - 2p bungalow.63. -Dr. A. A. Saunders House; appears, 1870.. -
CR 1½ story cottage; home of Dr. Saunders in 1870.64. MV 1½ story cottage.65. C. Kenyon House; appears, 1870.66. 520 roadside market stand. - -
67. 520 1½ story cottage. -
68. LV ll-; story cottage; post-1895. -
69. Clark-Icenyon House; appears, 1870CR 1½ story cottage.
70. 520 structure, Wright’s Qarage. -
71. N20 gas station.72. 520 2 story house. -
GPO 921.724
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ci 18th Century 1J 20th century
19th century
i-3 5. 15341:
Pal ri I fl Urban Planning
ci Religion/Phi. Other Specify
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Elci
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losophy
Science
Sculpture -
Social/Human.
iarian
Theater
Transportotian
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STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE -
The Carolina historic district preserves the physical characteristicsof a small Rhode Island mill village of the nineteenth century. Nolonger an industrial or colTunercial center, Carolina is now a quiet,compact residential neighborhood deep in rural South County. In layoutand architecture, the village has changed little in a century.0
Water powergave impetus to developthent at what became Carolina.In 1802 Joseph Nichols dammed the Pawcatuck River here and built a
o grist mill. The Hoxie Housef 23 may be the one dwelling said to havebeen standing during this early period. In the mid-1830’s the gristmill was replacec/cy a textile mill, but the enterprise was unsuccessfuluntiLit became the property of Rowland Hazard in 1841. The Hazardfamily were important woolen goods manufacturers in this region, andunder Rowland Hazard’s managementthe mill soon prospered.
z - -
Rowland Hazard developed the village. He built the school #11and many of the extant Creek Revival houses dating from the 1840’s.W He established a store and provided space for a post: office. Hazardgave land for the Baptist Church and built a parsonage. He named thevillage for his wife, Caroline Newbold Hazard. -
In 1868, the Peace Dale Manufacturing Company, owned by the Hazard’s,sold Carolina to Ellison Tinkhani and Franklin Metcalf. Tinkham andMetcalf incorprat their holdings as the Carolina Mills Company.Despite the consolidation and eventual decline of the New England textileindustry around the turn-of_the_century, the firm was able to remain inbusiness because it manufactured a high quality, specialized product --
fancy cassimeres. Since the Depression, however, the mills have beenclosed. - - - -
In the nineteenth century Carolina was the villge center for afairly large district. A school and church were located here, the postoffice, several stores, a bank, blacksmith shop and halls in whichmeetings, lectures and flentertainmentstt were held. All save the churchand the I.0.0.F. Hall are gone -- the buildings vacant, or converted t0use as dwellings, torn down, or moved away.
- See continuation sheet 5
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- g; 1O.300o - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE
-... July 1969 - -- NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Rhode Island
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY
Washington-INVENTORY . NOMINATION FORM
FOR NPS USE ONLY- - - - ENTRY NUMBER DATE
-- Continuation Sheet
- 5Number .11 entriee Significance cont. -
Carolina rethained basically "Yankee" throughout its history. ThoughRhode L;land had the highest proportion of immigrants to total populationof any state, and this- immigrant population was concentrated in the industrial communities, only a few Irish immigrant families settled in thevillage. The original St. Mary’s Catholic Church just south of Carolinabuilt in 1902, served a congregation drawn from among the Irish mill handsand servant girls employed throughout Charlestown and Richmond.
- Historically, Carolina is a community which flourished in the centurybetween 1835 and 1935. Yet, the time frame for the architecture of thevillage is more restricted -,- roughly 1840 t0 1870. Forty-five of the -:
seventy-one buildings in the district date from this period. About tenothers, little different in character, were built prior t0 1900. Thegreat majority of the buildings are 1½ story cottages -- all originallyclapboard-clad. The chief architectural monuments of Carolina date fromthe mid-nineteenth century: the octagonal Potter House c.l865, the -
Italianate Money House c.l850, the Greek Revival Bates House c.1850 -
and the Baptist Church 1845, 1865. Architecurally, then, Carolina is -
a remarkably unified mid-nineteenth centurydistrict.
Functionally, Carolina is now more a neighborhood than a village, andthe village_like quality it retains is produced by its layout. Thehouses are aligned in fairly even ranks at regular intervals to form astreetscane of uniform rhythm. Building density in Carolina has remainedalmost constant. Now there are seventy-one buildings in the village; in187Q there were seventy-four. - The ovbrail planning concept was rational:the village centered on the mills at the river -_ the power source, thereason the community was established. Growth extended out from thisfocal-point along the highway. In a sense, carolina was a villagebecause it is not rural, its character defined in part by the surroundingwood1ands the beauty of Carolina’s setting was an unconscious by-poductof the planning process. To state this plainly, however, does not diminishthat beauty. Carolina is not only handsome, but historic. It evokes a
-specific sense of time, place and purpose, bespeaking an important aspectof Rhode Island’s past. -
GPO 921.724
I ? t0R BIBLIOCRAPFIICAL REFERENCES
Cole, 3. H.; IUstoHt of W-ashi.nqton & Kent Counties -
W. U. PresLan; New York, 1329; pp.498-501, 656-G70.Irish, James; Historical Sketch of the Town of Richmond
L. -i. A. Cole, foe ‘Jalley, Rhode Island,Tucker, William F’.; Iist-oricnl Sketch of the
G. B. & 3. F-i. .Utter, Westerly, Ithode Island,
1-277; pp.52-53. -
Town of Charlestown;- 1877; pp.66-85.
_______
-
Walling; Nap of Rhode island; Edston, 1855.D. G. i3eeETTJTof Rhode Island- Philadelphia, 1870. -
Everts & Richards; Topoq.raphicai’tlns of Sou-hhern R1iod Tclnnd- Philnrlnlnhi -
GEOGRAPHIcAL DATA - -:LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES
DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROCERTY
CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE
NW
NE
SE
SW
Degrees MInutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds41° ?7’51.7t - 71° 40 ‘6.12W41 0 27 51. 7T 71° 39 35. 541° 27l.0.5cJ 71° 39 ‘355
71° ,i0 ‘2.12-APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED
STATE:
STATE:
STATE:
STATE:
-1i. FORM- PREPARED BYNAME AND TITLE:
David U. Chase c ir1tOV - Director
0R
LTITUnE AND LONGI TIDE COORDINATESDEFINING TH. Ltr raN POIN I OF A PnOPERTY
OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES
LATITUDE
Minute, Seconds
LONGITUDE
Degrees Minutes0 I
Oegrees0
ORGANIZATION - DATE -
Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission March 1974STREET AND NUMOER:
52r’o’-er_Street,CITY OR TOWN: -
Providence - -
STATE CODE
Rhode Is land - 44
.STATE LIAISON 0FFIcER-cERTIFIcA-I-Iow n-V--- .rY- NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION
As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na-- - - - -tsonal 1-lsstorsc Preservation Act of 1966 Public Law
89-665, 1 hereby nominate this property for inclusion
in the Nation.sI Register and certify that it has been
valuaIod according to the citerin and proccthi rcA set
forth by the National Park Service. The recommended- - - - --level of significance of this nominatIon is:
National D State Local D
Name
State Historic Preservation
Officer - -
Title
- I- - - - C’ I -:15-1-
- - 1 I-ittDute
I herchy certify that this property is included in the
Notional Register.
-
Director. Office of Archeology and lll.loriC P,e.ervstlon
-
l- to
-
ATTEST:
Keeper of Tle National f?epjstcr-
flute -
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFF ICE 1973 -729-I 47/1442 3-I
PROPERTY: 115 acres
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ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES
Seconds
CODE COUNTY
CODE COUNTY:
COUNTY:
COUNTY:
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